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Table of Contents | |
Section | Page |
Start of eBook | 1 |
Title: Roget’s Thesaurus | 1 |
Author: Peter Mark Roget
Release Date: December, 1991 [EBook #22]
[Most recently updated: January 5, 2004]
Edition: 15a
Language: English
Character set encoding: Us-ASCII
*** Start of the project gutenberg EBOOK, Roget’s thesaurus ***
This is the Project Gutenberg Etext of Roget’s Thesaurus No. Two It has not been compared with the roget13.txt so keep both!! This edition should be labeled roget15a.txt or roget15a.zip
*********************************************************
****************
** Thesaurus-1911
** ** Version 1.02
(supplemented: July 18, 1991) **
************************************************************
*************
<— An electronic thesaurus derived from
the version of Roget’s Thesaurus published in
1911.
This thesaurus has been
prepared by micra, Inc. (May 1991).
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
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Micra, Inc. makes
no representation that the original 1911 printed
work on which this is based is now in the public domain
in any particular country. However, micra,
Inc. makes no proprietary claims regarding this electronic
version of the 1911 thesaurus. If the 1911 work
is currently public domain, this electronic version
can also be treated as public domain.
If any commercial use
is made of this work prior to January 1, 1993,
it is suggested that an appropriate donation be made
to micra, Inc. to assist in preparing other such
texts which may be useful. =-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
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Note that this version of Thesaurus-1911 has
been supplemented with over 1,000 words not present
in the original 1911 edition, but many modern words
are still missing. About 1500 verbs (out of 6500)
which can be found in an 80,000-word spell-checker
are absent from this work. The deficiency of
nouns is probably much worse, especially on technical
topics. Of 40,000 unique words contained in
the original text, 12,000 are not recognized by a
spell-checker. Most of these are foreign words
(primarily Latin), and many are obsolete. In
this version, these words are marked as such by comments
in square brackets. Although this version has
been proof-read, there are doubtless numerous residual
transcription errors, some of which may be obvious
even without reference to the original text.
We will be grateful if any of these are brought to
our attention; the corrections will appear in subsequent
versions.
The original arrangement
has also been modified slightly in several
places, in particular by splitting one entry into
two. A version of the 1911 thesaurus which is
almost identical to the original (only a small number
of additions to the original work) has also been prepared
by micra, Inc., and also carries no restrictions
from micra. Copies of that version or this
one may be purchased for $40.00 from micra, Inc.,
or from the Austin Code Works, Austin Texas.
In this file, comments
which are not a proper part of the thesaurus
itself are contained within arrow brackets thus:
<— comment —>.
Section headings, which
are not an actual part of the thesaurus
proper, are included between percent (%) markers.
Occasional references
to numbers starting with “@” are the embryonic
beginnings of a reorganized version, mentioned below.
A few comments are also included within curly brackets
{}.
Last edit 12-20-91.
============================================
The following additional differences will
be noted between this version
and the original edition of the printed 1911 thesaurus:
(1) the space-saving abbreviations in
the original, using hyphens to
represent common
words, prefixes or suffixes, have been expanded
into the full
words or phrases.
(2) the side-by-side format for words
and their opposites has been
abandoned.
Words are listed in order of their entry number.
(3) each main entry (1035 entries) has
a pound sign “#” in front of
the number to
facilitate computerized search.
(4) Greek words and phrases are transliterated
and included between
brackets in the
format gr/greek word/gr.
(5) where italics occurred in the original,
italics are used in the
Microsoft Word
format file. In the plain ASCII file, this
formatting is
lost.
(6) in the original book, words which
were obsolete (in 1911) were
marked with a
dagger. In this version, those words are marked
with a
vertical bar ("|").
Some of the words
which were still current in 1911, but are no longer
found in a current
college-size dictionary (presently obsolete words),
or which are no
longer used in the specific indicated sense, have been
marked with a
bar followed by an exclamation point “|!”.
However,
this marking process
has just commenced, and only a small portion of
the words which
are now obsolete have been thus marked. Most
though
not all of the
foreign-language phrases are now obsolete.
The “obsolete”
notation [obs3] indicates that the previous word (or
some word in the
previous phrase) is not recognized by the word
processor’s
spelling checker, and also is either not in a
modern
college-sized
dictionary, or is noted there as being “Archaic”.
(7) the approximate location of the bottom
of each page in the original
1911 printed book
is indicated by a comment of the form:
<—
p. 23 —>. To search for a page, note
that there are two spaces
between the “p.”
and the page number.
(8) This file contains only the main body
of the thesaurus. Neither
outline nor index
are contained here. The outline with an overview
of the organization
of the concepts is contained in a separate file,
“outline.doc”,
on the distribution disk.
This first edition of
this supplemented 1911 thesaurus (June 1991) is
very much less complete than the latest editions of
commercial thesauri, and is probably not suitable
for use as an adjunct to word-processing programs,
but it has no proprietary claims attached to it by
micra, Inc., and does not contain any material
published commercially after 1911.
Future (copyrighted)
versions of this thesaurus are planned, which
will be reorganized in a hierarchical fashion to maximize
the ability to take advantage of inheritance of semantic
characteristics from higher categories. The
objective is to create a database of words organized
by semantic categories, suitable for use in natural-language
understanding programs. This is a very small-scale
project, which will not be competitive with large
academic or commercial efforts such as the CYC project,
but is intended to provide a convenient resource for
experimentation in natural-language processing for
individuals or small groups. Anyone who is currently
engaged in or contemplating a similar thesaurus or
dictionary project, who would be willing to collaborate
on this project, is encouraged to contact us, so that
unnecessary duplication of effort can be avoided.
We would also appreciate being notified of typos,
errors, or omissions in any version. Send inquiries
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Patrick Cassidy micra Inc. 735 Belvidere Ave. Plainfield, NJ 07062-2054
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============================================================
==============
—>
%
Thesaurus
of English words and phrases
ClassI
words
expressing abstract relations
Section I. Existence
1. Being, in the abstract %
#1. Existence.—
N. existence, being, entity, ens[Lat], esse[Lat],
subsistence.
reality, actuality;
positiveness &c. adj.; fact, matter of fact, sober
reality; truth &c. 494; actual existence.
presence &c. (existence
in space) 186; coexistence &c. 120.
stubborn fact, hard
fact; not a dream &c. 515; no joke.
center of life, essence,
inmost nature, inner reality, vital
principle.
[Science of existence],
ontology.
V. exist, be; have being
&c. n.; subsist, live, breathe, stand,
obtain, be the case; occur &c. (event) 151; have place,
prevail; find oneself, pass the time, vegetate.
consist in, lie in;
be comprised in, be contained in, be constituted
by.
come into existence
&c. n.; arise &c. (begin) 66; come forth &c.
(appear) 446.
become &c. (be converted)
144; bring into existence &c. 161.
#2. Inexistence.—
N. inexistence[obs3]; nonexistence, nonsubsistence;
nonentity, nil; negativeness &c. adj.; nullity; nihility[obs3],
nihilism; tabula rasa[Lat], blank; abeyance; absence
&c. 187; no such thing &c. 4; nonbeing, nothingness,
oblivion.
annihilation; extinction
&c. (destruction) 162; extinguishment,
extirpation, Nirvana, obliteration.
V. not exist &c. 1;
have no existence &c. 1; be null and void; cease
to exist &c. 1; pass away, perish; be extinct, become
extinct &c. adj.; die out; disappear &c. 449; melt
away, dissolve, leave not a rack behind; go, be no
more; die &c. 360.
annihilate, render null,
nullify; abrogate &c. 756; destroy &c. 162;
take away; remove &c. (displace) 185; obliterate,
extirpate.
Adj. inexistent[obs3],
nonexistent &c. 1; negative, blank; missing,
omitted; absent &c. 187; insubstantial, shadowy, spectral,
visionary.
unreal, potential, virtual;
baseless, in nubibus[Lat]; unsubstantial
&c. 4; vain.
unborn, uncreated[obs3],
unbegotten, unconceived, unproduced, unmade.
perished, annihilated,
&c. v.; extinct, exhausted, gone, lost,
vanished, departed, gone with the wind; defunct &c.
(dead) 360.
fabulous, ideal &c.
(imaginary) 515, supposititious &c. 514.
Adv. negatively, virtually
&c. adj.
Phr. non ens[Lat].
<— p. 1 —>
% 2. Being, in the concrete %
#3. Substantiality.
— N. substantiality, hypostasis; person,
being,
thing, object, article, item; something, a being,
an existence; creature, body, substance, flesh and
blood, stuff, substratum; matter &c. 316; corporeity[obs3],
element, essential nature, groundwork, materiality,
substantialness, vital part.
[Totality of existences],
world &c. 318; plenum.
Adj. substantive, substantial;
hypostatic; personal, bodily, tangible
&c. (material) 316; corporeal.
Adv. substantially &c.
adj.; bodily, essentially.
#4. Unsubstantiality.
— N. unsubstantiality[obs3], insubstantiality;
nothingness, nihility[obs3]; no degree, no part, no
quantity, no thing.
nothing, naught, nil,
nullity, zero, cipher, no one, nobody; never a
one, ne’er a one[contr]; no such thing, none
in the world; nothing whatever, nothing at all, nothing
on earth; not a particle &c. (smallness) 32; all talk,
moonshine, stuff and nonsense; matter of no importance,
matter of no consequence, thing of naught, man of straw,
John Doe and Richard Roe, faggot voter; nominis umbra[Lat],
nonentity; flash in the pan, vox et praeterea nihil[Lat].
shadow; phantom &c.(fallacy
of vision) 443; dream &c. (imagination)
515; ignis fatuus &c. (luminary) 423[Lat]; “such
stuff as dreams are made of” [Tempest]; air,
thin air, vapor; bubble &c. 353; “baseless fabric
of a vision” [Tempest]; mockery.
hollowness, blank; void
&c. (absence) 187.
inanity, fool’s
paradise.
V. vanish, evaporate,
fade, dissolve, melt away; disappear &c. 449.
Adj. unsubstantial;
baseless, groundless; ungrounded; without
foundation, having no foundation.
visionary &c. (imaginary)
515; immaterial &c. 137; spectral &c. 980;
dreamy; shadowy; ethereal, airy; cloud built, cloud
formed; gossamery, illusory, insubstantial, unreal.
vacant, vacuous; empty
&c. 187; eviscerated; blank, hollow; nominal;
null; inane.
Phr. there’s nothing
in it; “an ocean of dreams without a sound”
[Shelley].
% 3. Formal existence
Internal conditions
%
#5. Intrinsicality.—
N. intrinsicality[obs3], inbeing[obs3],
inherence, inhesion[obs3]; subjectiveness; ego; egohood[obs3];
essence, noumenon; essentialness[obs3] &c. adj.; essential
part, quintessence, incarnation, quiddity, gist, pith,
marrow, core, sap, lifeblood, backbone, heart, soul;
important part &c. (importance) 642.
principle, nature, constitution,
character, type, quality,
crasis[obs3], diathesis[obs3].
habit; temper, temperament;
spirit, humor, grain; disposition.
endowment, capacity;
capability &c. (power) 157.
moods, declensions,
features, aspects; peculiarities &c. (speciality)
79; idiosyncrasy, oddity; idiocrasy &c. (tendency)
176[obs3]; diagnostics.
V. be in the blood,
run in the blood; be born so; be intrinsic &c.
adj.
Adj. derived from within,
subjective; intrinsic, intrinsical[obs3];
fundamental, normal; implanted, inherent, essential,
natural; innate, inborn, inbred, ingrained, inwrought;
coeval with birth, genetous[obs3], haematobious[obs3],
syngenic[obs3]; radical, incarnate, thoroughbred,
hereditary, inherited, immanent; congenital, congenite|;
connate, running in the blood; ingenerate[obs3], ingenite|;
indigenous; in the grain &c. n.; bred in the bone,
instinctive; inward, internal &c. 221; to the manner
born; virtual.
characteristic &c. (special)
% External conditions %
#6. Extrinsicality.—
N. extrinsicality[obs3], objectiveness, non ego;
extraneousness &c. 57; accident; appearance, phenomenon
&c. 448.
Adj. derived from without;
objective; extrinsic, extrinsical[obs3];
extraneous &c. (foreign) 57; modal, adventitious;
ascititious[obs3], adscititious[obs3]; incidental,
accidental, nonessential; contingent, fortuitous.
implanted, ingrafted[obs3];
inculcated, infused.
outward, apparent &c.
(external) 220.
Adv. extrinsically &c.
adj.
<— p. 2 —>
% 4. Modal existence
Absolute
%
#7. State. —
N. state, condition, category, estate, lot, ease, trim,
mood, pickle, plight, temper; aspect &c. (appearance)
448, dilemma, pass, predicament.
constitution, habitude,
diathesis[obs3]; frame, fabric &c. 329; stamp,
set, fit, mold, mould.
mode, modality, schesis[obs3];
form &c. (shape) 240.
tone, tenor, turn; trim,
guise, fashion, light, complexion, style,
character.
V. be in a state, possess
a state, enjoy a state, labor under a state
&c. n.; be on a footing, do, fare; come to pass.
Adj. conditional, modal,
formal; structural, organic.
Adv. conditionally &c.
adj.; as the matter stands, as things are; such
being the case &c. 8.
% Relative %
#8. Circumstance.
— N. circumstance, situation, phase, position,
posture, attitude, place, point; terms; regime; footing,
standing, status.
occasion, juncture,
conjunctive; contingency &c. (event) 151.
predicament; emergence,
emergency; exigency, crisis, pinch, pass,
push; occurrence; turning point.
bearings, how the land
lies.
surroundings, context,
environment 229a[te 232]; location 184.
contingency, dependence
(uncertainty) 475; causation 153, attribution
155.
Adj. circumstantial;
given, conditional, provisional; critical; modal;
contingent, incidental; adventitious &c. (extrinsic)
6; limitative[obs3].
Adv. in the circumstances,
under the circumstances &c. n., the
circumstances, conditions &c. 7; thus, in such wise.
accordingly; that being
the case, such being the case, in view of the
circumstances; that being so, sith[obs3], since, seeing
that.
as matters stand; as
things go, as times go.
conditionally, provided,
if, in case; if so, if so be, if it be so;
<— p. 3 —>
% Section ii. Relation
1. Absolute relation %
#9. Relation. —
N. relation, bearing, reference, connection,
concern, cognation; correlation &c. 12; analogy; similarity
&c. 17; affinity, homology, alliance, homogeneity,
association; approximation &c. (nearness) 197; filiation
&c. (consanguinity) 11[obs3]; interest; relevancy
&c. 23; dependency, relationship, relative position.
comparison &c. 464;
ratio, proportion.
link, tie, bond of union.
V. be related &c. adj.;
have a relation &c. n.; relate to, refer to;
bear upon, regard, concern, touch, affect, have to
do with; pertain to, belong to, appertain to; answer
to; interest.
bring into relation
with, bring to bear upon; connect, associate, draw
a parallel; link &c. 43.
Adj. relative; correlative
&c. 12; cognate; relating to &c. v.;
relative to, in relation with, referable or referrible
to[obs3]; belonging to &c. v.; appurtenant to, in
common with.
related, connected;
implicated, associated, affiliated, allied to; en
rapport, in touch with.
approximative[obs3],
approximating; proportional, proportionate,
proportionable; allusive, comparable.
in the same category
&c. 75; like &c. 17; relevant &c. (apt) 23;
applicable, equiparant[obs3].
Adv. relatively &c.
adj.; pertinently &c. 23.
thereof; as to, as for,
as respects, as regards; about; concerning &c.
v.; anent; relating to, as relates to; with relation,
with reference to, with respect to, with regard to;
in respect of; while speaking of, a propos of[Fr];
in connection with; by the way, by the by; whereas;
for as much as, in as much as; in point of, as far
as; on the part of, on the score of; quoad hoc[Lat];
pro re nata[Lat]; under the head of &c. (class) 75
of; in the matter of, in re.
Phr. “thereby
hangs a tale” [Taming of the Shrew].
#10. [Want, or absence
of relation.] Irrelation. — N.
irrelation[obs3], dissociation; misrelation[obs3];
inapplicability; inconnection[obs3]; multifariousness;
disconnection &c. (disjunction) 44; inconsequence,
independence; incommensurability; irreconcilableness
&c. (disagreement) 24; heterogeneity; unconformity
&c. 83; irrelevancy, impertinence, nihil ad rem[Lat];
intrusion &c. 24; non-pertinence.
V. have no relation
to &c. 9; have no bearing upon, have no concern
with &c. 9, have no business with; not concern &c.
#11. [Relations of kindred.]
Consanguinity. — N. consanguinity,
relationship, kindred, blood; parentage &c. (paternity)
166; filiation[obs3], affiliation; lineage, agnation[obs3],
connection, alliance; family connection, family tie;
ties of blood; nepotism.
kinsman, kinfolk; kith
and kin; relation, relative; connection;
sibling, sib; next of kin; uncle, aunt, nephew, niece;
cousin, cousin-german[obs3]; first cousin, second
cousin; cousin once removed, cousin twice &c. removed;
near relation, distant relation; brother, sister,
one’s own flesh and blood.
family, fraternity;
brotherhood, sisterhood, cousinhood[obs3].
race, stock, generation; sept &c. 166; stirps, side;
strain; breed, clan, tribe, nation.
V. be related to &c.
adj. claim relationship with &c. n. with.
Adj. related, akin,
consanguineous, of the blood, family, allied,
collateral; cognate, agnate, connate; kindred; affiliated;
fraternal.
<— p. 4 —>
intimately related, nearly related, closely related, remotely related, distantly related, allied; german.
#12. [Double or reciprocal
relation.] Correlation. — N.
reciprocalness &c. adj[obs3].; reciprocity, reciprocation;
mutuality, correlation, interdependence, interrelation,
connection, link, association; interchange &c. 148;
exchange, barter.
reciprocator, reprocitist.
V. reciprocate, alternate;
interchange &c. 148; exchange;
counterchange[obs3].
Adj. reciprocal, mutual,
commutual[obs3], correlative, reciprocative,
interrelated, closely related; alternate; interchangeable;
interdependent; international; complemental, complementary.
Adv. mutually, mutatis
mutandis[Lat]; vice versa; each other, one
another; by turns &c. 148; reciprocally &c. adj.
Phr. “happy in
our mutual help” [Milton].
#13. Identity.
— N. identity, sameness; coincidence, coalescence;
convertibility; equality &c. 27; selfness[obs3], self,
oneself; identification.
monotony, tautology
&c. (repetition) 104.
facsimile &c. (copy)
21; homoousia; alter ego &c. (similar) 17[obs3];
ipsissima verba &c. (exactness) 494[Lat]; same; self,
very, one and the same; very thing, actual thing;
real McCoy; no other; one and only; in the flesh.
V. be identical &c.
adj.; coincide, coalesce, merge.
treat as the same, render
the same, identical; identify; recognize
the identity of.
Adj. identical; self,
ilk; the same &c. n. selfsame, one and the same,
homoousian[obs3].
coincide, coalescent,
coalescing; indistinguishable; one; equivalent
&c. (equal) 27; tweedle dee and tweedle dum[Lat];
much the same, of a muchness[obs3]; unaltered.
Adv. identically &c. adj.; on all fours.
#14. [Noncoincidence.]
Contrariety.— N. contrariety, contrast,
foil,
antithesis, oppositeness; contradiction; antagonism
&c. (opposition) 708; clashing, repugnance.
inversion &c. 218; the
opposite, the reverse, the inverse, the
converse, the antipodes, the antithesis, the other
extreme. V. be contrary &c. adj.; contrast with,
oppose; diller toto coelo[Lat].
invert, reverse, turn
the tables; turn topsy-turvy, turn end for end,
turn upside down, turn inside out.
contradict, contravene;
antagonize &c. 708.
Adj. contrary, contrarious[obs3],
contrariant[obs3]; opposite,
counter, dead against; converse, reverse; opposed,
antithetical, contrasted, antipodean, antagonistic,
opposing; conflicting, inconsistent, contradictory,
at cross purposes; negative; hostile &c. 703. differing
toto coelo[Lat]; diametrically opposite; diametrically
opposed; as opposite as black and white, as opposite
as light and darkness, as opposite as fire and water,
as opposite as the poles; as different as night and
day; “Hyperion to a satyr"[ Hamlet]; quite the
contrary, quite the reverse; no such thing, just the
other way, tout au contraire[Fr]. Adv. contrarily
&c. adj.; contra, contrariwise, per contra, on the
contrary, nay rather; vice versa; on the other hand
&c. (in compensation) 30.
Phr. “all concord’s
born of contraries” [B. Jonson]. Thesis,
antithesis, synthesis [Marx].
#15. Difference.
— N. difference; variance, variation, variety;
diversity, dissimilarity &c. 18; disagreement &c.
24; disparity &c. (inequality) 28; distinction, contradistinction;
alteration. modification, permutation, moods and tenses.
nice distinction, fine
distinction, delicate distinction, subtle
distinction; shade of difference, nuance; discrimination
&c. 465; differentia.
different thing, something
else, apple off another tree, another pair
of shoes; horse of a different color; this that or
the other.
V. be different &c.
adj.; differ, vary, ablude|, mismatch, contrast;
<— p. 5 —>
% 2. Continuous relation %
#16. Uniformity.
— N. uniformity; homogeneity, homogeneousness;
consistency; connaturality[obs3], connaturalness[obs3];
homology; accordance; conformity &c. 82; agreement
&c. 23; consonance, uniformness. regularity, constancy,
even tenor, routine; monotony.
V. be uniform &c. adj.;
accord with &c. 23; run through.
become uniform &c. adj.; conform to &c. 82.
render uniform, homogenize
&c. adj.; assimilate, level, smooth, dress.
Adj. uniform; homogeneous,
homologous; of a piece[Fr], consistent,
connatural[obs3]; monotonous, even, invariable; regular,
unchanged, undeviating, unvaried, unvarying.
unsegmented.
Adv. uniformly &c. adj.;
uniformly with &c. (conformably) 82; in
harmony with &c. (agreeing) 23.
always, invariably,
without exception, without fail, unfailingly,
never otherwise; by clockwork. Phr. ab uno disce
omnes[Lat].
#16a. [Absence or want
of uniformity.] Nonuniformity. — N. diversity,
irregularity, unevenness; multiformity &c. 81; unconformity
&c. 83; roughness &c. 256; dissimilarity, dissimilitude,
divarication, divergence.
Adj. diversified varied,
irregular, uneven, rough &c. 256;
multifarious; multiform &c. 81; of various kinds;
all manner of, all sorts of, all kinds of.
Adv. variously, in all
manner of ways, here there and everywhere.
%
3. Partial
relation
%
#17. Similarity.
— N. similarity, resemblance, likeness,
similitude,
semblance; affinity, approximation, parallelism; agreement
&c. 23; analogy, analogicalness[obs3]; correspondence,
homoiousia[obs3], parity.
connaturalness[obs3],
connaturality[obs3]; brotherhood, family
likeness.
alliteration, rhyme,
pun.
repetition &c. 104;
sameness &c. (identity) 13; uniformity &c. 16;
isogamy[obs3].
analogue; the like;
match, pendant, fellow companion, pair, mate,
twin, double, counterpart, brother, sister; one’s
second self, alter ego, chip of the old block, par
nobile fratrum[Lat], Arcades ambo[obs3], birds of
a feather, et hoc genus omne[Lat]; gens de meme famille[Fr].
parallel; simile; type
&c. (metaphor) 521; image &c. (representation)
<— p. 6 —>
#18. Dissimilarity.
— N. dissimilarity, dissimilaritude[obs3];
unlikeness, diversity, disparity, dissemblance[obs3];
divergence, variation.; difference &c. 15; novelty,
originality; creativeness; oogamy[obs3].
V. be unlike &c. adj.;
vary &c. (differ) 15; bear no resemblance to,
differ toto coelo[Lat].
render unlike &c. adj.;
vary &c. (diversify) 140.
Adj. dissimilar, unlike,
disparate; divergent; of a different kind &c.
(class) 75 unmatched, unique; new, novel; unprecedented
&c. 83; original.
nothing of the kind;
no such thing, quite another thing; far from it,
cast in a different mold, tertium quid[Lat], as like
a dock as a daisy, “very like a whale”
[Hamlet]; as different as chalk from cheese, as different
as Macedon and Monmouth; lucus a non lucendo[Lat].
diversified &c. 16a.
Adv. otherwise.
Phr. diis aliter visum[Lat];
“no more like my father than I to
Hercules” [Hamlet].
#19. Imitation.
— N. imitation; copying &c. v.; transcription;
repetition, duplication, reduplication; quotation;
reproduction; mimeograph, xerox, facsimile; reprint,
offprint.
mockery, mimicry; simulation,
impersonation, personation;
representation &c. 554; semblance; copy &c. 21; assimilation.
paraphrase, parody,
take-off, lampoon, caricature &c. 21.
plagiarism; forgery,
counterfeit &c. (falsehood) 544; celluloid.
imitator, echo, cuckoo|,
parrot, ape, monkey, mocking bird, mime;
Adv. literally, to the letter, verbatim, literatim[Lat], sic, totidem verbis[Lat], word for word, mot a mot[Fr]; exactly, precisely.
Phr. like master like man; “like — but oh! how different!” [Wordsworth]; “genius borrows nobly” [Emerson]; “pursuing echoes calling ’mong the rocks” [A. Coles]; “quotation confesses inferiority” [Emerson]; “Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery”.
#20. Nonimitation.
— N. no imitation; originality; creativeness.
invention, creation.
Adj. unimitated[obs3],
uncopied[obs3]; unmatched, unparalleled;
inimitable &c. 13; unique, original; creative, inventive,
untranslated; exceptional, rare, sui generis uncommon[Lat],
unexampled.
#20a. Variation. — N. variation; alteration &c. (change) 140. modification, moods and tenses; discrepance[obs3], discrepancy. divergency &c. 291[obs3]; deviation &c. 279; aberration; innovation. V. vary &c. (change) 140; deviate &c. 279; diverge &c. 291; alternate, swerve. Adj. varied &c. v.; modified; diversified &c. 16a.
#21. [Result of imitation.]
Copy. — N. copy, facsimile, counterpart,
effigies, effigy, form, likeness.
image, picture, photo,
xerox, similitude, semblance, ectype[obs3],
photo offset, electrotype; imitation &c. 19; model,
representation, adumbration, study; portrait &c. (representation)
554; resemblance.
duplicate, reproduction;
cast, tracing; reflex, reflexion[Brit],
reflection; shadow, echo.
transcript[copy
into a non-visual form], transcription; recording,
scan.
chip off the old block;
reprint, new printing; rechauffe[Fr];
apograph[obs3], fair copy.
parody, caricature,
burlesque, travesty, travestie[obs3], paraphrase.
[copy with some differences]
derivative, derivation, modification,
expansion, extension, revision; second edition &c.
(repetition) 104.
servile copy, servile
imitation; plagiarism, counterfeit, fake
&c.(deception) 545; pasticcio[obs3].
Adj. faithful; lifelike
&c. (similar) 17; close, conscientious.
unoriginal, imitative,
derivative.
#22. [Thing copied.]
Prototype. — N. prototype, original, model,
pattern, precedent, standard, ideal, reference, scantling,
type; archetype, antitype[obs3]; protoplast, module,
exemplar, example, ensample[obs3], paradigm; lay-figure.
text, copy, design;
fugleman[obs3], keynote; die, mold; matrix, last,
plasm[obs3]; proplasm[obs3], protoplasm; mint; seal,
punch, intaglio, negative; stamp.
V. be an example, be
a role model, set an example; set a copy. Phr.
a
precedent embalms a principle [Disraeli]; exempla
sunt odiosa[Lat].
<— p. 7 —>
%
4. General
relation
%
#23. Agreement.
— N. agreement; accord, accordance; unison,
harmony;
concord &c. 714; concordance, concert; understanding,
mutual understanding.
conformity &c. 82; conformance;
uniformity &c. 16; consonance,
consentaneousness[obs3], consistency; congruity, congruence;
keeping; congeniality; correspondence, parallelism,
apposition, union.
fitness, aptness &c.
adj.; relevancy; pertinence, pertinencey[obs3];
sortance|; case in point; aptitude, coaptation[obs3],
propriety, applicability, admissibility, commensurability,
compatibility; cognation &c. (relation) 9.
adaption[obs3], adjustment,
graduation, accommodation; reconciliation,
reconcilement; assimilation.
consent &c. (assent)
488; concurrence &c. 178; cooperation &c. 709.
right man in the right
place, very thing; quite the thing, just the
thing.
V. be accordant &c.
adj.; agree, accord, harmonize; correspond, tally,
respond; meet, suit, fit, befit, do, adapt itself
to; fall in with, chime in with, square with, quadrate
with, consort with, comport with; dovetail, assimilate;
fit like a glove, fit to a tittle, fit to a T; match
&c. 17; become one; homologate[obs3].
consent &c. (assent)
488.
render accordant &c.
adj.; fit, suit, adapt, accommodate; graduate;
adjust &c. (render, equal) 27; dress, regulate, readjust;
accord, harmonize,. reconcile; fadge[obs3], dovetail,
square.
Adj. agreeing, suiting
&c. v.; in accord, accordant, concordant,
consonant, congruous, consentaneous[obs3], correspondent,
congenial; coherent; becoming; harmonious reconcilable,
conformable; in accordance with, in harmony with,
in keeping with, in unison with, &c. n.; at one with,
of one mind, of a piece[Fr]; consistent, compatible,
proportionate; commensurate; on all fours.
apt, apposite, pertinent,
pat; to the point, to the purpose; happy,
felicitous, germane, ad rem[Lat], in point, on point,
directly on point, bearing upon, applicable, relevant,
admissible.
fit adapted, in loco,
a propos[Fr], appropriate, seasonable, sortable,
suitable, idoneous[obs3], deft; meet &c. (expedient)
646.
at home, in one’s
proper element.
Adv. a propos of[Fr];
pertinently &c. adj.
Phr. rem acu tetigisti[Lat][obs3];
if the shoe fits, wear it; the cap
fits; auxilia humilia firma consensus facit [Lat][Syrus];
discers concordia [Lat][Ovid].
<— p. 8 —>
#24. Disagreement.
— N. disagreement; discord, discordance;
dissonance, dissidence, discrepancy; unconformity
&c. 83; incongruity, incongruence[obs3]; discongruity[obs3],
mesalliance; jarring &c. v.; dissension &c. 713; conflict
&c. (opposition) 708; bickering, clashing, misunderstanding,
wrangle.
disparity, mismatch,
disproportion; dissimilitude, inequality;
disproportionateness &c. adj[obs3].; variance, divergence,
repugnance.
unfitness &c. adj.;
inaptitude, impropriety; inapplicability &c. adj.;
inconsistency, inconcinnity[obs3]; irrelevancy &c.
(irrelation) 10[obs3].
misjoining[obs3], misjoinder[obs3];
syncretism[obs3], intrusion,
interference; concordia discors[Lat].
fish out of water.
V. disagree; clash,
jar &c. (discord) 713; interfere, intrude, come
amiss; not concern &c. 10; mismatch; humano capiti
cervicem jungere equinam[Lat].
Adj. disagreeing &c.
v.; discordant, discrepant; at variance, at war;
hostile, antagonistic, repugnant, incompatible, irreconcilable,
inconsistent with; unconformable, exceptional &c. 83;
intrusive, incongruous; disproportionate, disproportionated[obs3];
inharmonious, unharmonious[obs3]; inconsonant, unconsonant[obs3];
divergent, repugnant to.
inapt, unapt, inappropriate,
improper; unsuited, unsuitable;
inapplicable, not to the point; unfit, unfitting,
unbefitting; unbecoming; ill-timed, unseasonable,
mal a propos[Fr], inadmissible; inapposite &c. (irrelevant)
10. uncongenial; ill-assorted, ill-sorted; mismatched,
misjoined[obs3], misplaced, misclassified; unaccommodating,
irreducible, incommensurable, uncommensurable[obs3];
unsympathetic.
out of character, out
of keeping, out of proportion, out of joint,
out of tune, out of place, out of season, out of
its element; at odds with, at variance with.
Adv. in defiance, in
contempt, in spite of; discordantly &c. adj.; a
tort et a travers[obs3].
Phr. asinus ad lyram[Lat].
% Section iii. Quantity
1. Simple quantity %
#25. [Absolute quantity.]
Quantity. — N. quantity, magnitude; size
&c. (dimensions) 192; amplitude, magnitude, mass,
amount, sum, quantum, measure, substance, strength,
force.
[Science of quantity.]
mathematics, mathesis[obs3].
[Logic.] category, general
conception, universal predicament.
[Definite or finite
quantity.] armful, handful, mouthful, spoonful,
capful; stock, batch, lot, dose; yaffle[obs3].
V. quantify, measure,
fix, estimate, determine, quantitate, enumerate.
Adj. quantitative, some,
any, aught, more or less, a few.
Adv. to the tune of,
all of, a full, the sum of, fully, exactly,
precisely.
#26. [Relative quantity.]
Degree. — N. degree, grade, extent,
measure, amount, ratio, stint, standard, height, pitch;
reach, amplitude, range, scope, caliber; gradation,
shade; tenor, compass; sphere, station, rank, standing;
rate, way, sort.
point, mark, stage &c.
(term) 71; intensity, strength &c. (greatness)
31.
Adj. comparative; gradual,
shading off; within the bounds &c. (limit)
233.
Adv. by degrees, gradually,
inasmuch, pro tanto[It]; however,
howsoever; step by step, bit by bit, little by little,
inch by inch, drop by drop; a little at a time, by
inches, by slow degrees, by degrees, by little and
little; in some degree, in some measure; to some extent;
di grado in grado[Lat].
% 2. Comparative quantity %
#27. [Sameness of quantity
or degree.] Equality. — N. equality,
parity, coextension[obs3], symmetry, balance, poise;
evenness, monotony, level.
equivalence; equipollence[obs3],
equipoise, equilibrium,
equiponderance[obs3]; par, quits, a wash; not a pin
to choose; distinction without a difference, six of
one and half a dozen of the other; tweedle dee and
tweedle dum[Lat]; identity &c. 13; similarity &c. 17.
equalization, equation;
equilibration, co*ordination, adjustment,
readjustment; drawn game, drawn battle; neck and neck
race; tie, draw, standoff, dead heat.
match, peer, compeer,
equal, mate, fellow, brother; equivalent.
V. be equal &c. adj.;
equal, match, reach, keep pace with, run
abreast; come to, amount to, come up to; be on a level
with, lie on a level with; balance; cope with; come
to the same thing.
render equal &c. adj.;
equalize level, dress, balance, equate,
handicap, give points, spot points, handicap, trim,
adjust, poise; fit, accommodate; adapt &c. (render
accordant) 23; strike a balance; establish equality,
restore equality, restore equilibrium; readjust; stretch
on the bed of Procrustes.
Adj. equal, even, level,
monotonous, coequal, symmetrical, coordinate;
on a par with, on a level with, on a footing with;
up to the mark; equiparant[obs3].
equivalent, tantamount;
indistinguishable; quits; homologous;
synonymous &c. 522; resolvable into, convertible,
much at one, as broad as long, neither more nor less.;
much the same as, the same thing as, as good as; all
one, all the same; equipollent, equiponderant[obs3],
equiponderous[obs3], equibalanced[obs3]; equalized
&c. v.; drawn; half and half; isochronal, isochronous
isoperimetric[obs3], isoperimetrical[obs3]; isobath[Oceanography],
isobathic[Oceanography].
Adv. equally &c. adj.;
pari passu[Lat], ad eundum[Lat], caeteris
paribus[Lat]; in equilibrio[Lat]; to all intents and
purposes.
Phr. it comes to the same thing, it amounts to the same thing; what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.
#28. [Difference of
quantity or degree.] Inequality. — N. inequality;
disparity, imparity; odds; difference &c. 15; unevenness;
inclination of the balance, partiality, bias, weight;
shortcoming; casting weight, make-weight; superiority
&c. 33; inferiority &c. 34; inequation[obs3].
V. be unequal &c. adj.;
countervail; have the advantage, give the
advantage; turn the scale; kick the beam; topple,
topple over; overmatch &c. 33; not come up to &c.
34.
Adj. unequal, uneven,
disparate, partial; unbalanced, overbalanced;
top-heavy, lopsided, biased, skewed; disquiparant[obs3].
Adv. haud passibus aequis
[Latin][Vergil].
<— p. 9 —>
#29. Mean. —
N. mean, average; median, mode; balance, medium,
mediocrity, generality; golden mean &c. (mid-course)
628; middle &c. 68; compromise &c. 774; middle course,
middle state; neutrality.
mediocrity, least common
denominator.
V. split the difference;
take the average &c. n.; reduce to a mean &c.
n.; strike a balance, pair off. Adj. mean, intermediate;
middle &c. 68; average; neutral.
mediocre, middle-class;
commonplace &c. (unimportant) 643.
Adv. on an average,
in the long run; taking one with another, taking
all things together, taking it for all in all; communibus
annis[Lat], in round numbers.
Phr. medium tenuere
beati[Lat].
#30. Compensation.
— N. compensation, equation; commutation;
indemnification; compromise &c. 774 neutralization,
nullification; counteraction &c. 179; reaction; measure
for measure, retaliation &c. 718 equalization &c.
27; robbing Peter to pay Paul.
set-off, offset; make-weight,
casting-weight; counterpoise, ballast;
indemnity, equivalent, quid pro quo; bribe, hush money;
amends &c. (atonement) 952; counterbalance, counterclaim;
cross-debt, cross-demand.
V. make compensation;
compensate, compense[obs3]; indemnify;
counteract, countervail, counterpoise; balance; outbalance[obs3],
overbalance, counterbalance; set off; hedge, square,
give and take; make up for, lee way; cover, fill up,
neutralize, nullify; equalize &c. 27; make good; redeem
&c. (atone) 952.
Adj. compensating, compensatory;
countervailing &c. v.; in the
opposite scale; equivalent &c. (equal) 27.
Adv. in return, in consideration;
but, however, yet, still,
notwithstanding; nevertheless, nathless[obs3], none
the less; although, though; albeit, howbeit; mauger[obs3];
at all events, at any rate; be that as it may, for
all that, even so, on the other, hand, at the same
time, quoad minus[Lat], quand meme[Fr], however that
may be; after all is said and done; taking one thing
with another &c. (average) 29.
Phr. “light is
mingled with the gloom” [Whittier]; every dark
cloud
has a silver lining; primo avulso non deficit alter
[Lat][obs3][Vergil]; saepe creat molles aspera spina
rosas [Lat][Ovid].
%
Quantity
by comparison with A standard
%
#31. Greatness.
— N. greatness &c. adj.; magnitude; size
&c.
(dimensions) 192; multitude &c. (number) 102; immensity;
enormity; infinity &c. 105; might, strength, intensity,
fullness; importance &c. 642.
great quantity, quantity,
deal, power, sight, pot, volume, world;
mass, heap &c. (assemblage) 72; stock &c. (store)
636; peck, bushel, load, cargo; cartload[obs3], wagonload,
shipload; flood, spring tide; abundance &c. (sufficiency)
639.
principal part, chief
part, main part, greater part, major part, best
part, essential part; bulk, mass &c. (whole) 50.
V. be great &c. adj.;
run high, soar, tower, transcend; rise to a
great height, carry to a great height; know no bounds;
ascend, mount.
enlarge &c. (increase)
35, (expand) 194.
Adj. great; greater
&c. 33; large, considerable, fair, above par; big,
huge &c. (large in size) 192; Herculean, cyclopean;
ample; abundant &c. (enough) 639 full, intense, strong,
sound, passing, heavy, plenary, deep, high; signal,
at its height, in the zenith.
world-wide, widespread,
far-famed, extensive; wholesale; many &c. 102.
goodly, noble, precious,
mighty; sad, grave, heavy, serious; far gone,
arrant, downright; utter, uttermost; crass, gross,
arch, profound, intense, consummate; rank, uninitiated,
red-hot, desperate; glaring, flagrant, stark staring;
thorough-paced, thoroughgoing; roaring, thumping; extraordinary.;
important &c. 642; unsurpassed &c. (supreme) 33; complete
&c. 52. august, grand, dignified, sublime, majestic
&c. (repute) 873.
vast, immense, enormous,
extreme; inordinate, excessive, extravagant,
exorbitant, outrageous, preposterous, unconscionable,
swinging, monstrous, overgrown; towering, stupendous,
prodigious, astonishing, incredible; marvelous &c.
870.
unlimited &c. (infinite)
105; unapproachable, unutterable,
indescribable, ineffable, unspeakable, inexpressible,
beyond expression, fabulous.
undiminished, unabated,
unreduced[obs3], unrestricted.
absolute, positive,
stark, decided, unequivocal, essential, perfect,
finished.
remarkable, of mark,
marked, pointed, veriest; noteworthy; renowned.
Adv. truly &c. (truth)
494[in a positive degree]; decidedly,
unequivocally, purely, absolutely, seriously, essentially,
fundamentally, radically, downright, in all conscience;
for the most part, in the main.
[in a complete degree]
entirely &c. (completely) 52; abundantly &c.
(sufficiently) 639; widely, far and wide.
[in a great or high
degree] greatly &c. adj.; much, muckle[obs3],
well, indeed, very, very much, a deal, no end of,
most, not a little; pretty, pretty well; enough, in
a great measure, richly; to a large extent, to a great
extent, to a gigantic extent; on a large scale; so;
never so, ever so; ever so dole; scrap, shred, tag,
<— p. 10 —> <— to a limited degree should be broken out to a section near to qualification 469 —>
#32. Smallness.
— N. smallness &c. adj.; littleness &c.
(small size)
193; tenuity; paucity; fewness &c (small number) 103;
meanness, insignificance (unimportance) 643; mediocrity,
moderation.
small quantity, modicum,
trace, hint, minimum; vanishing point;
material point, atom, particle, molecule, corpuscle,
point, speck, dot, mote, jot, iota, ace; minutiae,
details; look, thought, idea, soupcon, dab, dight[obs3],
whit, tittle, shade, shadow; spark, scintilla, gleam;
touch, cast; grain, scruple, granule, globule, minim,
sup, sip, sop, spice, drop, droplet, sprinkling, dash,
morceau[obs3], screed, smack, tinge, tincture; inch,
patch, scantling, tatter, cantlet[obs3], flitter, gobbet[obs3],
mite, bit, morsel, crumb, seed, fritter, shive[obs3];
snip, snippet; snick[obs3], snack, snatch, slip, scrag[obs3];
chip, chipping; shiver, sliver, driblet, clipping,
paring, shaving, hair.
nutshell; thimbleful,
spoonful, handful, capful, mouthful; fragment;
fraction &c. (part) 51; drop in the ocean.
animalcule &c. 193.
trifle &c. (unimportant
thing) 643; mere nothing, next to nothing;
hardly anything; just enough to swear by; the shadow
<— p. 11 —> %
Quantity by
comparison with A similar object
%
#33. Superiority.
[Supremacy.] — N. superiority, majority;
greatness
&c. 31; advantage; pull; preponderance, preponderation;
vantage ground, prevalence, partiality; personal superiority;
nobility &c. (rank) 875; Triton among the minnows,
primus inter pares[Lat], nulli secundus[Lat], captain;
crackajack * [obs3][U. S.].
supremacy, preeminence;
lead; maximum; record; gr/trikumia/[obs3],
climax; culmination &c. (summit) 210; transcendence;
ne plus ultra[Lat]; lion’s share, Benjamin’s
mess; excess, surplus &c. (remainder) 40; (redundancy)
641.
V. be superior &c. adj.;
exceed, excel, transcend; outdo,
Phr. “I shall not look upon his like again” [Hamlet]; deos fortioribus addesse [Lat][Tacitus].
<— p. 12 —>
#34. Inferiority.
— N. inferiority, minority, subordinacy;
shortcoming, deficiency; minimum; smallness &c. 32;
imperfection; lower quality, lower worth.
[personal inferiority]
commonalty &c. 876.
V. be inferior &c. adj.;
fall short of, come short of; not pass, not
come up to; want.
become smaller, render
smaller &c. (decrease) 36, (contract) 195; hide
its diminished head, retire into the shade, yield
the palm, play second fiddle, be upstaged, take a
back seat.
Adj. inferior, smaller;
small &c. 32; minor, less, lesser, deficient,
minus, lower, subordinate, secondary; second-rate
&c. (imperfect) 651; sub, subaltern; thrown into the
shade; weighed in the balance and found wanting; not
fit to hold a candle to, can’t hold a candle
to.
least, smallest &c.
(see little, small &c. 193); lowest.
diminished &c. (decreased)
36; reduced &c. (contracted) 195;
unimportant &c. 643.
Adv. less; under the
mark, below the mark, below par; at the bottom
of the scale, at a low ebb, at a disadvantage; short
of, under.
% Changes in quantity %
#35. Increase.
— N. increase, augmentation, enlargement,
extension;
dilatation &c. (expansion) 194; increment, accretion;
accession &c. 37; development, growth; aggrandizement,
aggravation; rise; ascent &c. 305; exaggeration, exacerbation;
spread &c. (dispersion) 73; flood tide; gain, produce,
product, profit.
V. increase, augment,
add to, enlarge; dilate &c. (expand) 194; grow,
wax, get ahead, gain strength; advance; run up, shoot
up; rise; ascend &c. 305; sprout &c. 194.
aggrandize; raise, exalt;
deepen, heighten; strengthen; intensify,
enhance, magnify, redouble; aggravate, exaggerate;
exasperate, exacerbate; add fuel to the flame, oleum
addere camino[Lat], superadd &c. (add) 37[obs3]; spread
&c. (disperse) 73.
Adj. increased &c. v.;
on the increase, undiminished; additional &c.
(added) 37.
Adv. crescendo.
Phr. vires acquirit
eundo [Lat][Vergil].
#36. Nonincrease,
Decrease. — N. decrease, diminution; lessening
&c.
v.; subtraction &c. 38; reduction, abatement, declension;
shrinking &c. (contraction.) 195; coarctation|; abridgment
&c. (shortening) 201; extenuation.
subsidence, wane, ebb,
decline; ebbing; descent &c. 306; decrement,
reflux, depreciation; deterioration &c. 659; anticlimax;
mitigation &c. (moderation) 174.
V. decrease, diminish,
lessen; abridge &c. (shorten) 201; shrink &c.
(contract) 195; drop off, fall off, tail off; fall
away, waste, wear; wane, ebb, decline; descend &c.
306; subside; melt away, die away; retire into the
shade, hide its diminished head, fall to a low ebb,
run low, languish, decay, crumble.
bate, abate, dequantitate|;
discount; depreciate; extenuate, lower,
weaken, attenuate, fritter away; mitigate &c. (moderate)
174; dwarf, throw into the shade; reduce &c. 195;
shorten &c. 201; subtract &c. 38. Adj. unincreased
&c. (see increase &c.35)[obs3]; decreased &c. v.;
decreasing &c. v.; on the wane &c. n.
Phr. “a gilded
halo hovering round decay” [Byron]; “fine
by degrees
and beautifully less” [Prior].
<— p. 13 —> %
3.
Conjunctive quantity
%
#37. Addition.
— N. addition, annexation, adjection[obs3];
junction
&c. 43; superposition, superaddition, superjunction[obs3],
superfetation; accession, reinforcement; increase
&c. 35; increment, supplement; accompaniment &c. 88;
interposition &c. 228; insertion &c. 300.
V. add, annex, affix,
superadd[obs3], subjoin, superpose; clap on,
saddle on; tack to, append, tag; ingraft[obs3]; saddle
with; sprinkle; introduce &c. (interpose) 228; insert
&c. 300. become added, accrue; advene[obs3], supervene.
reinforce, reenforce,
restrengthen[obs3]; swell the ranks of; augment
&c. 35.
Adj. added &c. v.; additional;
supplemental, supplementary;
suppletory[obs3], subjunctive; adjectitious[obs3],
#38. Nonaddition.
Subtraction. — N. subtraction, subduction|!;
deduction, retrenchment; removal, withdrawal; ablation,
sublation[obs3]; abstraction &c. (taking) 789; garbling,,
&c. v. mutilation, detruncation[obs3]; amputation;
abscission, excision, recision; curtailment &c. 201;
minuend, subtrahend; decrease &c. 36; abrasion.
V. subduct, subtract;
deduct, deduce; bate, retrench; remove,
withdraw, take from, take away; detract.
garble, mutilate, amputate,
detruncate[obs3]; cut off, cut away, cut
out; abscind[obs3], excise; pare, thin, prune, decimate;
abrade, scrape, file; geld, castrate; eliminate.
diminish &c. 36; curtail
&c. (shorten) 201; deprive of &c. (take) 789;
weaken.
Adj. subtracted &c.
v.; subtractive.
Adv. in deduction &c.
n.; less; short of; minus, without, except,
except for, excepting, with the exception of, barring,
save, exclusive of, save and except, with a reservation;
not counting, if one doesn’t count.
#39. [Thing added] Adjunct.
— N. adjunct; addition, additament[obs3];
additum[Lat], affix, appelidage[obs3], annexe[obs3],
annex; augment, augmentation; increment, reinforcement,
supernumerary, accessory, item; garnish, sauce; accompaniment
&c. 88; adjective, addendum; complement, supplement;
continuation.
rider, offshoot, episode,
side issue, corollary; piece[Fr]; flap,
lappet, skirt, embroidery, trappings, cortege; tail,
suffix &c. (sequel) 65; wing.
Adj. additional &c.
37. alate[obs3], alated[obs3]; winged.
Adv. in addition &c.
37.
#40. [Thing remaining.]
Remainder. — N.
remainder, residue;
remains, remanent, remnant, rest, relic; leavings,
heeltap[obs3], odds and ends, cheesepairings[obs3],
candle ends, orts[obs3]; residuum; dregs &c. (dirt)
653; refuse &c. (useless) 645; stubble, result, educt[obs3];
fag-end; ruins, wreck, skeleton., stump; alluvium.
surplus, overplus[obs3],
excess; balance, complement; superplus[obs3],
surplusage[obs3]; superfluity &c.(redundancy) 641;
survival, survivance[obs3].
V. remain; be left
&c. adj.; exceed, survive; leave.
Adj. remaining, left; left behind left over; residual, residuary; over, odd; unconsumed, sedimentary; surviving; net; exceeding, over and above; outlying, outstanding; cast off &c. 782; superfluous &c. (redundant) 641.
#40a. [Thing deducted.] Decrement. — N. decrement, discount, defect, loss, deduction; afterglow; eduction[obs3]; waste.
<— p. 14 —>
#41. [Forming a whole
without coherence.] Mixture. — N. mixture,
admixture, commixture, commixtion[obs3]; commixion[obs3],
intermixture, alloyage[obs3], matrimony; junction
&c. 43; combination &c. 48; miscegenation.
impregnation; infusion,
diffusion suffusion, transfusion;
infiltration; seasoning, sprinkling, interlarding;
interpolation &c. 228 adulteration, sophistication.
[Thing mixed] tinge,
tincture, touch, dash, smack, sprinkling, spice,
seasoning, infusion, soupcon.
