me into the inclosure in front of a most extraordinary object.  It was a Chinaman, wearing a huge, square, wooden frame fastened around his neck like a collar, and fitting so tightly and rigidly that the flesh rose in puffy weals around his cheeks.  He was chained to a post, although it was as impossible for him to have escaped with his wooden cage through the narrow doorway as it was for him to lie down and rest in it.  Yet I am bound to say that his eyes and face expressed nothing but apathy, and there was no appeal to the sympathy of the stranger.  My companion said hurriedly,—­

“Velly bad man; stealee heap from Chinamen,” and then, apparently alarmed at his own indiscreet intrusion, hustled me away as quickly as possible amid a shrill cackling of protestation from a few of his own countrymen who had joined the one who was keeping guard.  In another moment we were in the street again—­scarce a step from the Plaza, in the full light of Western civilization—­not a stone’s throw from the courts of justice.

My companion took to his heels and left me standing there bewildered and indignant.  I could not rest until I had told my story, but without betraying my companion, to an elder acquaintance, who laid the facts before the police authorities.  I had expected to be closely cross-examined—­to be doubted—­to be disbelieved.  To my surprise, I was told that the police had already cognizance of similar cases of illegal and barbarous punishments, but that the victims themselves refused to testify against their countrymen—­and it was impossible to convict or even to identify them.  “A white man can’t tell one Chinese from another, and there are always a dozen of ’em ready to swear that the man you’ve got isn’t the one.”  I was startled to reflect that I, too, could not have conscientiously sworn to either jailor or the tortured prisoner—­or perhaps even to my cheerful companion.  The police, on some pretext, made a raid upon the premises a day or two afterwards, but without result.  I wondered if they had caught sight of the high-class, first-chop individual, with the helplessly outstretched fingers, as that story I had kept to myself.

But these barbaric vestiges in John Chinaman’s habits did not affect his relations with the San Franciscans.  He was singularly peaceful, docile, and harmless as a servant, and, with rare exceptions, honest and temperate.  If he sometimes matched cunning with cunning, it was the flattery of imitation.  He did most of the menial work of San Francisco, and did it cleanly.  Except that he exhaled a peculiar druglike odor, he was not personally offensive in domestic contact, and by virtue of being the recognized laundryman of the whole community his own blouses were always freshly washed and ironed.  His conversational reserve arose, not from his having to deal with an unfamiliar language,—­for he had picked up a picturesque and varied vocabulary with ease,—­but from his natural temperament.  He was devoid of curiosity,