me to his clerk.  The under-official at once saw the irregularity of the document, asked me why it had not been vise at Cairo, swore that under such circumstances nothing would induce the Bey to let me proceed; and, when I tried persuasion, waxed insolent.  I feared that it would be necessary to travel via Cosseir, for which there was scarcely time, or to transfer myself on camel-back to the harbour of Tur, and there to await the chance of finding a place in some half-filled vessel to Al-Hijaz,-which would have been relying upon an accident.  My last hope at Suez was to obtain assistance from Mr. West, then H.B.M.’s Vice-Consul, and since made Consul.  I therefore took the boy Mohammed with me, choosing him on purpose, and excusing the step to my companions by concocting an artful fable about my having been, in Afghanistan, a benefactor to the British nation.  We proceeded to the Consulate.  Mr. West, who had been told by imprudent Augustus Bernal to expect me, saw through the disguise, despite jargon assumed to satisfy official scruples, and nothing could be kinder than the part he took.  His clerk was directed to place himself in communication with the Bey’s factotum; and, when objections to signing the Alexandrian Tazkirah were offered, the Vice-Consul said that he would, at his own risk, give me a fresh passport as a British subject from Suez to Arabia.  His firmness prevailed:  on the second day, the documents were returned to me in a satisfactory state.  I take a pleasure in owning this obligation to Mr. West:  in the course of my wanderings, I have often

[p.170] received from him open-hearted hospitality and the most friendly attentions.

Whilst these passport difficulties were being solved, the rest of the party was as busy in settling about passage and passage-money.  The peculiar rules of the port of Suez require a few words of explanation.[FN#10] “About thirty-five years ago” (i.e. about 1818 A.D.), “the ship-owners proposed to the then government, with the view of keeping up freight, a Farzah, or system of rotation.  It might be supposed that the Pasha, whose object notoriously was to retain all monoplies in his own hands, would have refused his sanction to such a measure.  But it so happened in those days that all the court had ships at Suez:  Ibrahim Pasha alone owned four or five.  Consequently, they expected to share profits with the merchants, and thus to be compensated for the want of port-dues.  From that time forward all the vessels in the harbour were registered, and ordered to sail in rotation.  This arrangement benefits the owner of the craft ‘en depart,’ giving him in his turn a temporary monopoly, with the advantage of a full market; and freight is so high that a single trip often clears off the expense of building and the risk of losing the ship-a sensible succedaneum for insurance companies.  On the contrary, the public must always be a loser by the ‘Farzah.’  Two of a trade do not agree elsewhere; but at Suez even the Christian and the Moslem shipowner are bound by a fraternal tie, in the shape of this rotation system.  It injures the general merchant and the Red Sea trader, not only by