[Compound resulting
from mixture] alloy, amalgam; brass,
chowchow[obs3], pewter; magma, half-and-half, melange,
tertium quid[Lat], miscellany, ambigu|, medley, mess,
hotchpot[obs3], pasticcio[obs3], patchwork, odds and
ends, all sorts; jumble &c. (disorder) 59; salad,
sauce, mash, omnium gatherum[Lat], gallimaufry, olla-podrida[obs3],
olio, salmagundi, potpourri, Noah’s ark, caldron
texture, mingled yarn; mosaic &c. (variegation) 440.
half-blood, half-caste, mulatto; terceron[obs3], quarteron[obs3], quinteron &c.[obs3]; quadroon, octoroon; griffo[obs3], zambo[obs3]; cafuzo[obs3]; Eurasian; fustee[obs3], fustie[obs3]; griffe, ladino[obs3], marabou, mestee[obs3], mestizo, quintroon, sacatra zebrule[obs3][U. S.]; catalo[obs3]; cross, hybrid, mongrel.
V. mix; join &c. 43;
combine &c. 48; commix, immix[obs3], intermix;
mix up with, mingle; commingle, intermingle, bemingle[obs3];
shuffle &c. (derange) 61; pound together; hash up,
stir up; knead, brew; impregnate with; interlard &c.
(interpolate) 228; intertwine, interweave &c. 219;
associate with; miscegenate[obs3]. be mixed &c.; get
among, be entangled with.
instill, imbue; infuse,
suffuse, transfuse; infiltrate, dash, tinge,
tincture, season, sprinkle, besprinkle, attemper[obs3],
medicate, blend, cross; alloy, amalgamate, compound,
adulterate, sophisticate, infect.
Adj. mixed &c. v.; implex[obs3], composite, half-and-half, linsey-woolsey, chowchow, hybrid, mongrel, heterogeneous; motley &c. (variegated) 440; miscellaneous, promiscuous, indiscriminate; miscible. Adv. among, amongst, amid, amidst; with; in the midst of, in the crowd.
#42. [Freedom from mixture.]
Simpleness. — N. simpleness &c. adj.;
purity, homogeneity.
elimination; sifting
&c. v.; purification &c. (cleanness) 652.
V. render simple &c.
adj.; simplify.
sift, winnow, bolt,
eliminate; exclude, get rid of; clear; purify &c.
(clean) 652; disentangle &c. (disjoin) 44.
Adj. simple, uniform,
of a piece[Fr], homogeneous, single, pure,
sheer, neat.
unmixed, unmingled[obs3],
unblended, uncombined, uncompounded;
elementary, undecomposed; unadulterated, unsophisticated,
unalloyed, untinged[obs3], unfortified, pur et simple[Fr];
incomplex[obs3].
free from, exempt from;
exclusive.
Adv. simple &c. adj.
only.
#43. Junction.
— N. junction; joining &c. v.; joinder[Law],
union
connection, conjunction, conjugation; annexion[obs3],
annexation, annexment[obs3]; astriction[obs3], attachment,
compagination[obs3], vincture[obs3], ligation, alligation[obs3];
accouplement[obs3]; marriage &c. (wedlock,) 903; infibulation[obs3],
inosculation[obs3], symphysis[Anat], anastomosis,
confluence, communication, concatenation; meeting,
reunion; assemblage &c. 72.
coition, copulation;
sex, sexual congress, sexual conjunction,
sexual intercourse, love-making.
joint, joining, juncture,
pivot, hinge, articulation,
commissure[obs3], seam, gore, gusset, suture, stitch;
link &c. 45; miter mortise.
closeness, tightness,
&c. adj.; coherence &c. 46; combination &c. 48.
annexationist.
V. join, unite; conjoin,
connect; associate; put together, lay
together, clap together, hang together, lump together,
hold together, piece together[Fr], tack together,
fix together, bind up together together; embody, reembody[obs3];
roll into one.
attach, fix, affix,
saddle on, fasten, bind, secure, clinch, twist,
make fast &c. adj.; tie, pinion, string, strap, sew,
lace, tat, stitch, tack, knit, button, buckle, hitch,
lash, truss, bandage, braid, splice, swathe, gird,
tether, moor, picket, harness, chain; fetter &c. (restrain)
751; lock, latch, belay, brace, hook, grapple, leash,
couple, accouple[obs3], link, yoke, bracket; marry
&c. (wed) 903; bridge over, span.
braze; pin, nail, bolt,
hasp, clasp, clamp, crimp, screw, rivet;
impact, solder, set; weld together, fuse together;
wedge, rabbet, mortise, miter, jam, dovetail, enchase[obs3];
graft, ingraft[obs3], inosculate[obs3]; entwine, intwine[obs3];
interlink, interlace, intertwine, intertwist[obs3],
interweave; entangle; twine round, belay; tighten;
trice up, screw up.
be joined &c.; hang
together, hold together; cohere &c. 46.
Adj. joined &c. v.;
joint; conjoint, conjunct; corporate, compact;
hand in hand.
firm, fast, close, tight,
taut, taught, secure, set, intervolved |;
inseparable, indissoluble, insecable[obs3], severable.
Adv. jointly &c. adj.;
in conjunction with &c. (in addition to) 37;
fast, firmly, &c. adj.; intimately. Phr. tria
juncta in uno[Lat].
<— p. 15 —>
#44. Disjunction.
— N. disjunction, disconnection, disunity,
disunion, disassociation, disengagement; discontinuity
&c. 70; abjunction[obs3]; cataclasm[obs3]; inconnection[obs3];
abstraction, abstractedness; isolation; insularity,
insulation; oasis; island; separateness &c. adj.;
severalty; disjecta membra[Lat]; dispersion &c. 73;
apportionment &c. 786.
separation; parting
&c. v.; circumcision; detachment, segregation;
divorce, sejunction|, seposition|, diduction[obs3],
diremption[obs3], discerption[obs3]; elision; caesura,
break, fracture, division, subdivision, rupture; compartition
|; dismemberment, dislocation; luxation[obs3]; severance,
disseverance; scission; rescission, abscission; laceration,
dilaceration[obs3]; disruption, abruption[obs3]; avulsion[obs3],
divulsion[obs3]; section, resection, cleavage; fission;
partibility[obs3], separability.
fissure, breach, rent,
split, rift, crack, slit, incision.
dissection anatomy;
decomposition &c. 49; cutting instrument &c
(sharpness) 253; buzzsaw, circular saw, rip saw.
separatist.
V. be disjoined &c.;
come off, fall off, come to pieces, fall to
pieces; peel off; get loose.
disjoin, disconnect,
disengage, disunite, dissociate, dispair[obs3];
divorce, part, dispart[obs3], detach, separate, cut
off, rescind, segregate; set apart, keep apart; insulate,,
isolate; throw out of gear; cut adrift; loose; unloose,
undo, unbind, unchain, unlock &c. (fix) 43, unpack,
unravel; disentangle; set free &c. (liberate) 750.
sunder, divide, subdivide,
sever, dissever, abscind[obs3]; circumcise;
cut; incide|, incise; saw, snip, nib, nip, cleave,
rive, rend, slit, split, splinter, chip, crack, snap,
break, tear, burst; rend &c. rend asunder, rend in
twain; wrench, rupture, shatter, shiver, cranch[obs3],
crunch, craunch[obs3], chop; cut up, rip up; hack,
hew, slash; whittle; haggle, hackle, discind|, lacerate,
scamble[obs3], mangle, gash, hash, slice.
cut up, carve, dissect,
anatomize; dislimb[obs3]; take to pieces, pull
to pieces, pick to pieces, tear to pieces; tear to
tatters, tear piecemeal, tear limb from limb; divellicate[obs3];
skin &c. 226; disintegrate, dismember, disbranch[obs3],
disband; disperse &c. 73; dislocate, disjoint; break
up; mince; comminute &c. (pulverize) 330; apportion
&c. 786.
part, part company;
separate, leave.
Adj. disjoined &c.
v.; discontinuous &c. 70; multipartite[obs3],
abstract; disjunctive; secant; isolated &c. v.; insular,
separate, disparate, discrete, apart, asunder, far
between, loose, free; unattached, unannexed, unassociated,
unconnected; distinct; adrift; straggling; rift, reft[obs3].
[capable of being cut]
scissile[Chem], divisible, discerptible[obs3],
partible, separable.
Adv. separately &c.
adj.; one by one, severally, apart; adrift,
asunder, in twain; in the abstract, abstractedly.
#45. [Connecting medium.]
Connection. — N. vinculum, link;
connective, connection; junction &c. 43; bond of union,
copula, hyphen, intermedium[obs3]; bracket; bridge,
stepping-stone, isthmus.
bond, tendon, tendril;
fiber; cord, cordage; riband, ribbon, rope,
guy, cable, line, halser|, hawser, painter, moorings,
wire, chain; string &c. (filament) 205.
fastener, fastening,
tie; ligament, ligature; strap; tackle, rigging;
standing rigging, running rigging; traces, harness;
yoke; band ribband, bandage; brace, roller, fillet;
inkle[obs3]; with, withe, withy; thong, braid; girder,
tiebeam; girth, girdle, cestus[obs3], garter, halter,
noose, lasso, surcingle, knot, running knot; cabestro
[obs3][U. S.], cinch [U. S.], lariat, legadero[obs3],
oxreim[obs3]; suspenders.
<— p. 16 —>
pin, corking pin, nail,
brad, tack, skewer, staple, corrugated
fastener; clamp, U-clamp, C-clamp; cramp, cramp iron;
ratchet, detent, larigo[obs3], pawl; terret[obs3],
treenail, screw, button, buckle; clasp, hasp, hinge,
hank, catch, latch, bolt, latchet[obs3], tag; tooth;
hook, hook and eye; lock, holdfast[obs3], padlock,
rivet; anchor, grappling iron, trennel[obs3], stake,
post.
cement, glue, gum, paste,
size, wafer, solder, lute, putty, birdlime,
mortar, stucco, plaster, grout; viscum[obs3].
shackle, rein &c. (means
of restraint) 752; prop &c. (support) 215.
V. bridge over, span;
connect &c. 43; hang &c. 214.
#46. Coherence.
— N. coherence, adherence, adhesion, adhesiveness;
concretion, accretion; conglutination, agglutination,
agglomeration; aggregation; consolidation, set, cementation;
sticking, soldering &c. v.; connection; dependence.
tenacity, toughness;
stickiness &c. 352; inseparability,
inseparableness; bur, remora.
conglomerate, concrete
&c. (density) 321.
V. cohere, adhere, stick,
cling, cleave, hold, take hold of, hold
fast, close with, clasp, hug; grow together, hang
together; twine round &c. (join) 43.
stick like a leech,
stick like wax; stick close;
cling like ivy, cling like a bur; adhere like a remora,
adhere like Dejanira’s shirt.
glue; agglutinate, conglutinate[obs3];
cement, lute, paste, gum;
solder, weld; cake, consolidate &c. (solidify) 321;
agglomerate. Adj. cohesive, adhesive, adhering,
cohering &c. v.; tenacious, tough; sticky &c. 352.
united, unseparated,
unsessile[obs3], inseparable, inextricable,
infrangible[obs3]; compact &c. (dense) 321.
#47. [Want of adhesion,
nonadhesion, immiscibility.] Incoherence.
— N. nonadhesion[obs3]; immiscibility;
incoherence; looseness &c. adj.; laxity; relaxation;
loosening &c. v.; freedom; disjunction &c. 44; rope
of sand.
V. make loose &c. adj.;
loosen, slacken, relax; unglue &c. 46;
detach &c. (disjoin) 44.
Adj. nonadhesive, immiscible;
incoherent, detached, loose, baggy,
slack, lax, relaxed, flapping, streaming; disheveled;
segregated, like grains of sand unconsolidated &c.
231, uncombined &c. 48; noncohesive[obs3].
#48. Combination.
— N. combination; mixture &c. 41; junction
&c. 43;
union, unification, synthesis, incorporation, amalgamation,
embodiment, coalescence, crasis[obs3], fusion, blending,
absorption, centralization.
alloy, compound, amalgam,
composition, tertium quid[Lat]; resultant,
impregnation.
V. combine, unite, incorporate,
amalgamate, embody, absorb,
reembody[obs3], blend, merge, fuse, melt into one,
consolidate, coalesce, centralize, impregnate; put
together, lump together; cement a union, marry.
Adj. combined &c. v.;
impregnated with, ingrained; imbued inoculated.
#49. Decomposition.
— N. decomposition, analysis, dissection,
resolution, catalysis, dissolution; corruption &c.
(uncleanness) 653; dispersion &c. 73; disjunction
&c. 44; disintegration.
V. decompose, decompound;
analyze, disembody, dissolve; resolve into
its elements, separate into its elements; electrolyze[Chem];
dissect, decentralize, break up; disperse &c. 73;
unravel &c. (unroll) 313; crumble into dust.
Adj. decomposed &c.
v.; catalytic, analytical; resolvent, separative,
solvent.
<— p. 17 —> %
4.
Concrete quantity
%
#50. Whole. [Principal
part.] — N. whole, totality, integrity;
totalness &c. adj[obs3].; entirety, ensemble, collectiveness[obs3];
unity &c. 87; completeness &c. 52; indivisibility,
indiscerptibility[obs3]; integration, embodiment;
integer.
all, the whole, total,
aggregate, one and all, gross amount, sum, sum
total, tout ensemble, length and breadth of, Alpha
and Omega, “be all and end all”; complex,
complexus [obs3]; lock stock and barrel.
bulk, mass, lump, tissue,
staple, body, compages[obs3]; trunk, torso,
bole, hull, hulk, skeleton greater part, major part,
best part, principal part, main part; essential part
&c. (importance). 642; lion’s share, Benjamin’s
mess; the long and the short; nearly, all, almost all.
V. form a whole, constitute
a whole; integrate, embody, amass;
aggregate &c. (assemble) 72; amount to, come to.
Adj. whole, total, integral,
entire; complete &c. 52; one, individual.
unbroken, intact, uncut,
undivided, unsevered[obs3], unclipped[obs3],
uncropped, unshorn; seamless; undiminished; undemolished,
undissolved, undestroyed, unbruised.
indivisible, indissoluble,
indissolvable[obs3], indiscerptible[obs3].
wholesale, sweeping;
comprehensive.
Adv. wholly, altogether;
totally &c. (completely) 52; entirely, all,
all in all, as a whole, wholesale, in a body, collectively,
all put together; in the aggregate, in the lump, in
the mass, in the gross, in the main, in the long run;
en masse, as a body, on the whole, bodily|!, en bloc,
in extenso[Lat], throughout, every inch; substantially.
Phr. tout bien ou rien[Fr].
#51. Part. —
N. part, portion; dose; item, particular; aught, any;
division, ward; subdivision, section; chapter, clause,
count, paragraph, verse; article, passage; sector,
segment; fraction, fragment; cantle, frustum; detachment,
parcel.
piece[Fr], lump, bit
cut, cutting; chip, chunk, collop[obs3], slice,
scale; lamina &c. 204; small part; morsel, particle
&c. (smallness) 32; installment, dividend; share &c.
(allotment) 786.
debris, odds and ends,
oddments, detritus; excerpta[obs3]; member,
limb, lobe, lobule, arm, wing, scion, branch, bough,
joint, link, offshoot, ramification, twig, bush, spray,
sprig; runner; leaf, leaflet; stump; component part
#52. Completeness.
— N. completeness &c. adj.; completion &c.
729;
integration; allness[obs3].
entirety; perfection
&c. 650; solidity, solidarity; unity; all; ne
plus ultra[Lat], ideal, limit.
complement, supplement,
make-weight; filling, up &c. v.
impletion[obs3]; saturation,
saturity|; high water; high tide, flood
tide, spring tide; fill, load, bumper, bellyful[obs3];
brimmer[obs3]; sufficiency &c. 639.
V. be complete &c. adj.;
come to a head.
render complete &c.
adj.; complete &c. (accomplish) 729; fill, charge,
load, replenish; make up, make good; piece out[Fr],
eke out; supply deficiencies; fill up, fill in, fill
to the brim, fill the measure of; saturate.
go the whole hog, go
the whole length; go all lengths.
Adj. complete, entire;
whole &c. 50; perfect &c. 650; full, good,
absolute, thorough, plenary; solid, undivided; with
all its parts; all-sided.
exhaustive, radical,
sweeping, thorough-going; dead.
regular, consummate,
unmitigated, sheer, unqualified, unconditional,
free; abundant &c. (sufficient) 639.
brimming; brimful, topful,
topfull; chock full, choke full; as full as
an egg is of meat, as full as a vetch; saturated,
crammed; replete &c. (redundant) 641; fraught, laden;
full-laden, full-fraught, full-charged; heavy laden.
completing &c. v.; supplemental,
supplementary; ascititious[obs3].
Adv. completely &c.
adj.; altogether, outright, wholly, totally, in
toto, quite; all out; over head and ears; effectually,
for good and all, nicely, fully, through thick and
thin, head and shoulders; neck and heel, neck and
crop; in all respects, in every respect; at all points,
out and out, to all intents and purposes; toto coelo[Lat];
utterly; clean, clean as a whistle; to the full, to
the utmost, to the backbone; hollow, stark; heart
and soul, root and branch, down to the ground.
to the top of one’s
bent, as far as possible, a outrance[obs3].
throughout; from first
to last, from beginning to end, from end to
end, from one end to the other, from Dan to Beersheba,
from head to foot, from top to toe, from top to bottom,
de fond en comble[Fr]; a fond, a capite ad calcem
[Lat], ab ovo usque ad mala[Lat], fore and aft; every,
whit, every inch; cap-a-pie, to the end of the chapter;
up to the brim, up to the ears, up to the eyes; as
. . . as can be.
on all accounts; sous
tous les rapports[Fr]; with a vengeance, with a
witness.
Phr. falsus in uno falsus
in omnibus [Latin: false in one thing, false
in everything]; omnem movere lapidem[Lat]; una scopa
nuova spazza bene [Italian].
#53. Incompleteness.
— N. incompleteness &c. adj.; deficiency,
short
measure; shortcoming &c. 304; insufficiency &c. 640;
imperfection &c. 651; immaturity &c. (nonpreparation)
674; half measures.
[part wanting] defect,
deficit, defalcation, omission; caret;
shortage; interval &c. 198; break &c. (discontinuity)
70; noncompletion &c. 730; missing link.
missing piece, missing
part, gap, hole, lacuna.
V. be incomplete &c.
adj.; fall short of &c. 304; lack &c. (be
insufficient) 640; neglect &c. 460.
Adj. incomplete; imperfect
&c. 651; unfinished; uncompleted &c. (see
complete &c. 729); defective, deficient, wanting,
lacking, failing; in default, in arrear[obs3]; short
of; hollow, meager, lame, halfand-half, perfunctory,
sketchy; crude &c. (unprepared) 674.
mutilated, garbled,
docked, lopped, truncated.
in progress, in hand;
going on, proceeding.
Adv. incompletely &c.
adj.; by halves.
Phr. caetera desunt[Lat];
caret.
<— p. 18 —>
#54. Composition.
— N. composition, constitution, crasis[obs3];
combination &c. 48; inclusion, admission, comprehension,
reception; embodiment; formation.
V. be composed of, be
made of, be formed of, be made up of; consist
of, be resolved into.
include &c. (in a class)
76; contain, hold, comprehend, take in,
admit, embrace, embody; involve, implicate; drag into.
compose, constitute, form, make; make up, fill up,
build up; enter into the composition of &c. (be a
component) 56.
Adj. containing, constituting
&c.v.
#55. Exclusion.
— N. exclusion, nonadmission, omission,
exception,
rejection, repudiation; exile &c. (seclusion) 893;
noninclusion[obs3], preclusion, prohibition.
separation, segregation,
seposition[obs3], elimination, expulsion;
cofferdam.
V. be excluded from
&c.
exclude, bar; leave
out, shut out, bar out; reject, repudiate,
blackball; lay apart, put apart, set apart, lay aside,
put aside; relegate, segregate; throw overboard; strike
off, strike out; neglect &c. 460; banish &c. (seclude)
893; separate.&c. (disjoin) 44.
pass over, omit; garble;
eliminate, weed, winnow.
Adj. excluding &c. v.;
exclusive, excluded &c. v.; unrecounted[obs3],
not included in; inadmissible.
Adv. exclusive of, barring;
except; with the exception of; save;
bating.
#56. Component.
— N. component; component part, integral
part,
integrant part[obs3]; element, constituent, ingredient,
leaven; part and parcel; contents; appurtenance; feature;
member &c. (part) 51; personnel.
V. enter into, enter
into the composition of; be a component &c. n; be
part of, form part of &c. 51; merge in, be merged
in; be implicated in; share in &c. (participate) 778;
belong to, appertain to; combine, inhere in, unite.
form, make, constitute,
compose.
Adj. forming &c. v.
inclusive.
#57. Extraneousness.
— N. extraneousness &c. adj.; extrinsicality
&c.
6[obs3]; exteriority &c. 220[obs3]; alienage[obs3],
alienism; foreign body, foreign substance, foreign
element; alien, stranger, intruder, interloper, foreigner,
novus homo[Lat], newcomer, immigrant, emigrant; creole,
Africander[obs3]; outsider; Dago*, wop, mick, polak,
greaser, slant, Easterner [U.S.], Dutchman, tenderfoot.
Adj. extraneous, foreign,
alien, ulterior; tramontane, ultramontane.
excluded &c. 55; inadmissible;
exceptional.
Adv. in foreign parts,
in foreign lands; abroad, beyond seas; over sea
on one’s travels.
<— p. 19 —> %
Section
iv. Order
1. Order %
#58. Order. —
N. order, regularity, uniformity, symmetry, lucidus
ordo[Lat]; music of the spheres.
gradation, progression;
series &c. (continuity) 69.
subordination; course, even tenor, routine; method,
disposition, arrangement, array, system, economy,
discipline orderliness &c. adj.
rank, place &c. (term)
71.
V. be in order, become
in order &c. adj.; form, fall in, draw up;
arrange itself, range itself, place itself; fall into
one’s place, take one’s place, take one’s
rank; rally round.
adjust, methodize, regulate,
systematize.
Adj. orderly, regular;
in order, in trim, in apple-pie order, in
its proper place; neat, tidy, en regle[Fr], well regulated,
correct, methodical, uniform, symmetrical, shipshape,
businesslike, systematic; unconfused &c. (see confuse
&c. 61); arranged &c. 60.
Adv. in order; methodically
&c. adj.; in -turn, — its turn; step by
step; by regular -steps, -gradations, -stages, -intervals;
seriatim, systematically, by clockwork, gradatim[Lat];
at stated periods &c. (periodically) 138.
Phr. natura non facit
saltum[Lat]; “order is heaven’s first law”
[Pope]; “order from disorder sprung” [Paradise
Lost]; ordo est parium dispariumque rerum sua loca
tribuens dispositio [Lat][St. Augustine].
<— here we should break up 59 into disorder
(randomness), and complexity. These are two different
concepts. Note that simplicity, (entry 849) refers
to affections or appearance, not internal complexity.
We also need a corresponding
entry for conceptual or organizational
simplicity. —>
#59. [Absence, or want
of Order, &c.] Disorder. — N. disorder;
derangement &c. 61; irregularity; anomaly &c. (unconformity)
83; anarchy, anarchism; want of method; untidiness
&c. adj.; disunion; discord &c. 24. confusion; confusedness
&c. adj.; mishmash, mix; disarray, jumble, huddle,
litter, lumber; cahotage[obs3]; farrago; mess, mash,
muddle, muss [U. S.], hash, hodgepodge; hotch-potch[obs3],
hotch-pot[obs3]; imbroglio, chaos, omnium gatherum[Lat],
medley; mere mixture &c. 41; fortuitous concourse of
atoms, disjecta membra[Lat], rudis indigestaque moles
#59a. Complexity
— N. complexity; complexness &c. adj.;
complexus[obs3]; complication, implication; intricacy,
intrication[obs3]; perplexity; network, labyrinth;
wilderness, jungle; involution, raveling, entanglement;
coil &c. (convolution) 248; sleave[obs3], tangled skein,
knot, Gordian knot, wheels within wheels; kink, gnarl,
knarl[obs3]; webwork[obs3].
[complexity if a task
or action] difficulty &c. 704.
V. complexify[obs3],
complicate.
Adj. gnarled, knarled[obs3].
complex, complexed; intricate,
complicated, perplexed, involved, raveled, entangled,
knotted, tangled, inextricable; irreducible.
<— p. 20 —>
#60. [Reduction to Order.]
Arrangement. — N. arrangement; plan &c.
626; preparation &c. 673; disposal, disposition; collocation,
allocation; distribution; sorting &c. v.; assortment,
allotment, apportionment, taxis, taxonomy, syntaxis[obs3],
graduation, organization; grouping; tabulation.
analysis, classification,
clustering, division, digestion.
[Result of arrangement]
digest; synopsis &c. (compendium) 596;
syntagma[Gram], table, atlas; file, database; register
&c. (record) 551; organism, architecture.
[Instrument for sorting]
sieve, riddle, screen, sorter.
V. reduce to order,
bring into order; introduce order into; rally.
arrange, dispose, place, form; put in order, set in
order, place in order; set out, collocate, pack, marshal,
range, size, rank, group, parcel out, allot, distribute,
deal; cast the parts, assign the parts; dispose of,
assign places to; assort, sort; sift, riddle; put to
rights, set to rights, put into shape, put in trim,
put in array; apportion.
class, classify; divide;
file, string together, thread; register &c.
(record) 551; catalogue, tabulate, index, graduate,
digest, grade.
methodize, regulate,
systematize, coordinate, organize, settle, fix.
unravel, disentangle, ravel, card; disembroil[obs3];
feaze[obs3].
Adj. arranged &c. v.;
embattled, in battle array; cut and dried;
methodical, orderly, regular, systematic.
Phr. “In
vast cumbrous array” [Churchill].
#61. [Subversion of
Order; bringing into disorder.] Derangement. —
N.
derangement &c. v.; disorder &c. 59; evection[obs3],
discomposure, disturbance; disorganization, deorganization[obs3];
dislocation; perturbation, interruption; shuffling
&c. v.; inversion &c. 218; corrugation &c. (fold)
258; involvement.
interchange &c. 148.
V. derange; disarrange,
misarrange[obs3]; displace, misplace; mislay,
discompose, disorder; deorganize[obs3], discombobulate,
disorganize; embroil, unsettle, disturb, confuse,
trouble, perturb, jumble, tumble; shuffle, randomize;
huddle, muddle, toss, hustle, fumble, riot; bring
into disorder, put into disorder, throw into disorder
&c. 59; muss [U.S.]; break the ranks, disconcert,
convulse; break in upon.
unhinge, dislocate,
put out of joint, throw out of gear.
turn topsy-turvy &c.
(invert) 218; bedevil; complicate, involve,
perplex, confound; imbrangle[obs3], embrangle[obs3],
tangle, entangle, ravel, tousle, towzle[obs3], dishevel,
ruffle; rumple &c. (fold) 258.
litter, scatter; mix
&c. 41.
rearrange &c. 148.
Adj. deranged &c. v.;
syncretic, syncretistic[obs3]; mussy, messy;
flaky; random, unordered [U.S.].
%
2.
Consecutive order
%
#62. Precedence.
— N. precedence; coming before &c. v.; the
lead, le
pas; superiority &c. 33; importance &c. 642; antecedence,
antecedency[obs3]; anteriority &c. (front) 234[obs3];
precursor &c. 64; priority &c. 116; precession &c.
280; anteposition[obs3]; epacme[obs3]; preference.
V. precede; come before,
come first; head, lead, take the lead; lead
the way, lead the dance; be in the vanguard; introduce,
usher in; have the pas; set the fashion &c. (influence)
175; open the ball; take precedence, have precedence;
have the start &c. (get before) 280. place before;
prefix; premise, prelude, preface.
Adj. preceding &c. v.;
precedent, antecedent; anterior; prior &c. 116;
before; former; foregoing; beforementioned[obs3],
abovementioned[obs3], aforementioned; aforesaid, said;
precursory, precursive[obs3]; prevenient[obs3], preliminary,
prefatory, introductory; prelusive, prelusory; proemial[obs3],
preparatory.
Adv. before; in advance
&c. (precession) 280.
Phr. seniores priores[Lat];
prior tempore prior jure[Lat].
#63. Sequence.
— N. sequence, coming after; going after
&c.
(following) 281; consecution, succession; posteriority
&c. 117.
continuation; order
of succession; successiveness; paracme[obs3].
secondariness[obs3];
subordinancy &c. (inferiority) 34[obs3].
afterbirth, afterburden[obs3];
placenta, secundines[Med].
V. succeed; come after,
come on, come next; follow, ensue, step into
the shoes of; alternate.
place after, suffix,
append.
Adj. succeeding &c.v.;
sequent[obs3]; subsequent, consequent,
sequacious[obs3], proximate, next; consecutive &c.
(continuity) 69; alternate, amoebean[obs3].
latter; posterior &c.
117.
Adv. after, subsequently;
behind &c. (rear) 235.
<— p. 21 —>
#64. Precursor.
— N. precursor, antecedent, precedent, predecessor;
forerunner, vancourier[obs3], avant-coureur[Fr], pioneer,
prodrome|, prodromos[obs3], prodromus[obs3], outrider;
leader, bellwether; herald, harbinger; foreboding;
dawn; avant-courier, avant-garde, bellmare[obs3],
forelooper[obs3], foreloper[obs3], stalking-horse,
voorlooper[Afrikaans], voortrekker[Afrikaans].
prelude, preamble, preface,
prologue, foreword, avant-propos[Fr],
protasis[obs3], proemium[obs3], prolusion[obs3], proem,
prolepsis[Gram], prolegomena, prefix, introduction;
heading, frontispiece, groundwork; preparation &c.
673; overture, exordium[Lat], symphony; premises.
prefigurement &c. 511;
omen &c. 512.
Adj. precursory; prelusive,
prelusory, preludious[obs3];
proemial[obs3], introductory, prefatory, prodromous[obs3],
inaugural, preliminary; precedent &c. (prior) 116.
Phr. “a precedent
embalms a principle” [Disraeli].
#65. Sequel. —
N. sequel, suffix, successor; tail, queue, train,
wake, trail, rear; retinue, suite; appendix, postscript;
epilogue; peroration; codicil; continuation, sequela[obs3];
appendage; tail piece[Fr], heelpiece[obs3]; tag, more
last words; colophon.
aftercome[obs3], aftergrowth[obs3],
afterpart[obs3],
afterpiece[obs3], aftercourse[obs3], afterthought,
aftergame[obs3]; arriere pensee[Fr], second thoughts;
outgrowth.
#66. Beginning.—
N. beginning, commencement, opening, outset,
incipience, inception, inchoation[obs3]; introduction
&c. (precursor) 64; alpha, initial; inauguration,
debut, le premier pas, embarcation[Fr], rising of
the curtain; maiden speech; outbreak, onset, brunt;
initiative, move, first move; narrow end of the wedge,
thin end of the wedge; fresh start, new departure.
origin &c. (cause) 153;
source, rise; bud, germ &c. 153; egg,
rudiment; genesis, primogenesis[obs3], birth, nativity,
cradle, infancy; start, inception, creation, starting
point &c. 293; dawn &c. (morning) 125; evolution.
title-page; head, heading;
van &c. (front)
234; caption, fatihah[obs3].
entrance, entry; inlet,
orifice, mouth, chops, lips, porch, portal,
portico, propylon[obs3], door; gate, gateway; postern,
wicket, threshold, vestibule; propylaeum[obs3]; skirts,
border &c. (edge) 231.
first stage, first blush,
first glance, first impression, first sight.
rudiments, elements,
outlines, grammar, alphabet, ABCE.
V. begin, start, commence;
conceive, open, dawn, set in, take its
rise, enter upon, enter; set out &c. (depart) 293;
embark in; incept[obs3].
[transitive] initiate,
launch, inaugurate.
[intransitive] inchoate,
rise, arise, originate.
usher in; lead off,
lead the way; take the lead, take the initiative;
head; stand at the head, stand first, stand for; lay
the foundations &c. (prepare) 673; found &c. (cause)
153; set up, set on foot, agoing[obs3], set abroach[obs3],
set the ball in motion; apply the match to a train;
broach; open up, open the door to.
[intransitive] get underway,
set about, get to work, set to work, set
to; make a beginning, make a start.
handsel; take the first
step, lay the first stone, cut the first turf;
break ground, break the ice, break cover; pass the
Rubicon, cross the Rubicon; open fire, open the ball;
ventilate, air; undertake &c. 676.
come into existence,
come into the world; make one’s debut, take
birth; burst forth, break out; spring up, spring forth,
crop up, pop up, appear, materialize.
begin at the beginning,
begin ab ovo[Lat].
begin again, begin
de novo; start afresh, make a fresh start, take it
from the top, shuffle the cards, reshuffle the cards,
resume, recommence.
Adj. beginning &c. v.;
initial, initiatory, initiative; inceptive,
introductory, incipient; proemial[obs3], inaugural;
inchoate, inchoative[obs3]; embryonic, rudimental;
primogenial[obs3]; primeval, primitive, primordial
&c. (old) 124; aboriginal; natal, nascent.
first, foremost, leading;
maiden.
begun &c. v.; just begun
&c. v.
Adv. at the beginning,
in the beginning, &c. n.; first, in the first
place, imprimis[Lat], first and foremost; in limine[Lat];
in the bud, in embryo, in its infancy; from the beginning,
from its birth; ab initio[Lat], ab ovo[Lat], ab incunabilis[Lat],
ab origine[Lat].
Phr. let’s get
going! let’s get this show on the road! up and
at ’em!
aller Anfang ist schwer [Ger]; dimidium facti qui
coepit habet [Lat][Cicero]; omnium rerum principia
parva sunt [Lat][Cicero].
<— p. 22 —>
#67. End. —
N. end, close, termination; desinence[obs3], conclusion,
finis, finale, period, term, terminus, endpoint, last,
omega; extreme, extremity; gable end, butt end, fag-end;
tip, nib, point; tail &c. (rear) 235; verge &c. (edge)
231; tag, peroration; bonne bouche[Fr]; bottom dollar,
tail end, rear guard.
consummation, denouement;
finish &c. (completion) 729; fate; doom,
doomsday; crack of doom, day of Judgment, dies irae,
fall of the curtain; goal, destination; limit, determination;
expiration, expiry[obs3], extinction, extermination;
death &c. 360; end of all things; finality; eschatology.
break up, commencement
de la fin, last stage, turning point; coup de
grace, deathblow; knock-out, -blow; sockdolager* [obs3][U.S.].
V. end, close, finish,
terminate, conclude, be all over; expire; die
&c. 360; come to a close, draw to a close &c. n.;
have run its course; run out, pass away, bring to
an end &c. n.; put an end to, make an end of; determine;
get through; achieve &c. (complete) 729; stop &c. (make
to cease) 142; shut up shop; hang up one’s fiddle.
Adj. ending &c. v.;
final, terminal, definitive; crowning &c.
(completing) 729; last, ultimate; hindermost[obs3];
rear &c. 235; caudal; vergent[obs3].
conterminate[obs3],
conterminous, conterminable[obs3].
ended &c. v.; at an
end; settled, decided, over, played out, set at
rest; conclusive, penultimate; last but one, last
but two, &c. unbegun, uncommenced[obs3]; fresh.
Adv. finally &c. adj.;
in fine; at the last; once for all.
Phr. “as high
as Heaven and as deep as hell” [Beaumont & Fletcher];
deficit omne quod nascitur [Lat][Quintilian]; en toute
chose il faut considerer la fin[Fr][obs3]; finem respice[Lat][obs3];
ultimus Romanorum[Lat].
#68. Middle. —
N. middle, midst, mediety|, mean &c. 29; medium,
middle term; center &c. 222, mid-course &c. 628; mezzo
termine[It]; juste milieu &c. 628[Fr]; halfway house,
nave, navel, omphalos[obs3]; nucleus, nucleolus.
equidistance[obs3],
bisection, half distance; equator, diaphragm,
midriff; intermediate &c. 228.
Adj. middle, medial,
mesial[Med], mean, mid, median, average;
middlemost, midmost; mediate; intermediate &c. (interjacent)
228[obs3]; equidistant; central &c. 222; mediterranean,
equatorial; homocentric.
Adv. in the middle;
midway, halfway; midships[obs3], amidships, in
medias res.
#69. [Uninterrupted
sequence.] Continuity. — N. continuity;
consecution, consecutiveness &c. adj.; succession,
round, suite, progression, series, train chain; catenation,
concatenation; scale; gradation, course; ceaselessness,
constant flow, unbroken extent.
procession, column;
retinue, cortege, cavalcade, rank and file, line
of battle, array.
pedigree, genealogy,
lineage, race; ancestry, descent, family, house;
line, line of ancestors; strain.
#70. [Interrupted sequence.]
Discontinuity.— N. discontinuity;
disjunction &c. 44; anacoluthon[obs3]; interruption,
break, fracture, flaw, fault, crack, cut; gap &c.
(interval) 198; solution of continuity, caesura; broken
thread; parenthesis, episode, rhapsody, patchwork;
intermission; alternation &c. (periodicity) 138; dropping
fire.
V. be discontinuous
&c. adj.; alternate, intermit, sputter, stop and
start, hesitate.
discontinue, pause,
interrupt; intervene; break, break in upon, break
off; interpose &c. 228; break the thread, snap the
thread; disconnect &c. (disjoin) 44; dissever.
Adj. discontinuous,
unsuccessive[obs3], broken, interrupted,
dicousu[Fr]; disconnected, unconnected; discrete,
disjunctive; fitful &c. (irregular) 139; spasmodic,
desultory; intermitting, occasional &c. v., intermittent;
alternate; recurrent &c. (periodic) 138.
Adv. at intervals; by
snatches, by jerks, by skips, by catches, by
fits and starts; skippingly[obs3], per saltum[Lat];
longo intervallo[It].
Phr. like “angel
visits few and far between” [Campbell].
<— p. 23 —>
#71. Term. —
N. term, rank, station, stage, step; degree &c. 26;
scale, remove, grade, link, peg, round of the ladder,
status, position, place, point, mark, pas, period,
pitch; stand, standing; footing, range.
V. hold a place, occupy
a place, find a place, fall into a place &c.
n.
% 3. Collective order %
#72. Assemblage.
— N. {opp. 73} assemblage; collection,
collocation,
colligation[obs3]; compilation, levy, gathering, ingathering,
muster, attroupement[obs3]; team; concourse, conflux[obs3],
congregation, contesseration|, convergence &c. 290;
meeting, levee, reunion, drawing room, at home; conversazione
&c. (social gathering) 892[It]; assembly, congress;
convention, conventicle; gemote[obs3]; conclave &c.
(council) 696; posse, posse comitatus[Lat]; Noah’s
ark.
miscellany, collectanea[obs3];
museum, menagerie &c. (store) 636;
museology[obs3].
crowd, throng, group;
flood, rush, deluge; rabble, mob, press,
crush, cohue[obs3], horde, body, tribe; crew, gang,
#73. Nonassemblage.
Dispersion. — N. {opp. 72} dispersion;
disjunction &c. 44; divergence &c. 291; aspersion;
scattering &c. v.; dissemination, diffusion, dissipation,
distribution; apportionment &c. 786; spread, respersion[obs3],
circumfusion[obs3], interspersion, spargefaction[obs3];
affusion[obs3]. waifs and estrays[obs3], flotsam and
jetsam, disjecta membra[Lat], [Hor.]; waveson[obs3].
V. disperse, scatter,
sow, broadcast, disseminate, diffuse, shed,
spread, bestrew, overspread, dispense, disband, disembody,
dismember, distribute; apportion &c. 786; blow off,
let out, dispel, cast forth, draught off; strew, straw,
<— p. 24 —>
#74. [Place of meeting.]
Focus. — N. focus; point of convergence
&c.
290; corradiation[obs3]; center &c. 222; gathering
place, resort haunt retreat; venue; rendezvous; rallying
point, headquarters, home, club; depot &c. (store)
636; trysting place; place of meeting, place of resort,
place of assignation; point de reunion; issue.
V. bring to a point,
bring to a focus, bring to an issue.
%
4.
Distributive order
%
#75. Class. —
N. class, division, category, categorema[obs3], head,
order, section; department, subdepartment, province,
domain.
kind, sort, genus, species,
variety, family, order, kingdom, race,
tribe, caste, sept, clan, breed, type, subtype, kit,
sect, set, subset; assortment; feather, kidney; suit;
range; gender, sex, kin.
manner, description,
denomination, designation, rubric, character,
stamp predicament; indication, particularization,
selection, specification.
similarity &c. 17.
#76. Inclusion.
[Comprehension under, or reference to a class.] —
N.
{opp. 77} inclusion, admission, comprehension, reception.
composition &c. (inclusion in a compound) 54.
V. be included in &c.;
come under, fall under, range under; belong to,
pertain to; range with; merge in.
include, comprise, comprehend,
contain, admit, embrace, receive;
inclose &c. (circumscribe) 229; embody, encircle.
reckon among, enumerate
among, number among; refer to; place with,
arrange with, place under; take into account.
Adj. included, including
&c. v.; inclusive; congener, congenerous; of
the same class &c. 75; encircling.
Phr. a maximis ad minima[Lat],
et hoc genus omne[Lat], &c., etc.; et
coetera[Lat].
#77. Exclusion. — N. {opp. 76} exclusion &c. 55. <— The same set of words are used to express Exclusion from a class and Exclusion from a compound. Reference is therefore made to the former at 55. This identity does not occur with regard to Inclusion, which therefore constitutes a separate category. —>
#78. Generality.
— N. {opp. 79} generality, generalization;
universality; catholicity, catholicism; miscellany,
miscellaneousness[obs3]; dragnet; common run; worldwideness[obs3].
everyone, everybody;
all hands, all the world and his wife; anybody, N
or M, all sorts.
prevalence, run.
V. be general &c. adj.;
prevail, be going about, stalk abroad.
render general &c. adj.;
generalize.
Adj. general, generic,
collective; broad, comprehensive, sweeping;
encyclopedical[obs3], widespread &c. (dispersed) 73.
universal; catholic,
catholical[obs3]; common, worldwide;
ecumenical, oecumenical[obs3]; transcendental; prevalent,
prevailing, rife, epidemic, besetting; all over, covered
with.
Pan-American, Anglican[obs3],
Pan-Hellenic, Pan-Germanic, Slavic;
panharmonic[obs3].
every, all; unspecified,
impersonal.
customary &c. (habitual)
613.
Adv. whatever, whatsoever;
to a man, one and all.
generally &c. adj.;
always, for better for worse; in general,
generally speaking; speaking generally; for the most
part; in the long run &c. (on an average) 29.
<— p. 25 —>
#79. Speciality.
— N. {opp. 78} speciality, specialite[obs3];
individuality, individuity|; particularity, peculiarity;
idiocrasy &c. (tendency) 176[obs3]; personality, characteristic,
mannerism, idiosyncrasy; specificness &c. adj[obs3].;
singularity &c. (unconformity) 83; reading, version,
lection; state; trait; distinctive feature; technicality;
differentia.
particulars, details,
items, counts; minutiae.
I, self, I myself; myself,
himself, herself, itself.
V. specify, particularize,
individualize, realize, specialize,
designate, determine; denote, indicate, point out,
select.
descend to particulars,
enter into detail, go into detail, come to the
point.
Adj. special, particular,
individual, specific, proper, personal,
original, private, respective, definite, determinate,
especial, certain, esoteric, endemic, partial, party,
peculiar, appropriate, several, characteristic, diagnostic,
exclusive; singular &c. (exceptional) 83; idiomatic;
idiotypical; typical.
this, that; yon, yonder.
Adv. specially, especially,
particularly &c. adj.; in particular,
in propria persona[Lat]; ad hominem[Lat]; for my part.
each, apiece, one by
one, one at a time; severally, respectively, each
to each; seriatim, in detail, in great detail, in
excruciating detail, in mind-numbing detail; bit by
bit; pro hac vice[Lat], pro re nata[Lat].
namely, that is to say,
for example, id est, exemplia gratia[Lat],
e.g., i.e., videlicet, viz.; to wit.
Phr. le style est l’homme
meme[Fr].
%
5.
Order as regards categories
%
#80. Normality.
— N. normality, normalcy, normalness[obs3];
familiarity, naturalness; commonness (frequency)
136; rule, standard (conformity) 82; customary (habit)
613; standard, pattern (prototype) 22.
V. normalize, standardize.
Adj. normal, natural,
unexceptional; common, usual (frequency) 136;
#81. Multiformity.
— N. multiformity, omniformity[obs3]; variety,
diversity; multifariousness &c. adj.; varied assortment.
dissimilarity &c. 18.
Adj. polymorphous, multiform,
multifold, multifarious,
multigenerous[obs3], multiplex; heterogeneous, diversified,
dissimilar, various, varied, variform[obs3]; manifold,
many-sided; variegated, motley, mosaic; epicene, indiscriminate,
desultory, irregular; mixed, different, assorted,
mingled, odd, diverse, divers; all manner of; of every
description, of all sorts and kinds; et hoc genus omne[Lat];
and what not? de omnibus rebus et quibusdam aliis
[Lat].
jumbled, confused, mixed
up, discordant; inharmonious, unmatched,
unrelated, nonuniform.
omniform[obs3], omnigenous[obs3],
omnifarious[obs3]; protean (form)
240.
Phr. “harmoniously
confused” [Pope]; “variety’s the
very spice of
life” [Cowper].
#82. Conformity.
— N. {opp. 83} conformity, conformance;
observance;
habituation; naturalization; conventionality &c. (custom)
613; agreement &c. 23. example, instance, specimen,
sample, quotation; exemplification, illustration,
case in point; object lesson; elucidation.
standard, model, pattern
&c. (prototype) 22.
rule, nature, principle;
law; order of things; normal state, natural
state, ordinary state, model state, normal condition,
natural condition, ordinary condition, model condition;
standing dish, standing order; Procrustean law; law
of the Medes and Persians; hard and fast rule.
V. conform to, conform
to rule; accommodate oneself to, adapt oneself
to; rub off corners.
be regular &c. adj.;
move in a groove; follow observe the rules, go by
the rules, bend to the rules, obey the rules, obey
the precedents; comply with, tally with, chime in
with, fall in with; be guided by, be regulated by;
fall into a custom, fall into a usage; follow the fashion,
follow the crowd, follow the multitude; pass muster,
do as others do, hurler avec les loups [Fr]; stand
on ceremony; when in Rome do as the Romans do; go with
the stream, go with the flow, swim with the stream,
swim with the current, swim with the tide, blow with
the wind; stick to the beaten track &c. (habit) 613;
keep one in countenance.
exemplify, illustrate,
cite, quote, quote precedent, quote authority,
appeal to authority, put a case; produce an instance
&c. n.; elucidate, explain.
Adj. conformable to
rule; regular &c. 136; according to regulation,
according to rule, according to Hoyle, according to
Cocker, according to Gunter; en regle [Fr], selon
les regles[Fr], well regulated, orderly; symmetric
&c. 242.
conventional &c. (customary)
613; of daily occurrence, of everyday
occurrence; in the natural order of things; ordinary,
common, habitual, usual, everyday, workaday.
in the order of the
day; naturalized.
typical, normal, nominal,
formal; canonical, orthodox, sound, strict,
<— p. 26 —>
#83. Unconformity.—
N. {opp. 82} nonconformity &c. 82; unconformity,
disconformity; unconventionality, informality, abnormity[obs3],
abnormality, anomaly; anomalousness &c. adj[obs3].;
exception, peculiarity; infraction of law, breach,
of law, violation of law, violation of custom, violation
of usage, infringement of law, infringement of custom,
infringement of usage; teratism[obs3], eccentricity,
bizarrerie[obs3], oddity, je ne sais quoi[Fr], monster,
monstrosity, rarity; freak, freak of Nature, weirdo,
mutant; rouser, snorter* [U.S.].
individuality, idiosyncrasy,
originality, mannerism.
aberration; irregularity;
variety; singularity; exemption; salvo &c.
(qualification) 469.
nonconformist; nondescript,
character, original, nonesuch,
nonsuch[obs3], monster, prodigy, wonder, miracle,
curiosity, flying fish, black sheep, black swan, lusus
naturae[Lat], rara avis[Lat], queer fish; mongrel,
random breed; half-caste, half-blood, half-breed; metis[Lat],
crossbreed, hybrid, mule, hinny, mulatto; tertium quid[Lat],
hermaphrodite.
[mythical animal] phoenix,
chimera, hydra, sphinx, minotaur; griffin,
griffon; centaur; saggittary[obs3]; kraken, cockatrice,
wyvern, roc, dragon, sea serpent; mermaid, merman,
merfolk[obs3]; unicorn; Cyclops, “men whose
heads do grow beneath their shoulders” [Othello];
teratology.
[unconformable to the
surroundings] fish out of water; neither one
thing nor another, neither fish nor fowl, neither
fish flesh nor fowl nor good red herring; one in a
million, one in a way, one in a thousand; outcast,
outlaw; off the beaten track; oasis.
V. be uncomformable
&c. adj.; abnormalize[obs3]; leave the beaten
track, leave the beaten path; infringe a law, infringe
a habit, infringe a usage, infringe a custom, break
a law, break a habit, break a usage, break a custom,
violate a law, violate a habit, violate a usage, violate
a custom; drive a coach and six through; stretch a
point; have no business there; baffle all description,
<— p. 27 —> %
Section
V. Number
1. Number, in the abstract %
#84. Number. —
N. number, symbol, numeral, figure, cipher, digit,
integer; counter; round number; formula; function;
series.
sum, difference, complement,
subtrahend; product; multiplicand,
multiplier, multiplicator[obs3]; coefficient, multiple;
dividend, divisor, factor, quotient, submultiple[Math];
fraction, rational number; surd, irrational number;
transcendental number; mixed number, complex number,
complex conjugate; numerator, denominator; decimal,
circulating decimal, repetend; common measure, aliquot
part; prime number, prime, relative prime, prime factor,
prime pair; reciprocal; totient[obs3].
binary number, octal
number, hexadecimal number[Comp].
permutation, combination,
variation; election.
ratio, proportion, comparison
&c.464; progression; arithmetical
progression, geometrical progression, harmonical progression[obs3];
percentage, permilage.
figurate numbers[obs3],
pyramidal numbers, polygonal numbers.
#85. Numeration.
— N. numeration; numbering &c. v.; pagination;
tale, recension[obs3], enumeration, summation, reckoning,
computation, supputation[obs3]; calculation, calculus;
algorithm, algorism[obs3], rhabdology[obs3], dactylonomy[obs3];
measurement &c. 466; statistics.
arithmetic, analysis,
algebra, geometry, analytical geometry,
fluxions[obs3]; differential calculus, integral calculus,
infinitesimal calculus; calculus of differences.
[Statistics] dead reckoning,
muster, poll, census, capitation, roll
call, recapitulation; account &c. (list) 86.
[Operations] notation,
addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division, rule of three, practice, equations, extraction
of roots, reduction, involution, evolution, estimation,
approximation, interpolation, differentiation, integration.
