3. The name of the owner of copyright in the sound recording, or an
   abbreviation by which the name can be recognized, or a generally
   known alternative designation of the owner.  If the producer of the
   sound recording is named on the phonorecord label or container and if
   no other name appears in conjunction with the notice, the producer’s
   name shall be considered a part of the notice.  Example:  (P in a
   circle symbol) 1999 X.Y.Z.  Records, Inc.

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Contributions to collective works

A “collective work” is one in which a number of contributions that are separate and independent works in themselves are assembled into a collective whole.  Examples of collective works include periodicals (such as magazines and journals), encyclopedias, and anthologies.

A single copyright notice applicable to the collective work as a whole serves to indicate protection for all the contributions in the collective work, except for advertisements, regardless of the ownership of copyright in the individual contributions and whether they have been published previously.

However, a separate contribution to a collective work may bear its own notice of copyright, and in some cases, it may be advantageous to utilize the separate notice.  As a practical matter, a separate notice will inform the public of the identity of the owner of the contribution.  For works first published before March 1, 1989, there may be additional reasons to use a separate notice.  If the owner of the collective work is not the same as the owner of an individual contribution that does not bear its own notice, the contribution is considered to bear an erroneous notice. (For the effects of a notice with the wrong name, see “Error in Name” on page 5 of this circular.) Additionally, if an individual author of contributions to a periodical wishes to make a single registration for a group of contributions published within a 12-month period, each contribution must carry its own notice.  For information on this type of registration, request Form GR/CP and Information Package 104.

A notice for the collective work will not serve as the notice for advertisements inserted on behalf of persons other than the copyright owner of the collective work.  These advertisements should each bear a separate notice in the name of the copyright owner of the advertisement.

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Publications incorporating U.S.  Government works

Works by the U.S.  Government are not eligible for copyright protection.  For works published on and after March 1, 1989, the previous notice requirement for works consisting primarily of one or more U.S.  Government works has been eliminated.  However, use of a notice on such a work will defeat a claim of innocent infringement as previously described provided the notice also includes a statement that identifies either those portions of the work in which copyright is claimed or those portions that constitute U.S.  Government material.  An example is:  “(C in a circle symbol) 1998 Ann Doe.  Copyright claimed in Chapters 7-10, exclusive of U.S.  Government maps.”