They had confessions, absolution of sins, and baptism.  When their children were named, they sprinkled their lips and bosoms with water, and “the Lord was implored to permit the holy drops to wash away the sin that was given it before the foundation of the world.”

The priests were numerous and powerful.  They practised fasts, vigils, flagellations, and many of them lived in monastic seclusion.

The Aztecs, like the Egyptians, had progressed through all the three different modes of writing—­the picture-writing, the symbolical, and the phonetic.  They recorded all their laws, their tribute-rolls specifying the various imposts, their mythology, astronomical calendars, and rituals, their political annals and their chronology.  They wrote on cotton-cloth, on skins prepared like parchment, on a composition of silk and gum, and on a species of paper, soft and beautiful, made from the aloe.  Their books were about the size and shape of our own, but the leaves were long strips folded together in many folds.

They wrote poetry and cultivated oratory, and paid much attention to rhetoric.  They also had a species of theatrical performances.

Their proficiency in astronomy is thus spoken of by Prescott: 

“That they should be capable of accurately adjusting their festivals by the movements of the heavenly bodies, and should fix the true length of the tropical year with a precision unknown to the great philosophers of antiquity, could be the result only of a long series of nice and patient observations, evincing no slight progress in civilization.”

“Their women,” says the same author, “are described by the Spaniards as pretty, though with a serious and rather melancholy cast of countenance.  Their long, black hair might generally be seen wreathed with flowers, or, among the richer people, with strings of precious stones and pearls from the Gulf of California.  They appear to have been treated with much consideration by their husbands; and passed their time in indolent tranquillity, or in such feminine occupations as spinning, embroidery, and the like; while their maidens beguiled the hours by the rehearsal of traditionary tales and ballads.

“Numerous attendants of both sexes waited at the banquets.  The balls were scented with perfumes, and the courts strewed with odoriferous herbs and flowers, which were distributed in profusion among the guests as they arrived.  Cotton napkins and ewers of water were placed before them as they took their seats at the board.  Tobacco was them offered, in pipes, mixed with aromatic substances, or in the form of cigars inserted in tubes of tortoise-shell or silver.  It is a curious fact that the Aztecs also took the dried tobacco leaf in the pulverized form of snuff.