[Instruments] abacus,
logometer[obs3], slide rule, slipstick[coll.],
tallies, Napier’s bones, calculating machine,
difference engine, suan-pan[obs3]; adding machine;
cash register; electronic calculator, calculator,
computer;
[people who calculate]
arithmetician, calculator, abacist[obs3],
algebraist, mathematician; statistician, geometer;
programmer; accountant, auditor.
V. number, count, tally,
tell; call over, run over; take an account
of, enumerate, muster, poll, recite, recapitulate;
sum; sum up, cast up; tell off, score, cipher, compute,
calculate, suppute[obs3], add, subtract, multiply,
divide, extract roots; algebraize[obs3].
check, prove, demonstrate,
balance, audit, overhaul, take stock; affix
numbers to, page.
amount to, add up to,
come to.
Adj. numeral, numerical;
arithmetical, analytic, algebraic,
statistical, numerable, computable, calculable; commensurable,
commensurate; incommensurable, incommensurate, innumerable,
unfathomable, infinite.
Adv. quantitatively;
arithmetically; measurably; in numbers.
#86. List. —
N. list, catalog, catalogue, inventory; register &c.
(record) 551.
account; bill, bill
of costs; terrier; tally, listing, itemization;
atlas; book, ledger; catalogue raisonne[Fr]; tableau;
invoice, bill of lading; prospectus; bill of fare,
menu, carte[Fr]; score, census, statistics, returns.
[list of topics in a
document] contents, table of contents, outline;
synopsis.
[list of topics in a
<— p. 28 —>
%
2. Determinate
number
%
#87. {opp. 100} Unity.
— N. unity; oneness &c. adj.; individuality;
solitude &c. (seclusion) 893; isolation &c. (disjunction)
44; unification &c. 48.
one, unit, ace; individual;
none else, no other.
V. be one, be alone
&c. adj.; dine with Duke Humphrey[obs3].
isolate &c. (disjoin) 44.
render one; unite &c.
(join) 43, (combine) 48.
Adj. one, sole, single,
solitary, unitary; individual, apart, alone;
kithless[obs3].
unaccompanied, unattended;
solus[Lat], single-handed; singular, odd,
unique, unrepeated[obs3], azygous, first and last;
isolated &c. (disjoined) 44; insular.
monospermous[obs3];
unific[obs3], uniflorous[obs3], unifoliate[obs3],
unigenital[obs3], uniliteral[obs3], unijocular[obs3],
unimodal [statistics], unimodular[obs3].
lone, lonely, lonesome;
desolate, dreary, insecable|,
inseverable[obs3], indiscerptible[obs3]; compact,
indivisible, atomic, irresolvable[obs3].
Adv. singly &c. adj.;
alone, by itself, per se, only, apart, in the
singular number, in the abstract; one by one, one
at a time; simply; one and a half, sesqui-[obs3].
Phr. natura il fece
[It], e poi roppe la stampa[It]; du fort au faible
[obs3][Fr]; “two souls with but a single thought,
two hearts that beat as one”.
#88. Accompaniment.
— N. accompaniment; adjunct &c. 39; context;
appendage, appurtenance.
coexistence, concomitance,
company, association, companionship;
partnership, copartnership; coefficiency[obs3].
concomitant, accessory,
coefficient; companion, buddy, attendant,
fellow, associate, friend, colleague; consort, spouse,
mate; partner, co-partner; satellite, hanger on,
fellow-traveller, shadow; escort, cortege; attribute.
V. accompany, coexist,
attend; hang on, wait on; go hand in hand with;
synchronize &c. 120; bear company, keep company; row
in the same boat; bring in its train; associate with,
#89. Duality. —
N. duality, dualism; duplicity; biplicity[obs3],
biformity[obs3]; polarity; two, deuce, couple, duet,
brace, pair, cheeks, twins, Castor and Pollux, gemini,
Siamese twins; fellows; yoke, conjugation; dispermy[obs3],
doublets, dyad, span.
V. pair[unite in pairs],
couple, bracket, yoke; conduplicate[obs3];
mate, span [U.S.].
Adj. two, twin; dual,
dualistic, double; binary, binomial; twin,
biparous[obs3]; dyadic[Math]; conduplicate[obs3];
duplex &c. 90; biduous[obs3], binate[obs3], diphyletic[obs3],
dispermic[obs3], unijugate[obs3]; tete-a-tete.
coupled &c. v.; conjugate.
both, both the one and
the other.
#90. Duplication.
— N. duplication; doubling &c. v.; gemination,
ingemination[obs3]; reduplication; iteration &c. (repetition)
104; renewal.
V. double, redouble,
duplicate, reduplicate; geminate; repeat &c. 104;
renew &c. 660.
Adj. double; doubled
&c. v.; bicipital[obs3], bicephalous[obs3],
bidental[obs3], bilabiate, bivalve, bivalvular[obs3],
bifold[obs3], biform[obs3], bilateral; bifarious[obs3],
bifacial[obs3]; twofold, two-sided; disomatous[obs3];
duplex; double-faced, double-headed; twin, duplicate,
ingeminate[obs3]; second.
Adv. twice, once more;
over again &c. (repeatedly) 104; as much again,
twofold; secondly, in the second place, again.
#91. [Division into
two parts.] bisection. — N. bisection,
bipartition; dichotomy, subdichotomy[obs3]; halving
&c. v.;
dimidiation[obs3].
bifurcation, forking,
branching, ramification, divarication; fork,
prong; fold; half, moiety.
V. bisect, halve, divide,
split, cut in two, cleave dimidiate[obs3],
dichotomize.
go halves, divide with.
separate, fork, bifurcate;
branch off, out; ramify.
Adj. bisected &c. v.;
cloven, cleft; bipartite, biconjugate[obs3],
bicuspid, bifid; bifurcous[obs3], bifurcate, bifurcated;
distichous, dichotomous, furcular[obs3]; semi-, demi-,
hemi[obs3].
<— p. 29 —>
#92. Triality.
— N. Triality[obs3], trinity; triunity[obs3].
three, triad, triplet,
trey, trio, ternion[obs3], leash; shamrock,
tierce[obs3], spike-team [U.S.], trefoil; triangle,
trident, triennium[obs3], trigon[obs3], trinomial,
trionym[obs3], triplopia[obs3], tripod, trireme, triseme[obs3],
triskele[obs3], triskelion, trisula[obs3].
third power, cube; cube
root.
Adj. three; triform[obs3],
trinal[obs3], trinomial; tertiary;
ternary; triune; triarch, triadie[obs3]; triple &c.
93.
Pref. tri-, tris-.
Phr. tria juncta in
uno[Lat].
#93. Triplication.
— N. triplication, triplicity[obs3];
trebleness[obs3], trine.
V. treble, triple;
triplicate, cube.
Adj. treble, triple;
tern, ternary; triplicate, threefold,
trilogistic[obs3]; third; trinal[obs3], trine.
Adv. three times, three
fold; thrice, in the third place, thirdly;
trebly &c. adj.
#94. [Division into
three parts.] Trisection. — N. trisection,
tripartition[obs3], trichotomy; third, third part.
V. trisect, divide into
three parts.
Adj. trifid; trisected
&c. v.; tripartite, trichotomous[obs3],
trisulcate[obs3].
Triadelphous[obs3],
triangular, tricuspid, tricapsular[obs3],
tridental[obs3], tridentate, tridentiferous[obs3],
trifoliate, trifurcate, trigonal[obs3], trigrammic[obs3],
trigrammatic[obs3], tripetalous[obs3], tripodal, tripodic[obs3],
triquetral[obs3], triquetrous[obs3].
<— note that square in the mathematical
sense is more related to two
than to four. Subdivide? —>
#95. Four. —
N. quaternity[obs3], four, tetrad, quartet, quaternion,
square, quarter.
[planar form with four
sides] tetract[obs3], tetragon, quadrangle,
rectangle.
[three dimensional object
with four surfaces] tetrahedron.
quadrature, quadrifoil,
quadriform, quadruplet; quatrefoil.
[object or animal with
four legs] tetrapod.
[geographical area with
four sides] quadrangle, quad[coll.].
[electromagnetic object]
quadrupole.
[four fundamental studies]
quadrivium.
V. reduce to a square,
square.
Adj. four; quaternary,
quaternal[obs3]; quadratic; quartile;
tetract[obs3], tetractic[obs3], tetractinal[obs3];
tetrad, tetragonal;
square, quadrate.
#96. Quadruplication.
— N. quadruplication.
V. multiply by four,
quadruplicate, biquadrate[obs3].
Adj. fourfold, four
times; quadrable[obs3], quadrumanous[obs3],
quadruple, quadruplicate, quadrible[obs3]; fourth.
quadrifoliate[obs3],
quadrifoliolate[obs3], quadrigeminal[obs3],
quadrigeminate[obs3], quadriplanar[obs3], quadriserial[obs3].
Adv. four times; in
the fourth place, fourthly.
#97. [Division into
four parts.] Quadrisection. — N. quadrisection,
quadripartition[obs3]; quartering &c. v; fourth; quart;
quarter, quartern[obs3]; farthing (i.e. fourthing)[obs3];
quadrant.
V. quarter, divide into
four parts.
Adj. quartered &c. v.;
quadrifid[obs3], quadripartite.
rectangular.
#98. Five, &c.
— N. five, cinque[Fr], quint, quincux[obs3];
six,
half-a-dozen, half dozen; seven; eight; nine, three
times three; dicker; ten, decade; eleven; twelve,
dozen; thirteen; long dozen, baker’s dozen;
quintuplet; twenty, score; twenty-four, four and twenty,
two dozen; twenty-five, five and twenty, quarter
of a hundred; forty, two score; fifty, half a hundred;
sixty, three score; seventy, three score and ten; eighty,
#99. Quinquesection,
&c. — N. division by five &c. 98; quinquesection
&c.; decimation; fifth &c.
V. decimate; quinquesect.
Adj. quinquefid, quinquelateral,
quinquepartite; quinqevalent,
pentavalent; quinquarticular[obs3]; octifid[obs3];
decimal, tenth, tithe; duodecimal, twelfth; sexagesimal[obs3],
sexagenary[obs3]; hundredth, centesimal; millesimal
&c. [obs3]
<— p. 30 —>
#100. {opp. 87} [More
than one.] Plurality. — N. plurality; a
number,
a certain number; one or two, two or three &c.; a
few, several; multitude &c. 102; majority.
[large number] multitude
&c. 102.
Adj. plural, more than
one, upwards of; some, several, a few; certain;
not alone &c. 87.
Adv. et cetera,
&c., etc.
among other things,
inter alia[Lat].
Phr. non deficit alter
[Lat].
%
3. Indeterminate
Number
%
#100a. [Less than one.]
Fraction — N. fraction, fractional part;
part
&c. 51.
Adj. fractional, fragmentary,
inconsiderable, negligible,
infinitesimal.
#101. Zero. —
N. zero, nothing; null, nul, naught, nought, void;
cipher, goose egg; none, nobody, no one; nichts[Ger.],
nixie*, nix*; zilch, zip, zippo [all slang]; not a
soul; ame qui vive[Fr]; absence &c. 187; unsubstantiality
&c. 4[obs3].
Adj. not one, not a
one, not any, nary a one [dial.]; not a, never a;
not a whit of, not an iota of, not a drop of, not
a speck of, not a jot; not a trace of, not a hint
of, not a smidgen of, not a suspicion of, not a shadow
of, neither hide nor hair of.
#102. Multitude.
— N. multitude; numerous &c. adj.; numerosity,
numerality; multiplicity; profusion &c. (plenty) 639;
legion, host; great number, large number, round number,
enormous number; a quantity, numbers, array, sight,
army, sea, galaxy; scores, peck, bushel, shoal, swarm,
draught, bevy, cloud, flock, herd, drove, flight, covey,
hive, brood, litter, farrow, fry, nest; crowd &c.
(assemblage) 72; lots; all in the world and his wife.
[Increase of number]
greater number, majority; multiplication,
multiple.
V. be numerous &c. adj.;
swarm with, teem with, creep with; crowd,
swarm, come thick upon; outnumber, multiply; people;
swarm like locusts, swarm like bees.
Adj. many, several,
sundry, divers, various, not a few; Briarean; a
hundred, a thousand, a myriad, a million, a quadrillion,
a nonillion, a thousand and one; some ten or a dozen,
some forty or fifty &c.; half a dozen, half a hundred
&c.; very many, full many, ever so many; numerous;
numerose[obs3]; profuse, in profusion; manifold, multiplied,
multitudinous, multiple, multinominal, teeming, populous,
peopled, crowded, thick, studded; galore.
thick coming, many more,
more than one can tell, a world of; no end
of, no end to; cum multis aliis[Lat]; thick as hops,
thick as hail; plenty as blackberries; numerous as
the stars in the firmament, numerous as the sands
on the seashore, numerous as the hairs on the head;
and what not, and heaven knows what; endless &c. (infinite)
105.
Phr. their name is “legion”;
acervatim[Lat]; en foule[Fr]; “many-
headed multitude” [Sidney]; “numerous
as glittering gems of morning dew” [Young];
vel prece vel pretio[Lat][obs3].
#103. Fewness.
— N. fewness &c. adj.; paucity, small number;
small
quantity &c. 32; rarity; infrequency &c. 137; handful,
maniple; minority; exiguity.
[Diminution of number]
reduction; weeding &c. v.; elimination,
sarculation|, decimation; eradication.
V. be few &c. adj.
render few &c. adj.;
reduce, diminish the number, weed, eliminate,
cull, thin, decimate.
Adj. few; scant, scanty;
thin, rare, scattered, thinly scattered,
spotty, few and far between, exiguous; infrequent
&c. 137; rari nantes[Latin]; hardly any, scarcely
any; to be counted on one’s fingers; reduced
&c. v.; unrepeated[obs3].
Adv. rarely, here and
there.
<— p. 31 —>
#104. Repetition.
— N. repetition, iteration, reiteration,
harping,
recurrence, succession, run; battology, tautology;
monotony, tautophony; rhythm &c. 138; diffuseness,
pleonasm, redundancy.
chimes, repetend, echo,
ritornello[obs3], burden of a song, refrain;
rehearsal; rechauffe[Fr], rifacimento[It], recapitulation.
cuckoo &c. (imitation)
19; reverberation &c. 408; drumming &c. (roll)
407; renewal &c. (restoration) 660.
twice-told tale; old
story, old song; second edition, new edition;
#105. Infinity.
— N. infinity, infinitude, infiniteness
&c. adj.;
perpetuity &c. 112; boundlessness. V. be infinite
&c. adj.; know no limits, have no limits, know no
bounds, have no bounds; go on for ever.
Adj. infinite; immense;
numberless, countless, sumless[obs3],
measureless; innumerable, immeasurable, incalculable,
illimitable, inexhaustible, interminable, unfathomable,
unapproachable; exhaustless, indefinite; without number,
without measure, without limit, without end; incomprehensible;
limitless, endless, boundless, termless[obs3]; untold,
unnumbered, unmeasured, unbounded, unlimited; illimited[obs3];
perpetual &c. 112.
Adv. infinitely &c.
adj.; ad infinitum.
Phr. “as boundless
as the sea” [Romeo and Juliet].
%
Section
vi. Time
1. Absolute time %
#106. Time. —
N. time, duration; period, term, stage, space, span,
spell, season; the whole time, the whole period; space-time;
course &c. 109; snap.
intermediate time, while, interim, interval,
pendency[obs3];
intervention, intermission, intermittence, interregnum,
interlude; respite.
era, epoch; time of life, age, year, date; decade
&c. (period) 108;
moment, &c. (instant) 113.
glass of time, sands of time, march of time,
Father Time, ravages of
<— p. 32 —>
#107. Neverness.
— N. “neverness”; absence of
time, no time; dies
non; Tib’s eve; Greek Kalends, a blue moon.
Adv. never, ne’er[contr];
at no time, at no period; on the second
Tuesday of the week, when Hell freezes over; on no
occasion, never in all one’s born days, nevermore,
sine die; in no degree.
#108. [Definite duration,
or portion of time.] Period. — N. period,
age, era; second, minute, hour, day, week, month,
quarter, year, decade, decenniumm lustrum[obs3], quinquennium,
lifetime, generation; epoch, ghurry[obs3], lunation[obs3],
moon.
century, millennium;
annus magnus[Lat].
Adj. horary[obs3]; hourly,
annual &c. (periodical) 138.
#108a. Contingent Duration.— Adv. during pleasure, during good behavior; quamdiu se bene gesserit[Latin].
#109. [Indefinite duration.]
Course. — N. corridors of time, sweep of
time, vesta of time[obs3], course of time, progress
of time, process of time, succession of time, lapse
of time, flow of time, flux of time, stream of time,
tract of time, current of time, tide of time, march
of time, step of time, flight of time; duration &c.
106.
[Indefinite time] aorist[obs3].
V. elapse, lapse, flow,
run, proceed, advance, pass; roll on, wear on,
press on; flit, fly, slip, slide, glide; run its course.
run out, expire; go
by, pass by; be -past &c. 122.
Adj. elapsing &c. v.;
aoristic[obs3]; progressive.
Adv. in due time, in
due season; in in due course, in due process, in
the fullness of time; in time.
Phr. labitur et labetur
[Lat][Horace]; truditur dies die
[Lat][Horace]; fugaces labuntur anni [Lat][Horace];
“tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow creeps in
this petty pace from day to day” [Macbeth].
#110. [Long duration.]
Diuturnity. — N. diuturnity[obs3]; a long
time, a length of time; an age, a century, an eternity;
slowness &c. 275; perpetuity &c. 112; blue moon, coon’s
age [U.S.], dog’s age.
durableness, durability;
persistence, endlessness, lastingness &c.
adj[obs3].; continuance, standing; permanence &c.
(stability) 150 survival, survivance[obs3]; longevity
&c. (age) 128; distance of time.
protraction of time,
prolongation of time, extension of time; delay
&c. (lateness) 133.
V. last, endure, stand,
remain, abide, continue, brave a thousand
years.
tarry &c. (be late)
133; drag on, drag its slow length along, drag a
lengthening chain; protract, prolong; spin out, eke
out, draw out, lengthen out; temporize; gain time,
make time, talk against time.
outlast, outlive; survive;
live to fight again.
Adj. durable; lasting
&c. v.; of long duration, of long-standing;
permanent, endless, chronic, long-standing; intransient[obs3],
intransitive; intransmutable[obs3], persistent; lifelong,
livelong; longeval[obs3], long-lived, macrobiotic,
diuturnal[obs3], evergreen, perennial; sempervirent[obs3],
sempervirid[obs3]; unrelenting, unintermitting[obs3],
unremitting; perpetual &c. 112.
lingering, protracted,
prolonged, spun out &c. v. long-pending, long-
winded; slow &c. 275.
Adv. long; for a long
time, for an age, for ages, for ever so long,
for many a long day; long ago &c. (in a past time)
122; longo intervallo[It].
all the day long, all
the year round; the livelong day, as the day is
long, morning noon and night; hour after hour, day
after day, &c.; for good; permanently &c. adj.
#111. [Short duration.]
Transientness. — N. transience, transientness
&c. adj[obs3].; evanescence, impermanence, fugacity[Chem],
caducity[obs3], mortality, span; nine days’
wonder, bubble, Mayfly; spurt; flash in the pan;
temporary arrangement, interregnum.
velocity &c. 274; suddenness
&c. 113; changeableness &c. 149.
transient, transient
boarder, transient guest [U.S.].
V. be transient &c.
adj.; flit, pass away, fly, gallop, vanish, fade,
evaporate; pass away like a cloud, pass away like
a summer cloud, pass away like a shadow, pass away
like a dream.
Adj. transient, transitory,
transitive; passing, evanescent, fleeting,
cursory, short-lived, ephemeral; flying &c. v.; fugacious,
fugitive; shifting, slippery; spasmodic; instantaneous,
momentaneous[obs3].
temporal, temporary;
provisional, provisory; deciduous; perishable,
mortal, precarious, unstable, insecure; impermanent.
brief, quick, brisk,
extemporaneous, summary; pressed for time &c.
(haste) 684; sudden, momentary &c. (instantaneous)
113.
Adv. temporarily &c.
adj.; pro tempore[Lat]; for the moment, for a
time; awhile, en passant[Fr], in transitu[Lat]; in
a short time; soon &c. (early) 132; briefly &c. adj.;
at short notice; on the point of, on the eve of; in
articulo; between cup and lip.
Phr. one’s days
are numbered; the time is up; here today and gone
tomorrow; non semper erit aestas[Lat][obs3]; eheu!
fugaces labuntur anni[Lat]; sic transit gloria mundi[Lat];
a schoolboy’s tale, the wonder of the hour!
[Byron]; dum loquimur fugerit invidia aetas[Lat][obs3];
fugit hora[Lat]; all that is transitory is but an
illusion [Goethe].
<— p. 33 —>
#112. [Endless duration.]
Perpetuity. — N. perpetuity, eternity,
everness[obs3], aye, sempiternity[obs3], immortality,
athanasia[obs3]; interminability[obs3], agelessness[obs3],
everlastingness &c. adj.; perpetuation; continued
existence, uninterrupted existence; perennity[obs3];
permanence (durability) 110.
V. last forever, endure
forever, go on forever; have no end.
eternize, perpetuate.
Adj. perpetual, eternal;
everduring[obs3], everlasting, ever-living,
ever-flowing; continual, sempiternal[obs3]; coeternal;
endless, unending; ceaseless, incessant, uninterrupted,
indesinent[obs3], unceasing; endless, unending, interminable,
having no end; unfading[obs3], evergreen, amaranthine;
neverending[obs3], never-dying, never-fading; deathless,
immortal, undying, imperishable.
Adv. perpetually &c.
adj.; always, ever, evermore, aye; for ever, for
aye, till the end of the universe, forevermore, forever
and a day, for ever and ever; in all ages, from age
to age; without end; world without end, time without
end; in secula seculorum[Lat]; to the end of time,
to the crack of doom, to the “last syllable
of recorded time” [Macbeth]; till doomsday;
constantly &c. (very frequently) 136.
Phr. esto perpetuum[Lat];
labitur et labetur in omne volubilis oevum
[Lat][Horace]; “but thou shall flourish in immortal
youth” [Addison]; “Eternity! thou pleasing,
dreadful thought” [Addison]; “her immortal
part with angels lives” [Romeo & Juliet]; ohne
Rast [Ger][Goethe’s motto]; ora e sempre[It].
#113. [Point of time]
Instantaneity. — N. instantaneity,
instantaneousness, immediacy; suddenness, abruptness.
moment, instant, second,
minute; twinkling, trice, flash, breath,
crack, jiffy, coup, burst, flash of lightning, stroke
of time.
epoch, time; time of
day, time of night; hour, minute; very minute
&c., very time, very hour; present time, right time,
true time, exact correct time.
V. be instantaneous
&c. adj.; twinkle, flash.
Adj. instantaneous,
momentary, sudden, immediate, instant, abrupt,
discontinuous, precipitous, precipitant, precipitate;
subitaneous[obs3], hasty; quick as thought, quick
as lightning, quick as a flash; rapid as electricity.
speedy, quick, fast,
fleet, swift, lively, blitz; rapid (velocity)
274.
Adv. instantaneously
&c. adj.; in no time, in less than no time;
presto, subito[obs3], instanter, suddenly, at a stroke,
like a shot; in a moment &c. n. in the blink of an
eye, in the twinkling of an eye, in a trice; in one’s
tracks; right away; toute a l’heure[Fr]; at one
jump, in the same breath, per saltum[Lat], uno saltu[Lat];
at once, all at once; plump, slap; “at one fell
swoop”; at the same instant &c. n.; immediately
&c. (early) 132; extempore, on the moment, on the spot,
on the spur of the moment; no sooner said than done;
just then; slap-dash &c. (haste) 684.
Phr. touch and go; no
sooner said than done.
#114. [Estimation, measurement,
and record of time.] Chronometry. —
N. chronometry, horometry[obs3], horology; date, epoch;
style, era.
almanac, calendar, ephemeris;
register, registry; chronicle, annals,
journal, diary, chronogram. [Instruments for the
measurement of time]; clock, wall clock, pendulum
clock, grandfather’s clock, cuckoo clock, alarm
clock, clock radio; watch, wristwatch, pocket watch,
stopwatch, Swiss watch; atomic clock, digital clock,
analog clock, quartz watch, water clock; chronometer,
chronoscope[obs3], chronograph; repeater; timekeeper,
timepiece; dial, sundial, gnomon, horologe, pendulum,
hourglass, clepsydra[obs3]; ghurry[obs3].
chronographer[obs3],
chronologer, chronologist, timekeeper; annalist.
calendar year, leap
year, Julian calendar, Gregorian calendar, Chinese
calendar, Jewish calendar, perpetual calendar, Farmer’s
almanac, fiscal year.
V. fix the time, mark
the time; date, register, chronicle; measure
time, beat time, mark time; bear date; synchronize
watches.
Adj. chronological,
chronometrical[obs3], chronogrammatical[obs3];
cinquecento[Fr], quattrocento[obs3], trecento[obs3].
Adv. o’clock.
#115. [False estimate
of time.] Anachronism. — N. anachronism,
metachronism, parachronism, prochronism; prolepsis,
misdate; anticipation, antichronism.
disregard of time, neglect
of time, oblivion of time.
intempestivity &c. 135[obs3].
V. misdate, antedate,
postdate, backdate, overdate[obs3]; anticipate;
take no note of time, lose track of time; anachronize[obs3].
Adj. misdated &c. v.;
undated; overdue, past due; out of date.
<— p. 34 —>
% 2. Relative time
Time with reference to Succession
%
#116. Priority.
— N. priority, antecedence, anteriority,
precedence,
pre-existence; precession &c. 280; precursor &c. 64;
the past &c. 122; premises.
V. precede, come before;
forerun; go before &c. (lead) 280; preexist;
dawn; presage &c. 511; herald, usher in.
be beforehand &c. (be
early) 132; steal a march upon, anticipate,
forestall; have the start, gain the start.
Adj. prior, previous;
preceding, precedent; anterior, antecedent; pre-
existing, pre-existent; former, foregoing; aforementioned,
before-mentioned, abovementioned; aforesaid, said;
introductory &c. (precursory) 64.
Adv. before, prior to;
earlier; previously &c. adj.; afore[obs3],
aforehand[obs3], beforehand, ere, theretofore, erewhile[obs3];
ere then, ere now, before then, before now; erewhile[obs3],
already, yet, beforehand; on the eve of.
Phr. prior tempore prior
jure[Lat].
#117. Posteriority.
— N. posteriority; succession, sequence;
following &c. 281.; subsequence, supervention; futurity
&c. 121; successor; sequel &c. 65; remainder, reversion.
V. follow &c. 281 after,
come after, go after; succeed, supervene;
ensue, occur; step into the shoes of.
Adj. subsequent, posterior,
following, after, later, succeeding,
postliminious[obs3], postnate[obs3]; postdiluvial[obs3],
postdiluvian[obs3]; puisne|!; posthumous; future &c.
121; afterdinner, postprandial.
Adv. subsequently, after,
afterwards, since, later; at a subsequent,
at a later period, at a later date; next, in the sequel,
close upon, thereafter, thereupon, upon which, eftsoons|;
from that time, from that moment; after a while, after
a time; in process of time.
#118. The Present
Time. — N. the present, the present time,
the
present day, the present moment, the present juncture,
the present occasion; the times, the existing time,
the time being; today, these days, nowadays, our
times, modern times, the twentieth century; nonce,
crisis, epoch, day, hour. age, time of life.
Adj. present, actual,
instant, current, existing, extant, that is;
present-day, up-to-date, up-to-the-moment.
Adv. at this time, at
this moment &c. 113; at the present time &c. n.;
now, at present; at hand.
at this time of day,
today, nowadays; already; even now, but now,
just now; on the present occasion; for the time being,
for the nonce; pro hac vice[Lat].; on the nail, on
the spot; on the spur of the moment, until now; to
this day, to the present day.
Phr. “the present
hour alone is man’s” [Johnson].
#119. [Time different
from the present.] Different time. — N.
different time, other time.
[Indefinite time] aorist.
Adj. aoristic; indefinite.
Adv. at that time, at
which time, at that moment, at that instant;
then, on that occasion, upon; not now, some other
time.
when; whenever, whensoever;
upon which, on which occasion; at another,
at a different, at some other, at any- time; at various
times; some one of these days, one of these days,
one fine morning; eventually, some day, by and by,
sooner or later; some time or other; once upon a time.
<— p. 35 —>
#120. Synchronism.
— N. synchronism; coexistence, coincidence;
simultaneousness, simultaneity &c. adj.; concurrence,
concomitance, unity of time, interim.
[Having equal times]
isochronism[obs3].
contemporary, coetanian[obs3].
V. coexist, concur,
accompany, go hand in hand, keep pace with;
synchronize.
Adj. synchronous, synchronal[obs3],
synchronic, synchronical,
synchronistical[obs3]; simultaneous, coexisting, coincident,
concomitant, concurrent; coeval, coevous[obs3]; contemporary,
contemporaneous; coetaneous[obs3]; coeternal; isochronous.
Adv. at the same time;
simultaneously &c. adj.; together, in concert,
during the same time; in the same breath; pari passu[Lat];
in the interim; as one.
at the very moment &c.
113; just as, as soon as; meanwhile &c. (while)
106.
#121. [Prospective time.]
Futurity. — N. futurity, futurition;
future, hereafter, time to come; approaching time,
coming time, subsequent time, after time, approaching
age, coming age, subsequent age, after age, approaching
days, coming days, subsequent days, after days, approaching
hours, coming hours, subsequent hours, after hours,
approaching ages, coming ages, subsequent ages, after
ages, approaching life, coming life, subsequent life,
after life, approaching years, coming years, subsequent
years, after years; morrow; millennium, doomsday, day
of judgment, crack of doom, remote future.
approach of time advent,
time drawing on, womb of time; destiny &c.
152; eventuality.
heritage, heirs posterity.
prospect &c. (expectation)
507; foresight &c. 510.
V. look forwards; anticipate
&c. (expect) 507, (foresee) 510;
forestall &c. (be early) 132.
come on, draw on; draw
near; approach, await, threaten; impend &c. (be
destined) 152.
Adj. future, to come;
coming &c. (impending) 152; next, near; close at
hand; eventual, ulterior; in prospect &c. (expectation)
507.
Adv. prospectively,
hereafter, in future; kal[obs3], tomorrow, the day
after tomorrow; in course of time, in process of time,
in the fullness of time; eventually, ultimately, sooner
or later; proximo[Lat]; paulo post futurum[Lat]; in
after time; one of these days; after a time, after
a while.
from this time; henceforth,
henceforwards[obs3]; thence; thenceforth,
thenceforward; whereupon, upon which.
soon &c. (early) 132;
on the eve of, on the point of, on the brink of;
about to; close upon.
Phr. quid sit futurum
cras fuge quaerere [Latin][Horace].
#122. [Retrospective
time.] The Past — N. the past, past time;
days
of yore, times of yore, days of old, times of old,
days past, times past, days gone by, times gone
by; bygone days; old times, ancient times, former
times; fore time; the good old days, the olden time,
good old time; auld lang syne[obs3]; eld|.
laudator temporis acti[Lat];
medievalist, Pre-Raphaelite; antiquary,
antiquarian; archmologist &c.[obs3]; Oldbuck, Dryasdust.
ancestry &c. (paternity)
166.
V. be past &c. adj.;
have expired &c. adj., have run its course, have
had its day; pass; pass by, go by, pass away, go away,
pass off, go off; lapse, blow over.
look back, trace back,
cast the eyes back; exhume.
Adj. past, gone, gone
by, over, passed away, bygone, foregone;
elapsed, lapsed, preterlapsed[obs3], expired, no more,
run out, blown over, has-been, that has been, extinct,
antediluvian, antebellum, never to return, gone with
the wind, exploded, forgotten, irrecoverable; obsolete
&c. (old) 124.
former, pristine, quondam,
ci-devant[Fr], late; ancestral.
foregoing; last, latter;
recent, over night; preterperfect[obs3],
preterpluperfect[obs3].
looking back &c. v.;
retrospective, retroactive; archaeological &c. n.
Adv. paleo-; archaeo-;
formerly; of old, of yore; erst[Ger], whilom,
erewhile[obs3], time was, ago, over; in the olden
time &c. n.; anciently, long ago, long since; a long
while, a long time ago; years ago, yesteryear, ages
ago; some time ago, some time since, some time back.
yesterday, the day before
yesterday; last year, ultimo; lately &c.
(newly) 123.
retrospectively; ere
now, before now, till now; hitherto, heretofore;
no longer; once, once upon a time; from time immemorial,
from prehistoric times; in the memory of man; time
out of mind; already, yet, up to this time; ex post
facto.
Phr. time was; the time
has been, the time hath been; you can’t go
home again; fuimus Troes [Lat][Vergil]; fruit Ilium
[Vergil]; hoc erat in more majorum[Lat]; “O
call back yesterday, bid time return” [Richard
ii]; tempi passati[It]; “the eternal landscape
of the past” [Tennyson]; ultimus Romanorum[Lat];
“what’s past is prologue” [Tempest];
“whose yesterdays look backward with a smile”
[Young].
<— p. 36 —>
#123. Newness.
— N. newness &c. adj.; novelty, recency;
immaturity;
youth &c. 127; gloss of novelty.
innovation; renovation
&c. (restoration) 660.
modernism; mushroom,
parvenu; latest fashion.
V. renew &c. (restore)
660; modernize.
Adj. new, novel, recent,
fresh, green; young &c. 127; evergreen; raw,
immature, unsettled, yeasty; virgin; untried, unhandseled[obs3],
#124. Oldness.
— N. oldness &c. adj[obs3].; age, antiquity;
cobwebs
of antiquity; maturity; decline, decay; senility &c.
128.
seniority, eldership,
primogeniture; archaism &c. (the past) 122;
thing of the past, relic of the past; megatherium[obs3];
Sanskrit.
tradition, prescription,
custom, immemorial usage, common law.
V. be old &c. adj.;
have had its day, have seen its day; become old
&c. adj.; age, fade, senesce.
Adj. old, ancient, antique;
of long standing, time-honored, venerable;
elder, eldest; firstborn.
prime; primitive, primeval,
primigenous[obs3]; paleolontological,
paleontologic, paleoanthropological, paleoanthropic[obs3],
paleolithic; primordial, primordinate[obs3]; aboriginal
&c. (beginning) 66; diluvian[obs3], antediluvian;
protohistoric[obs3]; prehistoric; antebellum, colonial,
precolumbian; patriarchal, preadamite[obs3]; paleocrystic[obs3];
fossil, paleozoolical, paleozoic, preglacial[obs3],
antemundane[obs3]; archaic, classic, medieval, Pre-Raphaelite,
ancestral, black-letter.
immemorial, traditional,
prescriptive, customary, whereof the memory
of man runneth not to the contrary; inveterate, rooted.
antiquated, of other
times, rococo, of the old school, after-age,
obsolete; out of date, out of fashion, out of it;
stale, old-fashioned, behind the age; old-world; exploded;
gone out, gone by; passe, run out; senile &c. 128;
time worn; crumbling &c. (deteriorated) 659; secondhand.
old as the hills, old
as Methuselah, old as Adam[obs3], old as
history.
[geological eras (list,
starting at given number of years bp)]
Archeozoic[5,000,000,000], Proterozoic[1,500,000,000],
Paleozoic[600,000,000], Mesozoic[220,000,000], Cenozoic[70,000,000].
[geological periods
(list)] Precambrian, Cambrian[600,000,000],
Ordovician[500,000,000], Silurian[440,000,000], Devonian[400,000,000],
Mississippian[350,000,000], Pennsylvanian[300,000,000],
Permian[270,000,000], Triassic[220,000,000], Jurassic[180,000,000],
Cretaceous[135,000,000]; Tertiary[70,000,000], Paleogene[70,000,000],
Neocene[25,0000,000]; Quaternary[1,000,000].
[geological epochs (list,
starting at 70,000,000 years bp)] Paleocene,
Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene,
Recent.
Adv. since the world
was made, since the year one, since the days of
Methuselah.
Phr. vetera extollimus
recentium incuriosi [Lat][Tacitus].
#125. Morning.
[Noon.] — N. morning, morn, forenoon, a.m.,
prime,
dawn, daybreak; dayspring[obs3], foreday[obs3], sunup;
peep of day, break of day; aurora; first blush of the
morning, first flush of the morning, prime of the
morning; twilight, crepuscule, sunrise; cockcrow,
cockcrowing[obs3]; the small hours, the wee hours of
the morning.
spring; vernal equinox,
first point of Aries.
noon; midday, noonday;
noontide, meridian, prime; nooning, noontime.
summer, midsummer.
Adj. matin, matutinal[obs3];
vernal.
Adv. at sunrise &c.
n.; with the sun, with the lark, “when the morning
dawns”.
Phr. “at shut
of evening flowers” [Paradise Lost]; entre chien
et
loup[Fr]; “flames in the forehead of the morning
sky” [Milton]; “the breezy call of incense-breathing
morn” [Gray].
#126. Evening.
[Midnight.] — N. evening, eve; decline of
day, fall of
day, close of day; candlelight, candlelighting[obs3];
eventide, nightfall, curfew, dusk, twilight, eleventh
hour; sunset, sundown; going down of the sun, cock-
shut, dewy eve, gloaming, bedtime.
afternoon, postmeridian,
p.m.
autumn; fall, fall of
the leaf; autumnal equinox; Indian summer, St.
Luke’s summer, St. Martin’s summer.
midnight; dead of night,
witching hour, witching hour of night,
witching time of night; winter; killing time.
Adj. vespertine, autumnal,
nocturnal.
Phr. “midnight,
the outpost of advancing day” [Longfellow]; “sable-
vested Night” [Milton]; “this gorgeous
arch with golden worlds inlay’d” [Young].
<— p. 37 —>
#127. Youth. —
N. youth; juvenility, juvenescence[obs3];
juniority[obs3]; infancy; babyhood, childhood, boyhood,
girlhood, youthhood[obs3]; incunabula; minority, nonage,
teens, tender age, bloom.
cradle, nursery, leading
strings, pupilage, puberty, pucelage[obs3].
prime of life, flower
of life, springtide of life[obs3], seedtime of
life, golden season of life; heyday of youth, school
days; rising generation.
Adj. young, youthful,
juvenile, green, callow, budding, sappy, puisne,
beardless, under age, in one’s teens; in statu
pupillari[Lat]; younger, junior; hebetic[obs3], unfledged.
Phr. “youth on
the prow and pleasure at the helm” [Gray];
“youth . . . the glad season of life”
[Carlyle].
#128. Age. —
N. age; oldness[obs3] &c. adj.; old age, advanced age,
golden years; senility, senescence; years, anility[obs3],
gray hairs, climacteric, grand climacteric, declining
years, decrepitude, hoary age, caducity[obs3], superannuation;
second childhood, second childishness; dotage; vale
of years, decline of life, “sear and yellow leaf”
[Macbeth]; threescore years and ten; green old age,
ripe age; longevity; time of life.
seniority, eldership;
elders &c. (veteran) 130; firstling; doyen,
father; primogeniture.
[Science of old age.]
#129. Infant.—
N. infant, babe, baby, babe in arms; nurseling,
suckling, yearling, weanling; papoose, bambino; kid;
vagitus.
child, bairn, little
one, brat, chit, pickaninny, urchin; bantling,
bratling[obs3]; elf; youth, boy, lad, stripling, youngster,
youngun, younker[obs3], callant[obs3], whipster[obs3],
whippersnapper, whiffet [obs3][U.S.], schoolboy, hobbledehoy,
hopeful, cadet, minor, master; scion; sap, seedling;
tendril, olive branch, nestling, chicken, larva, chrysalis,
tadpole, whelp, cub, pullet, fry, callow; codlin, codling;
foetus, calf, colt, pup, foal, kitten; lamb, lambkin[obs3];
aurelia[obs3], caterpillar, cocoon, nymph, nympha[obs3],
orphan, pupa, staddle[obs3].
girl; lass, lassie;
wench, miss, damsel, demoiselle; maid, maiden;
virgin; hoyden.
Adj. infantine[obs3],
infantile; puerile; boyish, girlish, childish,
babyish, kittenish; baby; newborn, unfledged, new-fledged,
callow.
in the cradle, in swaddling
clothes, in long clothes, in arms, in
leading strings; at the breast; in one’s teens.
#130. Veteran.—
N. veteran, old man, seer, patriarch, graybeard;
grandfather, grandsire; grandam; gaffer, gammer; crone;
pantaloon; sexagenarian, octogenarian, nonagenarian,
centenarian; old stager; dotard &c. 501.
preadamite[obs3], Methuselah,
Nestor, old Parr; elders; forefathers
&c. (paternity) 166.
Phr. “superfluous
lags the veteran on the stage” [Johnson].
<— p. 38 —>
#131. Adolescence.
— N. adolescence, pubescence, majority;
adultism;
adultness &c. adj.; manhood, virility, maturity full
age, ripe age; flower of age; prime of life, meridian
of life, spring of life. man &c. 373; woman &c. 374;
adult, no chicken.
V. come of age, come
to man’s estate, come to years of discretion;
attain majority, assume the toga virilis[Lat]; have
cut one’s eyeteeth, have sown one’s mild
oats.
Adj. adolescent, pubescent,
of age; of full age, of ripe age; out of
one’s teens, grown up, mature, full grown, in
one’s prime, middle-aged, manly, virile, adult;
womanly, matronly; marriageable, nubile.
% Time with reference to an Effect or Purpose %
#132. Earliness.
— N. {ant. 133} earliness &c. adj.; morning
&c. 125.
punctuality; promptitude
&c. (activity) 682; haste &c. (velocity) 274;
suddenness &c. (instantaneity) 113.
prematurity, precocity,
precipitation, anticipation; a stitch in time.
V. be early &c. adj.,
be beforehand &c. adv.; keep time, take time by
the forelock, anticipate, forestall; have the start,
gain the start; steal a march upon; gain time, draw
on futurity; bespeak, secure, engage, preengage[obs3].
accelerate; expedite
&c. (quicken) 274; make haste &c. (hurry) 684.
Adj. early, prime,
forward; prompt &c. (active) 682; summary.
premature, precipitate,
precocious; prevenient[obs3], anticipatory;
rath[obs3].
sudden &c. (instantaneous)
113; unexpected &c. 508; near, near at
hand; immediate.
Adv. early, soon, anon,
betimes, rath[obs3]; eft, eftsoons; ere long,
before long, shortly.
beforehand; prematurely
&c. adj.; precipitately &c. (hastily) 684; too
soon; before its time, before one’s time; in
anticipation; unexpectedly &c. 508.
suddenly &c. (instantaneously)
113; before one can say “Jack
Robinson”, at short notice, extempore; on the
spur of the moment, on the spur of the occasion [Bacon];
at once; on the spot, on the instant; at sight; offhand,
out of hand; a’ vue d’oeil[Fr]; straight,
straightway, straightforth[obs3]; forthwith, incontinently,
summarily, immediately, briefly, shortly, quickly,
speedily, apace, before the ink is dry, almost immediately,
presently at the first opportunity, in no long time,
by and by, in a while, directly.
Phr. no sooner said
than done, immediately, if not sooner; tout vient
a temps pour qui sait attendre[Fr].
#132a. Punctuality
— N. punctuality, promptness, immediateness.
V. be prompt, be on
time, be in time; arrive on time; be in the nick
of time.
Adj. timely, seasonable,
in time, punctual, prompt.
Adv. on time, punctually,
at the deadline, precisely, exactly; right
on time, to the minute; in time; in good time, in
military time, in pudding time|, in due time; time
enough; with no time to spare, by a hair’s breadth.
Phr. touch and go, not
a minute too soon, in the nick of time, just
under the wire, get on board before the train leaves
the station.
#133. Lateness.
— N. {ant. 132} lateness &c. adj.; tardiness
&c.
(slowness) 275.
delay, delation; cunctation,
procrastination; deferring, deferral &c.
v.; postponement, adjournment, prorogation, retardation,
respite, pause, reprieve, stay of execution; protraction,
prolongation; Fabian policy, medecine expectante[Fr],
chancery suit, federal case; leeway; high time; moratorium,
holdover.
V. be late &c. adj.;
tarry, wait, stay, bide, take time; dawdle &c.
(be inactive) 683; linger, loiter; bide one’s
time, take one’s time; gain time; hang fire;
stand over, lie over.
put off, defer, delay,
lay over, suspend; table [parliamentary]; shift
off, stave off; waive, retard, remand, postpone, adjourn;
procrastinate; dally; prolong, protract; spin out,
draw out, lengthen out, stretch out; prorogue; keep
back; tide over; push to the last, drive to the last;
let the matter stand over; reserve &c. (store) 636;
temporize; consult one’s pillow, sleep on it.
lose an opportunity
&c. 135; be kept waiting, dance attendance; kick
one’s heels, cool one’s heels; faire antichambre[Fr][obs3];
wait impatiently; await &c. (expect) 507; sit up,
sit up at night.
Adj. late, tardy, slow,
behindhand, serotine[obs3], belated,
postliminious[obs3], posthumous, backward, unpunctual,
untimely; delayed, postponed; dilatory &c. (slow)
275; delayed &c. v.; in abeyance.
Adv. late; lateward[obs3],
backward; late in the day; at sunset, at
the eleventh hour, at length, at last; ultimately;
after time, behind time, after the deadline; too late;
too late for &c. 135.
slowly, leisurely, deliberately,
at one’s leisure; ex post facto; sine
die [parl.].
Phr. nonum prematur
in annum [Lat][Horace]; “against the sunbeams
serotine and lucent” [Longfellow]; ie meglio
tardi che mai[It]; deliberando saepe perit occasio
[Lat][Syrus].
<— p. 39 —>
#134. Occasion.
— N. {ant. 135} timeliness, occasion, opportunity,
opening, room; event (eventuality) 151; suitable season,
proper season, suitable time, proper time; high time;
opportuneness &c. adj.; tempestivity[obs3].
crisis, turn, juncture,
conjuncture; crisis, turning point, given
time.
nick of time; golden
opportunity, well timed opportunity, fine
opportunity, favorable opportunity, opening; clear
stage, fair field; mollia tempora[Lat][obs3]; fata
Morgana[Lat]; spare time &c. (leisure) 685.
V. seize &c. (take)
789 an opportunity, use &c. 677 an opportunity,
give &c. 784 an opportunity, use an occasion; improve
the occasion.
suit the occasion &c.
(be expedient) 646.
seize the occasion,
strike while the iron is hot, battre le fer sur
l’enclume[Fr], make hay while the sun shines,
seize the present hour, take time by the forelock,
prendre la balle au bond[Fr].
Adj. opportune, timely,
well-timed, timeful[obs3], seasonable.
providential, lucky,
#135. Untimeliness
— N. {ant. 134} untimeliness,
intempestivity[obs3], unseasonableness, inexpedience;
unsuitable time, improper time; unreasonableness &c.
adj; evil hour; contretemps; intrusion; anachronism
&c. 115.
bad time, wrong time,
inappropriate time, not the right occasion,
unsuitable time, inopportune time, poor timing.
V. be ill timed &c.
adj.; mistime, intrude, come amiss, break in upon;
have other fish to fry; be busy, be occupied.
lose an opportunity,
throw away an opportunity, waste an opportunity,
neglect &c. 460 an opportunity; allow the opportunity
to pass, suffer the opportunity to pass, allow the
opportunity to slip, suffer the opportunity to slip,
allow the opportunity to go by, suffer the opportunity
to go by, allow the opportunity to escape, suffer
the opportunity to escape, allow the opportunity to
lapse, suffer the opportunity to lapse, allow the
occasion to pass, allow the occasion to slip by; waste
time &c. (be inactive) 683; let slip through the fingers,
lock the barn door after the horse is stolen.
Adj. ill-timed, mistimed;
ill-fated, ill-omened, ill-starred;
untimely, unseasonable; out of date, out of season;
inopportune, timeless, intrusive, untoward, mal a
propos[Fr], unlucky, inauspicious, infelicitous, unbefitting,
unpropitious, unfortunate, unfavorable; unsuited &c.
24; inexpedient &c. 647.
unpunctual &c. (late)
133; too late for; premature &c. (early) 132;
too soon for; wise after the event, monday morning
quarterbacking, twenty-twenty hindsight.
Adv. inopportunely &c.
adj.; as ill luck would have it, in an evil
hour, the time having gone by, a day after the fair.
Phr. after death the
doctor, after meat mustard.
% 3. Recurrent time %
#136. Frequency.
— N. frequency, oftness[obs3], oftenness[obs3],
commonness; repetition &c. 104; normality &c. 80;
example (conformity) 82; routine, custom (habit) 613.
regularity, uniformity,
constancy, clock-work precision; punctuality
&c. (exactness) 494; even tenor; system; routine &c.
(custom) 613; formula; rule &c. (form, regulation)
697; keynote, standard, model; precedent &c. (prototype)
22; conformity &c. 82.
V. recur &c. 104; do
nothing but; keep, keep on.
Adj. frequent, many
times, not rare, thickcoming[obs3], incessant,
perpetual, continual, steady, constant, thick; uniform;
repeated &c. 104; customary &c. 613 (habit) 613; regular
(normal) 80; according to rule &c. (conformable) 82.
common, everyday, usual,
ordinary, familiar.
old-hat, boring, well-known,
trivial.
Adv. often, oft; ofttimes[obs3],
oftentimes; frequently; repeatedly
&c. 104; unseldom[obs3], not unfrequently[obs3]; in
quick succession, in rapid succession; many a time
and oft; daily, hourly &c.; every day, every hour,
every moment &c.
perpetually, continually,
constantly, incessantly, without ceasing, at
all times, daily and hourly, night and day, day and
night, day after day, morning noon and night, ever
anon, invariably (habit) 613.
most often; commonly
&c. (habitually) 613.
sometimes, occasionally,
at times, now and then, from time to time,
there being times when, toties quoties[Lat][obs3],
often enough, when the mood strikes, again and again.
<— p. 40 —>
#137. Infrequency.—
N. infrequency, rareness, rarity; fewness &c.
103; seldomness[obs3]; uncommonness.
V. be rare &c. adj.
Adj. unfrequent[obs3],
infrequent; rare, rare as a blue diamond; few
&c. 103; scarce; almost unheard of, unprecedented,
which has not occurred within the memory of the oldest
inhabitant, not within one’s previous experience;
not since Adam[obs3].
scarce as hen’s
teeth; one in a million; few and far between.
Adv. seldom, rarely,
scarcely, hardly; not often, not much,
infrequently, unfrequently[obs3], unoften[obs3]; scarcely,
scarcely ever, hardly ever; once in a blue moon.
once; once in a blue
moon; once in a million years; once for all, once
in a way; pro hac vice[Lat].
Phr. ein mal kein mal[German].
