The above books, together with others not mentioned by Uffenbach, subsequently found their way into the Harleian library, and have been identified by Mr. A. C. Clark, who has made a careful study of them aided by the dates written in Wanley’s hand on the first page.*

* See his interesting paper in the “Classical Review,” October 1891, The Library of J. G. Gravius.

The manner of their disappearance from the elector’s library illustrates the more than questionable dealings to which book-collectors were often subjected at the hands of their librarians.  There is a curious correspondence preserved in the Bodleian library, consisting of autograph letters which passed between Buchels, the elector’s librarian at Dusseldorf, and Zamboni, the resident at the court of Great Britain for the Landgraf of Hessen Darmstadt.  In appearance the correspondence is innocent enough:  Zamboni has manuscripts for sale on behalf of persons abroad.  But there is far more than meets the eye, and the letters contain almost beyond doubt the disguised and detailed account of how the elector was robbed of his manuscripts, and how Zamboni defrauded the fraudulent librarian Buchels.  Indeed the whole history of the Graevius manuscripts seems to be one of peculation, until they came into Lord Oxford’s possession.  Graevius himself was by no means irreproachable in the matter of restoring borrowed books; Buchels, a Latin scholar and bibliograph of some merit, had a suspicious tendency to appropriate his master’s goods; and Zamboni, had he lived in these days, would certainly have been prosecuted for criminal bankruptcy, if, indeed, the greater part of the transaction were not considered too dishonest to risk exposure.

Buchels, in writing to Zamboni, 13th August 1717, maintains an air of mystery about the books which he offers to him for sale, professing to get them from various monasteries, and describing the difficulties which he has in obtaining them.  There are English dealers about, too, who raise the price of everything.  By degrees he sends lists of what he has to dispose of, and shelters himself behind a mysterious friend, who is obliged to sell such and such a manuscript.  Sometimes this friend is travelling about, sometimes he is in the country, but he is always the source of difficulties.  But Zamboni is not deceived to the extent to which Buchels wishes to deceive him, and he knows full well that the manuscripts offered to him all formed part of the Codices Graeviani, and he tells Wanley so, but does not of course mention Buchels.  Meanwhile there is much bargaining between Buchels and Zamboni; but it is certain, from the correspondence in the Bodleian library, that Zamboni never paid for the MSS. which he sold to Lord Oxford in anything but promises.  The bills which he gave were never met, and if the elector was the loser, his librarian cannot be said to have profited by the fraud which he undoubtedly committed.

Wanley’s part in the transaction, a strictly honourable one, is fully recorded in the Diary.  On the 26th December 1724, he wrote:—­