11.  Col.  Collins, in Philips’ Researches in South Africa, London, 1828.  Quoted by Waitz, ii. 334.

12.  Lichtenstein’s Reisen im sudlichen Afrika, ii.  Pp. 92, 97.  Berlin, 1811.

13.  Waitz, Anthropologie der Naturvolker, ii. pp. 335 seq.  See also Fritsch’s Die Eingeboren Afrika’s, Breslau, 1872, pp. 386 seq.; and Drei Jahre in Sud Afrika.  Also W. Bleck, A Brief Account of Bushmen Folklore, Capetown, 1875.

14.  Elisee Reclus, Geographie Universelle, xiii. 475.

15.  P. Kolben, The Present State of the Cape of Good Hope, translated from the German by Mr. Medley, London, 1731, vol. i. pp. 59, 71, 333, 336, etc.

16.  Quoted in Waitz’s Anthropologie, ii. 335 seq.

17.  The natives living in the north of Sidney, and speaking the Kamilaroi language, are best known under this aspect, through the capital work of Lorimer Fison and A.W.  Howitt, Kamilaroi and Kurnaii, Melbourne, 1880.  See also A.W.  Howitt’s “Further Note on the Australian Class Systems,” in Journal of the Anthropological Institute, 1889, vol. xviii. p. 31, showing the wide extension of the same organization in Australia.

18.  The Folklore, Manners, etc., of Australian Aborigines, Adelaide, 1879, p. 11.

19.  Grey’s Journals of Two Expeditions of Discovery in North-West and Western Australia, London, 1841, vol. ii. pp. 237, 298.

20.  Bulletin de la Societe d’Anthropologie, 1888, vol. xi. p. 652.  I abridge the answers.

21.  Bulletin de la Societe d’Anthropologie, 1888, vol. xi. p. 386.

22.  The same is the practice with the Papuas of Kaimani Bay, who have a high reputation of honesty.  “It never happens that the Papua be untrue to his promise,” Finsch says in Neuguinea und seine Bewohner, Bremen, 1865, p. 829.

23.  Izvestia of the Russian Geographical Society, 1880, pp. 161 seq.  Few books of travel give a better insight into the petty details of the daily life of savages than these scraps from Maklay’s notebooks.

24.  L.F.  Martial, in Mission Scientifique au Cap Horn, Paris, 1883, vol. i. pp. 183-201.

25.  Captain Holm’s Expedition to East Greenland.

26.  In Australia whole clans have been seen exchanging all their wives, in order to conjure a calamity (Post, Studien zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Familienrechts, 1890, p. 342).  More brotherhood is their specific against calamities.

27.  Dr. H. Rink, The Eskimo Tribes, p. 26 (Meddelelser om Gronland, vol. xi. 1887).

28.  Dr. Rink, loc. cit. p. 24.  Europeans, grown in the respect of Roman law, are seldom capable of understanding that force of tribal authority.  “In fact,” Dr. Rink writes, “it is not the exception, but the rule, that white men who have stayed for ten or twenty years among the Eskimo, return without any real addition to their knowledge of the traditional ideas upon which their social state is based.  The white man, whether a missionary or a trader, is firm in his dogmatic opinion that the most vulgar European is better than the most distinguished native.”—­The Eskimo Tribes, p. 31.