#138. Regularity
of recurrence. Periodicity. — N. periodicity,
intermittence; beat; oscillation &c. 314; pulse, pulsation;
rhythm; alternation, alternateness, alternativeness,
alternity[obs3].
bout, round, revolution,
rotation, turn, say.
anniversary, jubilee,
centenary.
catamenia[obs3]; courses,
menses, menstrual flux.
[Regularity of return]
rota, cycle, period, stated time, routine; days
of the week; Sunday, Monday &c.; months of the year;
January &c.; feast, fast &c.; Christmas, Easter, New
Year’s day &c.
#139. Irregularity
of recurrence. — N. irregularity, uncertainty,
unpunctuality; fitfulness &c. adj.; capriciousness,
ecrhythmus|.
Adj. irregular, uncertain,
unpunctual, capricious, desultory, fitful,
flickering; rambling, rhapsodical; spasmodic; immethodical[obs3],
unmethodical, variable.
Adv. irregularly &c.
adj.; by fits and starts &c. (discontinuously)
70.
% Section VII. Change
1. Simple change %
#140. [Difference at
different times.] Change. — N. change,
alteration, mutation, permutation, variation, modification,
modulation, inflexion, mood, qualification, innovation,
metastasis, deviation, turn, evolution, revolution;
diversion; break.
transformation, transfiguration;
metamorphosis; transmutation;
deoxidization[Chem]; transubstantiation; mutagenesis[Genet],
transanimation[obs3], transmigration, metempsychosis|;
avatar; alterative.
conversion &c. (gradual
change) 144; revolution &c. (sudden or radical
change) 146 inversion &c. (reversal) 218; displacement
&c. 185; transference &c. 270.
changeableness &c. 149;
tergiversation &c. (change of mind)
607.
V. change, alter, vary,
wax and wane; modulate, diversify, qualify,
tamper with; turn, shift, veer, tack, chop, shuffle,
swerve, warp, deviate, turn aside, evert, intervert[obs3];
pass to, take a turn, turn the corner, resume.
work a change, modify,
vamp, superinduce; transform, transfigure,
transmute, transmogrify, transume[obs3]; metamorphose,
ring the changes.
innovate, introduce
new blood, shuffle the cards; give a turn to, give
<— p. 41 —>
#141. [Absence of change.]
Permanence. — N. stability &c. 150;
quiescence &c. 265; obstinacy &c. 606.
permanence, persistence,
endurance; durability; standing, status quo;
maintenance, preservation, conservation; conservation;
law of the Medes and Persians; standing dish.
V. let alone, let be,
let it be; persist, remain, stay, tarry, rest;
stet [copy editing]; hold, hold on; last, endure,
bide, abide, aby[obs3], dwell, maintain, keep; stand,
stand still, stand fast; subsist, live, outlive, survive;
hold one’s ground, keep one’s ground, hold
one’s footing, keep one’s footing; hold
good.
Adj. stable &c. 150;
persisting &c. v.; permanent; established;
unchanged &c. (change &c. 140); renewed; intact, inviolate;
persistent; monotonous, uncheckered[obs3]; unfailing.
undestroyed, unrepealed,
unsuppressed[obs3]; conservative, qualis ab
incepto[Lat]; prescriptive &c. (old) 124; stationary
&c. 265.
Adv. in statu quo[Lat];
for good, finally; at a stand, at a
standstill; uti possidetis[Lat]; without a shadow
of turning.
Phr. esto perpetua[Lat];
nolumus leges Angliae mutari[Lat][obs3]; j’y
suis et j’y ereste[Fr].
#142. [Change from action
to rest.] Cessation. — N. cessation,
discontinuance, desistance, desinence[obs3].
intermission, remission;
suspense, suspension; interruption; stop;
stopping &c. v.; closure, stoppage, halt; arrival
&c. 292. pause, rest, lull, respite, truce, drop;
interregnum, abeyance; cloture [U.S. congress].
dead stop, dead stand,
dead lock; finis, cerrado[Sp]; blowout,
burnout, meltdown, disintegration; comma, colon,
semicolon, period, full stop; end &c. 67; death &c.
360.
V. cease, discontinue,
desist, stay, halt; break off, leave off; hold,
stop, pull up, stop short; stick, hang fire; halt;
pause, rest; burn out, blow out, melt down.
have done with, give
over, surcease, shut up shop; give up &c.
(relinquish) 624.
hold one’s hand,
stay one’s hand; rest on one’s oars repose
on one’s
laurels.
come to a stand, come
to a standstill; come to a deadlock, come to a
full stop; arrive &c. 292; go out, die away; wear
#143. Continuance
in action. — N. continuance, continuation;
run;
perpetuation, prolongation; persistence &c. (perseverance)
604a; repetition &c. 104.
V. continue, persist;
go on, jog on, keep on, run on, hold on; abide,
keep, pursue, stick to its course, take its course,
maintain its course; carry on, keep up.
sustain, uphold, hold
up, keep on foot; follow up, perpetuate;
maintain; preserve &c. 604a; harp upon &c. (repeat)
104.
keep going, keep alive,
keep the pot boiling, keep up the ball, keep
up the good work; die in harness, die with one’s
boots on; hold on the even tenor of one’s way,
pursue the even tenor of one’s way.
let be; stare super
antiquas vias[Lat][obs3]; quieta non movere[Lat];
let things take their course; stare decisis [Lat][Jurisprudence].
Adj. continuing &c.
v.; uninterrupted, unintermitting[obs3],
unvarying, unshifting[obs3]; unreversed[obs3], unstopped,
unrevoked, unvaried; sustained; undying &c. (perpetual)
112; inconvertible.
Int. keep it up! go
to it! right away! right on! attaboy!
Phr. nolumus leges Angliae
mutari[Lat][obs3]; vestigia nulla retrorsum
[Lat][Horace]; labitur et albetur [Lat][obs3][Horace].
<— p. 42 —>
#144. [Gradual change
to something different.] Conversion. — N.
conversion, reduction, transmutation, resolution,
assimilation; evolution, sea change; change of state;
assumption; naturalization; transportation; development
[biol.], developing [photography].
[conversion of currency]
conversion of currency, exchange of currency;
exchange rate; bureau de change.
chemistry, alchemy;
progress, growth, lapse, flux.
passage; transit, transition;
transmigration, shifting &c. v.; phase;
conjugation; convertibility.
crucible, alembic, caldron,
retort.
convert, pervert, renegade,
apostate.
V. be converted into;
become, get, wax; come to, turn to, turn into,
evolve into, develop into; turn out, lapse, shift;
run into, fall into, pass into, slide into, glide
into, grow into, ripen into, open into, resolve itself
into, settle into, merge into, emerge as; melt, grow,
come round to, mature, mellow; assume the form of,
assume the shape of, assume the state of, assume the
nature of, assume the character of; illapse|; begin
a new phase, assume a new phase, undergo a change.
#145. Reversion.
— N. reversion, return; revulsion.
turning point, turn
of the tide; status quo ante bellum; calm before a
storm; alternation &c. (periodicity) 138; inversion
&c. 219; recoil &c. 277; retreat, regression, retrogression
&c. 283; restoration &c. 660; relapse, recidivism
&c. 661; atavism; vicinism[obs3];
V. revert, turn back,
regress; relapse &c. 661; recoil &c. 277;
retreat &c. 283; restore &c. 660; undo, unmake; turn
the tide, roll back the tide, turn the scale, tip
the scale.
Adj. reverting &c. v.;
regressive, revulsive, reactionary;
retrorse[obs3].
Adv. a rebours[Fr].
#146. [Sudden or violent
change.] Revolution. — N. revolution,
bouleversement, subversion, break up; destruction
&c. 162; sudden change, radical change, sweeping organic
change; change of state, phase change; quantum leap,
quantum jump; clean sweep, coup d’etat[Fr], counter
revolution.
jump, leap, plunge,
jerk, start, transilience|; explosion; spasm,
convulsion, throe, revulsion; storm, earthquake, cataclysm.
legerdemain &c. (trick)
545.
V. revolutionize; new
model, remodel, recast; strike out something
new, break with the past; change the face of, unsex.
Adj. unrecognizable;
revolutionary.
#147. [Change of one
thing for another.] Substitution. — N.
substitution, commutation; supplanting &c. v.; metaphor,
metonymy &c. (figure of speech) 521.
[Thing substituted]
substitute, ersatz, makeshift, temporary
expedient, replacement, succedaneum; shift, pis aller[Fr],
stopgap, jury rigging, jury mast, locum tenens, warming
pan, dummy, scapegoat; double; changeling; quid pro
quo, alternative.
representative &c. (deputy)
759; palimpsest.
price, purchase money,
consideration, equivalent.
V. substitute, put in
the place of, change for; make way for, give
place to; supply the place of, take the place of;
supplant, supersede, replace, cut out, serve as a
substitute; step into stand in the shoes of; jury
rig, make a shift with, put up with; borrow from Peter
to pay Paul, take money out of one pocket and put
it in another, cannibalize; commute, redeem, compound
for.
Adj. substituted &c.;
ersatz; phony; vicarious, subdititious[obs3].
Adv. instead; in place
of, in lieu of, in the stead of, in the room
of; faute de mieux[Fr].
#148. [Double or mutual
change.] Interchange. — N. interchange,
exchange; commutation, permutation, intermutation;
reciprocation, transposition, rearrangement; shuffling;
alternation, reciprocity; castling [at chess]; hocus-pocus.
interchangeableness[obs3],
interchangeability.
recombination; combination
48[ref], 84..
barter &c. 794; tit
for tat &c. (retaliation) 718; cross fire,
battledore and shuttlecock; quid pro quo.
V. interchange, exchange,
counterchange[obs3]; bandy, transpose,
shuffle, change bands, swap, permute, reciprocate,
commute; give and take, return the compliment; play
at puss in the corner, play at battledore and shuttlecock;
retaliate &c. 718; requite.
rearrange, recombine.
Adj. interchanged &c.
v.; reciprocal, mutual, commutative,
interchangeable, intercurrent[obs3].
combinatorial[Math,
Statistics].
recombinant[Biology,
Genetics].
Adv. in exchange, vice
versa, mutatis mutandis[Lat], backwards and
forwards, by turns, turn and turn about; each in his
turn, everyone in his turn.
Adj. substituted &c.
v.; vicarious, subdititious[obs3].
Adv. instead; in place
of, in lieu of, in the stead of, in the room
of; faute de mieux[Fr].
<— p. 43 —> % 2. Complex change %
#149. Changeableness.
— N. changeableness &c. adj.; mutability,
inconstancy; versatility, mobility; instability, unstable
equilibrium; vacillation &c. (irresolution) 605; fluctuation,
vicissitude; alternation &c. (oscillation) 314. restlessness
&c. adj. fidgets, disquiet; disquietude, inquietude;
unrest; agitation &c. 315.
moon, Proteus, chameleon,
quicksilver, shifting sands, weathercock,
harlequin, Cynthia of the minute, April showers[obs3];
wheel of Fortune; transientness &c. 111[obs3].
V. fluctuate, vary,
waver, flounder, flicker, flitter, flit, flutter,
shift, shuffle, shake, totter, tremble, vacillate,
wamble[obs3], turn and turn about, ring the changes;
sway to and fro, shift to and fro; change and change
about; waffle, blow with the wind (irresolute) 605;
oscillate &c. 314; vibrate between, two extremes,
oscillate between, two extremes; alternate; have as
man phases as the moon.
Adj. changeable, changeful;
changing &c. 140; mutable, variable,
checkered, ever changing; protean, proteiform|; versatile.
unstaid[obs3], inconstant;
unsteady, unstable, unfixed, unsettled;
fluctuating &c. v.; restless; agitated &c. 315; erratic,
fickle; irresolute &c. 605; capricious &c. 608; touch
and go; inconsonant, fitful, spasmodic; vibratory;
vagrant, wayward; desultory; afloat; alternating; alterable,
plastic, mobile; transient &c. 111; wavering.
Adv. seesaw &c. (oscillation)
314; off and on.
Phr. “a rolling stone gathers no moss”;
pictra mossa non fa muschis[It]; honores mutant mores[Lat];
varium et mutabile semper femina [Lat][Vergil].
#150. Stability.
— N. stability; immutability &c. adj.;
unchangeability, &c. adj.; unchangeableness|!; constancy;
stable equilibrium, immobility, soundness, vitality,
stabiliment[obs3], stiffness, ankylosis[obs3], solidity,
aplomb.
establishment, fixture;
rock, pillar, tower, foundation, leopard’s
spots, Ethiopia’s skin.
permanence &c. 141;
obstinacy &c. 606.
V. be firm &c. adj.;
stick fast; stand firm, keep firm, remain firm;
weather the storm, stay the course, stick to the
course, keep the faith, don’t give in, don’t
buckle under.
settle, establish, stablish[obs3],
ascertain, fix, set,
stabilitate[obs3]; retain, keep hold; make good, make
sure; fasten &c. (join) 43; set on its legs, float;
perpetuate.
settle down; strike
roots, put down roots, take root; take up one’s
abode &c. 184; build one’s house on a rock.
Adj. unchangeable, immutable;
unaltered, unalterable; not to be
changed, constant; permanent &c. 141; invariable,
undeviating; stable, durable; perennial &c. (diuturnal)
110[obs3].
fixed, steadfast, firm,
fast, steady, balanced; confirmed, valid;
fiducial[obs3]; immovable, irremovable, riveted, rooted;
settled, established &c. v.; vested; incontrovertible,
stereotyped, indeclinable.
tethered, anchored,
moored, at anchor, on a rock, rock solid, firm as
a rock; firmly seated, firmly established &c. v.;
deep-rooted, ineradicable; inveterate; obstinate &c.
606.
transfixed, stuck fast,
aground, high and dry, stranded.
[movable object rendered
unmovable] stuck, jammed; unremovable;
quiescent &c. 265; deterioration &c. 659.
indefeasible, irretrievable,
intransmutable[obs3], incommutable[obs3],
irresoluble[obs3], irrevocable, irreversible, reverseless[obs3],
inextinguishable, irreducible; indissoluble, indissolvable[obs3];
indestructible, undying, imperishable, incorruptible,
indelible, indeciduous[obs3]; insusceptible, insusceptible
of change.
Int. stet.
Phr. littera scripta
manet[Lat].
<— p. 44 —>
% Present Events %
#151. Eventuality.
— N. eventuality, event, occurrence, incident,
affair, matter, thing, episode, happening, proceeding,
contingency, juncture, experience, fact; matter of
fact; naked fact, bare facts, just the facts; phenomenon;
advent.
business, concern,
transaction, dealing, proceeding; circumstance,
particular, casualty, accident, adventure, passage,
crisis, pass, emergency, contingency, consequence;
opportunity (occasion) 143.
the world, life, things,
doings, affairs in general; things in
general, affairs in general; the times, state of affairs,
order of the day; course of things, tide of things,
stream of things, current of things, run of things,
march of things, course of events; ups and downs of
life, vicissitudes of life; chapter of accidents &c.
(chance) 156; situation &c. (circumstances) 8.
% Future Events %
#152. Destiny.
— N. destiny &c. (necessity) 601; future
existence,
post existence; hereafter; future state, next world,
world to come, after life; futurity &c. 121; everlasting
life, everlasting death; life beyond the grave, world
beyond the grave; prospect &c. (expectation) 507.
V. impend; hang over,
lie over; threaten, loom, await, come on,
approach, stare one in the face; foreordain, preordain;
predestine, doom, have in store for.
Adj. impending &c. v.;
destined; about to be, happen; coming, in
store, to come, going to happen, instant, at hand,
near; near, close at hand; over hanging, hanging over
one’s head, imminent; brewing, preparing, forthcoming;
in the wind, on the cards, in reserve; that will, is
to be; in prospect &c. (expected) 507; looming in
the distance, horizon, future; unborn, in embryo;
in the womb of time, futurity; pregnant &c. (producing)
161.
Adv. in time, the long
run; all in good time; eventually &c. 151;
whatever may happen &c. (certainly) 474; as chance
&c. 156 would have it.
% Section VIII. Causation
1. Constancy of sequence in events %
#153. [Constant antecedent].
Cause.— N. cause, origin, source,
principle, element; occasioner[obs3], prime mover,
primum mobile[Lat]; vera causa[Lat]; author &c. (producer)
164; mainspring; agent; leaven; groundwork, foundation
&c. (support) 215.
spring, fountain, well,
font; fountainhead, spring head, wellhead;
fons et origo[Lat], genesis; descent &c. (paternity)
166; remote cause; influence.
pivot, hinge, turning
point, lever, crux, fulcrum; key; proximate
cause, causa causans[Lat]; straw that breaks the
camel’s back.
ground; reason, reason
why; why and wherefore, rationale, occasion,
derivation; final cause &c. (intention) 620; les dessous
des cartes[Fr]; undercurrents.
rudiment, egg, germ,
embryo, bud, root, radix radical, etymon,
nucleus, seed, stem, stock, stirps, trunk, tap-root,
gemmule[obs3], radicle, semen, sperm.
nest, cradle, nursery,
womb, nidus, birthplace, hotbed.
causality, causation;
origination; production &c. 161.
V. be the cause &c.
n of; originate; give origin to, give rise, to,
give occasion to; cause, occasion, sow the seeds of,
kindle, suscitate[obs3]; bring on, bring to bring
pass, bring about; produce; create &c. 161; set up,
set afloat, set on foot; found, broach, institute,
lay the foundation of; lie at the root of.
procure, induce, draw
down, open the door to, superinduce, evoke,
entail, operate; elicit, provoke.
conduce to &c. (tend
to) 176; contribute; have a hand in the pie, have
a finger in the pie; determine, decide, turn the scale;
have a common origin; derive its origin &c. (effect)
154.
Adj. caused &c. v; causal,
original; primary, primitive, primordial;
aboriginal; protogenal[obs3]; radical; embryonic,
embryotic[obs3]; in embryo, in ovo[Lat]; seminal,
germinal; at the bottom of; connate, having a common
origin.
Adv. because &c. 155;
behind the scenes.
Phr. causa latet vis
est notissima [Lat][Ovid]; felix qui potuit rerum
cognoscere causas [Lat][Vergil].
<— p. 45 —>
#154. [Constant sequent.]
Effect.— N. effect, consequence;
aftergrowth[obs3], aftercome[obs3]; derivative, derivation;
result; resultant, resultance[obs3]; upshot, issue,
denouement; end &c. 67; development, outgrowth, fruit,
crop, harvest, product, bud.
production, produce,
work, handiwork, fabric, performance; creature,
creation; offspring, offshoot; firstfruits[obs3],
firstlings; heredity, telegony[obs3]; premices premises[obs3].
V. be the effect of
&c. n.; be due to, be owing to; originate in,
originate from; rise -, arise, take its rise spring
from, proceed from, emanate from, come from, grow
from, bud from, sprout from, germinate from, issue
from, flow from, result from, follow from, derive its
origin from, accrue from; come to, come of, come
out of; depend upon, hang upon, hinge upon, turn upon.
take the consequences,
#155. [Assignment of
cause] Attribution — N. attribution, theory,
etiology, ascription, reference to, rationale; accounting
for &c. v; palaetiology|, imputation, derivation
from.
filiation[obs3], affiliation;
pedigree &c. (paternity) 166.
explanation &c. (interpretation)
522; reason why &c. (cause) 153.
V. attribute to, ascribe
to, impute to, refer to, lay to, point to,
trace to, bring home to; put down to, set down to,
blame; charge on, ground on; invest with, assign as
cause, lay at, the door of, father upon; account for,
derive from, point out the reason &c. 153; theorize;
tell how it comes; put the saddle on the right horse.
Adj. attributed &c.
v.; attributable &c. v.; referable to, referrible
to[obs3], due to, derivable from; owing to &c. (effect)
154; putative; ecbatic[obs3].
Adv. hence, thence,
therefore, for, since, on account of, because,
owing to; on that account; from this cause, from that
cause; thanks to, forasmuch as; whence, propter hoc[Lat].
why? wherefore? whence?
how comes it, how is it, how happens it? how
does it happen?
in some way, in some
such way; somehow, somehow or other.
Phr. that is why; hinc
illae lachrymae [Lat][Horace].
<—
-----------------------------------------------------------<
br>
1. Whewell History
of the inductive Sciences, book xviii vol. iii.p.
397 (3d edit.).
2 The word Chance has
two distinct meanings: the first, the absence
of assignable cause, as above; and the second, the
absence of design — for the latter see
621. —>
#156. [Absence of assignable
cause.] Chance. 2 — N. chance,
indetermination, accident, fortune, hazard, hap, haphazard,
chance medley, random, luck, raccroc[obs3], casualty,
contingence, adventure, hit; fate &c. (necessity)
601; equal chance; lottery; tombola[obs3]; toss up
&c. 621; turn of the table, turn of the cards; hazard
of the die, chapter of accidents, fickle finger of
fate; cast of the dice, throw of the dice; heads or
tails, flip of a coin, wheel of Fortune; sortes[obs3],
sortes Virgilianae[obs3].
probability, possibility,
odds; long odds, run of luck;
accidentalness; main chance, odds on, favorable odds.
contingency, dependence
(uncertainty) 475; situation (circumstance) 8.
statistics, theory of
Probabilities, theory of Chances; bookmaking;
assurance; speculation, gaming &c. 621.
V. chance, hap, turn
up; fall to one’s lot; be one’s -fate &c.
<— p. 46 —> % 2. Connection between cause and effect % <— “power” contains the concepts of both efficacy and efficiency —>
#157. Power.—
N. power; potency, potentiality; jiva[obs3]; puissance,
might, force, energy &c. 171; dint; right hand, right
arm; ascendency[obs3], sway, control; prepotency,
prepollence|; almightiness, omnipotence; authority
&c. 737; strength &c. 159.
ability; ableness &c.
adj[obs3].; competency; efficacy; efficiency,
productivity, expertise (skill) 698; validity, cogency;
enablement[obs3]; vantage ground; influence &c. 175.
pressure; conductivity;
elasticity; gravity, electricity, magnetism,
galvanism, voltaic electricity, voltaism, electromagnetism;
atomic power, nuclear power, thermonuclear power;
fuel cell; hydraulic power, water power, hydroelectric
power; solar power, solar energy, solar panels; tidal
power; wind power; attraction; vis inertiae[Lat], vis
mortua[Lat], vis viva [Latin]; potential energy, dynamic
energy; dynamic friction, dynamic suction; live circuit,
live rail, live wire.
capability, capacity;
quid valeant humeri quid ferre recusent
[obs3][Latin]; faculty, quality, attribute, endowment,
virtue, gift, property, qualification, susceptibility.
V. be powerful &c. adj.;
gain power &c. n.
belong to, pertain to;
lie in one’s power, be in one’s power;
can, be
able.
give power, confer power,
exercise power &c. n.; empower, enable,
invest; indue[obs3], endue; endow, arm; strengthen
&c. 159; compel &c. 744.
Adj. powerful, puissant;
potential; capable, able; equal to, up to;
cogent, valid; efficient, productive; effective, effectual,
efficacious, adequate, competent; multipotent[obs3],
plenipotent[obs3], omnipotent; almighty.
forcible &c. adj. (energetic)
171; influential &c. 175; productive &c.
168.
Adv. powerfully &c.
adj.; by virtue of, by dint of.
Phr. a toute force[Fr];
gr/dos moi pou sto kai kino ten
gen/gr[Sp][Grk][Grk][Grk][Grk][Grk]; eripuit coelo
fulmen sceptrumque tyrannis [Latin]; fortis cadere
cedere non potest [Latin].
#158. Impotence.—
N. impotence; inability, disability; disablement,
impuissance, imbecility; incapacity, incapability;
inaptitude, ineptitude, incompetence, unproductivity[obs3];
indocility[obs3]; invalidity, disqualification; inefficiency,
wastefulness.
telum imbelle[Lat],
brutum fulmen[Lat], blank, blank cartridge, flash
in the pan, vox et proeterea nihil[Lat], dead letter,
bit of waste paper, dummy; paper tiger; Quaker gun.
inefficacy &c. (inutility)
645[obs3]; failure &c. 732.
helplessness &c. adj.;
prostration, paralysis, palsy, apoplexy,
syncope, sideration|, deliquium|[Lat], collapse, exhaustion,
softening of the brain, inanition; emasculation, orchiotomy
[Med], orchotomy[Med].
cripple, old woman,
muff, powder puff, creampuff, pussycat, wimp,
mollycoddle; eunuch.
V. be impotent &c. adj.;
not have a leg to stand on.
vouloir rompre l’anguille
au genou [French], vouloir prendre la lune
avec les dents [French].
collapse, faint, swoon,
fall into a swoon, drop; go by the board, go
by the wayside; go up in smoke, end in smoke &c. (fail)
732.
render powerless &c.
adj.; deprive of power; disable, disenable[obs3];
disarm, incapacitate, disqualify, unfit, invalidate,
deaden, cramp, tie the hands; double up, prostrate,
paralyze, muzzle, cripple, becripple[obs3], maim,
lame, hamstring, draw the teeth of; throttle, strangle,
garrotte, garrote; ratten[obs3], silence, sprain,
clip the wings of, put hors de combat[Fr], spike the
guns; take the wind out of one’s sails, scotch
the snake, put a spoke in one’s wheel; break
the neck, break the back; unhinge, unfit; put out
of gear.
unman, unnerve, enervate;
emasculate, castrate, geld, alter, neuter,
sterilize, fix.
shatter, exhaust, weaken
&c. 160.
Adj. powerless, impotent,
unable, incapable, incompetent; inefficient,
ineffective; inept; unfit, unfitted; unqualified,
disqualified; unendowed; inapt, unapt; crippled, disabled
&c. v.; armless[obs3].
harmless, unarmed, weaponless,
defenseless, sine ictu[Lat],
unfortified, indefensible, vincible, pregnable, untenable.
paralytic, paralyzed;
palsied, imbecile; nerveless, sinewless[obs3],
marrowless[obs3], pithless[obs3], lustless[obs3];
emasculate, disjointed; out of joint, out of gear;
unnerved, unhinged; water-logged, on one’s beam
ends, rudderless; laid on one’s back; done up,
dead beat, exhausted, shattered, demoralized; graveled
&c. (in difficulty) 704; helpless, unfriended[obs3],
fatherless; without a leg to stand on, hors de combat[Fr],
laid on the shelf.
null and void, nugatory,
inoperative, good for nothing; ineffectual
&c. (failing) 732; inadequate &c. 640; inefficacious
&c. (useless) 645.
Phr. der kranke Mann[Ger];
“desirous still but impotent to rise”
[Shenstone]; the spirit is willing but the flesh is
weak.
— p. 47 —
#159. [Degree of power.]
Strength.— N. strength; power &c. 157;
energy &c. 171; vigor, force; main force, physical
force, brute force; spring, elasticity, tone, tension,
tonicity.
stoutness &c. adj.;
lustihood[obs3], stamina, nerve, muscle, sinew,
thews and sinews, physique; pith, pithiness; virtility,
vitality.
athletics, athleticism[obs3];
gymnastics, feats of strength.
adamant, steel, iron,
oak, heart of oak; iron grip; grit, bone.
athlete, gymnast, acrobat;
superman, Atlas, Hercules, Antaeus[obs3],
Samson, Cyclops, Goliath; tower of strength; giant
refreshed.
strengthening &c. v.;
invigoration, refreshment, refocillation[obs3].
[Science of forces]
dynamics, statics.
V. be strong &c. adj.,
be stronger; overmatch.
render strong &c. adj.;
give strength &c. n.; strengthen, invigorate,
brace, nerve, fortify, sustain, harden, case harden,
steel, gird; screw up, wind up, set up; gird up one’s
loins, brace up one’s loins; recruit, set on
one’s legs; vivify; refresh &c. 689; refect[obs3];
reinforce, reenforce &c. (restore) 660.
Adj. strong, mighty,
vigorous, forcible, hard, adamantine, stout,
robust, sturdy, hardy, powerful, potent, puissant,
valid.
resistless, irresistible,
invincible, proof against, impregnable,
unconquerable, indomitable, dominating, inextinguishable,
unquenchable; incontestable; more than a match for;
overpowering, overwhelming; all powerful, all sufficient;
sovereign.
able-bodied; athletic;
Herculean, Cyclopean, Atlantean[obs3];
muscular, brawny, wiry, well-knit, broad-shouldered,
sinewy, strapping, stalwart, gigantic.
manly, man-like, manful;
masculine, male, virile.
unweakened[obs3], unallayed,
unwithered[obs3], unshaken, unworn,
unexhausted[obs3]; in full force, in full swing; in
the plenitude of power.
stubborn, thick-ribbed,
made of iron, deep-rooted; strong as a lion,
strong as a horse, strong as an ox, strong as brandy;
sound as a roach; in fine feather, in high feather;
built like a brick shithouse; like a giant refreshed.
Adv. strongly &c. adj.;
by force &c. n.; by main force &c. (by
compulsion) 744.
Phr. “our withers
are unwrung” [Hamlet].
Blut und Eisen[Ger];
coelitus mihi vires[Lat]; du fort au diable[Fr];
en habiles gens[Lat]; ex vi termini; flecti non frangi[Lat];
“he that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves
and sharpens our skill” [Burke]; “inflexible
in faith invincible in arms” [Beattie].
#160. Weakness.—
N. weakness &c. adj.; debility, atony[obs3],
relaxation, languor, enervation; impotence &c. 158;
infirmity; effeminacy, feminality[obs3]; fragility,
flaccidity; inactivity &c. 683.
anaemia, bloodlessness,
deficiency of blood, poverty of blood.
declension of strength,
loss of strength, failure of strength;
delicacy, invalidation, decrepitude, asthenia[obs3],
— p. 48 —
% 3. Power in operation %
#161. Production.—
N. {ant. 162, 158} production, creation,
construction, formation, fabrication, manufacture;
building, architecture, erection, edification; coinage;
diaster[obs3]; organization; nisus formativus[Lat];
putting together &c. v.; establishment; workmanship,
performance; achievement &c. (completion) 729. flowering,
fructification; inflorescence.
bringing forth &c. v.:
parturition, birth, birth-throe, childbirth,
delivery, confinement, accouchement, travail, labor,
midwifery, obstetrics; geniture[obs3]; gestation &c.
(maturation) 673; assimilation; evolution, development,
growth; entelechy[Phil]; fertilization, gemination,
germination, heterogamy[Biol], genesis, generation,
epigenesis[obs3], procreation, progeneration[obs3],
propagation; fecundation, impregnation; albumen &c.
357.
spontaneous generation;
archegenesis[obs3], archebiosis[obs3];
biogenesis, abiogenesis[obs3], digenesis[obs3], dysmerogenesis[obs3],
eumerogenesis[obs3], heterogenesis[obs3], oogenesis,
— p. 49 —
#162. [Nonproduction.]
Destruction.— N. {ant. 161} destruction;
waste, dissolution, breaking up; diruption[obs3],
disruption; consumption; disorganization.
fall, downfall, devastation,
ruin, perdition, crash;
eboulement[French], smash, havoc, delabrement[French],
debacle; break down, break up, fall apart; prostration;
desolation, bouleversement[Fr], wreck, wrack, shipwreck,
cataclysm; washout.
extinction, annihilation;
destruction of life &c. 361; knock-down
blow; doom, crack of doom.
destroying &c. v.; demolition,
demolishment; overthrow, subversion,
suppression; abolition &c. (abrogation) 756; biblioclasm[obs3];
sacrifice; ravage, razzia[obs3]; inactivation; incendiarism;
revolution &c. 146; extirpation &c. (extraction) 301;
beginning of the end, commencement de la fin[French],
road to ruin; dilapidation &c. (deterioration) 659;
sabotage.
V. be destroyed &c.;
perish; fall to the ground; tumble, topple; go to
pieces, fall to pieces; break up; crumble to dust;
go to the dogs, go to the wall, go to smash, go to
shivers, go to wreck, go to pot, go to wrack and ruin;
go by the board, go all to smash; be all over, be all
#163. Reproduction.—
N. reproduction, renovation; restoration &c.
660; renewal; new edition, reprint, revival, regeneration,
palingenesis[obs3], revivification; apotheosis; resuscitation,
reanimation, resurrection, reappearance; regrowth;
Phoenix.
generation &c. (production)
161; multiplication.
V. reproduce; restore
&c. 660; revive, renovate, renew, regenerate,
revivify, resuscitate, reanimate; remake, refashion,
stir the embers, put into the crucible; multiply,
repeat; resurge[obs3].
crop up, spring up like
mushrooms.
Adj. reproduced &c.
v.; renascent, reappearing; reproductive;
suigenetic[obs3].
#164. Producer.— N. producer, originator, inventor, author, founder, generator, mover, architect, creator, prime mover; maker &c. (agent) 690; prime mover.
#165. Destroyer.— N. destroyer &c. (destroy &c. 162); cankerworm &c. (bane) 663; assassin &c. (killer) 361; executioner &c. (punish) 975; biblioclast[obs3], eidoloclast[obs3], iconoclast, idoloclast[obs3]; nihilist.
#166. Paternity.—
N. paternity; parentage; consanguinity &c. 11.
parent; father, sire,
dad, papa, paterfamilias, abba[obs3]; genitor,
progenitor, procreator; ancestor; grandsire[obs3],
grandfather; great-grandfather; fathership[obs3],
fatherhood; mabap[obs3].
house, stem, trunk,
tree, stock, stirps, pedigree, lineage, line,
family, tribe, sept, race, clan; genealogy, descent,
extraction, birth, ancestry; forefathers, forbears,
patriarchs.
motherhood, maternity;
mother, dam, mamma, materfamilias[Lat],
grandmother.
Adj. paternal, parental;
maternal; family, ancestral, linear,
patriarchal.
Phr. avi numerantur
avorum[Lat]; “happy he with such a mother”
[Tennyson]; hombre bueno no le busquen abolengo[Sp][obs3];
philosophia stemma non inspicit [Lat][Seneca].
— p. 50 —
#167. Posterity.—
N. posterity, progeny, breed, issue, offspring,
brood, litter, seed, farrow, spawn, spat; family,
grandchildren, heirs; great-grandchild.
child, son, daughter;
butcha[obs3]; bantling, scion; acrospire[obs3],
plumule[obs3], shoot, sprout, olive-branch, sprit[obs3],
branch; off-shoot, off-set; ramification; descendant;
heir, heiress; heir-apparent, heir-presumptive; chip
off the old block; heredity; rising generation.
straight descent, sonship[obs3],
line, lineage, filiation[obs3],
primogeniture.
Adj. filial; diphyletic[obs3].
Phr. “the child
is father of the man” [Wordsworth]; “the
fruit doesn’t
fall far from the tree”, “like father,
like son”.
#168. Productiveness
— N. productiveness &c. adj.; fecundity,
fertility, luxuriance, uberty|.
pregnancy, pullulation,
fructification, multiplication, propagation,
procreation; superfetation.
milch cow, rabbit, hydra,
warren, seed plot, land flowing with milk
and honey; second crop, aftermath; aftercrop, aftergrowth[obs3];
arrish[obs3], eddish[obs3], rowen[obs3]; protoplasm;
fertilization.
V. make -productive
&c. adj.; fructify; procreate, generate,
fertilize, spermative[obs3], impregnate; fecundate,
fecundify[obs3]; teem, multiply; produce &c. 161;
conceive.
Adj. productive, prolific;
teeming, teemful[obs3]; fertile, fruitful,
frugiferous[obs3], fruit-bearing; fecund, luxuriant;
pregnant, uberous[obs3].
procreant[obs3], procreative;
generative, life-giving, spermatic;
multiparous; omnific[obs3], propagable.
parturient &c. (producing)
161; profitable &c. (useful) 644.
#169. Unproductiveness.—
N. unproductiveness &c. adj.; infertility,
sterility, infecundity[obs3]; masturbation; impotence
&c. 158; unprofitableness &c. (inutility) 645.
waste, desert, Sahara,
wild, wilderness, howling wilderness.
V. be — unproductive
&c. adj.; hang fire, flash in the pan, come to
nothing.
[make unproductive]
sterilize, addle; disable, inactivate.
Adj. unproductive, acarpous[obs3],
inoperative, barren, addled,
infertile, unfertile, unprolific[obs3], arid, sterile,
unfruitful, infecund[obs3]; sine prole; fallow; teemless[obs3],
issueless[obs3], fruitless; unprofitable &c. (useless)
645; null and void, of no effect.
#170. Agency.—
N. agency, operation, force, working, strain,
function, office, maintenance, exercise, work, swing,
play; interworking[obs3], interaction; procurement.
causation &c. 153; instrumentality
&c. 631; influence &c. 175; action
&c. (voluntary) 680; modus operandi &c. 627.
quickening power, maintaining
power, sustaining power; home stroke.
V. be -in action &c.
adj.; operate, work; act, act upon; perform,
play, support, sustain, strain, maintain, take effect,
quicken, strike.
come play, come bring
into operation; have play, have free play; bring
to bear upon.
Adj. operative, efficient,
efficacious, practical, effectual.
at work, on foot; acting
&c. (doing) 680; in operation, in force, in
action, in play, in exercise; acted upon, wrought
upon.
Adv. by the -agency
&c. n.- of; through &c. (instrumentality) 631; by
means of &c. 632.
Phr. “I myself
must mix with action lest I wither by despair”
[Tennyson].
— p. 51 —
#171. Physical
Energy.— N. energy, physical energy, force,
power &c.
157; keenness &c. adj.; intensity, vigor, strength,
elasticity; go; high pressure; fire; rush.
acrimony, acritude[obs3];
causiticity[obs3], virulence; poignancy;
harshness &c. adj.; severity, edge, point; pungency
&c. 392.
cantharides; seasoning
&c. (condiment) 393.
activity, agitation,
effervescence; ferment, fermentation; ebullition,
splutter, perturbation, stir, bustle; voluntary energy
&c. 682; quicksilver.
resolution &c. (mental
energy) 604; exertion &c. (effort) 686;
excitation &c. (mental) 824.
V. give -energy &c.
n.; energize, stimulate, kindle, excite, exert;
sharpen, intensify; inflame &c. (render violent) 173;
wind up &c. (strengthen) 159.
strike home, into home,
hard home; make an impression.
Adj. strong, energetic,
forcible, active; intense, deep-dyed, severe,
keen, vivid, sharp, acute, incisive, trenchant, brisk.
rousing, irritation;
poignant; virulent, caustic, corrosive, mordant,
harsh, stringent; double-edged, double-shotted[obs3],
double-distilled; drastic, escharotic|; racy &c. (pungent)
392.
potent &c. (powerful)
157; radioactive.
Adv. strongly &c. adj.;
fortiter in re[Lat]; with telling effect.
Phr. the steam is up;
vires acquirit eundo[Lat]; “the race by vigor
not by vaunts is won” [Pope].
#172. Physical
Inertness.— N. inertness, dullness &c. adj.;
inertia,
vis inertiae[Latin], inertion[obs3], inactivity, torpor,
languor; quiescence &c. 265; latency, inaction; passivity.
mental inertness; sloth
&c. (inactivity) 683; inexcitability &c.
826[obs3]; irresolution &c. 605; obstinacy &c. 606;
permanence &c. 141.
rare gas, paraffin,
noble metal, unreactivity.
V. be -inert &c. adj.;
hang fire, smolder.
Adj. inert, inactive,
passive; torpid &c. 683; sluggish, dull, heavy,
flat, slack, tame, slow, blunt; unreactive; lifeless,
dead, uninfluential[obs3].
latent, dormant, smoldering,
unexerted[obs3].
Adv. inactively &c.
adj.; in suspense, in abeyance.
— separate force from violence? —
#173. Violence.—
N. violence, inclemency, vehemence, might,
impetuosity; boisterousness &c. adj.; effervescence,
ebullition; turbulence, bluster; uproar, callithump
[obs3][U. S.], riot, row, rumpus, le diable a
quatre[Fr], devil to pay, all the fat in the fire.
severity &c. 739; ferocity,
rage, fury; exacerbation, exasperation,
malignity; fit, paroxysm; orgasm, climax, aphrodisia[obs3];
force, brute force; outrage; coup de main; strain,
shock, shog[obs3]; spasm, convulsion, throe; hysterics,
passion &c. (state of excitability) 825.
outbreak, outburst;
debacle; burst, bounce, dissilience[obs3],
discharge, volley, explosion, blow up, blast, detonation,
rush, eruption, displosion|, torrent.
turmoil &c. (disorder)
59; ferment &c. (agitation) 315; storm,
tempest, rough weather; squall &c. (wind) 349; earthquake,
volcano, thunderstorm.
berserk, berserker;
fury, dragon, demon, tiger, beldame,
Tisiphone[obs3], Megaera, Alecto[obs3], madcap, wild
beast; fire eater &c. (blusterer) 887.
V. be -violent &c. adj.;
run high; ferment, effervesce; romp, rampage,
go on a rampage; run wild, run amuck, run riot; break
the peace; rush, tear; rush headlong, rush foremost;
raise a storm, make a riot; rough house*; riot,
storm; wreak, bear down, ride roughshod, out Herod,
Herod; spread like wildfire.
[(person) shout or act
in anger at something] explode, make a row,
kick up a row; boil, boil over; fume, foam, come on
like a lion, bluster, rage, roar, fly off the handle,
go bananas, go ape, blow one’s top, blow one’s
cool, flip one’s lid, hit the ceiling, hit the
roof; fly into a rage (anger) 900..
break out, fly out,
burst out; bounce, explode, go off, displode|,
fly, detonate, thunder, blow up, crump[obs3], flash,
flare, burst; shock, strain; break open, force open,
prize open.
render violent &c. adj.;
sharpen, stir up, quicken, excite, incite,
annoy, urge, lash, stimulate, turn on; irritate, inflame,
kindle, suscitate|, foment; accelerate, aggravate,
exasperate, exacerbate, convulse, infuriate, madden,
lash into fury; fan the flame; add fuel to the flame,
pour oil on the fire, oleum addere camino[Lat].
— p. 52 —
#174. Moderation.—
N. moderation, lenity &c. 740; temperateness,
gentleness &c. adj.; sobriety; quiet; mental calmness
&c. (inexcitability) 826[obs3].
moderating &c. v.; anaphrodisia[obs3];
relaxation, remission,
mitigation, tranquilization[obs3], assuagement, contemporation[obs3],
pacification.
measure, juste milieu[Fr],
golden mean, gr/ariston metron/gr[Grk].
moderator; lullaby, sedative, lenitive, demulcent,
antispasmodic, carminative, laudanum; rose water,
balm, poppy, opiate, anodyne, milk, opium, “poppy
or mandragora”; wet blanket; palliative.
V. be -moderate &c.
adj.; keep within bounds, keep within compass;
sober down, settle down; keep the peace, remit, relent,
take in sail.
moderate, soften, mitigate,
temper, accoy|; attemper[obs3],
contemper[obs3]; mollify, lenify[obs3], dulcify[obs3],
dull, take off the edge, blunt, obtund[obs3], sheathe,
subdue, chasten; sober down, tone down, smooth down;
weaken &c. 160; lessen &c. (decrease) 36; check palliate.
tranquilize, pacify,
assuage, appease, swag, lull, soothe, compose,
still, calm, calm down, cool, quiet, hush, quell,
sober, pacify, tame, damp, lay, allay, rebate, slacken,
smooth, alleviate, rock to sleep, deaden, smooth,
throw cold water on, throw a wet blanket over, turn
off; slake; curb &c. (restrain) 751; tame &c. (subjugate)
% 4. Indirect Power %
#175. Influence.—
N. influence; importance &c. 642; weight, pressure,
preponderance, prevalence, sway; predominance, predominancy[obs3];
ascendency[obs3]; dominance, reign; control, domination,
pull*; authority &c.737; capability &c. (power) 157;
effect &c. 154; interest.
synergy (cooperation)
709.
footing; purchase &c.
(support) 215; play, leverage, vantage ground.
tower of strength, host
in himself; protection, patronage, auspices.
V. have -influence &c.
n.; be -influential &c. adj.; carry weight,
weigh, tell; have a hold upon, magnetize, bear upon,
gain a footing, work upon; take root, take hold; strike
root in.
run through, pervade;
prevail, dominate, predominate; out weigh, over
weigh; over-ride, over-bear; gain head; rage; be -rife
&c. adj.; spread like wildfire; have the upper hand,
get the upper hand, gain the upper hand, have full
play, get full play, gain full play.
be recognized, be listened
to; make one’s voice heard, gain a hearing;
play a part, play a leading part, play a leading part
in; take the lead, pull the strings; turn the scale,
throw one’s weight into the scale; set the fashion,
lead the dance.
Adj. influential, effective;
important &c. 642; weighty; prevailing
&c. v.; prevalent, rife, rampant, dominant, regnant,
predominant, in the ascendant, hegemonical[obs3].
Adv. with telling effect.
Phr. tel maure tel valet[Fr].
#175a. Absence
of Influence.— N. impotence &c. 158; powerlessness;
inertness &c. 172; irrelevancy &c. 10.
V. have no -influence
&c. 175.
Adj. uninfluential[obs3],
ineffective; inconsequential, nugatory;
unconducing, unconducive, unconducting to[obs3]; powerless
&c. 158; irrelevant &c. 10.
— p. 53 —
#176. Tendency.—
N. tendency; aptness, aptitude; proneness,
proclivity, bent, turn, tone, bias, set, leaning to,
predisposition, inclination, propensity, susceptibility;
conatus[Lat], nisus[Lat]; liability &c. 177; quality,
nature, temperament; idiocrasy[obs3], idiosyncrasy;
cast, vein, grain; humor, mood; drift &c. (direction)
278; conduciveness, conducement[obs3]; applicability
&c. (utility) 644; subservience &c. (instrumentality)
631.
V. tend, contribute,
conduce, lead, dispose, incline, verge, bend to,
trend, affect, carry, redound to, bid fair to, gravitate
towards; promote &c. (aid) 707.
Adj. tending &c. v.;
conducive, working towards, in a fair way to,
calculated to; liable &c. 177; subservient &c. (instrumental)
631; useful &c. 644; subsidiary &c. (helping) 707.
Adv. for, whither.
#177. Liability.—
N. liability, liableness[obs3]; possibility,
contingency; susceptivity[obs3], susceptibility, exposure.
V. be -liable &c. adj.;
incur, lay oneself open to; run the chance,
stand a chance; lie under, expose oneself to, open
a door to.
Adj. liable, subject;
in danger &c. 665; open to, exposed to,
obnoxious to; answerable; unexempt from[obs3]; apt
to; dependent on; incident to.
contingent, incidental,
possible, on the cards, within range of, at
the mercy of.
% 5. Combinations of Causes %
#178. Concurrence.—
N. concurrence, cooperation, coagency[obs3];
union; agreement &c. 23; consilience[obs3]; consent,
coincidence &c. (assent) 488; alliance; concert,
additivity, synergy &c. 709; partnership &c. 712.
common cause.
V. concur, conduce,
conspire, contribute; agree, unite; hang together,
pull together, join forces, make common cause. &c.
(cooperate) 709; help to &c. (aid) 707.
keep pace with, run
parallel; go with, go along with, go hand in hand
with, coincide.
Adj. concurring &c.
v.; concurrent, in alliance with, banded together,
of one mind, at one with, coinciding.
Adv. with one consent.
#179. Counteraction.—
N. counteraction, opposition; contrariety &c.
14; antagonism, polarity; clashing &c. v.; collision,
interference, inhibition, resistance, renitency,
friction; reaction; retroaction &c. (recoil) 277;
counterblast[obs3]; neutralization &c. (compensation)
30; vis inertiae[Lat]; check &c. (hindrance) 706.
voluntary opposition
&c. 708, voluntary resistance &c. 719; repression
&c. (restraint) 751.
opposites, action and
reaction, yang and yin, yang-yin (contrariety)
14.
V. counteract; run counter,
clash, cross; interfere with, conflict
with; contravene; jostle; go against, run against,
beat against, militate against; stultify; antagonize,
block, oppose &c. 708; traverse; withstand &c. (resist)
719; hinder &c. 706; repress &c. (restrain) 751; react
&c. (recoil) 277.
undo, neutralize; counterpoise
— p. 54 —
%
CLASS
II
WORDS
RELATING TO SPACE
SECTION I. SPACE IN GENERAL
1. ABSTRACT SPACE % — dimensions must be broken down separately —
#180. [Indefinite space.]
Space.— N. space, extension, extent,
superficial extent, expanse, stretch, hyperspace;
room, scope, range, field, way, expansion, compass,
sweep, swing, spread.
dimension, length &c.
200; distance &c. 196; size &c. 192; volume;
hypervolume.
latitude, play, leeway,
purchase, tolerance, room for maneuver.
spare room, elbow room,
house room; stowage, roomage[obs3], margin;
opening, sphere, arena.
open space, free space;
void &c. (absence) 187; waste; wildness,
wilderness; moor, moorland; campagna[obs3].
abyss &c. (interval)
198; unlimited space; infinity &c. 105; world;
ubiquity &c. (presence) 186; length and breadth of
the land.
proportions, acreage;
acres, acres and perches, roods and perches,
hectares, square miles; square inches, square yards,
square centimeters, square meters, yards (clothing)
&c.; ares, arpents[obs3].
Adj. spacious, roomy,
extensive, expansive, capacious, ample;
widespread, vast, world-wide, uncircumscribed; boundless
&c. (infinite) 105; shoreless[obs3], trackless, pathless;
extended.
Adv. extensively &c.
adj.; wherever; everywhere; far and near, far and
wide; right and left, all over, all the world over;
throughout the world, throughout the length and breadth
of the land; under the sun, in every quarter; in all
quarters, in all lands; here there and everywhere;
from pole to pole, from China to Peru [Johnson], from
Indus to the pole [Pope], from Dan to Beersheba, from
end to end; on the face of the earth, in the wide
world, from all points of the compass; to the four
winds, to the uttermost parts of the earth.
#180a. Inextension.— N. inextension[obs3], nonextension[obs3], point; dot; atom &c. (smallness) 32.
#181. [Definite space.]
Region.— N. region, sphere, ground, soil,
area, field, realm, hemisphere, quarter, district,
beat, orb, circuit, circle; reservation, pale &c.
(limit) 233; compartment, department; clearing.
[political divisions:
see property &c. 780 and Government &c. 737a.].
arena, precincts, enceinte,
walk, march; patch, plot, parcel,
inclosure, close, field, court; enclave, reserve,
preserve; street &c. (abode) 189.
clime, climate, zone,
meridian, latitude.
biosphere; lithosphere.
Adj. territorial, local,
parochial, provincial, regional.
#182. [Limited space.]
Place.— N. place, lieu, spot, point, dot;
niche, nook &c. (corner) 244; hole; pigeonhole &c.
(receptacle) 191; compartment; premises, precinct,
station; area, courtyard, square; abode &c. 189; locality
&c. (situation) 183.
ins and outs; every
hole and corner.
Adv. somewhere, in some
place, wherever it may be, here and there, in
various places, passim.
% 2. RELATIVE SPACE %
#183. Situation.—
N. situation, position, locality, locale, status,
latitude and longitude; footing, standing, standpoint,
post; stage; aspect, attitude, posture, pose.
environment, surroundings
(location) 184; circumjacence &c. 227[obs3].
place, site, station,
seat, venue, whereabouts; ground; bearings &c.
