the august venerable past of England, and was the expression of her moral essence.  When he died, after a life of money-making and intrigue, in a remote and half-developed colony, it was found that most of his immense fortune had been left either to enrich the college where he had spent a short time as a lad, or to bring picked youths from all the British lands, and from what he regarded as the two great sister communities of America and Germany, so that they might drink in the spirit of England, at Oxford, its sanctuary.

His immediate task lay in South Africa, where, from the moment of his entry upon public life, he became the leader of the British cause as Kruger was the leader of the Dutch:  millionaire-dreamer and shrewd, obstinate farmer, they form a strange contrast.  The one stood for South African unity based upon equality of the white races:  the other also for unity, but for unity based upon the ascendancy of one of the white races.  In the politics of Cape Colony Rhodes achieved a remarkable success:  he made friends with the Dutch party and its leader Hofmeyr, who for a long time gave steady support to his schemes and maintained him in the premiership.  It was a good beginning for the policy of racial co-operation.  But Rhodes’s most remarkable achievement was the acquisition of the fertile upland regions of Mashonaland and Matabililand, now called Rhodesia in his honour.  There were episodes which smelt of the shady practices of high finance in the events which led up to this acquisition.  But in the result its settlement was well organised, after some initial difficulties, by the Chartered Company which Rhodes formed for the purpose.  Now one important result of the acquisition of Rhodesia was that it hemmed in the Transvaal on the north; and, joined with the earlier annexation of Bechuanaland, isolated and insulated the two Dutch republics, which were now surrounded, everywhere except on the east, by British territory.  From Cape Town up through Bechuanaland and through the new territories Rhodes drove a long railway line.  It was a business enterprise, but for him it was also a great imaginative conception, a link of empire, and he dreamed of the day when it should be continued to join the line which was being pushed up the Nile from Cairo through the hot sands of the Soudan.

But Rhodes’s final and most unhappy venture was the attempt to force, by violent means, a solution of the Transvaal problem.  He hoped that the Uitlanders might be able, by a revolution, to overthrow Kruger’s government, and, perhaps in conjunction with the more moderate Boers, to set up a system of equal treatment which would make co-operation with the other British colonies easy, and possibly bring about a federation of the whole group of South African States.  He was too impatient to let the situation mature quietly.  He forced the issue by encouraging the foolish Jameson Raid of 1895.  This, like all wilful resorts to violence, only made things worse.  It alienated