Such is the renovation, which the feudal régime admits of.  The ancient chieftain can still guarantee his pre-eminence by his services, and remain popular without ceasing to be privileged.  Once a captain in his district and a permanent gendarme, he is to become the resident and beneficent proprietor, the voluntary promoter of useful undertakings, obligatory guardian of the poor, the gratuitous administrator and judge of the canton, the unsalaried deputy of the king, that is to say, a leader and protector as previously, through a new system of patronage accommodated to new circumstances.  Local magistrate and central representative, these are his two principal functions, and, if we extend our observation beyond France we find that he exercises either one or the other, or both together.

Notes: 

[1].  See note 1 at the end of the volume

[2].  One league (lieu) ca. 4 km. (Sr.)

[3].  Suger “Vie de Louis VI.,” chap.  VIII. — Philippe I. became master of the Château de Montlhéry only by marrying one of his sons to the heiress of the fief.  He thus addressed his successor:  “My child, take good care to keep this tower of which the annoyances have made me grow old, and whose frauds and treasons have given me no peace nor rest’.

[4].  Léonce de Lavergne, “Les Assemblées Povinciales,” p. 19. — Consult the official statement of the provincial assemblies, and especially the chapters treating of the vingtièmes (an old tax of one-twentieth on incomes.-Tr.)

[5].  A report made by Treilhard in the name of the ecclesiastic committee, (Moniteur, 19th December, 1789):  The religious establishments for sale in Paris alone were valued at 150 millions.  Later (in the session of the 13th February, 1791), Amelot estimates the property sold and to be sold, not including forests, at 3,700 millions.  M. de Bouillé estimates the revenue of the clergy at 180 millions. (Mémoires, p.44). [French currency is so well known to readers in general it is not deemed necessary to reduce statements of this kind to the English or American standard, except in special cases.-Tr.)

[6] A report by Chasset on Tithes, April, 1790.  Out of 123 millions 23 go for the costs of collection:  but, in estimating the revenue of an individual the sums he pays to his intendants, overseers and cashiers are not deducted. — Talleyrand (October l0, 1789) estimates the revenue of real property at 70 millions and its value at 2,100 millions.  On examination however both capital and revenue are found considerably larger than at first supposed. (Reports of Treilbard and Chasset).  Moreover, in his valuation, Talleyrand left out habitations and their enclosures as well as a reservation of one-fourth of the forests.  Besides this there must be included in the revenue before 1789 the seigniorial rights enjoyed by the Church.  Finally, according to Arthur Young, the rents which the French proprietor