(direction) 278; spot &c. (limited space) 182.
topography, geography,
chorography[obs3]; map &c. 554.
V. be situated, be situate;
lie, have its seat in.
Adj. situate, situated;
local, topical, topographical &c. n.
Adv. in situ, in loco;
here and there, passim; hereabouts,
thereabouts, whereabouts; in place, here, there.
in such and such surroundings,
in such and such environs, in
such and such entourage, amidst such and such surroundings,
amidst such and such environs, amidst such and such
entourage.
#184. Location.—
N. location, localization; lodgment; deposition,
reposition; stowage, package; collocation; packing,
lading; establishment, settlement, installation; fixation;
insertion &c. 300.
habitat, environment,
surroundings (situation) 183; circumjacence &c.
227[obs3].
anchorage, mooring,
encampment.
plantation, colony,
settlement, cantonment; colonization,
domestication, situation; habitation &c. (abode) 189;
cohabitation; “a local habitation and a name”
[Midsummer Night’s Dream]; endenization[obs3],
naturalization.
V. place, situate, locate,
localize, make a place for, put, lay, set,
seat, station, lodge, quarter, post, install; house,
stow; establish, fix, pin, root; graft; plant &c.
(insert) 300; shelve, pitch, camp, lay down, deposit,
reposit[obs3]; cradle; moor, tether, picket; pack,
tuck in; embed, imbed; vest, invest in.
billet on, quarter upon,
saddle with; load, lade, freight; pocket, put
up, bag.
inhabit &c. (be present)
186; domesticate, colonize; take root, strike
root; anchor; cast anchor, come to an anchor; sit
down, settle down; settle; take up one’s abode,
take up one’s quarters; plant oneself, establish
oneself, locate oneself; squat, perch, hive, se nicher[Fr],
bivouac, burrow, get a footing; encamp, pitch one’s
tent; put up at, put up one’s horses at; keep
house.
endenizen[obs3], naturalize,
adopt.
put back, replace &c.
(restore) 660.
Adj. placed &c. v.;
situate, posited, ensconced, imbedded,
embosomed[obs3], rooted; domesticated; vested in,
unremoved[obs3].
moored &c. v.; at anchor.
#185. Displacement.—
N. displacement, elocation[obs3], transposition.
ejectment &c. 297[obs3];
exile &c. (banishment) 893; removal &c.
(transference) 270.
misplacement, dislocation
&c. 61; fish out of water.
V. displace, misplace,
displant[obs3], dislodge, disestablish; exile
&c. (seclude) 893; ablegate[obs3], set aside, remove;
take away, cart away; take off, draft off; lade &c.
184.
unload, empty &c. (eject)
297; transfer &c. 270; dispel.
vacate; depart &c. 293.
Adj. displaced &c. v.;
unplaced, unhoused[obs3], unharbored[obs3],
unestablished[obs3], unsettled; houseless[obs3], homeless;
out of place, out of a situation; in the wrong place.
misplaced, out of its
element.
% 3. EXISTENCE IN SPACE %
#186. Presence.—
N. presence; occupancy, occupation; attendance;
whereness[obs3].
permeation, pervasion;
diffusion &c. (dispersion) 73.
ubiety[obs3], ubiquity,
ubiquitariness[obs3]; omnipresence.
bystander &c. (spectator)
444.
V. exist in space, be
present &c. adj.; assister[obs3]; make one of,
make one at; look on, attend, remain; find oneself,
present oneself; show one’s face; fall in the
way of, occur in a place; lie, stand; occupy; be there.
people; inhabit, dwell,
reside, stay, sojourn, live, abide, lodge,
nestle, roost, perch; take up one’s abode &c.
(be located) 184; tenant.
resort to, frequent,
haunt; revisit.
fill, pervade, permeate;
be diffused, be disseminated, be through;
over spread, overrun; run through; meet one at every
turn.
Adj. present; occupying,
inhabiting &c. v.; moored &c. 184;
resiant[obs3], resident, residentiary[obs3]; domiciled.
ubiquitous, ubiquitary[obs3];
omnipresent; universally present.
peopled, populous, full
of people, inhabited.
Adv. here, there, where,
everywhere, aboard, on board, at home,
afield; here there and everywhere &c. (space) 180;
in presence of, before; under the eyes of, under the
nose of; in the face of; in propria persona[Lat].
on the spot; in person,
in the flesh.
Phr. nusquam est qui
ubique est [Lat][Seneca].
— p. 56 —
#187. [Nullibiety.1]
Absence.— N. absence; inexistence &c. 2[obs3];
nonresidence, absenteeism; nonattendance, alibi.
emptiness &c. adj.;
void, vacuum; vacuity, vacancy; tabula rasa[Lat];
exemption; hiatus &c. (interval) 198; lipotype|!.
truant, absentee.
nobody; nobody present,
nobody on earth; not a soul; ame qui vive[Fr].
V. be absent &c. adj.;
keep away, keep out of the way; play truant,
absent oneself, stay away; keep aloof, hold aloof.
withdraw, make oneself
scarce, vacate; go away &c. 293.
Adj. absent, not present,
away, nonresident, gone, from home; missing;
lost; wanting; omitted; nowhere to be found; inexistence
#188. Inhabitant.—
N. inhabitant; resident, residentiary[obs3];
dweller, indweller[obs3]; addressee; occupier, occupant;
householder, lodger, inmate, tenant, incumbent, sojourner,
locum tenens, commorant[obs3]; settler, squatter,
backwoodsman, colonist; islander; denizen, citizen;
burgher, oppidan[obs3], cockney, cit, townsman, burgess;
villager; cottager, cottier[obs3], cotter; compatriot;
backsettler[obs3], boarder; hotel keeper, innkeeper;
habitant; paying guest; planter.
native, indigene, aborigines,
autochthones[obs3]; Englishman, John
Bull; newcomer &c. (stranger) 57.
aboriginal, American[obs3],
Caledonian, Cambrian, Canadian, Canuck*,
downeaster [U.S.], Scot, Scotchman, Hibernian, Irishman,
Welshman, Uncle Sam, Yankee, Brother Jonathan.
garrison, crew; population;
people &c. (mankind) 372; colony,
settlement; household; mir[obs3].
V. inhabit &c. (be present)
186; endenizen &c. (locate oneself)
184[obs3].
Adj. indigenous; native,
natal; autochthonal[obs3], autochthonous;
British; English; American[obs3]; Canadian, Irish,
Scotch, Scottish, Welsh; domestic; domiciliated[obs3],
domiciled; naturalized, vernacular, domesticated;
domiciliary.
in the occupation of;
garrisoned by, occupied by.
— 1. Bishop Wilkins. —
— p. 57 —
#189. [Place of habitation,
or resort.] Abode.— N. abode, dwelling,
lodging, domicile, residence, apartment, place, digs,
pad, address, habitation, where one’s lot is
cast, local habitation, berth, diggings, seat, lap,
sojourn, housing, quarters, headquarters, resiance|,
tabernacle, throne, ark.
home, fatherland; country;
homestead, homestall[obs3]; fireside;
hearth, hearth stone; chimney corner, inglenook, ingle
side; harem, seraglio, zenana[obs3]; household gods,
lares et penates[Lat], roof, household, housing, dulce
domum[Lat], paternal domicile; native soil, native
land.
habitat, range, stamping
ground; haunt, hangout; biosphere;
environment, ecological niche.
nest, nidus, snuggery[obs3];
arbor, bower, &c. 191; lair, den, cave,
hole, hiding place, cell, sanctum sanctorum[Lat],
aerie, eyrie, eyry[obs3], rookery, hive; covert, resort,
#190. [Things contained.] Contents.— N. contents; cargo, lading, freight, shipment, load, bale, burden, jag; cartload[obs3], shipload; cup of, basket of, &c. (receptacle) 191 of; inside &c. 221; stuffing, ullage.
#191. Receptacle.
— N. receptacle; inclosure &c. 232; recipient,
receiver, reservatory.
compartment; cell, cellule;
follicle; hole, corner, niche, recess,
nook; crypt, stall, pigeonhole, cove, oriel; cave
&c. (concavity) 252.
capsule, vesicle, cyst,
pod, calyx, cancelli, utricle, bladder;
pericarp, udder.
stomach, paunch, venter,
ventricle, crop, craw, maw, gizzard,
breadbasket; mouth.
pocket, pouch, fob,
sheath, scabbard, socket, bag, sac, sack, saccule,
wallet, cardcase, scrip, poke, knit, knapsack, haversack,
sachel, satchel, reticule, budget, net; ditty bag,
ditty box; housewife, hussif; saddlebags; portfolio;
quiver &c. (magazine) 636.
chest, box, coffer,
caddy, case, casket, pyx, pix, caisson, desk,
bureau, reliquary; trunk, portmanteau, band-box, valise;
grip, grip sack [U.S.]; skippet, vasculum; boot, imperial;
vache; cage, manger, rack.
vessel, vase, bushel,
barrel; canister, jar; pottle, basket, pannier,
buck-basket, hopper, maund|, creel, cran, crate, cradle,
bassinet, wisket, whisket, jardiniere, corbeille,
hamper, dosser, dorser, tray, hod, scuttle, utensil;
brazier; cuspidor, spittoon.
[For liquids] cistern
&c. (store) 636; vat, caldron, barrel, cask,
drum, puncheon, keg, rundlet, tun, butt, cag, firkin,
kilderkin, carboy, amphora, bottle, jar, decanter,
ewer, cruse, caraffe, crock, kit, canteen, flagon;
demijohn; flask, flasket; stoup, noggin, vial, phial,
cruet, caster; urn, epergne, salver, patella, tazza,
patera; pig gin, big gin; tyg, nipperkin, pocket pistol;
tub, bucket, pail, skeel, pot, tankard, jug, pitcher,
mug, pipkin; galipot, gallipot; matrass, receiver,
retort, alembic, bolthead, capsule, can, kettle; bowl,
basin, jorum, punch bowl, cup, goblet, chalice, tumbler,
glass, rummer, horn, saucepan, skillet, posnet|, tureen.
[laboratory vessels
for liquids] beaker, flask, Erlenmeyer flask,
Florence flask, round-bottom flask, graduated cylinder,
test tube, culture tube, pipette, Pasteur pipette,
disposable pipette, syringe, vial, carboy, vacuum
flask, Petri dish, microtiter tray, centrifuge tube.
bail, beaker, billy,
canakin; catch basin, catch drain; chatti, lota,
mussuk, schooner [U.S.], spider, terrine, toby, urceus.
plate, platter, dish,
trencher, calabash, porringer, potager, saucer,
pan, crucible; glassware, tableware; vitrics.
compote, gravy boat,
creamer, sugar bowl, butter dish, mug, pitcher,
punch bowl, chafing dish.
shovel, trowel, spoon,
spatula, ladle, dipper, tablespoon, watch
glass, thimble.
closet, commode, cupboard,
cellaret, chiffonniere, locker, bin,
bunker, buffet, press, clothespress, safe, sideboard,
drawer, chest of drawers, chest on chest, highboy,
lowboy, till, scrutoire|, secretary, secretaire, davenport,
bookcase, cabinet, canterbury; escritoire, etagere,
vargueno, vitrine.
chamber, apartment,
room, cabin; office, court, hall, atrium; suite of
% SECTION II. DIMENSIONS
1. GENERAL DIMENSIONS %
#192. Size.—
N. size, magnitude, dimension, bulk, volume; largeness
&c. adj.; greatness &c. (of quantity) 31; expanse
&c. (space) 180; amplitude, mass; proportions.
capacity, tonnage, tunnage;
cordage; caliber, scantling.
turgidity &c. (expansion)
194; corpulence, obesity; plumpness &c.
adj.; embonpoint, corporation, flesh and blood, lustihood.
hugeness &c. adj.; enormity,
immensity, monstrosity.
giant, Brobdingnagian,
Antaeus, Goliath, Gog and Magog, Gargantua,
monster, mammoth, Cyclops; cachalot, whale, porpoise,
behemoth, leviathan, elephant, hippopotamus; colossus;
tun, cord, lump, bulk, block, loaf, mass, swad, clod,
nugget, bushel, thumper, whooper, spanker, strapper;
“Triton among the minnows” [Coriolanus].
mountain, mound; heap
&c. (assemblage) 72.
largest portion &c.
50; full size, life size.
V. be large &c. adj.;
become large &c. (expand) 194.
Adj. large, big; great
&c. (in quantity) 31; considerable, bulky,
voluminous, ample, massive, massy; capacious, comprehensive;
spacious &c. 180; mighty, towering, fine, magnificent.
corpulent, stout, fat,
obese, plump, squab, full, lusty, strapping,
bouncing; portly, burly, well-fed, full-grown; corn
fed, gram fed; stalwart, brawny, fleshy; goodly; in
good case, in good condition; in condition; chopping,
— p. 59 —
#193. Littleness.—
N. littleness &c. adj.; smallness &c. (of
quantity) 32; exiguity, inextension[obs3]; parvitude[obs3],
parvity[obs3]; duodecimo[obs3]; Elzevir edition, epitome,
microcosm; rudiment; vanishing point; thinness &c.
203.
dwarf, pygmy, pigmy[obs3],
Liliputian, chit, pigwidgeon[obs3], urchin,
elf; atomy[obs3], dandiprat[obs3]; doll, puppet; Tom
Thumb, Hop-o’-my-thumb[obs3]; manikin, mannikin;
homunculus, dapperling[obs3], cock-sparrow.
animalcule, monad, mite,
insect, emmet[obs3], fly, midge, gnat,
shrimp, minnow, worm, maggot, entozoon[obs3]; bacteria;
infusoria[obs3]; microzoa[Microbiol]; phytozoaria[obs3];
microbe; grub; tit, tomtit, runt, mouse, small fry;
millet seed, mustard seed; barleycorn; pebble, grain
of sand; molehill, button, bubble.
point; atom &c. (small
quantity) 32; fragment &c. (small part) 51;
powder &c. 330; point of a pin, mathematical point;
minutiae &c. (unimportance) 643.
micrometer; vernier;
scale.
microphotography, photomicrography,
micrography[obs3];
photomicrograph, microphotograph; microscopy; microscope
(optical instruments) 445..
V. be little &c. adj.;
lie in a nutshell; become small &c. (decrease)
36, (contract) 195.
Adj. little; small &c.
(in quantity) 32; minute, diminutive,
microscopic; microzoal; inconsiderable &c. (unimportant)
643; exiguous, puny, tiny, wee, petty, minikin[obs3],
miniature, pygmy, pigmy[obs3], elfin; undersized;
dwarf, dwarfed, dwarfish; spare, stunted, limited;
cramp, cramped; pollard, Liliputian, dapper, pocket;
portative[obs3], portable; duodecimo[obs3]; dumpy,
squat; short &c. 201.
impalpable, intangible,
evanescent, imperceptible, invisible,
inappreciable, insignificant, inconsiderable, trivial;
infinitesimal, homoeopathic[obs3]; atomic, subatomic,
corpuscular, molecular; rudimentary, rudimental; embryonic,
vestigial.
weazen|!, scant, scraggy,
scrubby; thin &c. (narrow) 203; granular &c.
(powdery) 330; shrunk &c. 195; brevipennate[obs3].
Adv. in a small compass,
in a nutshell; on a small scale; minutely,
microscopically.
#194. Expansion.—
N. expansion; increase &c. 35 of size; enlargement,
extension, augmentation; amplification, ampliation[obs3];
aggrandizement, spread, increment, growth, development,
pullulation, swell, dilation, rarefaction; turgescence[obs3],
turgidness, turgidity; dispansion|; obesity &c. (size)
192; hydrocephalus, hydrophthalmus[Med]; dropsy, tumefaction,
intumescence, swelling, tumor, diastole, distension;
puffing, puffiness; inflation; pandiculation[obs3].
dilatability, expansibility.
germination, growth,
upgrowth[obs3]; accretion &c. 35; budding,
gemmation[obs3].
overgrowth, overdistension[obs3];
hypertrophy, tympany[obs3].
bulb &c. (convexity)
250; plumper; superiority of size.
[expansion of the universe]
big bang; Hubble constant.
V. become larger &c.
(large &c. 192); expand, widen, enlarge, extend,
grow, increase, incrassate[obs3], swell, gather; fill
out; deploy, take open order, dilate, stretch, distend,
spread; mantle, wax; grow up, spring up; bud, bourgeon[Fr],
shoot, sprout, germinate, put forth, vegetate, pullulate,
open, burst forth; gain flesh, gather flesh; outgrow;
spread like wildfire, overrun.
be larger than; surpass
&c. (be superior) 33.
render larger &c. (large
&c. 192); expand, spread, extend, aggrandize,
distend, develop, amplify, spread out, widen, magnify,
rarefy, inflate, puff, blow up, stuff, pad, cram;
exaggerate; fatten.
Adj. expanded &c. v.;
larger &c. (large &c. 192; swollen; expansive;
wide open, wide spread; flabelliform[obs3]; overgrown,
exaggerated, bloated, fat, turgid, tumid, hypertrophied,
dropsical; pot bellied, swag bellied|; edematous,
oedematous[obs3], obese, puffy, pursy[obs3], blowzy,
bigswoln[obs3], distended; patulous; bulbous &c. (convex)
250; full blown, full grown, full formed; big &c.
192; abdominous[obs3], enchymatous[obs3], rhipidate[obs3];
tumefacient[obs3], tumefying[obs3].
— p. 60 —
#195. Contraction.—
N. contraction, reduction, diminution; decrease
&c. 36 of size; defalcation, decrement; lessening,
shrinking &c. v.; compaction; tabes[obs3], collapse,
emaciation, attenuation, tabefaction[obs3], consumption,
marasmus[obs3], atrophy; systole, neck, hourglass.
condensation, compression,
compactness; compendium &c. 596; squeezing
&c. v.; strangulation; corrugation; astringency; astringents,
sclerotics; contractility, compressibility; coarctation[obs3].
inferiority in size.
V. become small, become
smaller; lessen, decrease &c. 36; grow less,
dwindle, shrink, contract, narrow, shrivel, collapse,
wither, lose flesh, wizen, fall away, waste, wane,
ebb; decay &c. (deteriorate) 659.
be smaller than, fall
short of; not come up to &c. (be inferior) 34.
render smaller, lessen,
diminish, contract, draw in, narrow,
coarctate[obs3]; boil down; constrict, constringe[obs3];
condense, compress, squeeze, corrugate, crimp, crunch,
#196. Distance.—
N. distance; space &c. 180; remoteness,
farness[obs3], far-cry to; longinquity[obs3], elongation;
offing, background; remote region; removedness[obs3];
parallax; reach, span, stride.
outpost, outskirt; horizon;
aphelion; foreign parts, ultima
Thule[Lat], ne plus ultra[Lat], antipodes; long range,
giant’s stride.
dispersion &c.73.
[units of distance]
length &c. 200.
cosmic distance, light-years.
V. be distant &c. adj.;
extend to, stretch to, reach to, spread to, go
to, get to, stretch away to; range.
remain at a distance;
keep away, keep off, keep aloof, keep clear of,
stand away, stand off, stand aloof, stand clear of,
stay away, keep one’s distance’.
[transitive] distance;
distance oneself from.
Adj. distant; far off,
far away; remote, telescopic, distal, wide of;
stretching to &c. v.; yon, yonder; ulterior; transmarine[obs3],
transpontine[obs3], transatlantic, transalpine; tramontane;
ultramontane, ultramundane[obs3]; hyperborean, antipodean;
inaccessible, out of the way; unapproached[obs3],
unapproachable; incontiguous[obs3].
Adv. far off, far away;
afar, afar off; off; away; a long way off, a
great way off, a good way off; wide away, aloof; wide
of, clear of; out of the way, out of reach; abroad,
yonder, farther, further, beyond; outre mer[Fr], over
the border, far and wide, “over the hills and
far away” [Gay]; from pole to pole &c. (over
great space) 180; to the uttermost parts, to the ends
of the earth; out of hearing, nobody knows where, a
perte de vue[Fr], out of the sphere of, wide of the
mark; a far cry to.
apart, asunder; wide
apart, wide asunder; longo intervallo[It]; at
arm’s length.
Phr. “distance
lends enchantment” [Campbell]; “it’s
a long long way to
Tipperary”; out of sight, out of mind.
#197. Nearness.—
N. nearness &c. adj.; proximity, propinquity;
vicinity, vicinage; neighborhood, adjacency; contiguity
&c. 199.
short distance, short
step, short cut; earshot, close quarters,
stone’s throw; bow shot, gun shot, pistol shot;
hair’s breadth, span.
purlieus, neighborhood,
vicinage, environs, alentours[Fr], suburbs,
confines, banlieue[obs3], borderland; whereabouts.
bystander; neighbor,
borderer[obs3].
— p. 61 —
#198. Interval.—
N. interval, interspace[obs3]; separation &c. 44;
break, gap, opening; hole &c. 260; chasm, hiatus,
caesura; interruption, interregnum; interstice, lacuna,
cleft, mesh, crevice, chink, rime, creek, cranny,
crack, chap, slit, fissure, scissure[obs3], rift, flaw,
breach, rent, gash, cut, leak, dike, ha-ha.
gorge, defile, ravine,
canon, crevasse, abyss, abysm; gulf; inlet,
frith[obs3], strait, gully; pass; furrow &c. 259;
abra[obs3]; barranca[obs3], barranco[obs3]; clove
[U.S.], gulch [U.S.], notch [U.S.]; yawning gulf;
hiatus maxime[Lat], hiatus valde deflendus[Lat]; parenthesis
&c. (interjacence) 228[obs3]; void 7c. (absence) 187;
incompleteness &c. 53.
[interval of time] period
&c. 108; interim (time) 106.
V. gape &c. (open) 260.
Adj. with an interval,
far between; breachy[obs3], rimose[obs3],
rimulose[obs3].
Adv. at intervals &c.
(discontinuously) 70; longo intervallo[It].
#199. Contiguity.—
N. contiguity, contact, proximity, apposition,
abuttal[obs3], juxtaposition; abutment, osculation;
meeting, appulse[obs3], rencontre[obs3], rencounter[obs3],
syzygy[Astron], coincidence, coexistence; adhesion
&c. 46; touching &c. v. (see touch 379).
borderland; frontier
&c. (limit) 233; tangent; abutter.
V. be contiguous &c.
adj.; join, adjoin, abut on, march with; graze,
touch, meet, osculate, come in contact, coincide;
% 2. LINEAR DIMENSIONS %
#200. Length.—
N. length, longitude, span; mileage; distance &c. 196.
line, bar, rule, stripe,
streak, spoke, radius.
lengthening &c. v.;
prolongation, production, protraction; tension,
tensure[obs3]; extension.
[Measures of length]
line, nail, inch, hand, palm, foot, cubit, yard,
ell, fathom, rood, pole, furlong, mile, league; chain,
link; arpent[obs3], handbreadth[obs3], jornada [obs3][U.S.],
kos[obs3], vara[obs3].
[astronomical units
of distance] astronomical unit, AU, light-year,
parsec.
[metric units of length]
nanometer, nm, micron, micrometer,
millimicron, millimeter, mm, centimeter, cm, meter,
kilometer, km.
pedometer, perambulator;
scale &c. (measurement) 466.
V. be long &c. adj.;
stretch out, sprawl; extend to, reach to, stretch
to; make a long arm, “drag its slow length along.”
render long &c. adj.;
lengthen, extend, elongate; stretch; prolong,
produce, protract; let out, draw out, spin out|!;
drawl.
enfilade, look along,
view in perspective.
distend (expand) 194.
Adj. long, longsome[obs3];
lengthy, wiredrawn[obs3], outstretched;
lengthened &c. v.; sesquipedalian &c. (words) 577;
interminable, no end of; macrocolous[obs3].
linear, lineal; longitudinal,
oblong.
as long as my arm, as
long as today and tomorrow; unshortened &c.
(shorten &c. 201)[obs3].
Adv. lengthwise, at
length, longitudinally, endlong[obs3], along;
tandem; in a line &c. (continuously) 69; in perspective.
from end to end, from
stem to stern, from head to foot, from the crown
of the head to the sole of the foot, from top to toe;
fore and aft.
#201. Shortness.—
N. shortness &c. adj.; brevity; littleness &c. 193;
a span.
shortening &c. v.; abbreviation,
abbreviature[obs3]; abridgment,
concision, retrenchment, curtailment, decurtation|;
reduction &c. (contraction) 195; epitome &c. (compendium)
596.
elision, ellipsis; conciseness
&c. (in style) 572.
abridger, epitomist[obs3],
epitomizer[obs3].
V. be short &c. adj.;
render short &c. adj.; shorten, curtail,
abridge, abbreviate, take in, reduce; compress &c.
(contract) 195; epitomize &c. 596.
retrench, cut short,
obtruncate[obs3]; scrimp, cut, chop up, hack,
hew; cut down, pare down; clip, dock, lop, prune,
shear, shave, mow, reap, crop; snub; truncate, pollard,
stunt, nip, check the growth of; foreshorten[in drawing].
Adj. short, brief, curt;
compendious, compact; stubby, scrimp; shorn,
stubbed; stumpy, thickset, pug; chunky [U.S.], decurtate[obs3];
retrousse[obs3]; stocky; squab, squabby[obs3]; squat,
dumpy; little &c. 193; curtailed of its fair proportions;
short by; oblate; concise &c. 572; summary.
Adv. shortly &c. adj.;
in short &c. (concisely) 572.
#202. Breadth,
Thickness.— N. breadth, width, latitude,
amplitude;
diameter, bore, caliber, radius; superficial extent
&c. (space) 180.
thickness, crassitude[obs3];
corpulence &c. (size) 192; dilation &c.
(expansion) 194.
V. be broad &c. adj.;
become broad, render broad &c. adj.; expand &c.
194; thicken, widen, calibrate.
Adj. broad, wide, ample,
extended; discous[obs3]; fanlike; outspread,
outstretched; “wide as a church-door”
[Romeo and Juliet]; latifoliate[obs3], latifolous[obs3].
thick, dumpy, squab,
squat, thickset; thick as a rope.
#203. Narrowness.
Thinness.— N. narrowness &c. adj.; closeness,
exility[obs3]; exiguity 7c. (little) 193.
line; hair’s breadth,
finger’s breadth; strip, streak, vein.
monolayer; epitaxial
deposition[Engin].
thinness &c. adj.; tenuity;
emaciation, macilency[obs3], marcor|.
shaving, slip &c. (filament)
205; thread paper, skeleton, shadow,
anatomy, spindleshanks[obs3], lantern jaws, mere skin
and bone.
middle constriction,
stricture, neck, waist, isthmus, wasp, hourglass;
ridge, ghaut[obs3], ghat[obs3], pass; ravine &c. 198.
narrowing, coarctation[obs3],
angustation[obs3], tapering; contraction
&c. 195.
V. be narrow &c. adj.;
narrow, taper, contract &c. 195; render narrow
&c. adj; waste away.
Adj. narrow, close;
slender, thin, fine; thread-like &c. (filament)
205; finespun[obs3], gossamer; paper-thin; taper,
slim, slight-made; scant, scanty; spare, delicate,
incapacious[obs3]; contracted &c. 195; unexpanded
&c. (expand &c. 194)[obs3]; slender as a thread.
[in reference to people
or animals] emaciated, lean, meager, gaunt,
macilent[obs3]; lank, lanky; weedy, skinny; scrawny
slinky[U.S.]; starved, starveling; herring gutted;
worn to a shadow, lean as a rake [Chaucer]; thin as
a lath, thin as a whipping post, thin as a wafer; hatchet-faced;
lantern-jawed.
attenuated, shriveled,
extenuated, tabid[obs3], marcid|, barebone,
rawboned.
monomolecular.
#204. Layer.—
N. layer, stratum, strata, course, bed, zone,
substratum, substrata, floor, flag, stage, story,
tier, slab, escarpment; table, tablet; dess[obs3];
flagstone; board, plank; trencher, platter.
plate; lamina, lamella;
sheet, foil; wafer; scale, flake, peel;
coat, pellicle; membrane, film; leaf; slice, shive[obs3],
cut, rasher, shaving, integument &c. (covering) 223;
eschar[obs3].
stratification, scaliness,
nest of boxes, coats of an onion.
monolayer; bilayer;
trilayer[Biochem].
V. slice, shave, pare,
peel; delaminate; plate, coat, veneer; cover
&c. 223.
Adj. lamellar, lamellated[obs3],
lamelliform[obs3], layered;
laminated, laminiferous[obs3]; micaceous[obs3]; schistose,
schistous[obs3]; scaly, filmy, membranous, pellicular,
flaky, squamous[Anat]; foliated, foliaceous[obs3];
stratified, stratiform; tabular, discoid; spathic[obs3],
spathose[obs3].
trilamellar[obs3].
graphitic[obs3].
#205. Filament.—
N. filament, line; fiber, fibril; funicle[obs3],
vein; hair, capillament[obs3], cilium, cilia, pilus,
pili; tendril, gossamer; hair stroke; veinlet[obs3],
venula[obs3], venule[obs3].
wire, string, thread,
packthread, cotton, sewing silk, twine, twist,
whipcord, tape, ribbon, cord, rope, yarn, hemp, oakum,
jute.
strip, shred, slip,
spill, list, band, fillet, fascia, ribbon, riband,
roll, lath, splinter, shiver, shaving.
beard &c. (roughness)
256; ramification; strand.
Adj. filamentous, filamentiferous[obs3],
filaceous[obs3],
filiform[obs3]; fibrous, fibrillous[obs3]; thread-like,
wiry, stringy, ropy; capillary, capilliform[obs3];
funicular, wire-drawn; anguilliform[obs3]; flagelliform[obs3];
hairy &c. (rough) 256; taeniate[obs3], taeniform[obs3],
taenioid[obs3]; venose[obs3], venous.
— p. 63 —
#206. Height. —
N. height, altitude, elevation; eminence, pitch;
loftiness &c. adj.; sublimity.
tallness &c. adj.; stature,
procerity[obs3]; prominence &c. 250.
colossus &c. (size)
192; giant, grenadier, giraffe, camelopard.
mount, mountain; hill
alto, butte [U.S.], monticle[obs3], fell,
knap[obs3]; cape; headland, foreland[obs3]; promontory;
ridge, hog’s back, dune; rising ground, vantage
ground; down; moor, moorland; Alp; uplands, highlands;
heights &c. (summit), 210; knob, loma[obs3], pena [obs3][U.S.],
picacho[obs3], tump[obs3]; knoll, hummock, hillock,
barrow, mound, mole; steeps, bluff, cliff, craig[obs3],
tor[obs3], peak, pike, clough[obs3]; escarpment, edge,
ledge, brae; dizzy height.
tower, pillar, column,
obelisk, monument, steeple, spire, minaret,
campanile, turret, dome, cupola; skyscraper.
pole, pikestaff, maypole,
flagstaff; top mast, topgallant mast.
ceiling &c. (covering)
223.
high water; high tide,
flood tide, spring tide.
altimetry &c. (angel)
244[obs3]; batophobia[obs3].
satellite, spy-in-the-sky.
V. be high &c. adj.;
tower, soar, command; hover, hover over, fly
over; orbit, be in orbit; cap, culminate; overhang,
hang over, impend, beetle, bestride, ride, mount;
perch, surmount; cover &c. 223; overtop &c. (be superior)
33; stand on tiptoe.
become high &c. adj.;
grow higher, grow taller; upgrow[obs3]; rise &c.
(ascend) 305; send into orbit.
render high &c. adj.;
heighten &c. (elevate) 307.
Adj. high, elevated,
eminent, exalted, lofty, tall; gigantic &c. (big)
192; Patagonian; towering, beetling, soaring, hanging
[gardens]; elevated &c. 307; upper; highest &c. (topmost)
210; high reaching, insessorial[obs3], perching.
upland, moorland; hilly,
knobby [U.S.]; mountainous, alpine,
subalpine, heaven kissing; cloudtopt[obs3], cloudcapt[obs3],
cloudtouching[obs3]; aerial.
overhanging &c. v.;
incumbent, overlying, superincumbent[obs3],
supernatant, superimposed; prominent &c. c. 250.
#207. Lowness.
— N. lowness &c. adj.; debasement, depression,
prostration &c. (horizontal) 213; depression &c. (concave)
252.
molehill; lowlands;
basement floor, ground floor; rez de chaussee[Fr];
cellar; hold, bilge; feet, heels.
low water; low tide,
ebb tide, neap tide, spring tide.
V. be low &c. adj.;
lie low, lie flat; underlie; crouch, slouch,
wallow, grovel; lower &c. (depress) 308.
Adj. low, neap, debased;
nether, nether most; flat, level with the
ground; lying low &c. v.; crouched, subjacent, squat,
prostrate &c. (horizontal) 213.
Adv. under; beneath,
underneath; below; downwards; adown[obs3], at the
foot of; under foot, under ground; down stairs, below
stairs; at a low ebb; below par.
#208. Depth. —
N. depth; deepness &c. adj.; profundity, depression
&c. (concavity) 252.
hollow, pit, shaft,
well, crater; gulf &c. 198; bowels of the earth,
bottomless pit[obs3], hell.
soundings, depth of
water, water, draught, submersion; plummet, sound,
probe; sounding rod, sounding line; lead.
bathymetry.
[instrument to measure
depth] sonar, side-looking sonar;
bathometer[obs3].
V. be deep &c. adj.;
render deep &c. adj.; deepen.
plunge &c. 310; sound,
fathom, plumb, cast the lead, heave the lead,
take soundings, make soundings; dig &c. (excavate)
252.
Adj. deep, deep seated;
profound, sunk, buried; submerged &c. 310;
subaqueous, submarine, subterranean, subterraneous,
subterrene[obs3]; underground.
bottomless, soundless,
fathomless; unfathomed, unfathomable; abysmal;
deep as a well; bathycolpian[obs3]; benthal[obs3],
benthopelagic[obs3]; downreaching[obs3], yawning.
knee deep, ankle deep.
Adv. beyond one’s
depth, out of one’s depth; over head and ears;
mark
twine, mark twain.
#209. Shallowness.
— N. shallowness &c. adj.; shoals; mere
scratch.
Adj. shallow, slight,
superficial; skin deep, ankle deep, knee deep;
just enough to wet one’s feet; shoal, shoaly[obs3].
— p. 64 —
#210. Summit. —
N. summit, summity|; top, peak, vertex, apex, zenith,
pinnacle, acme, culmination, meridian, utmost height,
ne plus utra, height, pitch, maximum, climax, culminating
point, crowning point, turning point; turn of the
tide, fountain head; water shed, water parting; sky,
pole.
tip, tip top; crest,
crow’s nest, cap, truck, nib; end &c. 67; crown,
#211. Base. —
N. base, basement; plinth, dado, wainscot; baseboard,
mopboard[obs3]; bedrock, hardpan [U.S.]; foundation
&c. (support) 215; substructure, substratum, ground,
earth, pavement, floor, paving, flag, carped, ground
floor, deck; footing, ground work, basis; hold, bilge.
bottom, nadir, foot,
sole, toe, hoof, keel, root; centerboard.
Adj. bottom, undermost,
nethermost; fundamental; founded on, based on,
grounded on, built on.
#212. Verticality.
— N. verticality; erectness &c. adj.;
perpendicularity &c. 216a; right angle, normal; azimuth
circle.
wall, precipice, cliff.
elevation, erection;
square, plumb line, plummet.
V. be vertical &c. adj.;
stand up, stand on end, stand erect, stand
upright; stick up, cock up.
render vertical &c.
adj.; set up, stick up, raise up, cock up; erect,
rear, raise on its legs.
Adj. vertical, upright,
erect, perpendicular, plumb, normal, straight,
bolt, upright; rampant; standing up &c. v.; rectangular,
orthogonal &c. 216a.
Adv. vertically &c.
adj.; up, on end; up on end, right on end; a
plomb[Fr], endwise; one one’s legs; at right
angles.
#213. Horizontality.
— N. horizontality[obs3]; flatness; level,
plane; stratum &c. 204; dead level, dead flat; level
plane.
recumbency, lying down
&c. v.; reclination[obs3], decumbence[obs3];
decumbency[obs3], discumbency|; proneness &c. adj.;
accubation[obs3], supination[obs3], resupination[obs3],
prostration; azimuth.
plain, floor, platform,
bowling green; cricket ground; croquet ground,
croquet lawn; billiard table; terrace, estrade[obs3],
esplanade, parterre.
[flat land area] table
land, plateau, ledge; butte; mesa (plain) 344.
[instrument to measure
horizontality] level, spirit level.
V. be horizontal &c.
adj.; lie, recline, couch; lie down, lie flat,
lie prostrate; sprawl, loll, sit down.
render horizontal &c.
adj.; lay down, lay out; level, flatten;
prostrate, knock down, floor, fell.
#214. Pendency.
— N. pendency[obs3], dependency; suspension,
hanging
&c. v.; pedicel, pedicle, peduncle; tail, train, flap,
skirt, pigtail, pony tail, pendulum; hangnail
peg, knob, button, hook,
nail, stud, ring, staple, tenterhook;
fastening &c. 45; spar, horse.
V. be pendent &c. adj.;
hang, depend, swing, dangle; swag;
daggle[obs3], flap, trail, flow; beetle.
suspend, hang, sling,
hook up, hitch, fasten to, append.
Adj. pendent, pendulous;
pensile; hanging &c. v.; beetling, jutting
over, overhanging, projecting; dependent; suspended
&c. v.; loose, flowing.
having a peduncle &c.
n.; pedunculate[obs3], tailed, caudate.
— p. 65 —
#215. Support.
— N. support, ground, foundation, base,
basis; terra
firma; bearing, fulcrum, bait [U.S.], caudex crib[obs3];
point d’appui[Fr], gr/pou sto/gr[Grk][Grk],
purchase footing, hold, locus standi[Lat]; landing
place, landing stage; stage, platform; block; rest,
resting place; groundwork, substratum, riprap, sustentation,
subvention; floor &c. (basement) 211.
supporter; aid &c. 707;
prop, stand, anvil, fulciment|; cue rest,
jigger; monkey; stay, shore, skid, rib, truss, bandage;
sleeper; stirrup, stilts, shoe, sole, heel, splint,
lap, bar, rod, boom, sprit[obs3], outrigger; ratlings[obs3].
staff, stick, crutch,
alpenstock, baton, staddle[obs3]; bourdon[obs3],
cowlstaff[obs3], lathi[obs3], mahlstick[obs3].
post, pillar, shaft,
thill[obs3], column, pilaster; pediment, pedicle;
pedestal; plinth, shank, leg, socle[obs3], zocle[obs3];
buttress, jamb, mullion, abutment; baluster, banister,
stanchion; balustrade; headstone; upright; door post,
jamb, door jamb.
frame, framework; scaffold,
skeleton, beam, rafter, girder, lintel,
joist, travis[obs3], trave[obs3], corner stone, summer,
transom; rung, round, step, sill; angle rafter, hip
rafter; cantilever, modillion[obs3]; crown post, king
post; vertebra.
columella[obs3], backbone;
keystone; axle, axletree; axis; arch,
mainstay.
trunnion, pivot, rowlock[obs3];
peg &c. (pendency) 214[obs3]; tiebeam
&c. (fastening) 45; thole pin[obs3].
board, ledge, shelf,
hob, bracket, trevet[obs3], trivet, arbor, rack;
mantel, mantle piece[Fr], mantleshelf[obs3]; slab,
console; counter, dresser; flange, corbel; table,
trestle; shoulder; perch; horse; easel, desk; clotheshorse,
hatrack; retable; teapoy[obs3].
seat, throne, dais;
divan, musnud[obs3]; chair, bench, form, stool,
#216. Parallelism.
— N. {ant. 216a} parallelism; coextension[obs3];
equidistance[obs3]; similarity &c. 17.
Adj. parallel; coextensive;
equidistant.
Adv. alongside &c. (laterally)
236.
#216a. Perpendicularity
— N. {ant. 216} perpendicularity,
orthogonality; verticality, &c. 212.
V. be perpendicular,
be orthogonal; intersect at right angles, be
rectangular, be at right angles to, intersect at 90
degrees; have no correlation.
Adj. orthogonal, perpendicular;
rectangular; uncorrelated.
— p. 66 —
#217. Obliquity.
— N. obliquity, inclination, slope, slant,
crookedness &c. adj.; slopeness[obs3]; leaning &c.
v.; bevel, tilt; bias, list, twist, swag, cant, lurch;
distortion &c. 243; bend &c. (curve) 245; tower of
Pisa.
acclivity, rise, ascent,
gradient, khudd[obs3], rising ground, hill,
bank, declivity, downhill, dip, fall, devexity|; gentle
slope, rapid slope, easy ascent, easy descent; shelving
beach; talus; monagne Russe[Fr]; facilis descensus
averni[Lat].
V. intersect; lack parallelism.
#218. Inversion.
— N. inversion, eversion, subversion, reversion,
retroversion, introversion; contraposition &c. 237[obs3];
contrariety &c. 14; reversal; turn of the tide.
overturn; somersault,
somerset; summerset[obs3]; culbute[obs3];
revulsion; pirouette.
transposition, transposal[obs3],
anastrophy[obs3], metastasis,
#219. Crossing.
— N. crossing &c. v.; intersection, interdigitation;
decussation[obs3], transversion[obs3]; convolution
&c. 248; level crossing.
reticulation, network;
inosculation[obs3], anastomosis,
intertexture[obs3], mortise.
net, plexus, web, mesh,
twill, skein, sleeve, felt, lace; wicker; mat,
matting; plait, trellis, wattle, lattice, grating,
grille, gridiron, tracery, fretwork, filigree, reticle;
tissue, netting, mokes[obs3]; rivulation[obs3].
cross, chain, wreath,
braid, cat’s cradle, knot; entangle &c.
(disorder) 59.
[woven fabrics] cloth,
linen, muslin, cambric &c.
[web-footed animal]
webfoot.
V. cross, decussate[obs3];
intersect, interlace, intertwine,
intertwist[obs3], interweave, interdigitate, interlink.
twine, entwine, weave,
inweave[obs3], twist, wreathe; anastomose[Med],
inosculate[obs3], dovetail, splice, link; lace, tat.
mat, plait, plat, braid,
felt, twill; tangle, entangle, ravel; net,
knot; dishevel, raddle[obs3].
Adj. crossing &c. v.;
crossed, matted &c, v. transverse.
cross, cruciform, crucial;
retiform[obs3], reticular, reticulated;
areolar[obs3], cancellated[obs3], grated, barred,
streaked; textile; crossbarred[obs3], cruciate[obs3],
palmiped[obs3], secant; web-footed.
Adv. cross, thwart,
athwart, transversely; at grade [U.S.]; crosswise.
— p. 67 —
%
3.
CENTRICAL DIMENSIONS
%
— That
is, dimensions having reference to a center —
%
General.
%
#220. Exteriority.
— N. exteriority[obs3]; outside, exterior;
surface, superficies; skin &c. (covering) 223; superstratum[obs3];
disk, disc; face, facet; extrados[obs3].
excentricity[obs3];
eccentricity; circumjacence &c. 227[obs3].
V. be exterior &c. adj.;
lie around &c. 227.
place exteriorly, place
outwardly, place outside; put out, turn out.
#221. Interiority.
— N. interiority; inside, interior;
interspace[obs3], subsoil, substratum; intrados.
contents &c. 190; substance,
pith, marrow; backbone &c. (center) 222;
heart, bosom, breast; abdomen; vitals, viscera, entrails,
bowels, belly, intestines, guts, chitterings[obs3],
womb, lap; penetralia[Lat], recesses, innermost recesses;
cave &c. (concavity) 252.
V. be inside &c. adj.;
within &c. adv.
place within, keep within;
inclose &c. (circumscribe) 229; intern;
imbed &c. (insert) 300.
Adj. interior, internal;
inner, inside, inward, intraregarding[obs3];
inmost, innermost; deep seated, gut; intestine, intestinal;
inland; subcutaneous; abdominal, coeliac, endomorphic[Physiol];
interstitial &c. (interjacent) 228[obs3]; inwrought
&c. (intrinsic) 5; inclosed &c. v.
home, domestic, indoor,
intramural, vernacular; endemic.
Adv. internally &c.
adj.; inwards, within, in, inly[obs3]; here in,
there in, where in; ab intra, withinside[obs3]; in
doors, within doors; at home, in the bosom of one’s
family.
#222. Centrality.
— N. centrality, centricalness[obs3], center;
middle &c. 68; focus &c. 74.
core, kernel; nucleus,
nucleolus; heart, pole axis, bull’s eye; nave,
navel; umbilicus, backbone, marrow, pith; vertebra,
vertebral column; hotbed; concentration &c. (convergence)
290; centralization; symmetry.
center of gravity, center
of pressure, center of percussion, center of
oscillation, center of buoyancy &c.; metacenter[obs3].
V. be central &c. adj.;
converge &c. 290.
render central, centralize,
concentrate; bring to a focus.
Adj. central, centrical[obs3];
middle &c. 68; azygous, axial, focal,
umbilical, concentric; middlemost; rachidian[obs3];
spinal, vertebral.
Adv. middle; midst;
centrally &c. adj.
#223. Covering.
— N. covering, cover; baldachin, baldachino[obs3],
baldaquin[obs3]; canopy, tilt, awning, tent, marquee,
tente d’abri[Fr], umbrella, parasol, sunshade;
veil (shade) 424; shield &c. (defense) 717.
roof, ceiling, thatch,
tile; pantile, pentile[obs3]; tiling, slates,
slating, leads; barrack [U.S.], plafond, planchment
[obs3][U.S.], tiling, shed &c. (abode) 189.
top, lid, covercle|,
door, operculum; bulkhead [U.S.].
bandage, plaster, lint,
wrapping, dossil[obs3], finger stall.
coverlet, counterpane,
— p. 68 —
#224. Lining. —
N. lining, inner coating; coating &c. (covering) 223;
stalactite, stalagmite.
filling, stuffing, wadding,
padding.
wainscot, parietes[Lat],
wall.
V. line, stuff, incrust,
wad, pad, fill.
Adj. lined &c. v..
— ++add separate entry under materials
(constitution, substance); entry for types of cloth
and other materials for garments —
#225. Clothing.
— N. clothing, investment; covering &c.
223; dress,
raiment, drapery, costume, attire, guise, toilet,
toilette, trim; habiliment; vesture, vestment; garment,
garb, palliament|, apparel, wardrobe, wearing apparel,
clothes, things; underclothes.
array; tailoring, millinery;
finery &c. (ornament) 847; full dress &c.
— p. 69 —
#226. Divestment.
— N. divestment; taking off &c. v..
nudity; bareness &c.
adj.; undress; dishabille &c. 225; the
altogether; nudation[obs3], denudation; decortication,
depilation, excoriation, desquamation; molting; exfoliation;
trichosis[Med].
V. divest; uncover &c.
(cover &c. 223); denude, bare, strip;
disfurnish[obs3]; undress, disrobe &c. (dress, enrobe
&c. 225); uncoif[obs3]; dismantle; put off, take off,
cast off; doff; peel, pare, decorticate, excoriate,
skin, scalp, flay; expose, lay open; exfoliate, molt,
mew; cast the skin.
Adj. divested &c. v.;
bare, naked, nude; undressed, undraped; denuded;
exposed; in dishabille; bald, threadbare, ragged,
callow, roofless.
in a state of nature,
in nature’s garb, in the buff, in native buff,
in birthday suit; in puris naturalibus[Lat]; with
nothing on, stark naked, stark raving naked [joc.];
bald as a coot, bare as the back of one’s hand;
out at elbows; barefoot; bareback, barebacked; leafless,
napless[obs3], hairless.
#227. Circumjacence.
— N. circumjacence[obs3], circumambience[obs3];
environment, encompassment; atmosphere, medium, surroundings.
outpost; border &c.
(edge) 231; girdle &c. (circumference) 230;
outskirts, boulebards, suburbs, purlieus, precincts,
faubourgs[obs3], environs, entourage, banlieue[obs3];
neighborhood, vicinage, vicinity.
V. lie around &c. adv.;
surround, beset, compass, encompass, environ,
inclose, enclose, encircle, embrace, circumvent, lap,
gird; belt; begird, engird[obs3]; skirt, twine round;
hem in &c. (circumscribe) 229.
Adj. circumjacent, circumambient[obs3],
circumfluent[obs3]; ambient;
surrounding &c. v.; circumferential, suburban.
Adv. around, about;
without; on every side; on all sides; right and
left, all round, round about.
#228. Interposition.
— N. interposition, interjacence[obs3],
intercurrence[obs3], intervenience[obs3], interlocation[obs3],
interdigitation, interjection, interpolation, interlineation,
interspersion, intercalation.
[interposition at a
fine-grained level] interpenetration; permeation;
infiltration.
[interposition by one
person in another’s affairs, at the intervenor’s
initiative] intervention, interference; intrusion,
obtrusion; insinuation.
insertion &c. 300; dovetailing;
embolism.
intermediary, intermedium[obs3];
go between, bodkin|!, intruder,
interloper; parenthesis, episode, flyleaf.
partition, septum, diaphragm;
midriff; dissepiment[obs3]; party wall,
panel, room divider.
halfway house.
V. lie between, come
between, get between; intervene, slide in,
interpenetrate, permeate.
put between, introduce,
import, throw in, wedge in, edge in, jam in,
worm in, foist in, run in, plow in, work in; interpose,
interject, intercalate, interpolate, interline, interleave,
intersperse, interweave, interlard, interdigitate,
sandwich in, fit in, squeeze in; let in, dovetail,
splice, mortise; insinuate, smuggle; infiltrate, ingrain.
interfere, put in an
oar, thrust one’s nose in; intrude, obtrude;
have
a finger in the pie; introduce the thin end of the
wedge; thrust in &c. (insert) 300.
Adj. interjacent[obs3],
intercurrent[obs3], intervenient[obs3],
intervening &c. v., intermediate, intermediary, intercalary,
interstitial; embolismal[obs3].
parenthetical, episodic;
mediterranean; intrusive; embosomed[obs3];
merged.
Adv. between, betwixt;
twixt; among, amongst; amid, amidst; mid,
midst; in the thick of; betwixt and between; sandwich-wise;
parenthetically, obiter dictum.
— p. 70 —
#229. Circumscription.
— N. circumscription, limitation, inclosure;
confinement &c. (restraint) 751; circumvallation[obs3];
encincture; envelope &c. 232.
container (receptacle)
191.
V. circumscribe, limit,
bound, confine, inclose; surround &c. 227;
#230. Outline.
— N. outline, circumference; perimeter,
periphery,
ambit, circuit, lines tournure[obs3], contour, profile,
silhouette; bounds; coast line.
zone, belt, girth, band,
baldric, zodiac, girdle, tyre[Brit],
cingle[obs3], clasp, girt; cordon &c. (inclosure)
232; circlet, &c. 247..
#231. Edge. —
N. edge, verge, brink, brow, brim, margin, border,
confine, skirt, rim, flange, side, mouth; jaws, chops,
chaps, fauces; lip, muzzle.
threshold, door, porch;
portal &c. (opening) 260; coast, shore.
frame, fringe, flounce,
frill, list, trimming, edging, skirting, hem,
selvedge, welt, furbelow, valance, gimp.
