the ‘Holothuria’, from which the ‘beche-de-mer’ is prepared.  It is a kind of sea-slug, averaging from one to over two feet in length, and four to ten inches in girth.  In appearance, these sea-cucumbers are more repulsive, looking like flabby black or green sausages, and squirting out a stream of salt water when pressed.  But despite their disgusting appearance, they are a most valuable cargo, from the high price they fetch in the Chinese market, where they are a much-esteemed delicacy.  The vessel that goes in quest of ‘beche-de-mer’ takes several expert divers —­ usually Kanakas, or South Sea Islanders —­ and having arrived at the ground they propose fishing, a sort of head-quarters is established on some convenient island, where vegetables are planted, to stave off the scurvy that would otherwise soon attack the adventurers.  This done the little vessel proceeds to the edge of the reef, and begins work in earnest.

The sea-slug is found buried amidst the triturated sand, worn away by the constant play of the waves, and only the experienced and keen-eyed Kanakas can detect its whereabouts, by the fitful waving of the long feathery tentacles surrounding the mouth of the fish, which immerses its body in the sand.  The vessel being anchored, her boat is got out, and pulled to the smooth water within the reef, the divers keeping a keen scrutiny on the milk-white floor for any indication of their prey.  Suddenly, the man in the bows holds up his hand, as a sign to desist from pulling.  He drops quietly into the clear water, and the length of time that elapses before his black head reappears, is enough to make a bystander nervous.  Often the diver has to encounter his dread enemy the shark, and if cool and collected, generally comes off victorious in the contest.  The South Sea Islanders have a thorough knowledge of the habits of this salt-water pirate, and know that by keeping underneath him, they cannot be touched, and they will fearlessly stab the intruder with their knives, and avail themselves of his momentary departure to regain the boat.  I have known one instance of a native jumping into the water to distract the attention of a shark that was swimming guard over his friend, and both escaped unhurt; but still, despite their utmost skill, accidents do often occur.  In shallow water the ‘beche-de-mer’ is caught with a five-pronged instrument, resembling an eel-spear.  The animals are split open, boiled, pressed flat, and dried in the sun, and after a sufficient number have been taken, they are carried to the island rendezvous and there smoked with dry wood, which last process converts the slug into genuine ‘beche-de-mer’, fit for the market, and for the palates of Celestial epicures.  I tried to cook some, but after boiling it for a couple of hours in a quart pot, it came out like a dirty piece of indian-rubber, and so tough that no teeth could penetrate it.