on in the same direction.  But the earth was moving under it, and as it rolled from west to east the plane running through the north and south poles was every instant changing.  Thus the pendulum appeared to change its direction, and its deviation was shown on a graduated arc, or by the marks it left in a little heap of sand which it touched as it swung.  This experiment on the great scale has since been repeated on the small scale by the aid of other contrivances.

My thoughts wandered back, naturally enough, to Galileo in the Cathedral at Pisa.  It was the swinging of the suspended lamp in that edifice which set his mind working on the laws which govern the action of the pendulum.  While he was meditating on this physical problem, the priest may have been holding forth on the dangers of meddling with matters settled by Holy Church, who stood ready to enforce her edicts by the logic of the rack and the fagot.  An inference from the above remarks is that what one brings from a church depends very much on what he carries into it.

The next place to visit could be no other than the Cafe Procope.  This famous resort is the most ancient and the most celebrated of all the Parisian cafes.  Voltaire, the poet J. B. Rousseau, Marmontel, Sainte Foix, Saurin, were among its frequenters in the eighteenth century.  It stands in the Rue des Fosses-Saint Germain, now Rue de l’Ancienne Comedie.  Several American students, Bostonians and Philadelphians, myself among the number, used to breakfast at this cafe every morning.  I have no doubt that I met various celebrities there, but I recall only one name which is likely to be known to most or many of my readers.  A delicate-looking man, seated at one of the tables, was pointed out to me as Jouffroy.  If I had known as much about him as I learned afterwards, I should have looked at him with more interest.  He had one of those imaginative natures, tinged by constitutional melancholy and saddened by ill health, which belong to a certain class of poets and sentimental writers, of which Pascal is a good example, and Cowper another.  The world must have seemed very cruel to him.  I remember that when he was a candidate for the Assembly, one of the popular cries, as reported by the newspapers of the time, was A bas le poitrinaire! His malady soon laid him low enough, for he died in 1842, at the age of forty-six.  I must have been very much taken up with my medical studies to have neglected my opportunity of seeing the great statesmen, authors, artists, orators, and men of science outside of the medical profession.  Poisson, Arago, and Jouffroy are all I can distinctly recall, among the Frenchmen of eminence whom I had all around me.

The Cafe Procope has been much altered and improved, and bears an inscription telling the date of its establishment, which was in the year 1689.  I entered the cafe, which was nearly or quite empty, the usual breakfast hour being past.

Garcon!  Une tasse de cafe.