and the ropes and peasant’s shoes of which the Russians make so much use, and also of nets and a coarse cloth in some places.  According to poets, this was once Philyra, one of the Oceanides.  The ancients are said to have used its bark for the roofs of cottages, for baskets, and for a kind of paper called Philyra.  They also made bucklers of its wood, “on account of its flexibility, lightness, and resiliency.”  It was once much used for carving, and is still in demand for sounding-boards of piano-fortes and panels of carriages, and for various uses for which toughness and flexibility are required.  Baskets and cradles are made of the twigs.  Its sap affords sugar, and the honey made from its flowers is said to be preferred to any other.  Its leaves are in some countries given to cattle, a kind of chocolate has been made of its fruit, a medicine has been prepared from an infusion of its flowers, and finally, the charcoal made of its wood is greatly valued for gunpowder.

The sight of this tree reminded us that we had reached a strange land to us.  As we sailed under this canopy of leaves we saw the sky through its chinks, and, as it were, the meaning and idea of the tree stamped in a thousand hieroglyphics on the heavens.  The universe is so aptly fitted to our organization that the eye wanders and reposes at the same time.  On every side there is something to soothe and refresh this sense.  Look up at the tree-tops and see how finely Nature finishes off her work there.  See how the pines spire without end higher and higher, and make a graceful fringe to the earth.  And who shall count the finer cobwebs that soar and float away from their utmost tops, and the myriad insects that dodge between them.  Leaves are of more various forms than the alphabets of all languages put together; of the oaks alone there are hardly two alike, and each expresses its own character.

In all her products Nature only develops her simplest germs.  One would say that it was no great stretch of invention to create birds.  The hawk, which now takes his flight over the top of the wood, was at first, perchance, only a leaf which fluttered in its aisles.  From rustling leaves she came in the course of ages to the loftier flight and clear carol of the bird.

Salmon Brook comes in from the west under the railroad, a mile and a half below the village of Nashua.  We rowed up far enough into the meadows which border it to learn its piscatorial history from a haymaker on its banks.  He told us that the silver eel was formerly abundant here, and pointed to some sunken creels at its mouth.  This man’s memory and imagination were fertile in fishermen’s tales of floating isles in bottomless ponds, and of lakes mysteriously stocked with fishes, and would have kept us till nightfall to listen, but we could not afford to loiter in this roadstead, and so stood out to our sea again.  Though we never trod in those meadows, but only touched their margin with our hands, we still retain a pleasant memory of them.