[FN#204] Gesenius interprets it “Soldier of God”; the bye-name given to Jacob presently became the national name of the Twelve Tribes collectively; then it narrowed to the tribe of Judah; afterwards it became = laymen as opposed to Levites, etc., and in these days it is a polite synonym for Jew.  When you want anything from any of the (self-) Chosen People you speak of him as an Israelite; when he wants anything of you, you call him a Jew, or a damned Jew, as the case may be.

[FN#205] I am not aware that there is any general history of the bell, beginning with the rattle, the gong and other primitive forms of the article; but the subject seems worthy of a monograph.  In Hebrew Writ the bell first appears in Exod. xxviii. 33 as a fringe to the Ephod of the High Priest that its tinkling might save him from intruding unwarned into the bodily presence of the tribal God, Jehovah.

[FN#206] Gennesaret (Chinnereth, Cinneroth), where, according to some Moslems, the Solomon was buried.

[FN#207] I cannot explain this legend.

[FN#208] So the old English rhyme, produced for quite another purpose by Sir John Bull in “Wat Tyler’s Rebellion” (Hume, Hist. of Eng., vol. i. chapt. 17):—­

          “When Adam dolve and Eve span,
          Who was then the gentleman?”

A variant occurs in a Ms. of the xvth century, Brit.  Museum:—­

          “Now bethink the gentleman,
          How Adam dalf and Eve span.”

And the German form is:—­

          “So Adam reutte (reute) and Eva span
          Wwer was da ein Eddelman (Edelman)?”

[FN#209] Plur. of “’Usfur” = a bird, a sparrow.  The etymology is characteristically Oriental and Mediaeval, reminding us of Dan Chaucer’s meaning of Cecilia “Heaven’s lily” (Susan) or “Way for the blind” (Caecus) or “Thoughts of Holiness” and lia=lasting industry; or, “Heaven and Leos” (people), so that she might be named the people’s heaven (The SEcond Nonne’s Tale).

[FN#210] i.e.  “Fir is rebellious.”

[FN#211] Both of which, I may note, are not things but states, modes or conditions of things.  See. vol. ix. 78.

[FN#212] “Salat” = the formal ceremonious prayer.  I have noticed (vol. iv. 60) the sundry technical meanings of the term Salat, from Allah=Mercy; from Angel-kind=intercession and pardon, and from mankind=a blessing.

[FN#213] Possibly “A prayer of Moses, the man of God,” the title of the highly apocryphal Psalm xc.

[FN#214] Arab.  “Libas” = clothes in general.

[FN#215] In text “Zafar” = victory.  It may also be “Zifr"=alluding to the horny matter which, according to Moslem tradition, covered the bodies of “our first parents” and of which after the “original sin” nothing remained but the nails of their fingers and toes.  It was only when this disappeared that they became conscious of their nudity.  So says M. Houdas; but I prefer to consider the word as Zafar=plaited hair.