[FN#454] Normally used for fuel and at times by funny men to be put into sweetmeats by way of practical joke:  these are called “Nukl-i-Pishkil"=goat-dung bonbons.  The tale will remind old Anglo-Indians of the two Bengal officers who were great at such “sells” and who “swopped” a spavined horse for a broken-down “buggy.”

[FN#455] In the text “khanadik,” ditches, trenches; probably (as Mr. Payne suggests) a clerical or typographical error for “Fanadik,” inns or caravanserais; the plural of “Funduk” (Span.  Fonda), for which see vol. viii. 184.

[FN#456] This sentence is supplied by Mr. Payne to remedy the incoherence of the text.  Moslems are bound to see True Believers decently buried and the poor often beg alms for the funeral.  Here the tale resembles the opening of Hajji Baba by Mr. Morier, that admirable picture of Persian manners and morals.

[FN#457] Arab.  “Al-ajr” which has often occurred.

[FN#458] Arab.  “Hanut,” i.e., leaves of the lotus-tree to be infused as a wash for the corpse; camphor used with cotton to close the mouth and other orifices; and, in the case of a wealthy man, rose-water, musk, ambergris, sandal-wood, and lignaloes for fumigation.

[FN#459] Which always begin with four “Takbirs” and differ in many points from the usual orisons.  See Lane (M.  E. chapt. xxviii.) who is, however, very superficial upon an intricate and interesting subject.  He even neglects to mention the number of Ruk’at (bows) usual at Cairo and the absence of prostration (sujud) for which see vol. ii. 10.

[FN#460] Thus requiring all the ablutional offices to be repeated.  The Shaykh, by handling the corpse, became ceremonially impure and required “Wuzu” before he could pray either at home or in the Mosque.

[FN#461] The Shaykh had left it when he went out to perform Wuzu.

[FN#462] Arab.  “Satl"=the Lat. and Etruscan “Situla” and “Situlus,” a water-pot.

[FN#463] Arab.  “Lahd, Luhd,” the niche or cell hollowed out in the side of the oblong trench:  here the corpse is deposited and covered with palm-fronds etc. to prevent the earth touching it.  See my Pilgrimage ii. 304.

[FN#464] For the incredible amount of torture which Eastern obstinacy will sometimes endure, see Al-Mas’udi’s tale of the miserable little old man who stole the ten purses, vol. viii. 153 et seq.

[FN#465] Arab.  “Jaridah” (whence the Jarid-game) a palm-frond stripped of its leaves and used for a host of purposes besides flogging, chairs, sofas, bedsteads, cages, etc. etc.  Tales of heroism in “eating stick” are always highly relished by the lower orders of Egyptians who pride themselves upon preferring the severest bastinado to paying the smallest amount of “rint.”

[FN#466] Arab.  “Nawus,” the hollow tower of masonry with a grating over the central well upon which the Magian corpse is placed to be torn by birds of prey:  it is kept up by the Parsi population of Bombay and is known to Europeans as the “Tower of Silence.”  Nais and Nawus also mean a Pyrethrum, a fire-temple and have a whimsical resemblance to the Greek .