and made himself known to them; that he accordingly made four voyages to Chivim; that he arrived in Spain; that he went to Rome; that he saw the house of God building; that he went by the road which his brethren, the Culebres, had bored; that he marked it, and that he passed by the houses of the thirteen Culebres.  He relates that, in returning from one of his voyages, he found seven other families of the Tzequil nation who had joined the first inhabitants, and recognized in them the same origin as his own, that is, of the Culebres; he speaks of the place where they built the first town, which from its founders received the name of Tzequil; he affirms that, having taught them the refinement of manners in the use of the table, table-cloths, dishes, basins, cups, and napkins, they taught him the knowledge of God and his worship; his first ideas of a king, and obedience to him; that he was chosen captain of all these united families.”

It is probable that Spain and Rome are interpolations.  Cabrera claims that the Votanites were Carthaginians.  He thinks the Chivim of Votan were the Hivim, or Givim, who were descended of Heth, son of Canaan, Phoenicians; they were the builders of Accaron, Azotus, Ascalon, and Gaza.  The Scriptures refer to them as Hivites (Givim) in Deuteronomy (chap. ii., verse 32), and Joshua (chap. xiii., verse 4).  He claims that Cadmus and his wife Hermione were of this stock; and according to Ovid they were metamorphosed into snakes (Culebres).  The name Hivites in Phoenician signifies a snake.

Votan may not, possibly, have passed into Europe; he may have travelled altogether in Africa.  His singular allusion to “a way which the Culebres had bored” seems at first inexplicable; but Dr. Livingstone’s last letters, published 8th November, 1869, in the “Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society,” mention that “tribes live in underground houses in Rua.  Some excavations are said to be thirty miles long, and have running rills in them; a whole district can stand a siege in them.  The ‘writings’ therein, I have been told by some of the people, are drawings of animals, and not letters; otherwise I should have gone to see them.  People very dark, well made, and outer angle of eyes slanting inward.”

And Captain Grant, who accompanied Captain Speke in his famous exploration of the sources of the Nile, tells of a tunnel or subway under the river Kaoma, on the highway between Loowemba and Marunga, near Lake Tanganyika.  His guide Manua describes it to him: 

“I asked Manua if he had ever seen any country resembling it.  His reply was, ’This country reminds me of what I saw in the country to the south of the Lake Tanganyika, when travelling with an Arab’s caravan from Unjanyembeh.  There is a river there called the Kaoma, running into the lake, the sides of which are similar in precipitousness to the rocks before us.’  I then asked, ‘Do the people cross this river in boats?’ ’No; they have no boats; and even if they had, the people