Adj. border, marginal,
skirting; labial, labiated[obs3],
marginated[obs3].
#232. Inclosure.
— N. inclosure, envelope; case &c. (receptacle)
191;
wrapper; girdle &c. 230.
pen, fold; pen fold,
in fold, sheep fold; paddock, pound; corral;
yard; net, seine net.
wall, hedge, hedge row;
espalier; fence &c. (defense) 717; pale,
paling, balustrade, rail, railing, quickset hedge,
park paling, circumvallation[obs3], enceinte, ring
fence.
barrier, barricade;
gate, gateway; bent, dingle [U.S.]; door, hatch,
cordon; prison &c. 752.
dike, dyke, ditch, fosse[obs3],
moat.
V. inclose, circumscribe
&c. 229.
#233. Limit. —
N. limit, boundary, bounds, confine, enclave, term,
bourn, verge, curbstone[obs3], but, pale, reservation;
termination, terminus; stint, frontier, precinct,
marches; backwoods.
boundary line, landmark;
line of demarcation, line of
circumvallation[obs3]; pillars of Hercules; Rubicon,
turning point; ne plus ultra[Lat]; sluice, floodgate.
Adj. definite; conterminate|,
conterminable[obs3]; terminal, frontier;
bordering.
Adv. thus far, thus
far and no further.
Phr. stick to the reservation;
go beyond the pale.
— p. 71 — % Special %
#234. Front. —
N. front; fore, forepart; foreground; face, disk,
disc, frontage; facade, proscenium, facia[Lat], frontispiece;
anteriority[obs3]; obverse [of a medal or coin].
fore rank, front rank;
van, vanguard; advanced guard; outpost; first
line; scout.
brow, forehead, visage,
physiognomy, phiz[obs3], countenance,
mut*[obs3]; rostrum, beak, bow, stem, prow, prore[obs3],
jib.
pioneer &c. (precursor)
64; metoposcopy[obs3].
#235. Rear. —
N. rear, back, posteriority; rear rank, rear guard;
background, hinterland.
occiput[Anat], nape,
chine; heels; tail, rump, croup, buttock,
posteriors, backside scut[obs3], breech, dorsum, loin;
dorsal region, lumbar region; hind quarters; aitchbone[obs3];
natch, natch bone.
stern, poop, afterpart[obs3],
heelpiece[obs3], crupper.
wake; train &c. (sequence)
281.
reverse; other side
of the shield.
V. be behind &c. adv.;
fall astern; bend backwards; bring up the rear.
Adj. back, rear; hind,
hinder, hindmost, hindermost[obs3]; postern,
posterior; dorsal, after; caudal, lumbar; mizzen,
tergal[obs3].
Adv. behind; in the
rear, in the background; behind one’s back; at
the
heels of, at the tail of, at the back of; back to
back.
after, aft, abaft, astern,
sternmost[obs3], aback, rearward.
Phr. ogni medaglia ha
il suo rovescio[It][obs3]; the other side of the
coin.
#236. Laterality.
— N. laterality[obs3]; side, flank, quarter,
lee;
hand; cheek, jowl, jole[obs3], wing; profile; temple,
parietes[Lat], loin, haunch, hip; beam.
gable, gable end; broadside;
lee side.
points of the compass;
East, Orient, Levant; West; orientation.
V. be on one side &c.
adv.; flank, outflank; sidle; skirt; orientate.
Adj. lateral, sidelong;
collateral; parietal, flanking, skirting;
flanked; sideling.
many sided; multilateral,
bilateral, trilateral, quadrilateral.
Eastern; orient, oriental;
Levantine; Western, occidental, Hesperian.
Adv. sideways, sidelong;
broadside on; on one side, abreast,
alongside, beside, aside; by the side of; side by
side; cheek by jowl &c. (near) 197; to windward, to
leeward; laterally &c. adj.; right and left; on her
beam ends.
Phr. “his cheek
the may of days outworn” [Shakespeare].
#237. Contraposition.
— N. contraposition[obs3], opposition;
polarity; inversion &c. 218; opposite side; reverse,
inverse; counterpart; antipodes; opposite poles, North
and South.
antonym, opposite (contrariety)
14.
V. be opposite &c. adj.;
subtend.
Adj. opposite; reverse,
inverse; converse, antipodal,
subcontrary[obs3]; fronting, facing, diametrically
opposite.
Northern, septentrional,
Boreal, arctic; Southern, Austral, antarctic.
Adv. over, over the
way, over against; against; face to face, vis-a-
vis; as poles asunder.
#238. Dextrality.
— N. dextrality[obs3]; right, right hand;
dexter,
offside, starboard.
Adj. dextral, right-handed;
dexter, dextrorsal[obs3], dextrorse[obs3];
ambidextral[obs3], ambidextrous; dextro-.
Adv. dextrad[obs3],
dextrally[obs3].
#239. Sinistrality.
— N. sinistrality[obs3]; left, left hand,
a
gauche; sinister, nearside[obs3], larboard, port.
Adj. left-handed; sinister;
sinistral, sinistrorsal[obs3],
sinistrorse[obs3], sinistrous[obs3];
Pref. laevo-.
Adv. sinistrally, sinistrously[obs3].
— p. 72 — % Section III. FORM 1. General Form %
#240. Form. —
N. form, figure, shape; conformation, configuration;
make, formation, frame, construction, cut, set, build,
trim, cut of one’s jib; stamp, type, cast, mold;
fashion; contour &c. (outline) 230; structure &c.
329; plasmature[obs3].
feature, lineament,
turn; phase &c. (aspect) 448; posture, attitude,
pose.
[Science of form] morphism.
[Similarity of form]
isomorphism.
forming &c. v.; formation,
figuration, efformation[obs3]; sculpture;
plasmation[obs3].
V. form, shape, figure,
fashion, efform[obs3], carve, cut, chisel,
hew, cast; rough hew, rough cast; sketch; block out,
hammer out; trim; lick into shape, put into shape;
model, knead, work up into, set, mold, sculpture;
cast, stamp; build &c. (construct) 161.
Adj. formed &c. v.
[Receiving form] plastic,
fictile[obs3]; formative; fluid.
[Giving form] plasmic[obs3].
[Similar in form] isomorphous.
[taking several forms]
pleomorphic; protean; changeable, &c. 149.
#241. [Absence of form.]
Amorphism. — N. amorphism[obs3],
informity[obs3]; unlicked cub[obs3]; rudis indigestaque
moles[Lat]; disorder &c. 59; deformity &c. 243.
disfigurement, defacement;
mutilation; deforming.
chaos, randomness (disorder)
59.
[taking form from surroundings]
fluid &c. 333.
V. deface[Destroy form],
disfigure, deform, mutilate, truncate;
derange &c. 61; blemish, mar.
Adj. shapeless, amorphous,
formless; unformed, unhewn[obs3],
unfashioned[obs3], unshaped, unshapen; rough, rude,
Gothic, barbarous, rugged.
#242. [Regularity of
form.] Symmetry. — N. symmetry, shapeliness,
finish; beauty &c. 845; proportion, eurythmy[obs3],
uniformity, parallelism; bilateral symmetry, trilateral
symmetry, multilateral symmetry; centrality &c. 222.
arborescence[obs3],
branching, ramification; arbor vitae.
Adj. symmetrical, shapely,
well set, finished; beautiful &c. 845;
classic, chaste, severe.
regular, uniform, balanced;
equal &c. 27; parallel, coextensive.
arborescent[obs3], arboriform[obs3];
dendriform[obs3], dendroid[obs3];
branching; ramous[obs3], ramose; filiciform[obs3],
filicoid[obs3]; subarborescent[obs3]; papilionaceous[obs3].
fuji-shaped, fujigata[Jap.].
#243. [Irregularity
of form.] Distortion. — N. distortion,
detortion[obs3], contortion; twist, crookedness &c.
(obliquity) 217; grimace; deformity; malformation,
malconformation[obs3]; harelip; monstrosity, misproportion[obs3],
want of symmetry, anamorphosis[obs3]; ugliness &c.
846; talipes[obs3]; teratology.
asymmetry; irregularity.
V. distort, contort,
twist, warp, wrest, writhe, make faces, deform,
misshape.
Adj. distorted &c. v.;
out of shape, irregular, asymmetric,
unsymmetric[obs3], awry, wry, askew, crooked; not
true, not straight; on one side, crump[obs3], deformed;
harelipped; misshapen, misbegotten; misproportioned[obs3],
ill proportioned; ill-made; grotesque, monstrous,
crooked as a ram’s horn; camel backed, hump backed,
hunch backed, bunch backed, crook backed; bandy; bandy
legged, bow legged; bow kneed, knock kneed; splay
footed, club footed; round shouldered; snub nosed;
curtailed of one’s fair proportions; stumpy
&c. (short) 201; gaunt &c. (thin) 203; bloated &c.
194; scalene; simous[obs3]; taliped[obs3], talipedic[obs3].
Adv. all manner of ways.
Phr. crooked as a Virginia
fence [U.S.].
— p. 73 — % 2. Special Form %
#244. Angularity.
— N. angularity, angularness[obs3]; aduncity[obs3];
angle, cusp, bend; fold &c. 258; notch &c. 257; fork,
bifurcation.
elbow, knee, knuckle,
ankle, groin, crotch, crutch, crane, fluke,
scythe, sickle, zigzag, kimbo[obs3], akimbo.
corner, nook, recess,
niche, oriel[Arch], coign[obs3].
right angle &c. (perpendicular)
216a, 212; obliquity &c. 217; angle
of 45x, miter; acute angle, obtuse angle, salient
angle, reentering angle, spherical angle.
angular measurement,
angular elevation, angular distance, angular
velocity; trigonometry, goniometry; altimetry[obs3];
clinometer, graphometer[obs3], goniometer; theodolite;
sextant, quadrant; dichotomy.
triangle, trigon[obs3],
wedge; rectangle, square, lozenge, diamond;
rhomb, rhombus; quadrangle, quadrilateral; parallelogram;
quadrature; polygon, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon,
octagon, oxygon[obs3], decagon.
pyramid, cone.
Platonic bodies; cube,
rhomboid; tetrahedron, pentahedron, hexahedron,
octahedron, dodecahedron, icosahedron, eicosahedron;
prism, pyramid; parallelopiped; curb roof, gambrel
roof, mansard roof.
V. bend, fork, bifurcate,
crinkle.
Adj. angular, bent,
crooked, aduncous[obs3], uncinated[obs3],
aquiline, jagged, serrated; falciform[obs3], falcated[obs3];
furcated[obs3], forked, bifurcate, zigzag; furcular[obs3];
hooked; dovetailed; knock kneed, crinkled, akimbo,
kimbo[obs3], geniculated[obs3]; oblique &c. 217.
fusiform[Microb], wedge-shaped,
cuneiform; cuneate[obs3],
multangular[obs3], oxygonal[obs3]; triangular, trigonal[obs3],
trilateral; quadrangular, quadrilateral; foursquare;
rectangular, square, multilateral; polygonal &c. n.;
cubical, rhomboid, rhomboidal, pyramidal.
#245. Curvature.
— N. curvature, curvity[obs3], curvation[obs3];
incurvature[obs3], incurvity|; incurvation[obs3];
bend; flexure, flexion, flection[obs3]; conflexure|;
crook, hook, bought, bending; deflection, deflexion[obs3];
inflection, inflexion[obs3]; concameration[obs3];
arcuation[obs3], devexity|, turn, deviation, detour,
sweep; curl, curling; bough; recurvity[obs3], recurvation[obs3];
sinuosity &c. 248.
kink.
carve, arc, arch, arcade,
vault, bow, crescent, half-moon,
lunule[obs3], horseshoe, loop, crane neck; parabola,
hyperbola; helix, spiral; catenary[obs3], festoon;
conchoid[obs3], cardioid; caustic; tracery; arched
ceiling, arched roof; bay window, bow window.
sine curve; spline,
spline curve, spline function; obliquity &c. 217.
V. be curved &c. adj[intrans].;
curve, sweep, sway, swag, sag;
deviate &c. 279; curl, turn; reenter.
[trans] render curved
&c. adj.; flex, bend, curve, incurvate[obs3];
inflect; deflect, scatter[Phys]; refract (light) 420;
crook; turn, round, arch, arcuate, arch over, concamerate[obs3];
bow, curl, recurve, frizzle.
rotundity &c. 249; convexity
&c. 250.
Adj. curved &c. v.;
curviform[obs3], curvilineal[obs3], curvilinear;
devex|, devious; recurved, recurvous[obs3]; crump[obs3];
bowed &c. v.; vaulted, hooked; falciform[obs3], falcated[obs3];
semicircular, crescentic; sinusoid[Geom], parabolic,
paraboloid; luniform[obs3], lunular[obs3]; semilunar,
conchoidal[obs3]; helical, double helical, spiral;
kinky; cordiform[obs3], cordated[obs3]; cardioid;
heart shaped, bell shaped, boat shaped, crescent shaped,
lens shaped, moon shaped, oar shaped, shield shaped,
sickle shaped, tongue shaped, pear shaped, fig shaped;
kidney-shaped, reniform; lentiform[obs3], lenticular;
bow-legged &c. (distorted) 243; oblique &c. 217; circular
&c. 247.
aduncated[obs3], arclike[obs3],
arcuate, arched, beaked; bicorn[obs3],
bicornuous[obs3], bicornute[obs3]; clypeate[obs3],
clypeiform[obs3]; cymbiform[obs3], embowed[obs3],
galeiform[obs3]; hamate[obs3], hamiform[obs3], hamous[obs3];
hooked; linguiform[obs3], lingulate[obs3]; lobiform[obs3],
lunate, navicular[obs3], peltate[obs3], remiform[obs3],
rhamphoid[obs3]; rostrate[obs3], rostriferous[obs3],
rostroid[obs3]; scutate[obs3], scaphoid[obs3], uncate[obs3];
unguiculate[obs3], unguiform[obs3].
#246. Straightness.
— N. straightness, rectilinearity[obs3],
directness; inflexibility &c. (stiffness) 323; straight
line, right line, direct line; short cut.
V. be straight &c. adj.;
have no turning; not incline to either side,
not bend to either side, not turn to either side,
not deviate to either side; go straight; steer for
&c. (directions) 278.
render straight, straighten,
rectify; set straight, put straight;
unbend, unfold, uncurl &c. 248, unravel &c. 219, unwrap.
Adj. straight; rectilinear,
rectilineal[obs3]; direct, even, right,
true, in a line; unbent, virgate &c. v[obs3].; undeviating,
unturned, undistorted, unswerving; straight as an
arrow &c. (direct) 278; inflexible &c. 323.
laser-straight; ramrod-straight.
#247. [Simple circularity.]
Circularity. — N. circularity, roundness;
rotundity &c. 249.
circle, circlet, ring,
areola, hoop, roundlet[obs3], annulus,
annulet[obs3], bracelet, armlet; ringlet; eye, loop,
wheel; cycle, orb, orbit, rundle, zone, belt, cordon,
band; contrate wheel[obs3], crown wheel; hub; nave;
sash, girdle, cestus[obs3], cincture, baldric, fillet,
fascia, wreath, garland; crown, corona, coronet, chaplet,
snood, necklace, collar; noose, lasso, lassoo[obs3].
ellipse, oval, ovule;
ellipsoid, cycloid; epicycloid[Geom], epicycle;
semicircle; quadrant, sextant, sector.
sphere &c. 249.
V. make round &c. adj.;
round.
go round; encircle &c.
227; describe a circle &c. 311.
Adj. round, rounded,
circular, annular, orbicular; oval, ovate;
elliptic, elliptical; egg-shaped; pear-shaped &c.
245; cycloidal &c. n[obs3].; spherical &c. 249.
Phr. “I watched
the little circles die” [Tennyson].
— p. 74 —
#248. [Complex curvature.]
Convolution. — N. winding &c. v.;
convolution, involution, circumvolution; wave, undulation,
tortuosity, anfractuosity[obs3]; sinuosity, sinuation[obs3];
meandering, circuit, circumbendibus[obs3], twist,
twirl, windings and turnings, ambages[obs3]; torsion;
inosculation[obs3]; reticulation &c. (crossing) 219;
rivulation[obs3]; roughness &c. 256.
coil, roll, curl; buckle,
spiral, helix, corkscrew, worm, volute,
rundle; tendril; scollop[obs3], scallop, escalop[obs3];
kink; ammonite, snakestone[obs3].
serpent, eel, maze,
labyrinth.
knot.
V. be convoluted &c.
adj.; wind, twine, turn and twist, twirl; wave,
undulate, meander; inosculate[obs3]; entwine, intwine[obs3];
twist, coil, roll; wrinkle, curl, crisp, twill; frizzle;
crimp, crape, indent, scollop[obs3], scallop, wring,
intort[obs3]; contort; wreathe &c. (cross) 219.
Adj. convoluted; winding,
twisted &c. v.; tortile[obs3], tortive|;
wavy; undated, undulatory; circling, snaky, snake-like,
serpentine; serpent, anguill[obs3], vermiform; vermicular;
mazy, tortuous, sinuous, flexuous, anfractuous[obs3],
reclivate[obs3], rivulose[obs3], scolecoid[obs3];
sigmoid, sigmoidal[Geom]; spiriferous[obs3], spiroid[obs3];
involved, intricate,
complicated, perplexed; labyrinth,
labyrinthic[obs3], labyrinthian[obs3], labyrinthine;
peristaltic; daedalian[obs3]; kinky, knotted.
wreathy[obs3], frizzly,
crepe, buckled; raveled &c. (in disorder) 59.
spiral, coiled, helical;
cochleate, cochleous; screw-shaped;
turbinated, turbiniform[obs3].
Adv. in and out, round
and round; a can of worms; Gordian knot.
#249. Rotundity.
— N. rotundity; roundness &c. adj.;
cylindricity[obs3]; sphericity, spheroidity[obs3];
globosity[obs3].
cylinder, cylindroid[obs3],
cylindrical; barrel, drum; roll, roller;
rouleau[obs3], column, rolling-pin, rundle.
cone, conoid[obs3];
pear shape, egg shape, bell shape.
sphere, globe, ball,
boulder, bowlder[obs3]; spheroid, ellipsoid;
oblong spheroid; oblate spheroid, prolate spheroid;
drop, spherule, globule, vesicle, bulb, bullet, pellet,
pelote[obs3], clew, pill, marble, pea, knob, pommel,
horn; knot (convolution) 248.
curved surface, hypersphere;
hyperdimensional surface.
V. render spherical
&c. adj.; form into a sphere, sphere, roll into a
ball; give rotundity &c. n.; round.
Adj. rotund; round &c.
(circular) 247; cylindric, cylindrical,
cylindroid[obs3]; columnar, lumbriciform[obs3]; conic,
conical; spherical, spheroidal; globular, globated[obs3],
globous[obs3], globose; egg shaped, bell shaped, pear
shaped; ovoid, oviform; gibbous; rixiform[obs3]; campaniform[obs3],
campanulate[obs3], campaniliform[obs3]; fungiform[obs3],
bead-like, moniliform[obs3], pyriform[obs3], bulbous;
tres atque rotundus[Lat]; round as an orange, round
as an apple, round as a ball, round as a billiard
ball, round as a cannon ball.
% 3. Superficial Form %
#250. Convexity.
— N. convexity, prominence, projection,
swelling,
gibbosity[obs3], bilge, bulge, protuberance, protrusion;
camber, cahot [obs3][N. Am.], thank-ye-ma’am
[U.S.]. swell.
intumescence; tumour[Brit],
tumor; tubercle, tuberosity[Anat];
excrescence; hump, hunch, bunch.
boss, embossment, hub,
hubble
[convex body parts]
tooth[U.S.], knob, elbow, process,
apophysis[obs3], condyle, bulb, node, nodule, nodosity[obs3],
tongue, dorsum, bump, clump; sugar loaf &c. (sharpness)
253; bow; mamelon[obs3]; molar; belly, corporation|!,
pot belly, gut[coll]; withers, back, shoulder, lip,
flange.
[convexities on skin]
pimple, zit [slang]; wen, wheel, papula[Med],
pustule, pock, proud flesh, growth, sarcoma, caruncle[obs3],
corn, wart, pappiloma, furuncle, polypus[obs3], fungus,
fungosity[obs3], exostosis[obs3], bleb, blister, blain[obs3];
boil &c. (disease) 655; airbubble[obs3], blob, papule,
verruca.
[convex body parts on
chest] papilla, nipple, teat, tit [vulgar],
titty [vulgar], boob [vulgar], knocker[vulgar], pap,
breast, dug, mammilla[obs3].
[prominent convexity
on the face] proboscis, nose, neb, beak, snout,
nozzle, schnoz[coll].
peg, button, stud, ridge,
rib, jutty, trunnion, snag.
cupola, dome, arch,
balcony, eaves; pilaster.
relief, relievo[It],
cameo; bassorilievo[obs3], mezzorilevo[obs3],
altorivievo; low relief, bas relief[Fr], high relief.
hill &c. (height) 206;
cape, promontory, mull; forehead,
foreland[obs3]; point of land, mole, jetty, hummock,
ledge, spur; naze[obs3], ness.
— p. 75 —
#251. Flatness.
— N. flatness &c. adj.; smoothness &c. 255.
plane; level &c. 213;
plate, platter, table, tablet, slab.
V. render flat, flatten;
level &c. 213.
Adj. flat, plane, even,
flush, scutiform[obs3], discoid; level &c.
(horizontal) 213; flat as a pancake, flat as a fluke,
flat as a flounder, flat as a board, flat as my hand.
#252. Concavity.
— N. concavity, depression, dip; hollow,
hollowness;
indentation, intaglio, cavity, dent, dint, dimple,
follicle, pit, sinus, alveolus[obs3], lacuna; excavation,
strip mine; trough &c. (furrow) 259; honeycomb.
cup, basin, crater,
punch bowl; cell &c. (receptacle) 191; socket.
valley, vale, dale,
dell, dingle, combe[obs3], bottom, slade[obs3],
strath[obs3], glade, grove, glen, cave, cavern, cove;
grot[obs3], grotto; alcove, cul-de-sac; gully &c.
198; arch &c. (curve) 245; bay &c. (of the sea) 343.
excavator, sapper, miner.
honeycomb (sponge) 252a.
V. be concave &c. adj.;
retire, cave in.
render concave &c. adj.;
depress, hollow; scoop, scoop out; gouge,
gouge out, dig, delve, excavate, dent, dint, mine,
sap, undermine, burrow, tunnel, stave in.
Adj. depressed &c. v.;
alveolate[obs3], calathiform[obs3], cup-shaped,
dishing; favaginous[obs3], faveolate[obs3], favose[obs3];
scyphiform[obs3], scyphose[obs3]; concave, hollow,
stove in; retiring; retreating; cavernous; porous
&c. (with holes) 260; infundibul[obs3], infundibular[obs3],
infundibuliform[obs3]; funnel shaped, bell shaped;
campaniform[obs3], capsular; vaulted, arched.
252a Sponge —
N. sponge, honeycomb, network; frit[Chem], filter.
sieve, net, screen (opening)
260.
Adj. cellular, spongy,
spongious[obs3]; honeycombed, alveolar;
sintered; porous (opening) 260.
#253. Sharpness.
— N. sharpness &c. adj.; acuity, acumination[obs3];
spinosity[obs3].
point, spike, spine,
spicule[Biol], spiculum[obs3]; needle, hypodermic
needle, tack, nail, pin; prick, prickle; spur, rowel,
barb; spit, cusp; horn, antler; snag; tag thorn, bristle;
Adam’s needle[obs3], bear grass [U.S.], tine,
yucca.
nib, tooth, tusk; spoke,
cog, ratchet.
crag, crest, arete[Fr],
cone peak, sugar loaf, pike, aiguille[obs3];
spire, pyramid, steeple.
beard, chevaux de frise[Fr],
porcupine, hedgehog, brier, bramble,
thistle; comb; awn, beggar’s lice, bur, burr,
catchweed[obs3], cleavers, clivers[obs3], goose, grass,
hairif[obs3], hariff, flax comb, hackle, hatchel[obs3],
heckle.
wedge; knife edge, cutting
edge; blade, edge tool, cutlery, knife,
penknife, whittle, razor, razor blade, safety razor,
straight razor, electric razor; scalpel; bistoury[obs3],
lancet; plowshare, coulter, colter[obs3]; hatchet,
ax, pickax, mattock, pick, adze, gill; billhook, cleaver,
cutter; scythe, sickle; scissors, shears, pruning shears,
cutters, wire cutters, nail clipper, paper cutter;
sword &c. (arms) 727; bodkin &c. (perforator) 262;
belduque[obs3], bowie knife[obs3], paring knife; bushwhacker
[U.S.]; drawing knife, drawing shave; microtome[Microbiol];
chisel, screwdriver blade; flint blade; guillotine.
sharpener, hone, strop;
grindstone, whetstone; novaculite[obs3];
steel, emery.
V. be sharp &c. adj.;
taper to a point; bristle with.
render sharp &c. adj.;
sharpen, point, aculeate, whet, barb,
spiculate[obs3], set, strop, grind; chip [flint].
cut &c. (sunder) 44.
Adj. sharp, keen; acute;
acicular, aciform[obs3]; aculeated[obs3],
acuminated[obs3]; pointed; tapering; conical, pyramidal;
mucronate[obs3], mucronated[obs3]; spindle shaped,
needle shaped; spiked, spiky, ensiform[obs3], peaked,
salient; cusped, cuspidate, cuspidated[obs3]; cornute[obs3],
cornuted[obs3], cornicultate[obs3]; prickly; spiny,
spinous[obs3], spicular; thorny, bristling, muricated[obs3],
pectinated[obs3], studded, thistly, briary[obs3]; craggy
&c. (rough) 256; snaggy, digitated[obs3], two-edged,
fusiform[Microb]; dentiform[obs3], denticulated; toothed;
odontoid[obs3]; starlike; stellated[obs3], stelliform[obs3];
sagittate[obs3], sagittiform[obs3]; arrowheaded[obs3];
arrowy[obs3], barbed, spurred.
acinaciform; apiculate[obs3],
apiculated[obs3]; aristate[obs3], awned,
awny[obs3], bearded, calamiform[obs3], cone-shaped,
coniform[obs3], crestate[obs3], echinate[obs3], gladiate[obs3];
lanceolate[obs3], lanciform; awl, awl-shaped, lance-shaped,
awl-shaped, scimitar-shaped, sword-shaped; setarious[obs3],
spinuliferous[obs3], subulate[obs3], tetrahedral,
xiphoid[obs3].
cutting; sharp edged,
knife edged; sharp as a razor, keen as a razor;
sharp as a needle, sharp as a tack; sharpened &c.
v.; set.
— p. 76 —
#254. Bluntness.
— N. bluntness &c. adj.
V. be blunt, render
blunt &c. adj.; obtund[obs3], dull; take off the
point, take off the edge; turn.
Adj. blunt, obtuse,
dull, bluff; edentate, toothless.
#255. Smoothness.
— N. smoothness &c. adj.; polish, gloss;
lubricity,
lubrication.
[smooth materials] down,
velvet, velure, silk, satin; velveteen,
velour, velours, velumen[obs3]; glass, ice.
slide; bowling green
&c. (level) 213; asphalt, wood pavement,
flagstone, flags.
[objects used to smooth
other objects] roller, steam roller, lawn
roller, rolling pin, rolling mill; sand paper, emery
paper, emery cloth, sander; flat iron, sad iron; burnisher,
turpentine and beeswax; polish, shoe polish.
[art of cutting and
polishing gemstones] lapidary.
[person who polishes
gemstones] lapidary, lapidarian.
V. smooth, smoothen[obs3];
plane; file; mow, shave; level, roll;
macadamize; polish, burnish, calender[obs3], glaze;
iron, hot-press, mangle; lubricate &c. (oil) 332.
Adj. smooth; polished
&c. v.; leiodermatous[obs3], slick,
velutinous[obs3]; even; level &c. 213; plane &c. (flat)
251; sleek, glossy; silken, silky; lanate[obs3], downy,
velvety; glabrous, slippery, glassy, lubricous, oily,
soft, unwrinkled[obs3]; smooth as glass, smooth as
ice, smooth as monumental alabaster, smooth as velvet,
smooth as oil; slippery as an eel; woolly &c. (feathery)
256.
Phr. smooth as silk;
slippery as coonshit on a pump handle; slippery
as a greased pig.
#256. Roughness.
— N. roughness &c. adj.; tooth, grain, texture,
ripple; asperity, rugosity[obs3], salebrosity|, corrugation,
nodosity[obs3]; arborescence[obs3] &c. 242; pilosity[obs3].
brush, hair, beard,
shag, mane, whisker, moustache, imperial, tress,
lock, curl, ringlet; fimbriae, pili, cilia, villi;
lovelock; beaucatcher[obs3]; curl paper; goatee; papillote,
scalp lock.
plumage, plumosity[obs3];
plume, panache, crest; feather, tuft,
fringe, toupee.
wool, velvet, plush,
nap, pile, floss, fur, down; byssus[obs3], moss,
bur; fluff.
knot (convolution) 248.
V. be rough &c. adj.;
go against the grain.
render-rough &c. adj.;
roughen, ruffle, crisp, crumple, corrugate, set
on edge, stroke the wrong way, rumple.
Adj. rough, uneven,
scabrous, scaly ,knotted; rugged, rugose[obs3],
rugous[obs3]; knurly[obs3]; asperous[obs3], crisp,
salebrous|, gnarled, unpolished, unsmooth[obs3], roughhewn[obs3];
craggy, cragged; crankling[obs3], scraggy; prickly
&c. (sharp) 253; arborescent &c. 242[obs3]; leafy,
well-wooded; feathery; plumose, plumigerous[obs3];
laciniate[obs3], laciniform[obs3], laciniose[obs3];
pappose[obs3]; pileous[obs3], pilose[obs3]; trichogenous[obs3],
trichoid[Med]; tufted, fimbriated, hairy, ciliated,
filamentous, hirsute; crinose[obs3], crinite[obs3];
bushy, hispid, villous, pappous[obs3], bearded, pilous[obs3],
shaggy, shagged; fringed, befringed[obs3]; setous|,
setose[obs3], setaceous; “like quills upon the
fretful porcupine” [Hamlet]; rough as a nutmeg
grater, rough as a bear.
downy, velvety, flocculent,
woolly; lanate[obs3], lanated[obs3];
lanuginous[obs3], lanuginose[obs3]; tomentose[obs3];
fluffy.
Adv. against the grain.
Phr. cabello luengo
y corto el seso[Sp].
#257. Notch. —
N. notch, dent, nick, cut; indent, indentation;
dimple.
embrasure, battlement,
machicolation[obs3]; saw, tooth,
crenelle[obs3], scallop, scollop[obs3], vandyke; depression;
jag.
V. notch, nick, cut,
dent, indent, jag, scarify, scotch, crimp,
scallop, scollop[obs3], crenulate[obs3], vandyke.
Adj. notched &c. v.;
crenate[obs3], crenated[obs3]; dentate, dentated;
denticulate, denticulated; toothed, palmated[obs3],
serrated.
— p. 77 —
#258. Fold. —
N. fold, plicature[obs3], plait, pleat, ply, crease;
tuck, gather; flexion, flexure, joint, elbow, double,
doubling, duplicature[obs3], gather, wrinkle, rimple[obs3],
crinkle, crankle[obs3], crumple, rumple, rivel[obs3],
ruck[obs3], ruffle, dog’s ear, corrugation,
frounce[obs3], flounce, lapel; pucker, crow’s
feet; plication[obs3].
V. fold, double, plicate[obs3],
plait, crease, wrinkle, crinkle,
crankle[obs3], curl, cockle up, cocker, rimple[obs3],
rumple, flute, frizzle, frounce[obs3], rivel[obs3],
twill, corrugate, ruffle, crimple|, crumple, pucker;
turn down, double down, down under; tuck, ruck[obs3],
hem, gather.
Adj. folded, fluted,
pleated &c. v..
#259. Furrow. —
N. furrow, groove, rut, sulcus[Anat], scratch,
streak, striae, crack, score, incision, slit; chamfer,
fluting; corduroy road, cradle hole.
channel, gutter, trench,
ditch, dike, dyke; moat, fosse[obs3], trough,
kennel; ravine &c. (interval) 198; tajo [obs3][U.S.],
thank-ye-ma’am [U.S.].
V. furrow &c. n.; flute,
plow; incise, engrave, etch, bite in.
Adj. furrowed &c. v.;
ribbed, striated, sulcated[Anat], fluted,
canaliculated[obs3]; bisulcous[obs3], bisulcate[obs3],
bisulcated[obs3]; canaliferous[obs3]; trisulcate[obs3];
corduroy; unisulcate[obs3]; costate[obs3], rimiform[obs3].
#260. Opening —
N. hole, foramen; puncture, perforation;
fontanel[obs3]; transforation[obs3]; pinhole, keyhole,
loophole, porthole, peephole, mousehole, pigeonhole;
eye of a needle; eyelet; slot.
opening; aperture, apertness[obs3];
hiation[obs3], yawning,
oscitancy[obs3], dehiscence, patefaction|, pandiculation[obs3];
chasm &c. (interval) 198.
embrasure, window, casement;
abatjour[obs3]; light; sky light, fan
light; lattice; bay window, bow window; oriel[Arch];
dormer, lantern.
outlet, inlet; vent,
vomitory; embouchure; orifice, mouth, sucker,
muzzle, throat, gullet, weasand[obs3], wizen, nozzle;
placket.
portal, porch, gate,
ostiary|, postern, wicket, trapdoor, hatch, door;
arcade; cellarway[obs3], driveway, gateway, doorway,
hatchway, gangway; lich gate[obs3].
way, path &c. 627; thoroughfare;
channel; passage, passageway; tube,
pipe; water pipe &c. 350; air pipe &c. 351; vessel,
tubule, canal, gut, fistula; adjutage[obs3], ajutage[obs3];
ostium[obs3]; smokestack; chimney, flue, tap, funnel,
#261. Closure.
— N. closure, occlusion, blockade; shutting
up &c. v.;
obstruction &c. (hindrance) 706; embolus; contraction
&c. 195; infarction; constipation, obstipation[obs3];
blind alley, blind corner; keddah[obs3]; cul-de-sac,
caecum; imperforation[obs3], imperviousness &c. adj.;
impermeability; stopper &c. 263.
V. close, occlude, plug;
block up, stop up, fill up, bung up, cork up,
button up, stuff up, shut up, dam up; blockade, obstruct
&c.
(hinder) 706; bar, bolt,
stop, seal, plumb; choke, throttle; ram down,
dam, cram; trap, clinch; put to the door, shut the
door.
Adj. closed &c. v.;
shut, operculated[obs3]; unopened.
unpierced[obs3], imporous[obs3],
caecal[Med]; closable; imperforate,
impervious, impermeable; impenetrable; impassable,
unpassable|2; invious|; pathless, wayless[obs3]; untrodden,
untrod.
unventilated; air tight,
water tight; hermetically sealed; tight,
snug.
— p. 78 —
#262. Perforator. — N. perforator, piercer, borer, auger, chisel, gimlet, stylet[obs3], drill, wimble[obs3], awl, bradawl, scoop, terrier, corkscrew, dibble, trocar[Med], trepan, probe, bodkin, needle, stiletto, rimer, warder, lancet; punch, puncheon; spikebit[obs3], gouge; spear &c. (weapon) 727; puncher; punching machine, punching press; punch pliers.
#263. Stopper.
— N. stopper, stopple; plug, cork, bung,
spike, spill,
stopcock, tap; rammer[obs3]; ram, ramrod; piston;
stop-gap; wadding, stuffing, padding, stopping, dossil[obs3],
pledget[obs3], tompion[obs3], tourniquet.
cover &c. 223; valve,
vent peg, spigot, slide valve.
janitor, doorkeeper,
porter, warder, beadle, cerberus, ostiary[obs3].
% Section IV. MOTION 1. Motion in General %
#264. [Successive change
of place.] Motion. — N. motion, movement,
move; going &c. v.; unrest.
stream, flow, flux,
run, course, stir; evolution; kinematics;
telekinesis.
step, rate, pace, tread,
stride, gait, port, footfall, cadence,
carriage, velocity, angular velocity; clip, progress,
locomotion; journey &c. 266; voyage &c. 267; transit
&c. 270.
restlessness &c. (changeableness)
149; mobility; movableness, motive
power; laws of motion; mobilization.
V. be in motion &c.
adj.; move, go, hie, gang, budge, stir, pass,
flit; hover about, hover round, hover about; shift,
slide, glide; roll, roll on; flow, stream, run, drift,
sweep along; wander &c. (deviate) 279; walk &c. 266;
change one’s place, shift one’s place,
change one’s quarters, shift one’s quarters;
dodge; keep going, keep moving;
put in motion, set in
motion; move; impel &c. 276; propel &c. 284;
render movable, mobilize.
Adj. moving &c. v.;
in motion; transitional; motory[obs3], motive;
shifting, movable, mobile, mercurial, unquiet; restless
&c. (changeable) 149; nomadic &c. 266; erratic &c.
279.
Adv. under way; on the
move, on the wing, on the tramp, on the march.
Phr. eppur si muove
[It][Galileo]; es bildet ein Talent sich in der
Stille[Ger], sich ein Charakter in dem Strom der Welt[Ger].
#265. Quiescence.
— N. rest; stillness &c. adj.; quiescence;
stagnation, stagnancy; fixity, immobility, catalepsy;
indisturbance[obs3]; quietism.
quiet, tranquility,
calm; repose &c. 687; peace; dead calm,
anticyclone|!; statue-like repose; silence &c. 203;
not a breath of air, not a mouse stirring; sleep &c.
(inactivity) 683.
pause, lull &c. (cessation)
142; stand still; standing still &c. v.;
lock; dead lock, dead stop, dead stand; full stop;
fix; embargo.
resting place; gite[Fr];
bivouac; home &c. (abode) 189; pillow &c.
(support) 215; haven &c. (refuge) 666; goal &c. (arrival)
292.
V. be quiescent &c.
adj.; stand still, lie still; keep quiet, repose,
hold the breath.
remain, stay; stand,
lie to, ride at anchor, remain in situ, tarry,
mark time; bring to, heave to, lay to; pull up, draw
up; hold, halt; stop, stop short; rest, pause, anchor;
cast to an anchor, come to an anchor; rest on one’s
oars; repose on one’s laurels, take breath; stop
&c. (discontinue) 142.
stagnate; quieta non
movere[Lat]; let alone; abide, rest and be
thankful; keep within doors, stay at home, go to bed.
dwell &c. (be present)
186; settle &c. (be located) 184; alight &c.
(arrive) 292 stick, stick fast; stand like a post;
not stir a peg, not stir a step; be at a stand &c.
n. quell, becalm, hush, stay, lull to sleep, lay an
embargo on.
Adj. quiescent, still;
motionless, moveless; fixed; stationary;
immotile; at rest at a stand, at a standstill, at
— p. 79 —
#266. [Locomotion by
land.] Journey. — N. travel; traveling &c.
v.
wayfaring, campaigning.
journey, excursion,
expedition, tour, trip, grand tour, circuit,
peregrination, discursion|, ramble, pilgrimage, hajj,
trek, course, ambulation[obs3], march, walk, promenade,
constitutional, stroll, saunter, tramp, jog trot,
turn, stalk, perambulation; noctambulation[obs3],
noctambulism; somnambulism; outing, ride, drive, airing,
jaunt.
equitation, horsemanship,
riding, manege[Fr], ride and tie;
basophobia[obs3].
roving, vagrancy, pererration|;
marching and countermarching;
nomadism; vagabondism, vagabondage; hoboism [U.S.];
gadding; flit, flitting, migration; emigration, immigration,
demigration|, intermigration[obs3]; wanderlust.
plan, itinerary, guide;
handbook, guidebook, road book;
Baedeker[obs3], Bradshaw, Murray; map, road map, transportation
guide, subway map.
procession, cavalcade,
caravan, file, cortege, column.
[Organs and instruments
of locomotion] vehicle &c. 272; automobile,
train, bus, airplane, plane, autobus, omnibus, subway,
motorbike, dirt bike, off-road vehicle, van, minivan,
motor scooter, trolley, locomotive; legs, feet, pegs,
pins, trotters.
traveler &c. 268.
depot [U.S.], railway
station, station.
V. travel, journey,
course; take a journey, go a journey; take a walk,
go out for walk &c. n.; have a run; take the air.
flit, take wing; migrate,
emigrate; trek; rove, prowl, roam, range,
patrol, pace up and down, traverse; scour the country,
traverse the country; peragrate|; circumambulate,
perambulate; nomadize[obs3], wander, ramble, stroll,
saunter, hover, go one’s rounds, straggle; gad,
gad about; expatiate.
walk, march, step, tread,
pace, plod, wend, go by shank’s mare;
promenade; trudge, tramp; stalk, stride, straddle,
strut, foot it, hoof it, stump, bundle, bowl along,
toddle; paddle; tread a path.
take horse, ride, drive,
trot, amble, canter, prance, fisk[obs3],
frisk, caracoler[obs3], caracole; gallop &c. (move
quickly) 274.
[start riding] embark,
board, set out, hit the road, get going, get
underway.
peg on, jog on, wag
on, shuffle on; stir one’s stumps; bend one’s
steps, bend one’s course; make one’s way,
find one’s way, wend one’s way, pick one’s
#267. [Locomotion by
water, or air.] Navigation. — N. navigation;
aquatics; boating, yachting; ship &c. 273; oar, paddle,
screw, sail, canvas, aileron.
natation[obs3], swimming;
fin, flipper, fish’s tail.
aerostation[obs3], aerostatics[obs3],
aeronautics; balloonery[obs3];
balloon &c. 273; ballooning, aviation, airmanship;
flying, flight, volitation[obs3]; wing, pinion; rocketry,
space travel, astronautics, orbital mechanics, orbiting.
voyage, sail, cruise,
passage, circumnavigation, periplus[obs3];
headway, sternway, leeway; fairway.
mariner &c. 269.
flight, trip; shuttle,
run, airlift.
V. sail; put to sea
&c. (depart) 293; take ship, get under way; set
sail, spread sail, spread canvas; gather way, have
way on; make sail, carry sail; plow the waves, plow
the deep, plow the main, plow the ocean; walk the
waters.
navigate, warp, luff[obs3],
scud, boom, kedge; drift, course, cruise,
coast; hug the shore, hug the land; circumnavigate.
ply the oar, row, paddle,
pull, scull, punt, steam.
swim, float; buffet
the waves, ride the storm, skim, effleurer[Fr],
dive, wade.
fly, be wafted, hover,
soar, flutter, jet, orbit, rocket; take wing,
take a flight, take off, ascend, blast off, land,
alight; wing one’s flight, wing one’s
way; aviate; parachute, jump, glide.
Adj. sailing &c. v.;
volant[obs3], aerostatic[obs3]; seafaring,
nautical, maritime, naval; seagoing, coasting; afloat;
navigable; aerial, aeronautic; grallatory[obs3].
Adv. under way, under
sail, under canvas, under steam; on the wing, in
flight, in orbit.
Phr. bon voyage; “spread
the thin oar and catch the driving gale”
[Pope].
— p. 80 —
#268. Traveler.
— N. traveler, wayfarer, voyager, itinerant,
passenger, commuter.
tourist, excursionist,
explorer, adventurer, mountaineer, hiker,
backpacker, Alpine Club; peregrinator[obs3], wanderer,
rover, straggler, rambler; bird of passage; gadabout,
gadling[obs3]; vagrant, scatterling[obs3], landloper[obs3],
waifs and estrays[obs3], wastrel, foundling; loafer;
tramp, tramper; vagabond, nomad, Bohemian, gypsy,
Arab[obs3], Wandering Jew, Hadji, pilgrim, palmer;
peripatetic; somnambulist, emigrant, fugitive, refugee;
#269. Mariner.
— N. sailor, mariner, navigator; seaman,
seafarer,
seafaring man; dock walloper*; tar, jack tar, salt,
able seaman, A. B.; man-of-war’s man, bluejacket,
galiongee[obs3], galionji[obs3], marine, jolly, midshipman,
middy; skipper; shipman[obs3], boatman, ferryman,
waterman[obs3], lighterman[obs3], bargeman, longshoreman;
bargee[obs3], gondolier; oar, oarsman; rower; boatswain,
cockswain[obs3]; coxswain; steersman, pilot; crew.
aerial navigator, aeronaut,
balloonist, Icarus; aeroplanist[obs3],
airman, aviator, birdman, man-bird, wizard of the
air, aviatrix, flier, pilot, test pilot, glider pilot,
bush pilot, navigator, flight attendant, steward,
stewardess, crew; astronaut, cosmonaut; parachutist,
paratrooper.
#270. Transference.
— N. transfer, transference; translocation,
elocation|; displacement; metastasis, metathesis;
removal; remotion[obs3], amotion[obs3]; relegation;
deportation, asportation[obs3]; extradition, conveyance,
draft, carrying, carriage; convection, conduction,
contagion; transfer &c. (of property) 783.
transit, transition;
passage, ferry, gestation; portage,
porterage[obs3], carting, cartage; shoveling &c. v.;
vection|, vecture|, vectitation|; shipment, freight,
wafture[obs3]; transmission, transport, transportation,
importation, exportation, transumption[obs3], transplantation,
translation; shifting, dodging; dispersion &c. 73;
transposition &c. (interchange) 148; traction &c. 285.
[Thing transferred]
drift.
V. transfer, transmit,
transport, transplace[obs3], transplant,
translocate; convey, carry, bear, fetch and carry;
carry over, ferry over; hand pass, forward; shift;
conduct, convoy, bring, fetch, reach; tote [U.S.];
port, import, export.
send, delegate, consign,
relegate, turn over to, deliver; ship,
embark; waft; shunt; transpose &c. (interchange) 148;
displace &c. 185; throw &c. 284; drag &c. 285; mail,
post.
shovel, ladle, decant,
draft off, transfuse, infuse, siphon.
Adj. transferred &c.
v.; drifted, movable; portable, portative[obs3];
mailable [U.S.]; contagious.
Adv. from hand to hand,
from pillar to post.
on the way, by the way;
on the road, on the wing, under way, in
transit, on course; as one goes; in transitu[Lat],
en route, chemin faisant[Fr], en passant[Fr], in mid
progress, in mid course.
— p. 81 —
#271. Carrier.
— N. carrier, porter, bearer, tranter|,
conveyer;
cargador[obs3]; express, expressman; stevedore, coolie;
conductor, locomotive, motor.
beast, beast of burden,
cattle, horse, nag, palfrey, Arab[obs3], blood
horse, thoroughbred, galloway[obs3], charger, courser,
racer, hunter, jument[obs3], pony, filly, colt, foal,
barb, roan, jade, hack, bidet, pad, cob, tit, punch,
roadster, goer[obs3]; racehorse, pack horse, draft
horse, cart horse, dray horse, post horse; ketch;
Shetland pony, shelty, sheltie; garran[obs3], garron[obs3];
jennet, genet[obs3], bayard[obs3], mare, stallion,
gelding; bronco, broncho[obs3], cayuse [U.S.]; creature,
critter [rural U.S.]; cow pony, mustang, Narraganset,
waler[obs3]; stud.
Pegasus, Bucephalus,
Rocinante.
ass, donkey, jackass,
mule, hinny; sumpter horse, sumpter mule; burro,
cuddy[obs3], ladino [obs3][U.S.]; reindeer; camel,
dromedary, llama, elephant; carrier pigeon.
[object used for carrying]
pallet, brace, cart, dolley; support &c.
215; fork lift.
carriage &c. (vehicle)
272; ship &c. 273.
Adj. equine, asinine.
#272. Vehicle.
— N. vehicle, conveyance, carriage, caravan,
van;
common carrier; wagon, waggon[obs3], wain, dray, cart,
lorry.
truck, tram; cariole,
carriole[obs3]; limber, tumbrel, pontoon;
barrow; wheel barrow, hand barrow; perambulator; Bath
chair, wheel chair, sedan chair; chaise; palankeen[obs3],
palanquin; litter, brancard[obs3], crate, hurdle,
stretcher, ambulance; black Maria; conestoga wagon,
conestoga wain; jinrikisha, ricksha, brett[obs3], dearborn
[obs3][U.S.], dump cart, hack, hackery[obs3], jigger,
kittereen[obs3], mailstate[obs3], manomotor[obs3],
rig, rockaway[obs3], prairie schooner [U.S.], shay,
sloven [Can.], team, tonga[obs3], wheel; hobbyhorse,
go-cart; cycle; bicycle, bike, two-wheeler; tricycle,
velocipede, quadricycle[obs3].
equipage, turn-out;
coach, chariot, phaeton, break, mail phaeton,
wagonette, drag, curricle[obs3], tilbury[obs3], whisky,
landau, barouche, victoria, brougham, clarence[obs3],
calash, caleche[French], britzka[obs3], araba[obs3],
kibitka[obs3]; berlin; sulky, desobligeant[French],
sociable, vis-a-vis, dormeuse[Fr]; jaunting car, outside
car; dandi[obs3]; doolie[obs3], dooly[obs3]; munchil[obs3],
palki[obs3]; roller skates, skate; runabout; ski;
tonjon[obs3]; vettura[obs3].
post chaise, diligence,
stage; stage coach, mail coach, hackney coach,
glass coach; stage wagon, car, omnibus, fly, cabriolet[obs3],
cab, hansom, shofle[obs3], four-wheeler, growler,
droshki[obs3], drosky[obs3].
dogcart, trap, whitechapel,
buggy, four-in-hand, unicorn, random,
tandem; shandredhan[obs3], char-a-bancs[French].
motor car, automobile,
limousine, car, auto, jalopy, clunker, lemon,
flivver, coupe, sedan, two-door sedan, four-door sedan,
luxury sedan; wheels [coll.], sports car, roadster,
#273. Ship. —
N. ship, vessel, sail; craft, bottom.
navy, marine, fleet,
flotilla; shipping.
man of war &c. (combatant)
726; transport, tender, storeship[obs3];
merchant ship, merchantman; packet, liner; whaler,
slaver, collier, coaster, lighter; fishing boat, pilot
boat; trawler, hulk; yacht; baggala[obs3]; floating
hotel, floating palace; ocean greyhound.
ship, bark, barque,
brig, snow, hermaphrodite brig; brigantine,
barkantine[obs3]; schooner; topsail schooner, for
and aft schooner, three masted schooner; chasse-maree[Fr];
sloop, cutter, corvette, clipper, foist, yawl, dandy,
ketch, smack, lugger, barge, hoy[obs3], cat, buss;
sailer, sailing vessel; windjammer; steamer, steamboat,
steamship, liner, ocean liner, cruisp, flap, dab,
pat, thump, beat, blow, bang, slam, dash; punch, thwack,
whack; hit hard, strike hard; swap, batter, dowse|,
baste; pelt, patter, buffet, belabor; fetch one a
blow; poke at, pip, ship of the line; destroyer, cruiser,
frigate; landing ship, LST[abbr]; aircraft carrier,
carrier, flattop[coll.], nuclear powered carrier; submarine,
submersible, atomic submarine.
boat, pinnace, launch;
life boat, long boat, jolly boat, bum boat, fly
boat, cock boat, ferry oat, canal boat; swamp boat,
ark, bully [Nfld.], bateau battery[Can.], broadhorn[obs3],
dory, droger[obs3], drogher; dugout, durham boat,
flatboat, galiot[obs3]; shallop[obs3], gig, funny,
— p. 82 — % 2. Degrees of Motion %
#274. Velocity.
