of utterance and ease of manner, encouraged him to proceed.  “How can I, Sir,” said the young orator, recovering himself, “produce a stronger argument in favour of this bill than my own failure?  My fortune, my character, my life, are not at stake.  I am speaking to an audience whose kindness might well inspire me with courage.  And yet, from mere nervousness, from mere want of practice in addressing large assemblies, I have lost my recollection; I am unable to go on with my argument.  How helpless, then, must be a poor man who, never having opened his lips in public, is called upon to reply, without a moment’s preparation, to the ablest and most experienced advocates in the kingdom, and whose faculties are paralysed by the thought that, if he fails to convince his hearers, he will in a few hours die on a gallows, and leave beggary and infamy to those who are dearest to him.”  It may reasonably be suspected that Ashley’s confusion and the ingenious use which he made of it had been carefully premeditated.  His speech, however, made a great impression, and probably raised expectations which were not fulfilled.  His health was delicate; his taste was refined even to fastidiousness; he soon left politics to men whose bodies and minds were of coarser texture than his own, gave himself up to mere intellectual luxury, lost himself in the mazes of the old Academic philosophy, and aspired to the glory of reviving the old Academic eloquence.  His diction, affected and florid, but often singularly beautiful and melodious, fascinated many young enthusiasts.  He had not merely disciples, but worshippers.  His life was short; but he lived long enough to become the founder of a new sect of English freethinkers, diametrically opposed in opinions and feelings to that sect of freethinkers of which Hobbes was the oracle.  During many years the Characteristics continued to be the Gospel of romantic and sentimental unbelievers, while the Gospel of coldblooded and hardheaded unbelievers was the Leviathan.

The bill, so often brought in and so often lost, went through the Commons without a division, and was carried up to the Lords.  It soon came back with the long disputed clause altering the constitution of the Court of the Lord High Steward.  A strong party among the representatives of the people was still unwilling to grant any new privilege to the nobility; but the moment was critical.  The misunderstanding which had arisen beween the Houses touching the Recoinage Bill had produced inconveniences which might well alarm even a bold politician.  It was necessary to purchase concession by concession.  The Commons, by a hundred and ninety-two votes to a hundred and fifty, agreed to the amendment on which the Lords had, during four years, so obstinately insisted; and the Lords in return immediately passed the Recoinage Bill without any amendment.