to sleep in the garrets of the neighbouring town.  Among the murmurers was the brilliant Anthony Hamilton.  He has left us a sketch of the life of Saint Germains, a slight sketch indeed, but not unworthy of the artist to whom we owe the most highly finished and vividly coloured picture of the English Court in the days when the English Court was gayest.  He complains that existence was one round of religious exercises; that, in order to live in peace, it was necessary to pass half the day in devotion or in the outward show of devotion; that, if he tried to dissipate his melancholy by breathing the fresh air of that noble terrace which looks down on the valley of the Seine, he was driven away by the clamour of a Jesuit who had got hold of some unfortunate Protestant royalists from England, and was proving to them that no heretic could go to heaven.  In general, Hamilton said, men suffering under a common calamity have a strong fellow feeling and are disposed to render good offices to each other.  But it was not so at Saint Germains.  There all was discord, jealousy, bitterness of spirit.  Malignity was concealed under the show of friendship and of piety.  All the saints of the royal household were praying for each other and backbiting each other from morning, to night.  Here and there in the throng of hypocrites might be remarked a man too highspirited to dissemble.  But such a man, however advantageously he might have made himself known elsewhere, was certain to be treated with disdain by the inmates of that sullen abode.421

Such was the Court of James, as described by a Roman Catholic.  Yet, however disagreeable that Court may have been to a Roman Catholic, it was infinitely more disagreeable to a Protestant.  For the Protestant had to endure, in addition to all the dulness of which the Roman Catholic complained, a crowd of vexations from which the Roman Catholic was free.  In every competition between a Protestant and a Roman Catholic the Roman Catholic was preferred.  In every quarrel between a Protestant and a Roman Catholic the Roman Catholic was supposed to be in the right.  While the ambitious Protestant looked in vain for promotion, while the dissipated Protestant looked in vain for amusement, the serious Protestant looked in vain for spiritual instruction and consolation.  James might, no doubt, easily have obtained permission for those members of the Church of England who had sacrificed every thing in his cause to meet privately in some modest oratory, and to receive the eucharistic bread and wine from the hands of one of their own clergy; but he did not wish his residence to be defiled by such impious rites.  Doctor Dennis Granville, who had quitted the richest deanery, the richest archdeaconry and one of the richest livings in England, rather than take the oaths, gave mortal offence by asking leave to read prayers to the exiles of his own communion.  His request was refused; and he was so grossly insulted by his master’s chaplains and their retainers