— N. velocity, speed, celerity; swiftness
&c. adj.;
rapidity, eagle speed; expedition &c. (activity) 682;
pernicity|; acceleration; haste &c. 684.
spurt, rush, dash, race,
steeple chase; smart rate, lively rate, swift
rate &c. adj.; rattling rate, spanking rate, strapping
rate, smart pace, lively pace, swift pace, rattling
pace, spanking pace, strapping pace; round pace; flying,
flight.
lightning, greased lightning,
light, electricity, wind; cannon ball,
rocket, arrow, dart, hydrargyrum[Lat], quicksilver;
telegraph, express train; torrent.
eagle, antelope, courser,
race horse, gazelle, greyhound, hare, doe,
squirrel, camel bird, chickaree[obs3], chipmunk, hackee
[obs3][U.S.], ostrich, scorcher*.
Mercury, Ariel[obs3],
Camilla[obs3], Harlequin.
[Measurement of velocity]
log, log line; speedometer, odometer,
tachometer, strobe, radar speed detector, radar trap,
air speed gauge, wind sock, wind speed meter; pedometer.
V. move quickly, trip,
fisk|; speed, hie, hasten, post, spank,
scuttle; scud, scuddle[obs3]; scour, scour the plain;
scamper; run like mad, beat it; fly, race, run a race,
cut away, shot, tear, whisk, zoom, swoosh, sweep,
skim, brush; cut along, bowl along, barrel along, barrel;
scorch, burn up the track; rush &c. (be violent) 173;
dash on, dash off, dash forward; bolt; trot, gallop,
amble, troll, bound, flit, spring, dart, boom; march
in quick time, march in double time; ride hard, get
over the ground.
#275. Slowness.
— N. slowness &c. adj.; languor &c. (inactivity)
683;
drawl; creeping &c. v., lentor[obs3].
retardation; slackening
&c. v.; delay &c. (lateness) 133;
claudication|.
jog trot, dog trot;
mincing steps; slow march, slow time.
slow goer[obs3], slow
coach, slow back; lingerer, loiterer, sluggard,
tortoise, snail; poke* [U.S.]; dawdle &c. (inactive)
683.
V. move slowly &c. adv.;
creep, crawl, lag, slug, drawl, linger,
loiter, saunter; plod, trudge, stump along, lumber;
trail, drag; dawdle &c. (be inactive) 683; grovel,
worm one’s way, steal along; job on, rub on,
bundle on; toddle, waddle, wabble[obs3], slug, traipse,
slouch, shuffle, halt, hobble, limp, caludicate|,
shamble; flag, falter, trotter, stagger; mince, step
short; march in slow time, march in funeral procession;
take one’s time; hang fire &c. (be late) 133.
retard, relax; slacken,
check, moderate, rein in, curb; reef; strike
sail, shorten sail, take in sail; put on the drag,
apply the brake; clip the wings; reduce the speed;
slacken speed, slacken one’s pace; lose ground.
Adj. slow, slack; tardy;
dilatory &c. (inactive) 683; gentle, easy;
leisurely; deliberate, gradual; insensible, imperceptible;
glacial, languid, sluggish, slow paced, tardigrade|!,
— p. 83 — % 3. Motion conjoined with Force % — distinguish between impact, collision, and impulse imparted thereby? 12-13-90 —
#276. Impulse.
— N. impulse, impulsion, impetus; momentum;
push,
pulsion[obs3], thrust, shove, jog, jolt, brunt, booming,
boost [U.S.], throw; explosion &c. (violence) 173;
propulsion &c. 284.
percussion, concussion,
collision, occursion|, clash, encounter,
cannon, carambole[obs3], appulse[obs3], shock, crash,
bump; impact; elan; charge &c. (attack) 716; beating
&c. (punishment) 972.
blow, dint, stroke,
knock, tap, rap, slap, smack, pat, dab; fillip;
slam, bang; hit, whack, thwack; cuff &c. 972; squash,
dowse, swap, whap[obs3], punch, thump, pelt, kick,
punce|, calcitration[obs3]; ruade[obs3]; arietation|;
cut, thrust, lunge, yerk|; carom, carrom[obs3], clip
*, jab, plug*, sidewinder* [U.S.], sidewipe[obs3],
sideswipe [U.S.].
hammer, sledge hammer,
mall, maul, mallet, flail; ram, rammer[obs3];
battering ram, monkey, pile-driving engine, punch,
bat; cant hook; cudgel &c. (weapon) 727; ax &c. (sharp)
253.
[Science of mechanical
forces] dynamics; seismometer, accelerometer,
earthquake detector.
V. give an impetus &c.
n.; impel, push; start, give a start to, set
going; drive, urge, boom; thrust, prod, foin[Fr];
cant; elbow, shoulder, jostle, justle[obs3], hustle,
hurtle, shove, jog, jolt, encounter; run against,
bump against, butt against; knock one’s head
against, run one’s head against; impinge; boost
[U.S.]; bunt, carom, clip y; fan, fan out; jab, plug
*.
strike, knock, hit,
tap, rap, slap, flap, dab, pat, thump, beat, blow,
bang, slam, dash; punch, thwack, whack; hit hard,
strike hard; swap, batter, dowse|, baste; pelt, patter,
buffet, belabor; fetch one a blow; poke at, pink,
lunge, yerk[obs3]; kick, calcitrate[obs3]; butt, strike
at &c. (attack) 716; whip c. (punish) 972.
come into a collision,
enter into collision; collide; sideswipe; foul;
fall foul of, run foul of; telescope.
throw &c. (propel) 284.
Adj. impelling &c. v.;
impulsive, impellent[obs3]; booming; dynamic,
dynamical; impelled &c. v.
Phr. “a hit, a
very palpable hit” [Hamlet].
#277. Recoil. —
N. recoil; reaction, retroaction; revulsion; bounce,
rebound, ricochet; repercussion, recalcitration[obs3];
kick, contrecoup[Fr]; springing back &c. v.; elasticity
&c. 325; reflection, reflexion[Brit], reflex, reflux;
reverberation &c. (resonance) 408; rebuff, repulse;
return.
ducks and drakes; boomerang;
spring, reactionist[obs3].
elastic collision, coefficient
of restitution.
V. recoil, react; spring
back, fly back, bounce back, bound back;
rebound, reverberate, repercuss[obs3], recalcitrate[obs3];
echo, ricochet.
Adj. recoiling &c. v.;
refluent[obs3], repercussive, recalcitrant,
reactionary; retroactive.
Adv. on the rebound,
on the recoil &c. n.
Phr. for every action
there is a reaction equal in force and opposite
in direction [Newton].
— p. 84 — % 4. Motion with reference to Direction %
#278. Direction.
— N. direction, bearing, course, vector;
set, drift,
tenor; tendency &c. 176; incidence; bending, trending
&c. v.; dip, tack, aim, collimation; steering steerage.
point of the compass,
cardinal points; North East, South, West; N by
E, ENE, NE by N, NE, &c; rhumb[obs3], azimuth, line
of collimation.
line, path, road, range,
quarter, line of march; alignment,
allignment[obs3]; air line, beeline; straight shoot.
V. tend towards, bend
towards, point towards; conduct to, go to; point
to, point at; bend, trend, verge, incline, dip, determine.
steer for, steer towards,
make for, make towards; aim at, level at;
take aim; keep a course, hold a course; be bound for;
bend one’s steps towards; direct one’s
course, steer one’s course, bend one’s
course, shape one’s course; align one’s
march, allign one’s march[obs3]; to straight,
go straight to the point; march on, march on a point.
ascertain one’s
direction &c. n.; s’orienter[French], see which
way
the wind blows; box the compass; take the air line.
Adj. directed &c. v.
directed towards; pointing towards &c. v.; bound
for; aligned, with alligned with[obs3]; direct, straight;
undeviating, unswerving; straightforward; North, Northern,
Northerly, &c. n.
Adv. towards; on the
road, on the high road to; en avant; versus, to;
hither, thither, whither; directly; straight as an
arrow, forwards as an arrow; point blank; in a bee
line to, in a direct line to, as the crow flies, in
a straight line to, in a bee line for, in a direct
line for, in a straight line for, in a bee line with,
in a direct line with, in a straight line with; in
a line with; full tilt at, as the crow flies.
before the wind, near
the wind, close to the wind, against the wind;
windwards, in the wind’s eye.
through, via, by way
of; in all directions, in all manner of ways;
quaquaversum[Lat], from the four winds.
Phr. the shortest distance
between two points is a straight line.
#279. Deviation.
— N. deviation; swerving &c. v.; obliquation|,
warp,
refraction; flection[obs3], flexion; sweep; deflection,
deflexure[obs3]; declination.
diversion, digression,
depart from, aberration; divergence &c. 291;
zigzag; detour &c. (circuit) 629; divagation.
[Desultory motion] wandering
&c. v.; vagrancy, evagation[obs3];
bypaths and crooked ways; byroad.
[Motion sideways, oblique
motion] sidling &c. v.; knight’s move at
chess.
V. alter one’s
course, deviate, depart from, turn, trend; bend, curve
&c. 245; swerve, heel, bear off; gybe[obs3], wear.
intervert[obs3]; deflect;
divert, divert from its course; put on a new
scent, shift, shunt, draw aside, crook, warp.
stray, straggle; sidle;
diverge &c. 291; tralineate|; digress, wander;
wind, twist, meander; veer, tack; divagate; sidetrack;
turn aside, turn a corner, turn away from; wheel,
steer clear of; ramble, rove, drift; go astray, go
adrift; yaw, dodge; step aside, ease off, make way
for, shy.
fly off at a tangent;
glance off; wheel about, face about; turn to the
right about, face to the right about; waddle &c. (oscillate)
314; go out of one’s way &c. (perform a circuit)
629; lose one’s way.
Adj. deviating &c. v.;
aberrant, errant; excursive, discursive;
devious, desultory, loose; rambling; stray, erratic,
vagrant, undirected, circuitous, indirect, zigzag;
crab-like.
Adv. astray from, round
about, wide of the mark; to the right about;
all manner of ways; circuitously &c. 629.
obliquely, sideling,
like the move of the knight on a chessboard.
#280. [Going before.]
Precession. — N. precession, leading, heading;
precedence &c. 62; priority &c. 116; the lead, le
pas; van &c. (front) 234; precursor &c. 64.
V. go before, go ahead,
go in the van, go in advance; precede,
forerun; usher in, introduce, herald, head, take the
lead; lead the way, lead the dance; get the start,
have the start; steal a march; get before, get ahead,
get in front of; outstrip &c. 303; take precedence
&c. (first in order) 62.
Adj. leading, precedent
&c. v.
Adv. in advance, before,
ahead, in the van, in the lead; foremost,
headmost[obs3]; in front; at the head, out in front;
way out in front, far ahead.
Phr. seniores priores[Lat],
ahead of his time.
#281. [Going after.]
Sequence. — N. sequence; coming after &c.
(order) 63; (time) 117; following pursuit &c. 622.
follower, attendant,
satellite, shadow, dangler, train.
V. follow; pursue &c.
622; go after, fly after.
attend, beset, dance
attendance on, dog; tread in the steps of, tread
close upon; be in the wake of, be in the trail of,
be in the rear of, go in the wake of, go in the trail
of, go in the rear of, follow in the wake of, follow
in the trail of, follow in the rear of; follow as a
shadow, hang on the skirts of; tread on the heels
of, follow on the heels of; camp on the trail.
Adj. subsequent, next,
succeeding; following &c. v..
Adv. behind; in the
rear &c. 235, in the train of, in the wake of;
after &c. (order) 63, (time) 117.
— p. 85 —
#282. [Motion forward;
progressive motion.] Progression. — N.
progress, progression, progressiveness; advancing
&c. v.; advance, advancement; ongoing; flood, tide,
headway; march &c. 266; rise; improvement &c. 658.
V. advance; proceed,
progress; get on, get along, get over the ground;
gain ground; forge ahead; jog on, rub on, wag on;
go with the stream; keep one’s course, hold
on one’s course; go on, move on, come one, get
on, pass on, push on, press on, go forward, move forward,
come forward, get forward, pass forward, push forward,
press forward, go forwards, move forwards, come forwards,
get forwards, pass forwards, push forwards, press forwards,
go ahead, move ahead, come ahead, get ahead, pass
ahead, push ahead, press ahead; make one’s way,
work one’s way, carve one’s way, push one’s
way, force one’s way, edge one’s way,
elbow one’s way; make progress, make head, make
way, make headway, make advances, make strides, make
rapid strides &c. (velocity) 274; go ahead, shoot
ahead; distance; make up leeway.
Adj. advancing &c. v.;
progressive, profluent[obs3]; advanced.
Adv. forward, onward;
forth, on, ahead, under way, en route for, on
one’s way, on the way, on the road, on the high
road, on the road to; in progress; in mid progress;
in transitu &c. 270[Lat].
Phr. vestigia nulla
retrorsum[Lat]; “westward the course of empire
takes its way” [Berkeley].
#283. [Motion backwards.]
Regression. — N. regress, regression;
retrocession[obs3], retrogression, retrograduation[obs3],
retroaction; reculade[obs3]; retreat, withdrawal,
retirement, remigration[obs3]; recession &c. (motion
from) 287; recess; crab-like motion.
refluence[obs3], reflux;
backwater, regurgitation, ebb, return;
resilience reflection, reflexion (recoil) 277[Brit];
flip-flop, volte-face[Fr].
counter motion, retrograde
motion, backward movement, motion in
reverse, counter movement, counter march; veering,
tergiversation, recidivation|, backsliding, fall;
deterioration &c. 659; recidivism, recidivity[obs3].
reversal, relapse, turning
point &c.(reversion) 145.
V. recede, regrade,
return, revert, retreat, retire; retrograde,
retrocede; back out; back down; balk; crawfish* [U.S.],
crawl*; withdraw; rebound &c. 277; go back, come back,
turn back, hark back, draw back, fall back, get back,
put back, run back; lose ground; fall astern, drop
astern; backwater, put about; backtrack, take the
back track; veer round; double, wheel, countermarch;
ebb, regurgitate; jib, shrink, shy.
turn tail, turn round,
turn upon one’s heel, turn one’s back upon;
retrace one’s steps, dance the back step; sound
a retreat, beat a retreat; go home.
Adj. receding &c. v.;
retrograde, retrogressive; regressive,
refluent[obs3], reflex, recidivous, resilient; crab-like;
balky; reactionary &c. 277.
Adv. back, backwards;
reflexively, to the right about; a reculons[Fr],
a rebours[Fr].
Phr. revenons a nos
moutons[Fr], as you were.
#284. [Motion given
to an object situated in front.] Propulsion. —
N.
propulsion, projection; propelment[obs3]; vis a tergo[Lat:
force from behind]; push, shove &c. (impulse) 276;
ejaculate; ejection &c. 297; throw, fling, toss, shot,
discharge, shy; launch, release.
[Science of propulsion]
projectiles, ballistics, archery.
[devices to give propulsion]
propeller, screw, twin screws, turbine,
jet engine.
[objects propelled]
missile, projectile, ball, discus, quoit,
brickbat, shot;
[weapons which propel]
arrow, gun, ballista &c. (arms) 727[obs3].
[preparation for propulsion]
countdown, windup.
shooter; shot; archer,
toxophilite[obs3]; bowman, rifleman, marksman;
good shot, crack shot; sharpshooter &c. (combatant)
726.
V. propel, project,
throw, fling, cast, pitch, chuck, toss, jerk,
heave, shy, hurl; flirt, fillip.
dart, lance, tilt; ejaculate,
jaculate[obs3]; fulminate, bolt, drive,
sling, pitchfork.
send; send off, let
off, fire off; discharge, shoot; launch, release,
send forth, let fly; put in orbit, send into orbit,
launch into orbit dash.
put in motion, set in
motion; set agoing[obs3], start; give a start,
give an impulse to; impel &c. 276; trundle &c. (set
in rotation) 312; expel &c. 297.
carry one off one’s
legs; put to flight.
Adj. propelled &c. v.;
propelling &c. v..; propulsive, projectile.
#285. [Motion given
to an object situated behind.] Traction. —
N.
traction; drawing &c. v.; draught, pull, haul; rake;
“a long pull a strong pull and a pull all together”;
towage[obs3], haulage.
V. draw, pull, haul,
lug, rake, drag, tug, tow, trail, train; take in
tow.
wrench, jerk, twitch,
touse|; yank [U.S.].
Adj. drawing &c. v.;
tractile[obs3], tractive.
— p. 86 —
#286. [Motion towards.]
Approach. — N. approach, approximation,
appropinquation[obs3]; access; appulse[obs3]; afflux[obs3],
affluxion[obs3]; advent &c. (approach of time) 121;
pursuit &c. 622.
V. approach, approximate,
appropinquate[obs3]; near; get near, go
near, draw near; come to close quarters, come near;
move towards, set in towards; drift; make up to; gain
upon; pursue &c. 622; tread on the heels of; bear
up; make the land; hug the shore, hug the land.
Adj. approaching &c.
v.; approximative[obs3]; affluent; impending,
imminent &c. (destined) 152.
Adv. on the road.
Int. come hither! approach!
here! come! come near! forward!
#287. [Motion from.]
Recession. — N. recession, retirement,
withdrawal; retreat; retrocession &c. 283[obs3]; departure,
&c. 293; recoil &c. 277; flight &c. (avoidance) 623.
V. recede, go, move
back, move from, retire; withdraw, shrink, back
off; come away, move away, back away, go away, get
away, drift away; depart &c. 293; retreat &c. 283;
move off, stand off, sheer off; fall back, stand aside;
run away &c. (avoid) 623.
remove, shunt, distance.
Adj. receding &c. v.
Phr. distance oneself
from a person.
#288. [Motion towards,
actively; force causing to draw closer.]
Attraction. — N. attraction, attractiveness;
attractivity[obs3]; drawing to, pulling towards, adduction[obs3].
electrical attraction,
electricity, static electricity, static, static
cling; magnetism, magnetic attraction; gravity, attraction
of gravitation.
[objects which attract
by physical force] lodestone, loadstone,
lodestar, loadstar[obs3]; magnet, permanent magnet,
siderite, magnetite; electromagnet; magnetic coil,
voice coil; magnetic dipole; motor coil, rotor, stator.
electrical charge; positive
charge, negative charge.
magnetic pole; north
pole, south pole; magnetic monopole.
V. attract, draw; draw
towards, pull towards, drag towards; adduce.
Adj. attracting &c.
v.; attrahent[obs3], attractive, adducent[obs3],
adductive[obs3].
centrifugal.
Phr. ubi mel ibi apes
[Latin][Plautus].
#289. [Motion from,
actively; force driving apart.] Repulsion. —
N.
repulsion; driving from &c. v.; repulse, abduction.
magnetic repulsion,
magnetic levitation; antigravity.
V. repel, push from,
drive apart, drive from &c. 276; chase, dispel;
retrude[obs3]; abduce[obs3], abduct; send away; repulse.
keep at arm’s
length, turn one’s back upon, give the cold shoulder;
send off, send away with a flea in one’s ear.
Adj. repelling &c. v.;
repellent, repulsive; abducent[obs3],
abductive[obs3].
centripetal
Phr. like charges repel;
opposite charges attract; like poles repel,
opposite poles attract.
#290. [Motion nearer
to.] Convergence. — N. convergence, confluence,
concourse, conflux[obs3], congress, concurrence, concentration;
convergency; appulse[obs3], meeting; corradiation[obs3].
assemblage &c. 72; resort
&c. (focus) 74; asymptote.
V. converge, concur,
come together, unite, meet, fall in with; close
with, close in upon; center round, center in; enter
in; pour in.
gather together, unite,
concentrate, bring into a focus.
Adj. converging &c.
v.; convergent, confluent, concurrent;
centripetal; asymptotical, asymptotic; confluxible[obs3].
#291. [Motion further
off.] Divergence. — N. divergence,
divergency[obs3]; divarication, ramification, forking;
radiation; separation &c. (disjunction) 44; dispersion
&c. 73; deviation &c. 279; aberration.
V. diverge, divaricate,
radiate; ramify; branch off, glance off, file
off; fly off, fly off at a tangent; spread, scatter,
disperse &c. 73; deviate &c. 279; part &c. (separate)
44.
Adj. diverging &c. v.;
divergent, radiant, centrifugal; aberrant.
#292. [Terminal motion
at.] Arrival. — N. arrival, advent; landing;
debarkation, disembarkation; reception, welcome, vin
d’honneur[Fr].
home, goal, goalpost;
landing place, landing stage; bunder[obs3];
resting place; destination, harbor, haven, port, airport,
spaceport; terminus, halting place, halting ground,
landing strip, runway, terminal; journey’s end;
anchorage &c. (refuge) 666.
return, remigration[obs3];
meeting; rencounter[obs3], encounter.
completion &c. 729.
recursion[Math, Comp].
V. arrive; get to, come
to; come; reach, attain; come up with, come up
to; overtake, make, fetch; complete &c. 729; join,
rejoin.
light, alight, dismount;
land, go ashore; debark, disembark; put in,
put into; visit, cast anchor, pitch one’s tent;
sit down &c. (be located) 184; get to one’s
journey’s end; make the land; be in at the death;
come back, get back, come home, get home; return;
come in &c. (ingress) 294; make one’s appearance
&c. (appear) 446; drop in; detrain, deplane; outspan;
de-orbit.
come to hand; come at,
come across; hit; come upon, light upon, pop
upon, bounce upon, plump upon, burst upon, pitch upon;
meet; encounter, rencounter[obs3]; come in contact.
Adj. arriving &c. v.;
homeward bound.
Adv. here, hither.
Int. welcome! hail!
all Hail! good-day, good morrow!
Phr. any port in a storm.
— p. 87 —
#293. [Initial motion
from.] Departure. — N. departure,
decession[obs3], decampment; embarkation; outset,
start; removal; exit &c. (egress) 295; exodus, hejira,
flight.
leave taking, valediction,
adieu, farewell, goodbye, auf
wiedersehen[Ger], sayonara, dosvidanya[Russ], ciao,
aloha, hasta la vista[Sp]; stirrup cup; valedictorian.
starting point, starting
post; point of departure, point of
embarkation, place of departure, place of embarkation;
port of embarkation; airport, take-off point, taxiing
runway, runway, launching pad, spaceport.
V. depart; go away;
take one’s departure, set out; set off, march
off,
put off, start off, be off, move off, get off, whip
off, pack off, go off, take oneself off; start, issue,
march out, debouch; go forth, sally forth; sally,
set forward; be gone; hail from.
leave a place, quit,
vacate, evacuate, abandon; go off the stage, make
one’s exit; retire, withdraw, remove; vamoose*,
vamose* [obs3][U.S.]; go one’s way, go along,
go from home; take flight, take wing; spring, fly,
flit, wing one’s flight; fly away, whip away;
embark; go on board, go aboard; set sail’ put
to sea, go to sea; sail, take ship; hoist blue Peter;
get under way, weigh anchor; strike tents, decamp;
walk one’s chalks, cut one’s stick; take
leave; say good bye, bid goodbye &c. n.; disappear
&c. 449; abscond &c. (avoid) 623; entrain; inspan[obs3].
Adj. departing &c. v.;
valedictory; outward bound.
Adv. whence, hence,
thence; with a foot in the stirrup; on the wing,
on the move.
Int. begone! &c. (ejection)
297; farewell! adieu! goodbye! good day!
au revoir[Fr]! fare you well! God bless you!
God speed! all aboard! auf wiedersehen[Ger]! au plaisir
de vous revoir[Fr]! bon voyage! gluckliche Reise[Ger]!
vive valeque[Fr]!
#294. [Motion into.]
Ingress. — N. ingress; entrance, entry;
introgression; influx, intrusion, inroad, incursion,
invasion, irruption; ingression; penetration, interpenetration;
illapse[obs3], import, infiltration; immigration;
admission &c. (reception) 296; insinuation &c. (interjacence)
228[obs3]; insertion &c. 300.
inlet; way in; mouth,
door, &c. (opening) 260; barway[obs3]; path &c.
(way) 627; conduit &c. 350; immigrant.
V. have the entree;
enter; go into, go in, come into, come in, pour
into, pour in, flow into, flow in, creep into, creep
in, slip into, slip in, pop into, pop in, break into,
break in, burst into, burst in; set foot on; ingress;
burst in upon, break in upon; invade, intrude; insinuate
itself; interpenetrate, penetrate; infiltrate; find
one’s way into, wriggle into, worm oneself into.
give entrance to &c.
(receive) 296; insert &c. 300.
Adj. incoming.
#295. [Motion out of.]
Egress. — N. egress, exit, issue; emersion,
emergence; outbreak, outburst; eruption, proruption[obs3];
emanation; egression; evacuation; exudation, transudation;
extravasation[Med], perspiration, sweating, leakage,
percolation, distillation, oozing; gush &c. (water
in motion) 348; outpour, outpouring; effluence, effusion;
effluxion[obs3], drain; dribbling &c. v.; defluxion[obs3];
drainage; outcome, output; discharge &c. (excretion)
299.
export, expatriation;
emigration, remigration[obs3]; debouch,
debouche; emunctory[obs3]; exodus &c. (departure)
293; emigrant.
outlet, vent, spout,
tap, sluice, floodgate; pore; vomitory,
outgate[obs3], sally port; way out; mouth, door &c.
(opening) 260; path &c. (way) 627; conduit &c. 350;
airpipe &c. 351[obs3].
V. emerge, emanate,
issue; egress; go out of, come out of, move out
of, pass out of, pour out of, flow out of; pass out
of, evacuate.
exude, transude; leak,
run through, out through; percolate,
transcolate|; egurgitate[obs3]; strain, distill; perspire,
sweat, drain, ooze; filter, filtrate; dribble, gush,
spout, flow out; well, well out; pour, trickle, &c.
(water in motion) 348; effuse, extravasate[Med], disembogue[obs3],
discharge itself, debouch; come forth, break forth;
burst out, burst through; find vent; escape &c. 671.
Adj. effused &c. v.;
outgoing.
— p. 88 —
#296. [Motion into,
actively.] Reception. — N. reception; admission,
admittance, entree, importation; introduction, intromission;
immission[obs3], ingestion, imbibation[obs3], introception[obs3],
absorption, ingurgitation[obs3], inhalation; suction,
sucking; eating, drinking &c. (food) 298; insertion
&c. 300; interjection &c. 228; introit.
V. give entrance to,
give admittance to, give the entree; introduce,
intromit; usher, admit, receive, import, bring in,
open the door to, throw in, ingest, absorb, imbibe,
inhale, breathe in; let in, take in, suck in, draw
in; readmit, resorb, reabsorb; snuff up, swallow, ingurgitate[obs3];
engulf, engorge; gulp; eat, drink &c. (food) 298.
Adj. admitting &c. v.,
admitted &c. v.; admissable; absorbent.
#297. [Motion out of,
actively] Ejection. — N. ejection, emission,
effusion, rejection, expulsion, exportation, eviction,
extrusion, trajection[obs3]; discharge.
emesis, vomiting, vomition[obs3].
egestion[obs3], evacuation;
ructation[obs3], eructation; bloodletting,
venesection[Med], phlebotomy, paracentesis[obs3];
expuition, exspuition; tapping, drainage; clearance,
clearage[obs3].
deportation; banishment
&c. (punishment ) 972; rouge’s march;
relegation, extradition; dislodgment.
bouncer [U.S.], chucker-out*[obs3].
[material vomited] vomit,
vomitus[Med], puke, barf[coll].
V. give exit, give vent
to; let out, give out, pour out, squeeze out,
send out; dispatch, despatch; exhale, excern|, excrete;
embogue[obs3]; secrete, secern[obs3]; extravasate[Med],
shed, void, evacuation; emit; open the sluices, open
the floodgates; turn on the tap; extrude, detrude[obs3];
effuse, spend, expend; pour forth; squirt, spirt[obs3],
spurt, spill, slop; perspire &c. (exude) 295; breathe,
blow &c. (wind) 349.
tap, draw off; bale
out, lade out; let blood, broach.
eject, reject; expel,
discard; cut, send to coventry, boycott;
chasser[Fr]; banish &c. (punish) 972; bounce * [U.S.];
fire *, fire out *; throw &c. 284 throw out, throw
up, throw off, throw away, throw aside; push &c. 276
throw out, throw off, throw away, throw aside; shovel
out, shovel away, sweep out, sweep away; brush off,
brush away, whisk off, whisk away, turn off, turn
away, send off, send away; discharge; send adrift,
turn adrift, cast adrift; turn out, bundle out; throw
overboard; give the sack to; send packing, send about
one’s business, send to the right about; strike
off the roll &c. (abrogate) 756; turn out neck and
heels, turn out head and shoulders, turn out neck
and crop; pack off; send away with a flea in the ear;
send to Jericho; bow out, show the door to.
turn out of doors, turn
out of house and home; evict, oust; unhouse,
unkennel; dislodge; unpeople[obs3], dispeople[obs3];
depopulate; relegate, deport.
empty; drain to the
dregs; sweep off; clear off, clear out, clear
away; suck, draw off; clean out, make a clean sweep
of, clear decks, purge.
embowel[obs3], disbowel[obs3],
disembowel; eviscerate, gut; unearth,
root out, root up; averuncate|; weed out, get out;
eliminate, get rid of, do away with, shake off; exenterate[obs3].
vomit, throw up, regurgitate,
spew, puke, keck[obs3], retch, heave,
upchuck, chuck up, barf; belch out; cast up, bring
up, be sick, get sick, worship the porcelain god.
disgorge; expectorate,
clear the throat, hawk, spit, sputter,
splutter, slobber, drivel, slaver, slabber[obs3];
eructate; drool.
unpack, unlade, unload,
unship, offload; break bulk; dump.
be let out.
spew forth, erupt, ooze
&c. (emerge) 295.
Adj. emitting, emitted,
&c. v.
Int. begone! get you
gone! get away, go away, get along, go along, get
along with you, go along with you! go your way! away
with! off with you! get the hell out of here![vulg.],
go about your business! be off! avaunt[obs3]! aroynt[obs3]!
allez-vous-en[Fr]! jao[obs3]! va-t’en[Fr]!
— p. 89 —
#298. [Eating.] Food.
— N. eating &c. v.; deglutition, gulp,
epulation[obs3], mastication, manducation[obs3], rumination;
gluttony &c. 957.
[eating specific foods]
hippophagy[obs3], ichthyophagy[obs3].
[CAUSED BY: appetite
&c. 865].
mouth, jaws, mandible,
mazard[obs3], chops.
drinking &c. v.; potation,
draught, libation; carousal &c. (amusement)
840; drunkenness &c. 959.
food, pabulum; aliment,
nourishment, nutriment; sustenance,
sustentation, sustention; nurture, subsistence, provender,
corn, feed, fodder, provision, ration, keep, commons,
board; commissariat &c. (provision) 637; prey, forage,
pasture, pasturage; fare, cheer; diet, dietary; regimen;
belly timber, staff of life; bread, bread and cheese.
comestibles, eatables,
victuals, edibles, ingesta; grub, grubstake,
prog[obs3], meat; bread, bread stuffs; cerealia[obs3];
cereals; viands, cates[obs3], delicacy, dainty, creature
comforts, contents of the larder, fleshpots; festal
board; ambrosia; good cheer, good living.
beef, bisquit[obs3],
bun; cornstarch [U.S.]; cookie, cooky [U.S.];
cracker, doughnut; fatling[obs3]; hardtack, hoecake
[U.S.], hominy [U.S.]; mutton, pilot bread; pork;
roti[obs3], rusk, ship biscuit; veal; joint, piece
de resistance[Fr], roast and boiled; remove, entremet[obs3];
releve[Fr], hash, rechauffe[Fr], stew, ragout, fricassee,
mince; pottage, potage[obs3], broth, soup, consomme,
puree, spoonmeat[obs3]; pie, pasty, volauvent[obs3];
pudding, omelet; pastry; sweets &c. 296; kickshaws[obs3];
condiment &c. 393.
appetizer, hors d’oeuvre[Fr].
main course, entree.
alligator pear, apple
&c., apple slump; artichoke; ashcake[obs3],
griddlecake, pancake, flapjack; atole[obs3], avocado,
banana, beche de mer[Fr], barbecue, beefsteak; beet
root; blackberry, blancmange, bloater, bouilli[obs3],
bouillon, breadfruit, chop suey [U.S.]; chowder, chupatty[obs3],
clam, compote, damper, fish, frumenty[obs3], grapes,
hasty pudding, ice cream, lettuce, mango, mangosteen,
mince pie, oatmeal, oyster, pineapple, porridge, porterhouse
steak, salmis[obs3], sauerkraut, sea slug, sturgeon
("Albany beef"), succotash [U.S.], supawn [obs3][U.S.],
trepang[obs3], vanilla, waffle, walnut.
table, cuisine, bill
of fare, menu, table d’hote[Fr], ordinary,
entree.
meal, repast, feed,
spread; mess; dish, plate, course; regale;
regalement[obs3], refreshment, entertainment; refection,
collation, picnic, feast, banquet, junket; breakfast;
lunch, luncheon; dejeuner[Fr], bever[obs3], tiffin[obs3],
dinner, supper, snack, junk food, fast food, whet,
bait, dessert; potluck, table d’hote[Fr], dejeuner
a la fourchette[Fr]; hearty meal, square meal, substantial
meal, full meal; blowout*; light refreshment; bara[obs3],
chotahazri[obs3]; bara khana[obs3].
mouthful, bolus, gobbet[obs3],
morsel, sop, sippet[obs3].
drink, beverage, liquor,
— p. 90 —
#299. Excretion
— N. excretion, discharge, emanation; exhalation,
exudation, extrusion, secretion, effusion, extravasation[Med],
ecchymosis[Med]; evacuation, dejection, faeces, excrement,
shit, stools, crap[vulg.]; bloody flux; cacation[obs3];
coeliac-flux, coeliac-passion; dysentery; perspiration,
sweat; subation[obs3], exudation; diaphoresis; sewage;
eccrinology[Med].
saliva, spittle, rheum;
ptyalism[obs3], salivation, catarrh;
diarrhoea; ejecta, egesta[Biol], sputa; excreta; lava;
exuviae &c. (uncleanness) 653[Lat].
hemorrhage, bleeding;
outpouring &c. (egress) 295.
V. excrete &c. (eject)
297; emanate &c. (come out) 295.
#300. [Forcible ingress.]
Insertion. — N. insertion, implantation,
introduction; insinuation &c. (intervention) 228;
planting, &c. v.; injection, inoculation, importation,
infusion; forcible ingress &c. 294; immersion; submersion,
submergence, dip, plunge; bath &c. (water), 337;
interment &c. 363.
clyster[Med], enema,
glyster[obs3], lavage, lavement[obs3].
V. insert; introduce,
intromit; put into, run into; import; inject;
interject &c. 298; infuse, instill, inoculate, impregnate,
imbue, imbrue.
graft, ingraft[obs3],
bud, plant, implant; dovetail.
obtrude; thrust in,
stick in, ram in, stuff in, tuck in, press, in,
drive in, pop in, whip in, drop in, put in; impact;
empierce| &c. (make a hole) 260[obs3].
imbed; immerse, immerge,
merge; bathe, soak &c. (water) 337; dip,
plunge &c. 310.
bury &c. (inter) 363.
insert &c itself; plunge
in medias res.
Adj. inserted &c. v.
#301. [Forcible egress.]
Extraction. — N. extraction; extracting
&c.
v.; removal, elimination, extrication, eradication,
evolution.
evulsion[obs3], avulsion[obs3];
wrench; expression, squeezing;
extirpation, extermination; ejection &c. 297; export
&c. (egress) 295.
extractor, corkscrew,
forceps, pliers.
V. extract, draw; take
out, draw out, pull out, tear out, pluck out,
pick out, get out; wring from, wrench; extort; root
up, weed up, grub up, rake up, root out, weed out,
grub out, rake out; eradicate; pull up by the roots,
pluck up by the roots; averruncate|; unroot[obs3];
uproot, pull up, extirpate, dredge.
remove; educe, elicit;
evolve, extricate; eliminate &c. (eject) 297;
eviscerate &c. 297.
express, squeeze out,
press out.
Adj. extracted &c. v.
#302. [Motion through.]
Passage. — N. passage, transmission;
permeation; penetration, interpenetration; transudation,
infiltration; endosmose exosmose[obs3]; endosmosis[Chem];
intercurrence[obs3]; ingress &c. 294; egress &c. 295;
path &c. 627; conduit &c. 350; opening &c. 260; journey
&c. 266; voyage &c. 267.
V. pass, pass through;
perforate &c. (hole) 260; penetrate, permeate,
thread, thrid[obs3], enfilade; go through, go across;
go over, pass over; cut across; ford, cross; pass
and repass, work; make one’s way, thread one’s
way, worm one’s way, force one’s way;
make a passage form a passage; cut one’s way
through; find its way, find its vent; transmit, make
way, clear the course; traverse, go over the ground.
Adj. passing &c. v.;
intercurrent[obs3]; endosmosmic[obs3],
endosmotic[Chem].
Adv. en passant &c.
(transit) 270[Fr].
— p. 91 —
#303. [Motion beyond]
Transcursion — N. transcursion|,
transiliency[obs3], transgression; trespass; encroachment,
infringement; extravagation|, transcendence; redundancy
&c. 641.
V. transgress, surpass,
pass; go beyond, go by; show in front, come to
the front; shoot ahead of; steal a march upon, steal
a gain upon.
overstep, overpass,
overreach, overgo[obs3], override, overleap,
overjump[obs3], overskip[obs3], overlap, overshoot
the mark; outstrip, outleap, outjump, outgo, outstep[obs3],
outrun, outride, outrival, outdo; beat, beat hollow;
distance; leave in the lurch, leave in the rear; throw
into the shade; exceed, transcend, surmount; soar &c.
(rise) 305.
encroach, trespass,
infringe, trench upon, entrench on, intrench
on[obs3]; strain; stretch a point, strain a point;
cross the Rubicon.
Adj. surpassing &c.
v.
Adv. beyond the mark,
ahead.
#304. [motion short
of] Shortcoming — N. shortcoming, failure;
falling short &c v.; default, defalcation; leeway;
labor in vain, no go.
incompleteness &c. 53;
imperfection &c. 651; insufficiency &c. 640;
noncompletion &c. 730; failure &c. 732.
V. 303, come short of,
fall short of, stop short of, come short, fall
short, stop short; not reach; want; keep within bounds,
keep within the mark, keep within the compass.
break down, stick in
the mud, collapse, flat out [U.S.], come to
nothing; fall through, fall to the ground; cave in,
end in smoke, miss the mark, fail; lose ground; miss
stays.
Adj. unreached; deficient;
short, short of; minus; out of depth;
perfunctory &c. (neglect) 460.
Adv. within the mark,
within the compass, within the bounds;
behindhand; re infecta[Lat]; to no purpose; for from
it.
Phr. the bubble burst.
#305. [Motion upwards]
Ascent. — N. ascent, ascension; rising &c.
309; acclivity, hill &c. 217; flight of steps, flight
of stairs; ladder
rocket, lark; sky rocket,
sky lark; Alpine Club.
V. ascend, rise, mount,
arise, uprise; go up, get up, work one’s way
up, start up; shoot up, go into orbit; float up; bubble
up; aspire.
climb, clamber, ramp,
scramble, escalade[obs3], surmount; shin,
shinny, shinney; scale, scale the heights.
[cause to go up] raise,
elevate &c. 307.
go aloft, fly aloft;
tower, soar, take off; spring up, pop up, jump
up, catapult upwards, explode upwards; hover, spire,
plane, swim, float, surge; leap &c. 309.
Adj. rising &c. v. scandent|,
buoyant; supernatant, superfluitant|;
excelsior.
Adv. uphill.
#306. [Motion downwards]
Descent. — N. descent, descension[obs3],
declension, declination; fall; falling &c. v.:
slump; drop, plunge, plummet, cadence; subsidence,
collapse, lapse; downfall, tumble, slip, tilt, trip,
lurch; cropper, culbute[obs3]; titubation[obs3], stumble;
fate of Icarus.
avalanche, debacle,
landslip, landslide.
declivity, dip, hill.
[equipment for descending
by rappeling] rappel.
V. descend; go down,
drop down, come down; fall, gravitate, drop,
slip, slide, rappel, settle; plunge, plummet, crash;
decline, set, sink, droop, come down a peg; slump.
dismount, alight, light,
get down; swoop; stoop &c. 308; fall
prostrate, precipitate oneself; let fall &c. 308.
tumble, trip, stumble,
titubate[obs3], lurch, pitch, swag, topple,
topple over, tumble over, topple down, tumble down;
tilt, sprawl, plump down, come down a cropper.
Adj. descending &c.
v.; descendent; decurrent[obs3], decursive[obs3];
labent[obs3], deciduous; nodding to its fall.
Adv. downhill, downwards.
Phr. the bottom fell
out.
#307. Elevation.
— N. elevation; raising &c. v.; erection,
lift;
sublevation[obs3], upheaval; sublimation, exaltation;
prominence &c. (convexity) 250.
lever &c. 633; crane,
derrick, windlass, capstan, winch; dredge,
dredger, dredging machine.
dumbwaiter, elevator,
escalator, lift.
V. heighten, elevate,
raise, lift, erect; set up, stick up, perch up,
perk up, tilt up; rear, hoist, heave; uplift, upraise,
uprear, upbear[obs3], upcast[obs3], uphoist[obs3],
upheave; buoy, weigh mount, give a lift; exalt; sublimate;
place on a pedestal, set on a pedestal.
[ref] escalate (increase)
35, 102, 194.
take up, drag up, fish
up; dredge.
stand up, rise up, get
up, jump up; spring to one’s feet; hold
oneself, hold one’s head up; drawn oneself up
to his full height.
Adj. elevated &c. v.;
stilted, attollent[obs3], rampant.
Adv. on stilts, on the
shoulders of, on one’s legs, on one’s hind
legs.
— p. 92 —
#308. Depression.
— N. lowering &c. v.; depression; dip &c.
(concavity) 252; abasement; detrusion[obs3]; reduction.
overthrow, overset[obs3],
overturn; upset; prostration, subversion,
precipitation.
bow; courtesy, curtsy;
genuflexion[obs3], genuflection, kowtow,
obeisance, salaam.
V. depress, lower, let
down, take down, let down a peg, take down a
peg; cast; let drop, let fall; sink, debase, bring
low, abase, reduce, detrude[obs3], pitch, precipitate.
overthrow, overturn,
overset[obs3]; upset, subvert, prostate, level,
fell; cast down, take down, throw down, fling down,
dash down, pull down, cut down, knock down, hew down;
raze, raze to the ground, rase to the ground[obs3];
trample in the dust, pull about one’s ears.
sit, sit down; couch,
#309. Leap. —
N. leap, jump, hop, spring, bound, vault,
saltation[obs3].
ance, caper; curvet,
caracole; gambade|, gambado|; capriole,
demivolt[obs3]; buck, buck jump; hop skip and jump;
falcade[obs3].
kangaroo, jerboa; chamois,
goat, frog, grasshopper, flea;
buckjumper[obs3]; wallaby.
V. leap; jump up, jump
over the moon; hop, spring, bound, vault, ramp,
cut capers, trip, skip, dance, caper; buck, buck jump;
curvet, caracole; foot it, bob, bounce, flounce, start;
frisk &c. (amusement) 840; jump about &c. (agitation)
315; trip it on the light fantastic toe, trip the light
fantastic, dance oneself off one’s legs, dance
off one’s shoes.
Adj. leaping &c. v.;
saltatory[obs3], frisky.
Adv. on the light fantastic
toe.
Phr. di salto in salto[It].
#310. Plunge —
N. plunge, dip, dive, header; ducking &c. v.; diver.
V. plunge, dip, souse,
duck; dive, plump; take a plunge, take a
header; make a plunge; bathe &c.(water) 337.
submerge, submerse;
immerse; douse, sink, engulf, send to the bottom.
get out of one’s
depth; go to the bottom, go down like a stone, drop
like a lead balloon; founder, welter, wallow.
#311. [Curvilinear motion.]
Circuition. — N. circuition[obs3],
circulation; turn, curvet; excursion, circumvention,
circumnavigation, circumambulation; northwest passage;
circuit &c. 629.
turning &c. v.; wrench;
evolution; coil, corkscrew.
V. turn, bend, wheel;
go about, put about; heel; go round to the right
about, turn round to the right about; turn on one’s
heel; make a circle, make a complete circle, describe
a circle, describe a complete circle; go through 180x,
go through 360x, pass through 180x, pass through 360x.
circumnavigate, circumambulate,
circumvent; “put a girdle round about
the earth” [M.N.D.]; go the round, make the
round of.
wind, circulate, meander;
whisk, twirl; twist &c. (convolution) 248;
make a detour &c. (circuit) 629.
Adj. turning &c. v.;
circuitous; circumforaneous[obs3],
circumfluent[obs3].
Adv. round about.
#312. [Motion in a continued
circle.] Rotation. — N. rotation,
revolution, spinning, gyration, turning about an axis,
turning around an axis, circulation, roll; circumrotation[obs3],
circumvolution, circumgyration[obs3]; volutation[obs3],
circination|, turbination[obs3], pirouette, convolution.
verticity|, whir, whirl,
eddy, vortex, whirlpool, gurge[obs3];
countercurrent; Maelstrom, Charybdis; Ixion.
[rotating air] cyclone;
— most of this should go under change
(make a 146a)... develop not in change section!!
revolution, evolution. revolution = change = #146—
#313. [Motion in the
reverse circle.] Evolution. — N. evolution,
unfolding, development; evolvement; unfoldment; eversion
&c. (inversion) 218.
V. evolve; unfold, unroll,
unwind, uncoil, untwist, unfurl, untwine,
unravel; untangle, disentangle; develop.
Adj. evolving &c. v.;
evolved &c. v.
— p. 93 —
#314. [Reciprocating
motion, motion to and fro.] Oscillation. —
N.
oscillation; vibration, libration; motion of a pendulum;
nutation; undulation; pulsation; pulse.
alternation; coming
and going &c. v.; ebb and flow, flux and reflux,
ups and down.
fluctuation; vacillation
&c. (irresolution) 605.
wave, vibratiuncle[obs3],
swing, beat, shake, wag, seesaw, dance,
lurch, dodge; logan[obs3], loggan[obs3], rocking-stone,
vibroscope[obs3].
V. oscillate; vibrate,
librate[obs3]; alternate, undulate, wave; rock,
swing; pulsate, beat; wag, waggle; nod, bob, courtesy,
curtsy; tick; play; wamble[obs3], wabble[obs3]; dangle,
swag.
fluctuate, dance, curvet,
reel, quake; quiver, quaver; shake, flicker;
wriggle; roll, toss, pitch; flounder, stagger, totter;
move up and down, bob up and down &c. Adv.; pass
#315. [Irregular motion]
Agitation. — N. agitation, stir, tremor,
shake, ripple, jog, jolt, jar, jerk, shock, succussion[obs3],
trepidation, quiver, quaver, dance; jactitation|,
quassation|; shuffling 7c. v.; twitter, flicker, flutter.
turbulence, perturbation;
commotion, turmoil, disquiet; tumult,
tumultuation|; hubbub, rout, bustle, fuss, racket,
subsultus[obs3], staggers, megrims, epilepsy, fits;
carphology[obs3], chorea, floccillation[obs3], the
jerks, St. Vitus’s dance, tilmus[obs3].
spasm, throe, throb,
palpitation, convulsion.
disturbance, chaos &c.
(disorder) 59; restlessness &c.
(changeableness) 149.
ferment, fermentation;
ebullition, effervescence, hurly-burly,
cahotage[obs3]; tempest, storm, ground swell, heavy
sea, whirlpool, vortex &c. 312; whirlwind &c. (wind)
349.
V. be agitated &c.;
shake; tremble, tremble like an aspen leaf;
quiver, quaver, quake, shiver, twitter, twire[obs3],
writhe, toss, shuffle, tumble, stagger, bob, reel,
sway, wag, waggle; wriggle, wriggle like an eel; dance,
stumble, shamble, flounder, totter, flounce, flop,
curvet, prance, cavort [U.S.]; squirm.
throb, pulsate, beat,
palpitate, go pitapat; flutter, flitter,
flicker, bicker; bustle.
ferment, effervesce,
foam; boil, boil over; bubble up; simmer.
toss about, jump about;
jump like a parched pea; shake like an aspen
leaf; shake to its center, shake to its foundations;
be the sport of the winds and waves; reel to and fro
like a drunken man; move from post to pillar and from
pillar to post, drive from post to pillar and from
pillar to post, keep between hawk and buzzard.
agitate, shake,
convulse, toss, tumble, bandy, wield, brandish, flap,
flourish, whisk, jerk, hitch, jolt; jog, joggle, jostle,
buffet, hustle, disturb, stir, shake up, churn, jounce,
wallop, whip, vellicate[obs3].
Adj. shaking &c. v.;
agitated, tremulous; desultory, subsultory|;
saltatoric[obs3]; quasative[obs3]; shambling; giddy-paced,
saltatory[obs3], convulsive, unquiet, restless, all
of a twitter.
Adv. by fits and starts;
subsultorily| &c. adj[obs3].; per
saltum[Lat]; hop skip and jump; in convulsions, in
fits.
Phr. tempete dans un
verre d’eau[Fr].
— p. 94 —
%
CLASS III
WORDS RELATION TO MATTER
Section I. MATTER IN GENERAL
%
#316. MATERIALITY.
— N. materiality, materialness; corporeity[obs3],
corporality[obs3]; substantiality, substantialness,
flesh and blood, plenum; physical condition.
matter, body, substance,
brute matter, stuff, element, principle,
parenchyma[Biol], material, substratum, hyle[obs3],
corpus, pabulum; frame.
object, article, thing,
something; still life; stocks and stones;
materials &c. 635.
[Science of matter]
physics; somatology[obs3], somatics; natural
philosophy, experimental philosophy; physicism[obs3];
physical science, philosophie positive[Fr], materialism;
materialist; physicist; somatism[obs3], somatist[obs3].
Adj. material, bodily;
corporeal, corporal; physical; somatic,
somatoscopic[obs3]; sensible, tangible, ponderable,
palpable, substantial.
objective, impersonal,
nonsubjective[obs3], neuter, unspiritual,
materialistic.
#317. Immateriality.
— N. immateriality, immaterialness;
incorporeity[obs3], spirituality; inextension[obs3];
astral plane.
personality; I, myself,
me; ego, spirit &c. (soul) 450; astral body;
immaterialism[obs3]; spiritualism, spiritualist.
