I cannot remember a single instance during my childhood or early boyhood when our entire family sat down to the table together, and God’s blessing was asked, and the family ate a meal in a civilized manner.  On the plantation in Virginia, and even later, meals were gotten by the children very much as dumb animals get theirs.  It was a piece of bread here and a scrap of meat there.  It was a cup of milk at one time and some potatoes at another.  Sometimes a portion of our family would eat out of the skillet or pot, while some one else would eat from a tin plate held on the knees, and often using nothing but the hands with which to hold the food.  When I had grown to sufficient size, I was required to go to the “big house” at meal-times to fan the flies from the table by means of a large set of paper fans operated by a pulley.  Naturally much of the conversation of the white people turned upon the subject of freedom and the war, and I absorbed a good deal of it.  I remember that at one time I saw two of my young mistresses and some lady visitors eating ginger-cakes, in the yard.  At that time those cakes seemed to me to be absolutely the most tempting and desirable things that I had ever seen; and I then and there resolved that, if I ever got free, the height of my ambition would be reached if I could get to the point where I could secure and eat ginger-cakes in the way that I saw those ladies doing.

Of course as the war was prolonged the white people, in many cases, often found it difficult to secure food for themselves.  I think the slaves felt the deprivation less than the whites, because the usual diet for slaves was corn bread and pork, and these could be raised on the plantation; but coffee, tea, sugar, and other articles which the whites had been accustomed to use could not be raised on the plantation, and the conditions brought about by the war frequently made it impossible to secure these things.  The whites were often in great straits.  Parched corn was used for coffee, and a kind of black molasses was used instead of sugar.  Many times nothing was used to sweeten the so-called tea and coffee.

The first pair of shoes that I recall wearing were wooden ones.  They had rough leather on the top, but the bottoms, which were about an inch thick, were of wood.  When I walked they made a fearful noise, and besides this they were very inconvenient, since there was no yielding to the natural pressure of the foot.  In wearing them one presented and exceedingly awkward appearance.  The most trying ordeal that I was forced to endure as a slave boy, however, was the wearing of a flax shirt.  In the portion of Virginia where I lived it was common to use flax as part of the clothing for the slaves.  That part of the flax from which our clothing was made was largely the refuse, which of course was the cheapest and roughest part.  I can scarcely imagine any torture, except, perhaps, the pulling of a tooth, that is equal to that caused by putting on a new flax shirt for the first