as to see his person from all sides.”  Thus is his protection ensured.  Being a gentleman the king is a cavalier, and he must have a suitable stable,[13] 1,857 horses, 217 vehicles, 1,458 men whom he clothes, the liveries costing 540,000 francs a year; besides these there were 20 tutors and sub-tutors, almoners, professors, cooks, and valets to govern, educate and serve the pages; and again about thirty physicians, apothecaries, nurses for the sick, intendants, treasurers, workmen, and licensed and paid merchants for the accessories of the service; in all more than 1,500 men.  Horses to the amount of 250,000 francs are purchased yearly, and there are stock-stables in Limousin and in Normandy to draw on for supplies. 287 horses are exercised daily in the two riding-halls; there are 443 saddle-horses in the small stable, 437 in the large one, and these are not sufficient for the “vivacity of the service.”  The whole cost 4,600,000 livres in 1775, which sum reaches 6,200,000 livres in 1787.[14] Still another spectacle should be seen with one’s own eyes, — the pages,[15] the grooms, the laced pupils, the silver-button pupils, the boys of the little livery in silk, the instrumentalists and the mounted messengers of the stable.  The use of the horse is a feudal art; no luxury is more natural to a man of quality.  Think of the stables at Chantilly, which are palaces.  To convey an idea of a well-educated and genteel man he was then called an accomplished cavalier;” in fact his importance was fully manifest only when he was in the saddle, on a blood-horse like himself. — Another genteel taste, an effect of the preceding, is the chase.  It costs the king from 1,100,000 to 1,200,000 livres a year, and requires 280 horses besides those of the two stables.  A more varied or more complete equipment could not be imagined:  a pack of hounds for the boar, another for the wolf another for the roe-buck, a cast (of hawks) for the crow, a cast for the magpie, a cast for merlins, a cast for hares, a cast for the fields.  In 1783, 179,194 livres are expended for feeding horses, and 53,412 livres for feeding dogs.[16] The entire territory, ten leagues around Paris, is a game-preserve; “not a gun could be fired there;[17] accordingly the plains are seen covered with partridges accustomed to man, quietly picking up the grain and never stirring as he passes.”  Add to this the princes’ captaincies, extending as far as Villers-Cotterets and Orleans; these form an almost continuous circle around Paris, thirty leagues in circumference, where game, protected, replaced and multiplied, swarms for the pleasure of the king.  The park of Versailles alone forms an enclosure of more than ten leagues.  The forest of Rambouillet embraces 25,000 arpents (30,000 acres).  Herds of seventy-five and eighty stags are encountered around Fontainebleau.  No true hunter could read the minute-book of the chase without feeling an impulse of envy.  The wolf-hounds run twice a week, and they take forty wolves a year.