31 Geiger derives both the Arabic words from Syriac terms, and renders elders and clerics, p. 51.  But the root of the Arabic word rendered monk is generally said to be rahaba, to fear.

32 Comp.  Sura [cix.] 1xvi. 2.  The date of verses 89-91 is therefore probably Hej. 7.

33 If you violate it.

34 See verse 4.  Tradition has expanded the word ansab, so as to include all figures, and hence the strict observers of the letter of the Koran forbid the game of chess.  The Persians, however, and Indians generally interpret this verse more liberally.

35 This and the two following verses are placed by the commentators in the year of Hudaibiya, as also 98, 99, 100.

36 That is, Cube-House.  Maison Carrée.  It is also commonly called the Bait Ullah, House of God.  The Caaba is an oblong massive structure 55 ft. in length, 45 in breadth, and the height somewhat greater than the length.  At the S.E. corner is the famous Hajar El-Aswad, or Black Stone, according to Lieut.  Burton, an undoubted aerolite.  It is figured in Mr. Muir’s “Life of Mahomet.”  The Caaba stands in an open parallelogram of about 500 ft. by 530 ft. and is surrounded by colonnades, the pillars of which, made of various marbles, some Egyptian but mostly Meccan, stand in a quadruple row on the east side, and three deep on the other sides, and amount to 554.  It has been rebuilt several times, but has not been materially altered since A.H. 1040.

37 Names given to the sacred animals which were marked and allowed to range for pasture at liberty.  The dedicated mother-camel was the Saiba; the Wasila included also goats or ewes; the eleventh female offspring of the camel was Bahira; the dedicated stallion was Hami.  These forms of superstition grew up, obviously, from a remote period, out of the intense affection of the Bedouin for his flocks, especially his horses and camels.

38 Lit. on you your souls.

39 Lit. upon its face, i.e. according to its plain scope.

40 See Evang.  Infant. c. 1, Invenimus in libro Josephi Pontificis qui vixit tempore Christi, Jesum locutum esse, et quidem cum in cunis jaceret, etc.  The date of verse 108 to the end is uncertain.

41 Precisely the same expression is applied to our Lord in the Arabic Evang.  Infantiæ, c. 36 at the end, which also relates the story of the Birds.

42 Ar.  El-hawariyin, a different word from that used for Jesus, Hud, Saleh, and the other apostles par excellence.  The root of the word is the Æthiopic hawyra, to go, send; hence the Church is called in Æthiopic the Beth chrestyan ant hawariyat, i.e.  Apostolic.  See, however, the note on Thilo’s Cod.  Apoc. p. 152, who derives from the root hur, to be white, pure; hence, friends, helpers.

43 Comp. 1 Cor. xi. 27, sqq.-Muhammad obviously refers to the Eucharist.

44 Thou hast a right to do so as their Lord.