his own objects, as steadily and intrepidly as the most impudent man living, and commonly more so; but then he has art enough to give an outward air of modesty to all he does.  This engages and prevails, while the very same things shock and fail, from the overbearing or impudent manner only of doing them.  I repeat my maxim, ‘Suaviter in modo, sed fortiter in re’.  Would you know the characters, modes and manners of the latter end of the last age, which are very like those of the present, read La Bruyere.  But would you know man, independently of modes, read La Rochefoucault, who, I am afraid, paints him very exactly.

Give the inclosed to Abbe Guasco, of whom you make good use, to go about with you, and see things.  Between you and me, he has more knowledge than parts.  ‘Mais un habile homme sait tirer parti de tout’, and everybody is good for something.  President Montesquieu is, in every sense, a most useful acquaintance.  He has parts, joined to great reading and knowledge of the world.  ‘Puisez dans cette source tant que vous pourrez’.

Adieu.  May the Graces attend you! for without them ‘ogni fatica e vana’.  If they do not come to you willingly, ravish them, and force them to accompany you in all you think, all you say, and all you do.

LETTER CXXXI

London, February 11, O. S. 1751

My dear friend:  When you go to the play, which I hope you do often, for it is a very instructive amusement, you must certainly have observed the very different effects which the several parts have upon you, according as they are well or ill acted.  The very best tragedy of, Corneille’s, if well spoken and acted, interests, engages, agitates, and affects your passions.  Love, terror, and pity alternately possess you.  But, if ill spoken and acted, it would only excite your indignation or your laughter.  Why?  It is still Corneille’s; it is the same sense, the same matter, whether well or ill acted.  It is, then, merely the manner of speaking and acting that makes this great difference in the effects.  Apply this to yourself, and conclude from it, that if you would either please in a private company, or persuade in a public assembly, air, looks, gestures, graces, enunciation, proper accents, just emphasis, and tuneful cadences, are full as necessary as the matter itself.  Let awkward, ungraceful, inelegant, and dull fellows say what they will in behalf of their solid matter and strong reasonings; and let them despise all those graces and ornaments which engage the senses and captivate the heart; they will find (though they will possibly wonder why) that their rough, unpolished matter, and their unadorned, coarse, but strong arguments, will neither please nor persuade; but, on the contrary, will tire out attention, and excite disgust.  We are so made, we love to be pleased better than to be informed; information is, in a certain degree, mortifying, as it implies our previous ignorance; it must be sweetened to be palatable.