V. disembody, spiritualize.
Adj. immaterial, immateriate[obs3];
incorporeal, incorporal[obs3];
incorporate, unfleshly[obs3]; supersensible[obs3];
asomatous[obs3], unextended[obs3]; unembodied[obs3],
disembodied; extramundane, unearthly; pneumatoscopic[obs3];
spiritual &c. (psychical) 450[obs3].
personal, subjective,
nonobjective.
#318. World. —
N. world, creation, nature, universe; earth, globe,
wide world; cosmos; kosmos[obs3]; terraqueous globe[obs3],
sphere; macrocosm, megacosm[obs3]; music of the spheres.
heavens, sky, welkin|,
empyrean; starry cope, starry heaven, starry
host; firmament; Midgard; supersensible regions[obs3];
varuna; vault of heaven, canopy of heaven; celestial
spaces.
heavenly bodies, stars,
asteroids; nebulae; galaxy, milky way,
galactic circle, via lactea[Lat], ame no kawa [Jap.].
sun, orb of day, Apollo[obs3],
Phoebus; photosphere, chromosphere;
solar system; planet, planetoid; comet; satellite,
moon, orb of night, Diana, silver-footed queen; aerolite[obs3],
meteor; planetary ring; falling star, shooting star;
meteorite, uranolite[obs3].
constellation, zodiac,
signs of the zodiac, Charles’s wain, Big
Dipper, Little Dipper, Great Bear, Southern Cross,
Orion’s belt, Cassiopea’s chair, Pleiades.
colures[obs3], equator,
ecliptic, orbit.
[Science of heavenly
bodies] astronomy; uranography, uranology[obs3];
cosmology, cosmography[obs3], cosmogony; eidouranion[obs3],
orrery; geodesy &c. (measurement) 466; star gazing,
star gazer[obs3]; astronomer; observatory; planetarium.
Adj. cosmic, cosmical[obs3];
mundane, terrestrial, terrestrious|,
terraqueous[obs3], terrene, terreous|, telluric, earthly,
geotic[obs3], under the sun; sublunary[obs3], subastral[obs3].
— p. 95 —
#319. Gravity.
— N. gravity, gravitation; weight; heaviness
&c. adj.;
specific gravity; pondorosity[obs3], pressure, load;
burden, burthen[obs3]; ballast, counterpoise; lump
of, mass of, weight of.
lead, millstone, mountain,
Ossa on Pelion.
weighing, ponderation[obs3],
trutination|; weights; avoirdupois
weight, troy weight, apothecaries’ weight; grain,
scruple, drachma[obs3], ounce, pound, lb, arroba[obs3],
load, stone, hundredweight, cwt, ton, long ton, metric
ton, quintal, carat, pennyweight, tod[obs3].
[metric weights] gram,
centigram, milligram, microgram, kilogram;
nanogram, picogram, femtogram, attogram.
[Weighing Instrument]
balance, scale, scales, steelyard, beam,
weighbridge[obs3]; spring balance, piezoelectric balance,
analytical balance, two-pan balance, one-pan balance;
postal scale, baby scale.
[Science of gravity]
statics.
V. be heavy &c. adj.;
gravitate, weigh, press, cumber, load.
[Measure the weight
of] weigh, poise.
Adj. weighty; weighing
&c. v.; heavy as lead; ponderous, ponderable;
lumpish[obs3], lumpy, cumbersome, burdensome; cumbrous,
unwieldy, massive.
incumbent, superincumbent[obs3].
#320. Levity. —
N. levity; lightness &c. adj.; imponderability,
buoyancy, volatility.
feather, dust, mote,
down, thistle, down, flue, cobweb, gossamer,
straw, cork, bubble, balloon; float, buoy; ether,
air.
leaven, ferment, barm[obs3],
yeast.
lighter-than-air balloon,
helium balloon, hydrogen balloon, hot air
balloon.
convection, thermal
draft, thermal.
V. be light &c. adj.;
float, rise, swim, be buoyed up.
render light &c. adj.;
lighten, leaven.
Adj. light, subtile,
airy; imponderous[obs3], imponderable;
astatic[obs3], weightless, ethereal, sublimated; gossamery;
suberose[obs3], suberous[obs3]; uncompressed, volatile;
buoyant, floating &c. v.; portable.
light as a feather,
light as a thistle, light as air; lighter than
air; rise like a balloon, float like a balloon.
% Section II. INORGANIC MATTER 1. Solid Matter %
#321. Density..
— N. density, solidity; solidness &c. adj.;
impenetrability, impermeability; incompressibility;
imporosity[obs3]; cohesion &c. 46; constipation, consistence,
spissitude|.
specific gravity; hydrometer,
areometer[obs3].
condensation; caseation[obs3];
solidation[obs3], solidification;
consolidation; concretion, coagulation; petrification
&c. (hardening) 323; crystallization, precipitation;
deposit, precipitate; inspissation[obs3]; gelation,
thickening &c. v.
indivisibility, indiscerptibility[obs3],
insolubility,
indissolvableness.
solid body, mass, block,
knot, lump; concretion, concrete,
conglomerate; cake, clot, stone, curd, coagulum; bone,
gristle, cartilage; casein, crassamentum|; legumin[obs3].
superdense matter, condensed
states of matter; dwarf star, neutron
star.
V. be dense &c. adj.;
become solid, render solid &c. adj.; solidify,
solidate[obs3]; concrete, set, take a set, consolidate,
congeal, coagulate; curd, curdle; lopper; fix, clot,
cake, candy, precipitate, deposit, cohere, crystallize;
petrify &c. (harden) 323.
condense, thicken, gel,
inspissate[obs3], incrassate[obs3]; compress,
squeeze, ram down, constipate.
Adj. dense, solid; solidified
&c. v.; caseous; pukka[obs3]; coherent,
cohesive &c. 46; compact, close, serried, thickset;
substantial, massive, lumpish[obs3]; impenetrable,
impermeable, nonporous, imporous[obs3]; incompressible;
constipated; concrete &c. (hard) 323; knotted, knotty;
gnarled; crystalline, crystallizable; thick, grumous|,
stuffy.
undissolved, unmelted[obs3],
unliquefied[obs3], unthawed[obs3].
indivisible, indiscerptible[obs3],
infrangible[obs3],
indissolvable[obs3], indissoluble, insoluble, infusible.
#322. Rarity. —
N. rarity, tenuity; absence of solidity &c. 321;
subtility[obs3]; subtilty[obs3], subtlety; sponginess,
compressibility.
rarefaction, expansion,
dilatation, inflation, subtilization[obs3].
vaporization, evaporation,
diffusion, gassification[obs3].
ether &c. (gas) 334.
V. rarefy, expand, dilate,
subtilize[obs3].
Adj. rare, subtile,
thin, fine, tenuous, compressible, flimsy, slight;
light &c. 320; cavernous, spongy &c. (hollow) 252.
rarefied &c. v.; unsubstantial;
uncompact[obs3], incompressed[obs3];
rarefiable[obs3].
— p. 96 —
#323. Hardness.
— N. hardness &c. adj.; rigidity; renitence[obs3],
renitency; inflexibility, temper, callosity, durity
[obs3].
induration, petrifaction;
lapidification[obs3], lapidescence[obs3];
vitrification, ossification; crystallization.
stone, pebble, flint,
marble, rock, fossil, crag, crystal, quartz,
granite, adamant; bone, cartilage; hardware; heart
of oak, block, board, deal board; iron, steel; cast
iron, decarbonized iron, wrought iron; nail; brick,
concrete; cement.
#324. Softness.
— N. softness, pliableness &c. adj.; flexibility;
pliancy, pliability; sequacity[obs3], malleability;
ductility, tractility[obs3]; extendibility, extensibility;
plasticity; inelasticity, flaccidity, laxity.
penetrability.
clay, wax, butter, dough,
pudding; alumina, argil; cushion, pillow,
feather bed, down, padding, wadding; foam.
mollification; softening
&c.v.
V. render -soft &c.
adj.; soften, mollify, mellow, relax, temper;
mash, knead, squash.
bend, yield, relent,
relax, give.
plasticize’.
Adj. soft, tender, supple;
pliant, pliable; flexible, flexile; lithe,
lithesome; lissom, limber, plastic; ductile; tractile[obs3],
tractable; malleable, extensile, sequacious[obs3],
inelastic; aluminous[obs3]; remollient[obs3].
yielding &c. v.; flabby,
limp, flimsy.
doughy, spongy, penetrable,
foamy, cushiony[obs3].
flaccid, flocculent,
downy; edematous, oedematous[obs3],
medullary[Anat], argillaceous, mellow.
soft as butter, soft
as down, soft as silk; yielding as wax, tender as
chicken.
#325. Elasticity.
— N. elasticity, springiness, spring, resilience,
renitency, buoyancy.
rubber, India(n) rubber,
latex, caoutchouc, whalebone, gum elastic,
baleen, natural rubber; neoprene, synthetic rubber,
Buna-S, plastic.
flexibility, Young’s
modulus.
V. stretch, flex, extend,
distend, be elastic &c. adj.; bounce, spring
back &c. (recoil) 277.
Adj. elastic, flexible,
tensile, spring, resilient, renitent, buoyant;
ductile, stretchable, extendable.
Phr. the stress is
proportional to the strain.
#326. Inelasticity.
— N. want of elasticity, absence of elasticity
&c. 325; inelasticity &c. (softness) 324,
Adj. unyielding, inelastic,
inflexible &c. (soft) 324;
irresilient[obs3].
#327. Tenacity.
— N. {ant. 328} tenacity, toughness, strength;
(cohesion) 46; grip, grasp, stickiness, (cohesion)
46; sequacity[obs3]; stubbornness &c. (obstinacy);
glue, cement, glutinousness[obs3], sequaciousness[obs3],
viscidity, (semiliquidity) 352.
leather; white leather,
whitleather[obs3]; gristle, cartilage.
unbreakability, tensile
strength.
V. be tenacious &c.
adj.; resist fracture.
grip, grasp, stick (cohesion)
46.
Adj. tenacious, tough,
strong, resisting, sequacious[obs3], stringy,
gristly cartilaginous, leathery, coriaceous[obs3],
tough as whitleather[obs3]; stubborn &c. (obstinate)
606.
unbreakable, indivisible;
atomic.
#328. Brittleness.
— N. {ant. 327} brittleness &c. adj.; fragility,
friability, frangibility, fissibility[obs3]; house
of cards, house of glass.
V. be brittle &c. adj.;
live in a glass house.
break, crack, snap,
split, shiver, splinter, crumble, break short,
burst, fly, give way; fall to pieces; crumble to,
crumble into dust.
Adj. brittle, brash
[U.S.], breakable, weak, frangible, fragile,
frail, gimcrack|, shivery, fissile; splitting &c.
v.; lacerable[obs3], splintery, crisp, crimp, short,
brittle as glass.
#329. [Structure.] Texture.
— N. structure (form) 240, organization,
anatomy, frame, mold, fabric, construction; framework,
carcass, architecture; stratification, cleavage.
substance, stuff, compages[obs3],
parenchyma[Biol]; constitution,
staple, organism.
[Science of structures]
organography[obs3], osteology, myology,
splanchnology[obs3], neurology, angiography[obs3],
adeology[obs3]; angiography[obs3], adenography[obs3].
texture, surface texture;
intertexture[obs3], contexture[obs3];
tissue, grain, web, surface; warp and woof, warp and
weft; tooth, nap &c. (roughness) 256; flatness (smoothness)
255; fineness of grain; coarseness of grain, dry goods.
silk, satin; muslin,
burlap.
[Science of textures]
histology.
Adj. structural, organic;
anatomic, anatomical.
textural, textile; fine
grained, coarse grained; fine, delicate,
subtile, gossamery, filmy, silky, satiny; coarse;
homespun.
rough, gritty; smooth.
smooth as silk, smooth
as satin.
— p. 97 —
#330. Pulverulence.
— N. powderiness[obs3][State of powder.],
pulverulence[obs3]; sandiness &c. adj.; efflorescence;
friability.
powder, dust, sand,
shingle; sawdust; grit; meal, bran, flour, farina,
rice, paddy, spore, sporule[obs3]; crumb, seed, grain;
particle &c. (smallness) 32; limature|, filings, debris,
detritus, tailings, talus slope, scobs[obs3], magistery[obs3],
fine powder; flocculi[Lat].
smoke; cloud of dust,
cloud of sand, cloud of smoke; puff of smoke,
volume of smoke; sand storm, dust storm.
[Reduction to powder]
pulverization, comminution[obs3], attenuation,
granulation, disintegration, subaction[obs3], contusion,
trituration[Chem], levigation[obs3], abrasion, detrition,
multure[obs3]; limitation; tripsis[obs3]; filing &c.v..
[Instruments for pulverization]
mill, arrastra[obs3], gristmill,
grater, rasp, file, mortar and pestle, nutmeg grater,
teeth, grinder, grindstone, kern[obs3], quern[obs3],
koniology[obs3].
V. come to dust; be
disintegrated, be reduced to powder &c.
reduce to powder, grind
to powder; pulverize, comminute, granulate,
triturate, levigate[obs3]; scrape, file, abrade, rub
down, grind, grate, rasp, pound, bray, bruise; contuse,
contund[obs3]; beat, crush, cranch[obs3], craunch[obs3],
#331. Friction.
— N. friction, attrition; rubbing, abrasion,
scraping
&c. v.; confrication|, detrition, contrition|, affriction[obs3],
abrasion, arrosion|, limature|, frication[obs3], rub;
elbow grease; rosin; massage; roughness &c. 256.
rolling friction, sliding
friction, starting friction.
V. rub, scratch, scrape,
scrub, slide, fray, rasp, graze, curry,
scour, polish, rub out, wear down, gnaw; file, grind
&c. (reduce to powder) 330.
set one’s teeth
on edge; rosin.
Adj. anatriptic[obs3];
attrite[obs3].
#332. [Absence of friction.
Prevention of friction.] Lubrication. —
N. smoothness &c. 255; unctuousness &c. 355.
lubrication, lubrification[obs3];
anointment; oiling &c. v.
synovia[Anat]; glycerine,
oil, lubricating oil, grease &c. 356;
saliva; lather.
teflon.
V. lubricate, lubricitate|;
oil, grease, lather, soap; wax.
Adj. lubricated &c.
v.; lubricous.
% 2. FLUID MATTER Fluids in General %
#333. Fluidity.
— N. fluidity, liquidity; liquidness &c.
adj[obs3].;
gaseity &c. 334[obs3].
fluid, inelastic fluid;
liquid, liquor; lymph, humor, juice, sap,
serum, blood, serosity[obs3], gravy, rheum, ichor[obs3],
sanies[obs3]; chyle[Med].
solubility, solubleness[obs3].
[Science of liquids
at rest] hydrology, hydrostatics, hydrodynamics.
V. be fluid &c. adj.;
flow &c. (water in motion) 348; liquefy, melt,
condense &c. 335.
Adj. liquid, fluid,
serous, juicy, succulent, sappy; ichorous[obs3];
fluent &c. (flowing) 348.
liquefied &c. 335; uncongealed;
soluble.
#334. Gaseity.
— N. gaseity[obs3]; vaporousness &c. adj.;
flatulence,
flatulency; volatility; aeration, aerification.
elastic fluid, gas,
air, vapor, ether, steam, essence, fume, reek,
effluvium, flatus; cloud &c. 353; ammonia, ammoniacal
gas[obs3]; volatile alkali; vacuum, partial vacuum.
[Science of elastic
fluids] pneumatics, pneumatostatics[obs3];
aerostatics[obs3], aerodynamics.
gasmeter[obs3], gasometer[obs3];
air bladder, swimming bladder, sound
(of a fish).
V. vaporize, evaporate,
evanesce, gasify, emit vapor &c. 336; diffuse.
Adj. gaseous, aeriform[obs3],
ethereal, aerial, airy, vaporous,
volatile, evaporable[obs3], flatulent.
— p. 98 —
#335. Liquefaction.
— N. liquefaction; liquescence[obs3],
liquescency[obs3]; melting &c. (heat) 384; colliquation|,
colliquefaction|; thaw; liquation|, deliquation|,
deliquescence; lixiviation[obs3], dissolution.
solution, apozem[obs3],
lixivium[obs3], infusion, flux.
solvent, menstruum,
alkahest[obs3].
V. render liquid &c.
333; liquefy, run; deliquesce; melt &c. (heat)
384; solve; dissolve, resolve; liquate|; hold in solution;
condense, precipitate, rain.
Adj. liquefied &c. v.,
liquescent, liquefiable; deliquescent, soluble,
colliquative[obs3].
#336. Vaporization.
— N. vaporization, volatilization; gasification,
evaporation, vaporation[obs3]; distillation, cupellation[Chem],
cohobation, sublimination[obs3], exhalation; volatility.
vaporizer, still, retort;
fumigation, steaming; bay salt, chloride of
sodium|!.
mister, spray.
bubble, effervescence.
V. render -gaseous
&c. 334; vaporize, volatilize; distill, sublime;
evaporate, exhale, smoke, transpire, emit vapor, fume,
reek, steam, fumigate; cohobate[obs3]; finestill[obs3].
bubble, sparge, effervesce,
boil.
Adj. volatilized &c.
v.; reeking &c. v.; volatile; evaporable[obs3],
vaporizable.
bubbly, effervescent,
boiling.
% Specific Fluids %
#337. Water. —
N. water; serum, serosity[obs3]; lymph; rheum;
diluent; agua[Sp], aqua, pani[obs3].
dilution, maceration,
lotion; washing &c. v.; immersion|,
humectation[obs3], infiltration, spargefaction|, affusion[obs3],
irrigation, douche, balneation[obs3], bath.
deluge &c. (water in
motion) 348; high water, flood tide.
V. be watery &c. adj.;
reek.
add water, water, wet;
moisten &c. 339; dilute, dip, immerse; merge;
immerge, submerge; plunge, souse, duck, drown; soak,
steep, macerate, pickle, wash, sprinkle, lave, bathe,
affuse[obs3], splash, swash, douse, drench; dabble,
slop, slobber, irrigate, inundate, deluge; syringe,
inject, gargle.
Adj. watery, aqueous,
aquatic, hydrous, lymphatic; balneal[obs3],
diluent; drenching &c. v.; diluted &c. v.; weak; wet
&c. (moist) 339.
Phr. the waters are
out.
#338. Air. —
N. air &c. (gas) 334; common air, atmospheric air;
atmosphere; aerosphere[obs3].
open air; sky, welkin;
blue sky; cloud &c. 353.
weather, climate, rise
and fall of the barometer, isobar.
[Science of air] aerology,
aerometry[obs3], aeroscopy[obs3],
aeroscopy[obs3], aerography[obs3]; meteorology, climatology;
pneumatics; eudioscope[obs3], baroscope[obs3], aeroscope[obs3],
eudiometer[obs3], barometer, aerometer[obs3]; aneroid,
baroscope[obs3]; weather gauge, weather glass, weather
cock.
exposure to the air,
exposure to the weather; ventilation;
aerostation[obs3], aeronautics, aeronaut.
V. air, ventilate, fan
&c. (wind) 349.
Adj. containing air,
flatulent, effervescent; windy &c. 349.
atmospheric, airy; aerial,
aeriform[obs3]; meteorological;
weatherwise[obs3].
Adv. in the open air,
a la belle etoile[Fr], al fresco; sub jove
dio[Lat].
#339. Moisture.
— N. moisture; moistness &c. adj.; humidity,
humectation[obs3]; madefaction|, dew; serein[obs3];
marsh &c. 345; hygrometry, hygrometer.
V. moisten, wet; humect[obs3],
humectate[obs3]; sponge, damp, bedew;
imbue, imbrue, infiltrate, saturate; soak, drench
&c. (water) 337.
be moist &c. adj.; not
have a dry thread; perspire &c. (exude) 295.
Adj. moist, damp; watery
&c. 337; madid[obs3], roric[obs3];
undried[obs3], humid, sultry, wet, dank, luggy[obs3],
dewy; roral|, rorid|; roscid[obs3]; juicy.
wringing wet, soaking
wet; wet through to the skin; saturated &c. v.
swashy[obs3], soggy,
dabbled; reeking, dripping, soaking, soft, sodden,
sloppy, muddy; swampy &c. (marshy) 345; irriguous[obs3].
#340. Dryness.
— N. dryness &c. adj.; siccity[obs3], aridity,
drought, ebb tide, low water.
exsiccation|, desiccation;
arefaction|, dephlegmation|, drainage;
drier.
[CHEMSUB which renders
dry] desiccative, dessicator.
[device to render dry]
dessicator; hair drier, clothes drier, gas
drier, electric drier; vacuum oven, drying oven, kiln;
lyophilizer.
clothesline.
V. be dry &c. adj..
[transitive] render
dry &c. adj.; dry; dry up, soak up; sponge, swab,
wipe; drain.
desiccate, dehydrate,
exsiccate[obs3]; parch.
kiln dry; vacuum dry,
blow dry, oven dry; hang out to dry.
mummify.
be fine, hold up.
Adj. dry, anhydrous,
arid; adust[obs3], arescent|; dried &c. v.;
undamped; juiceless[obs3], sapless; sear; husky; rainless,
without rain, fine; dry as a bone, dry as dust, dry
as a stick, dry as a mummy, dry as a biscuit.
water proof, water tight.
dehydrated, dessicated.
— p. 99 —
#341. Ocean —
N. sea, ocean, main, deep, brine, salt water, waves,
billows, high seas, offing, great waters, watery waste,
“vasty deep”; wave, tide, &c. (water in
motion) 348.
hydrography, hydrographer;
Neptune, Poseidon, Thetis, Triton, Naiad,
Nereid; sea nymph, Siren; trident, dolphin.
Adj. oceanic; marine,
maritime; pelagic, pelagian; seagoing;
hydrographic; bathybic[obs3], cotidal[obs3].
Adv. at sea, on sea;
afloat.
#342. Land. —
N. land, earth, ground, dry land, terra firma.
continent, mainland,
peninsula, chersonese[Fr], delta; tongue of land,
neck of land; isthmus, oasis; promontory &c. (projection)
250; highland &c. (height) 206.
coast, shore, scar,
strand, beach; playa; bank, lea; seaboard,
seaside, seabank[obs3], seacoast, seabeach[obs3];
ironbound coast; loom of the land; derelict; innings;
alluvium, alluvion[obs3]; ancon.
riverbank, river bank,
levee.
soil, glebe, clay, loam,
marl, cledge[obs3], chalk, gravel, mold,
subsoil, clod, clot; rock, crag.
acres; real estate &c.
(property) 780; landsman[obs3].
#343. Gulf.
Lake — N. land covered with water, gulf,
gulph[obs3],
bay, inlet, bight, estuary, arm of the sea, bayou
[U.S.], fiord, armlet; frith[obs3], firth, ostiary|,
mouth; lagune[obs3], lagoon; indraught[obs3]; cove,
creek; natural harbor; roads; strait; narrows; Euripus;
sound, belt, gut, kyles[obs3]; continental slope,
continental shelf.
lake, loch, lough[obs3],
mere, tarn, plash, broad, pond, pool,
lin[obs3], puddle, slab, well, artesian well; standing
water, dead water, sheet of water; fish pond, mill
pond; ditch, dike, dyke, dam; reservoir &c. (store)
636; alberca[obs3], barachois[obs3], hog wallow [U.S.].
Adj. lacustrine[obs3].
#344. Plain. —
N. plain, table-land, face of the country; open
country, champaign country[obs3]; basin, downs, waste,
weary waste, desert, wild, steppe, pampas, savanna,
prairie, heath, common, wold[obs3], veldt; moor, moorland;
bush; plateau &c. (level) 213; campagna[obs3]; alkali
flat, llano; mesa, mesilla [obs3][U.S.], playa; shaking
prairie, trembling prairie; vega[Sp].
meadow, mead, haugh[obs3],
pasturage, park, field, lawn, green, plat,
plot, grassplat[obs3], greensward, sward, turf, sod,
heather; lea, ley, lay; grounds; maidan[obs3], agostadero[obs3].
Adj. champaign[obs3],
alluvial; campestral[obs3], campestrial[obs3],
campestrian[obs3], campestrine[obs3].
#345. Marsh. —
N. marsh, swamp, morass, marish[obs3], moss, fen, bog,
quagmire, slough, sump, wash; mud, squash, slush;
baygall [obs3][U.S.], cienaga[obs3], jhil[obs3], vlei[obs3].
Adj. marsh, marshy;
swampy, boggy, plashy[obs3], poachy[obs3],
quaggy[obs3], soft; muddy, sloppy, squashy; paludal[obs3];
moorish, moory; fenny.
#346. Island. —
N. island, isle, islet, eyot[obs3], ait[obs3],
holf[obs3], reef, atoll, breaker; archipelago; islander.
Adj. insular, seagirt;
archipelagic[obs3].
— p. 100 — % Fluids in Motion %
#347. [Fluid in motion.]
Stream. — N. stream &c. (of water) 348,
(of
air) 349.
flowmeter.
V. flow &c. 348; blow
&c. 349.
#348. [Water in motion.]
River. — N. running water.
jet, spirt[obs3], spurt,
squirt, spout, spray, splash, rush, gush, jet
d’eau[Fr]; sluice.
water spout, water fall;
cascade, force, foss[obs3]; lin[obs3],
linn[obs3]; ghyll[obs3], Niagara; cataract, rapids,
white water, catadupe|, cataclysm; debacle, inundation,
deluge; chute, washout.
rain, rainfall; serein[obs3];
shower, scud; downpour; driving rain,
drenching rain, cloudburst; hyetology[obs3], hyetography[obs3];
#349. [Air in motion]
Wind. — N.. wind, draught, flatus, afflatus,
efflation[obs3], eluvium[obs3]; air; breath, breath
of air; puff, whiff, zephyr; blow, breeze, drift;
aura; stream, current, jet stream; undercurrent.
gust, blast, squall,
gale, half a gale, storm, tempest, hurricane,
whirlwind, tornado, samiel, cyclone, anticyclone,
typhoon; simoon[obs3], simoom; harmattan[obs3], monsoon,
trade wind, sirocco, mistral, bise[obs3], tramontane,
— p. 101 —
#350. [Channel for the passage of water.] Conduit.
— N. conduit, channel, duct, watercourse,
race; head race, tail race; abito[obs3], aboideau[obs3],
aboiteau[Fr], bito[obs3]; acequia[obs3], acequiador[obs3],
acequiamadre[obs3]; arroyo; adit[obs3], aqueduct, canal,
trough, gutter, pantile; flume, ingate[obs3], runner;
lock-weir, tedge[obs3]; vena[obs3]; dike, main, gully,
moat, ditch, drain, sewer, culvert, cloaca, sough,
kennel, siphon; piscina[obs3]; pipe &c. (tube) 260;
funnel; tunnel &c. (passage) 627; water pipe, waste
pipe; emunctory[obs3], gully hole, artery, aorta,
pore, spout, scupper; adjutage[obs3], ajutage[obs3];
hose; gargoyle; gurgoyle[obs3]; penstock, weir; flood
gate, water gate; sluice, lock, valve; rose; waterworks.
pipeline.
Adj. vascular &c. (with
holes) 260.
#351. [Channel for the
passage of air.] Airpipe. — N. air pipe,
air
tube; airhole[obs3], blowhole, breathinghole[obs3],
venthole; shaft, flue, chimney, funnel, vent, nostril,
nozzle, throat, weasand[obs3], trachea; bronchus,
bronchia[Med]; larynx, tonsils, windpipe, spiracle;
ventiduct[obs3], ventilator; louvre, jalousie, Venetian
blinds; blowpipe &c. (wind) 349; pipe &c. (tube) 260;
jhilmil[obs3]; smokestack.
screen, window screen.
artificial lung, iron
lung, heart and lung machine.
% 3. IMPERFECT FLUIDS %
#352. Semiliquidity.
— N. semiliquidity; stickiness &c. adj.;
viscidity, viscosity; gummosity[obs3], glutinosity[obs3],
mucosity[obs3]; spissitude[obs3], crassitude[obs3];
lentor[obs3]; adhesiveness &c. (cohesion) 46.
inspissation[obs3],
incrassation[obs3]; thickening.
jelly, mucilage, gelatin,
gluten; carlock[obs3], fish glue;
ichthyocol[obs3], ichthycolla[obs3]; isinglass; mucus,
phlegm, goo; pituite[obs3], lava; glair[obs3], starch,
gluten, albumen, milk, cream, protein|!; treacle;
gum, size, glue (tenacity) 327; wax, beeswax.
emulsion, soup; squash,
mud, slush, slime, ooze; moisture &c. 339;
marsh &c. 345.
V. inspissate[obs3],
incrassate[obs3]; thicken, mash, squash, churn,
beat up.
sinter.
Adj. semifluid, semiliquid;
tremellose[obs3]; half melted, half
frozen; milky, muddy &c. n.; lacteal, lactean[obs3],
lacteous[obs3], lactescent[obs3], lactiferous[obs3];
emulsive, curdled, thick, succulent, uliginous[obs3].
gelatinous, albuminous,
mucilaginous, glutinous; glutenous, gelatin,
mastic, amylaceous[obs3], ropy, clammy, clotted; viscid,
viscous; sticky, tacky, gooey; slab, slabby[obs3];
lentous|, pituitous[obs3]; mucid[obs3], muculent[obs3],
mucous; gummy.
#353. [Mixture of air
and water.] Bubble. [Cloud.] — N. bubble,
foam,
froth, head, spume, lather, suds, spray, surf, yeast,
barm[obs3], spindrift.
cloud, vapor, fog, mist,
haze, steam, geyser; scud, messenger, rack,
nimbus; cumulus, woolpack[obs3], cirrus, stratus;
cirrostratus, cumulostratus; cirrocumulus; mackerel
sky, mare’s tale, dirty sky; curl cloud; frost
smoke; thunderhead.
[Science of clouds]
nephelognosy[obs3]; nephograph[obs3],
nephology[obs3].
effervescence, fermentation;
bubbling &c. v.
nebula; cloudliness
&c. (opacity) 426[obs3]; nebulosity &c. (dimness)
422.
V. bubble, boil, foam,
froth, mantle, sparkle, guggle[obs3], gurgle;
effervesce, ferment, fizzle.
Adj. bubbling &c. v.;
frothy, nappy[obs3], effervescent, sparkling,
mousseux[French: frothy], up.
cloudy &c. n.; thunderheaded[obs3];
vaporous, nebulous, overcast.
Phr. “the lowring
element scowls o’er the darkened landscip”
[Paradise
Lost].
#354. Pulpiness.
— N. pulpiness &c. adj.; pulp, taste, dough,
curd,
pap, rob, jam, pudding, poultice, grume[obs3].
mush, oatmeal, baby
food.
Adj. pulpy &c. n.; pultaceous[obs3],
grumous[obs3]; baccate[obs3].
#355. Unctuousness.
— N. unctuousness &c. adj.; unctuosity[obs3],
lubricity; ointment &c. (oil) 356; anointment; lubrication
&c. 332.
V. oil &c. (lubricate)
332.
Adj. unctuous, oily,
oleaginous, adipose, sebaceous; unguinous[obs3];
fat, fatty, greasy; waxy, butyraceous, soapy, saponaceous[obs3],
pinguid, lardaceous[obs3]; slippery.
#356. Oil. — N. oil, fat, butter, cream, grease, tallow, suet, lard, dripping exunge|, blubber; glycerin, stearin, elaine[Chem], oleagine[obs3]; soap; soft soap, wax, cerement; paraffin, spermaceti, adipocere[obs3]; petroleum, mineral, mineral rock, mineral crystal, mineral oil; vegetable oil, colza oil[obs3], olive oil, salad oil, linseed oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, nut oil; animal oil, neat’s foot oil, train oil; ointment, unguent, liniment; aceite[obs3], amole[obs3], Barbados tar[obs3]; fusel oil, grain oil, rape oil, seneca oil; hydrate of amyl, ghee[obs3]; heating oil, “#2 oil”, No. 2 oil, distillate, residual oils, kerosene, jet fuel, gasoline, naphtha; stearin.
— p. 102 —
#356a. Resin. —
N. resin, rosin; gum; lac, sealing wax; amber,
ambergris; bitumen, pitch, tar; asphalt, asphaltum;
camphor; varnish, copal[obs3], mastic, magilp[obs3],
lacquer, japan.
artificial resin, polymer;
ion-exchange resin, cation-exchange resin,
anion exchange resin, water softener, Amberlite[obs3],
Dowex[Chem], Diaion.
V. varnish &c. (overlay)
223.
Adj. resiny[obs3], resinous;
bituminous, pitchy, tarry; asphaltic,
asphaltite.
% SECTION III. ORGANIC MATTER
1. VITALITY
Vitality in general
%
#357. Organization.
— N. organized world, organized nature;
living
nature, animated nature; living beings; organic remains,
fossils.
protoplasm, cytoplasm,
protein; albumen; structure &c. 329;
organization, organism.
[Science of living beings]
biology; natural history, organic
chemistry, anatomy, physiology; zoology &c. 368; botany;
microbiology, virology, bacteriology, mycology &c.
369; naturalist.
archegenesis &c. (production)
161[obs3]; antherozoid[obs3],
bioplasm[obs3], biotaxy[obs3], chromosome, dysmeromorph[obs3];
ecology, oecology; erythroblast[Physiol], gametangium[obs3],
gamete, germinal matter, invagination[Biol]; isogamy[obs3],
oogamy[obs3]; karyaster[obs3]; macrogamete[obs3],
microgamete[obs3]; metabolism, anabolism, catabolism;
metaplasm[obs3], ontogeny, ovary, ovum, oxidation,
phylogeny, polymorphism, protozoa, spermary[obs3],
spermatozoon, trophoplasm[obs3], vacuole, vertebration[obs3],
zoogloea[obs3], zygote.
Darwinism, neo-Darwinism,
Lamarkism, neoLamarkism, Weismannism.
morphology, taxonomy.
Adj. organic, organized;
karyoplasmic[obs3], unsegmentic[obs3],
vacuolar, zoogloeic[obs3], zoogloeoid[obs3].
#358. Inorganization.
— N. mineral world, mineral kingdom;
unorganized matter, inorganic matter, brute matter,
inanimate matter.
[Science of the mineral
kingdom] mineralogy, geology, geognosy[obs3],
geoscopy[obs3]; metallurgy, metallography[obs3]; lithology;
oryctology|, oryctography|.
V. turn to dust; mineralize,
fossilize.
Adj. inorganic, inanimate,
inorganized[obs3]; lithoidal[obs3]; azoic;
mineral.
#359. Life. —
N. life, vitality, viability; animation; vital spark,
vital flame, soul, spirit.
respiration, wind; breath
of life, breath of one’s nostrils; oxygen,
air.
[devices to sustain
respiration] respirator, artificial respirator,
heart and lung machine, iron lung; medical devices
&c. 662.
lifeblood; Archeus[obs3];
existence &c. 1.
vivification; vital
force; vitalization; revivification &c. 163;
Prometheus; life to come &c. (destiny) 152.
[Science of life] physiology,
biology; animal ecology.
nourishment, staff of
life &c. (food) 298.
genetics, heredity,
inheritance, evolution, natural selection,
reproduction (production) 161.
microbe, aerobe, anaerobe,
facultative anaerobe, obligate aerobe,
obligate anaerobe, halophile[Microbiol], methanogen[Microbiol],
archaebacteria[Microb], microaerophile[Microbiol].
animal &c. 366; vegetable
&c. 367.
artificial life, robot,
robotics, artificial intelligence.
[vital signs] breathing,
breathing rate, heartbeat, pulse,
temperature.
preservation of life,
healing (medicine) 662.
V. be alive &c. adj.;
live, breathe, respire; subsist &c. (exist) 1;
walk the earth “strut and fret one’s hour
upon the stage” [Macbeth]; be spared.
see the light, be born,
come into the world, fetch breath, draw
breath, fetch the breath of life, draw the breath
of life; quicken; revive; come to life.
give birth to &c. (produce)
161; bring to life, put into life,
vitalize; vivify, vivificate[obs3]; reanimate &c.
(restore) 660; keep alive, keep body and soul together,
keep the wolf from the door; support life.
hive nine lives like
a cat.
Adj. living, alive;
in life, in the flesh, in the land of the living;
on this side of the grave, above ground, breathing,
quick, animated; animative[obs3]; lively &c. (active)
682; all alive and kicking; tenacious of life; full
of life, yeasty.
vital, vitalic[obs3];
vivifying, vivified, &c. v.; viable,
zoetic[obs3]; Promethean.
Adv. vivendi causa[Lat].
Phr. atqui vivere militare
est [Lat][Seneca]; non est vivere sed
valere vita [Lat][Marial].
— p. 103 —
#360. Death. —
N. death; decease, demise; dissolution, departure,
obit, release, rest, quietus, fall; loss, bereavement;
mortality, morbidity.
end of life &c. 67,
cessation of life &c. 142, loss of life,
extinction of life, ebb of life &c. 359.
death warrant, death
watch, death rattle, death bed; stroke of death,
agonies of death, shades of death, valley of death,
jaws of death, hand of death; last breath, last gasp,
last agonies; dying day, dying breath, dying agonies;
chant du cygne[Fr]; rigor mortis[Lat]; Stygian shore.
King of terrors, King
Death; Death; doom &c. (necessity) 601; “Hell’s
grim Tyrant” [Pope].
euthanasia; break up
— p. 104 —
#361. [Destruction of
live; violent death.] Killing. — N. killing
&c.
v.; homicide, manslaughter, murder, assassination,
trucidation|, iccusion|; effusion of blood; blood,
blood shed; gore, slaughter, carnage, butchery; battue[obs3].
massacre; fusillade,
noyade[obs3]; thuggery, Thuggism[obs3].
deathblow, finishing
stroke, coup de grace, quietus; execution &c.
(capital punishment) 972; judicial murder; martyrdom.
butcher, slayer, murderer,
Cain, assassin, terrorist, cutthroat,
garroter, bravo, Thug, Moloch, matador, sabreur[obs3];
guet-a-pens; gallows, executioner &c. (punishment)
975; man-eater, apache[obs3], hatchet man [U.S.],
highbinder [obs3][U.S.].
regicide, parricide,
matricide, fratricide, infanticide, feticide,
foeticide[obs3], uxoricide[obs3], vaticide[obs3].
suicide, felo de se[obs3],
hara-kiri, suttee, Juggernath[obs3];
immolation, auto da fe, holocaust.
suffocation, strangulation,
garrote; hanging &c. v.; lapidation[obs3].
deadly weapon &c. (arms)
727; Aceldama[obs3].
[Destruction of animals]
slaughtering; phthisozoics[obs3]; sport,
sporting; the chase, venery; hunting, coursing, shooting,
fishing; pig-sticking; sportsman, huntsman, fisherman;
hunter, Nimrod; slaughterhouse, meat packing plant,
shambles, abattoir.
fatal accident, violent
death, casualty.
V. kill, put to death,
slay, shed blood; murder, assassinate, butcher,
slaughter, victimize, immolate; massacre; take away
life, deprive of life; make away with, put an end
to; despatch, dispatch; burke, settle, do for.
strangle, garrote, hang,
throttle, choke, stifle, suffocate, stop the
breath, smother, asphyxiate, drown.
saber; cut down, cut
to pieces, cut the throat; jugulate[obs3]; stab,
run through the body, bayonet, eviscerate; put to
the sword, put to the edge of the sword.
shoot dead; blow one’s
brains out; brain, knock on the head; stone,
lapidate[obs3]; give a deathblow; deal a deathblow;
give a quietus, give a coupe de grace.
behead, bowstring, electrocute,
gas &c. (execute) 972.
hunt, shoot &c. n.
cut off, nip in the
bud, launch into eternity, send to one’s last
account, sign one’s death warrant, strike the
death knell of.
give no quarter, pour
out blood like water; decimate; run amuck; wade
knee deep in blood, imbrue one’s hands in blood.
die a violent death,
welter in one’s blood; dash out one’s brains,
blow out one’s brains; commit suicide; kill
oneself, make away with oneself, put an end to oneself,
put an end to it all.
Adj. killing &c. v.;
murderous, slaughterous; sanguinary,
sanguinolent[obs3]; blood stained, blood thirsty;
homicidal, red handed; bloody, bloody minded; ensanguined[obs3],
gory; thuggish.
mortal, fatal, lethal;
dead, deadly; mortiferous|, lethiferous[obs3];
unhealthy &c. 657; internecine; suicidal.
sporting; piscatorial,
piscatory[obs3].
Adv. in at the death.
Phr. “assassination
has never changed the history of the world”
[Disraeli].
#362. Corpse. —
N. corpse, corse[obs3], carcass, cadaver, bones,
skeleton, dry bones; defunct, relics, reliquiae[Lat],
remains, mortal remains, dust, ashes, earth, clay;
mummy; carrion; food for worms, food for fishes; tenement
of clay this mortal coil.
shade, ghost, manes.
organic remains, fossils.
Adj. cadaverous, corpse-like;
unburied &c. 363;
sapromyiophyllous[obs3].
#363. Interment.
— N. interment, burial, sepulture[obs3];
inhumation|; obsequies, exequies[obs3]; funeral, wake,
pyre, funeral pile; cremation.
funeral, funeral rite,
funeral solemnity; kneel, passing bell,
tolling; dirge &c. (lamentation) 839; cypress; orbit,
dead march, muffled drum; mortuary, undertaker, mute;
elegy; funeral, funeral oration, funeral sermon; epitaph.
graveclothes[obs3],
shroud, winding sheet, cerecloth; cerement.
coffin, shell, sarcophagus,
urn, pall, bier, hearse, catafalque,
cinerary urn[obs3].
grave, pit, sepulcher,
tomb, vault, crypt, catacomb, mausoleum,
Golgotha, house of death, narrow house; cemetery,
necropolis; burial place, burial ground; grave yard,
church yard; God’s acre; tope, cromlech, barrow,
tumulus, cairn; ossuary; bone house, charnel house,
dead house; morgue; lich gate[obs3]; burning ghat[obs3];
crematorium, crematory; dokhma[obs3], mastaba[obs3],
potter’s field, stupa[obs3], Tower of Silence.
sexton, gravedigger.
monument, cenotaph,
shrine; grave stone, head stone, tomb stone;
memento mori[Lat]; hatchment[obs3], stone; obelisk,
pyramid.
exhumation, disinterment;
necropsy, autopsy, post mortem
examination[Lat]; zoothapsis[obs3].
V. inter, bury; lay
in the grave, consign to the grave, lay in the
tomb, entomb, in tomb; inhume; lay out, perform a
funeral, embalm, mummify; toll the knell; put to bed
with a shovel; inurn[obs3].
exhume, disinter, unearth.
Adj. burried &c. v.;
burial, funereal, funebrial[obs3]; mortuary,
sepulchral, cinerary[obs3]; elegiac; necroscopic[obs3].
Adv. in memoriam; post
obit, post mortem[Lat]; beneath the sod.
Phr. hic jacet[Lat][obs3],
ci-git[Fr]; RIP; requiescat in pace[Lat];
“the lone couch of his everlasting sleep”
[Shelley]; “without a grave-unknell’d,
uncoffin’d, and unknown” [Byron]; “in
the dark union of insensate dust” [Byron]; “the
deep cold shadow of the tomb” [Moore].
— p. 105 — % Special Vitality %
#364. Animality.
— N. animal life; animation, animality[obs3],
animalization[obs3]; animalness, corporeal nature,
human system; breath.
flesh, flesh and blood;
physique; strength &c. 159.
Adj. fleshly, human,
corporeal.
#365. Vegetability|.
— N. vegetable life; vegetation, vegetability|;
vegetality[obs3].
V. vegetate, grow roots,
put down roots.
Adj. rank, lush; vegetable,
vegetal, vegetive[obs3].
#366. Animal. —
N. animal, animal kingdom; fauna; brute creation.
beast, brute, creature,
critter [US dialect], wight, created being;
creeping thing, living thing; dumb animal, dumb creature;
zoophyte.
[major divisions of
animals] mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian, fish,
crustacean, shellfish, mollusk, worm, insect, arthropod,
microbe.
[microscopic animals]
microbe, animalcule &c. 193.
[reptiles] alligator,
crocodile; saurian; dinosaur [extinct]; snake,
serpent, viper, eft; asp, aspick[obs3].
[amphibians] frog, toad.
[fishes] trout, bass,
tuna, muskelunge, sailfish, sardine, mackerel.
[insects] ant, mosquito,
bee, honeybee.
[arthropods] tardigrade,
spider.
[classification by number
of feet] biped, quadruped.
flocks and herds, live
stock; domestic animals, wild animals; game,
ferae naturae[Lat]; beasts of the field, fowls of
the air, denizens of the sea; black game, black grouse;
blackcock[obs3], duck, grouse, plover, rail, snipe.
[domesticated mammals]
horse &c. (beast of burden) 271; cattle,
kine[obs3], ox; bull, bullock; cow, milch cow, calf,
heifer, shorthorn; sheep; lamb, lambkin[obs3]; ewe,
ram, tup; pig, swine, boar, hog, sow; steer, stot[obs3];
tag, teg[obs3]; bison, buffalo, yak, zebu, dog, cat.
[dogs] dog, hound; pup,
puppy; whelp, cur, mongrel; house dog, watch
dog, sheep dog, shepherd’s dog, sporting dog,
fancy dog, lap dog, toy dog, bull dog, badger dog;
mastiff; blood hound, grey hound, stag hound, deer
hound, fox hound, otter hound; harrier, beagle, spaniel,
pointer, setter, retriever; Newfoundland; water dog,
water spaniel; pug, poodle; turnspit; terrier; fox
terrier, Skye terrier; Dandie Dinmont; collie.
[cats][generally] feline,
puss, pussy; grimalkin[obs3]; gib cat, tom
cat.
[wild mammals] fox,
Reynard, vixen, stag, deer, hart, buck, doe, roe;
caribou, coyote, elk, moose, musk ox, sambar[obs3].
bird; poultry, fowl,
cock, hen, chicken, chanticleer, partlet[obs3],
rooster, dunghill cock, barn door fowl; feathered
tribes, feathered songster; singing bird, dicky bird;
canary, warbler; finch; aberdevine[obs3], cushat[obs3],
cygnet, ringdove[obs3], siskin, swan, wood pigeon.
[undesirable animals]
vermin, varmint[Western US], pest.
Adj. animal, zoological
equine, bovine, vaccine,
canine, feline, fishy; piscatory[obs3],
piscatorial; molluscous[obs3], vermicular; gallinaceous,
rasorial[obs3], solidungulate[obs3], soliped[obs3].
#367. Vegetable.
— N. vegetable, vegetable kingdom; flora,
verdure.
plant; tree, shrub,
bush; creeper; herb, herbage; grass.
annual; perennial, biennial,
triennial; exotic.
timber, forest; wood,
woodlands; timberland; hurst[obs3], frith[obs3],
holt, weald[obs3], park, chase, greenwood, brake,
grove, copse, coppice, bocage[obs3], tope, clump of
trees, thicket, spinet, spinney; underwood, brushwood;
— p. 106 —
#368. [The science of
animals.] Zoology. — N. zoology, zoonomy[obs3],
zoography[obs3], zootomy[obs3]; anatomy; comparative
anatomy; animal physiology, comparative physiology;
morphology; mammalogy.
anthropology, ornithology,
ichthyology, herpetology, ophiology[obs3],
malacology[obs3], helminthology[Med], entomology,
oryctology[obs3], paleontology, mastology[obs3], vermeology[obs3];
ichthy &c. ichthyotomy[obs3]; taxidermy.
zoologist &c.
Adj. zoological &c.
n.
#369. [The science of
plants.] Botany. — N. botany; physiological
botany, structural botany, systematic botany; phytography[obs3],
phytology[obs3], phytotomy[obs3]; vegetable physiology,
herborization[obs3], dendrology, mycology, fungology[obs3],
algology[obs3]; flora, romona; botanic garden &c.
(garden) 371[obs3]; hortus siccus[Lat], herbarium,
herbal.
botanist &c.; herbist[obs3],
herbarist[obs3], herbalist,
herborist[obs3], herbarian[obs3].
V. botanize, herborize[obs3].
Adj. botanical &c. n.;
botanic[obs3].
#370. [The economy or
management of animals.] Husbandry. — N.
husbandry, taming &c. v.; circuration[obs3], zoohygiantics[obs3];
domestication, domesticity; manege[Fr], veterinary
art; farriery[obs3]; breeding, pisciculture.
menagerie, vivarium,
zoological garden; bear pit; aviary, apiary,
alveary[obs3], beehive; hive; aquarium, fishery; duck
pond, fish pond.
phthisozoics &c.
(killing) 361[obs3][Destruction of animals];
euthanasia, sacrifice, humane destruction.
neatherd[obs3], cowherd,
shepherd; grazier, drover, cowkeeper[obs3];
trainer, breeder; apiarian[obs3], apiarist; bull whacker
[U.S.], cowboy, cow puncher [U.S.], farrier; horse
leech, horse doctor; vaquero, veterinarian, vet, veterinary
surgeon.
cage &c. (prison) 752;
hencoop[obs3], bird cage, cauf[obs3]; range,
sheepfold, &c. (inclosure) 232.
V. tame, domesticate,
acclimatize, breed, tend, break in, train; cage,
bridle, &c. (restrain) 751.
Adj. pastoral, bucolic;
tame, domestic.
#371. [The economy or
management of plants.] Agriculture. — N.
agriculture, cultivation, husbandry, farming; georgics,
geoponics[obs3]; tillage, agronomy, gardening, spade
husbandry, vintage; horticulture, arboriculture[obs3],
floriculture; landscape gardening; viticulture.
husbandman, horticulturist,
gardener, florist; agricultor[obs3],
agriculturist; yeoman, farmer, cultivator, tiller
of the soil, woodcutter, backwoodsman; granger, habitat,
vigneron[obs3], viticulturist; Triptolemus.
field, meadow, garden;
botanic garden[obs3], winter garden, ornamental
garden, flower garden, kitchen garden, market garden,
hop garden; nursery; green house, hot house; conservatory,
bed, border, seed plot; grassplot[obs3], grassplat[obs3],
lawn; park &c. (pleasure ground) 840; parterre, shrubbery,
plantation, avenue, arboretum, pinery[obs3], pinetum[obs3],
orchard; vineyard, vinery; orangery[obs3]; farm &c.
(abode) 189.
V. cultivate; till the
soil; farm, garden; sow, plant; reap, mow, cut;
manure, dress the ground, dig, delve, dibble, hoe,
plough, plow, harrow, rake, weed, lop and top; backset
[obs3][U.S.].
Adj. agricultural, agrarian,
agrestic[obs3].
arable, predial[obs3],
rural, rustic, country; horticultural.
#372. Mankind.
— N. man, mankind; human race, human species,
human
kind, human nature; humanity, mortality, flesh, generation.
[Science of man] anthropology,
anthropogeny[obs3],
anthropography[obs3], anthroposophy[obs3]; ethnology,
ethnography; humanitarian.
human being; person,
personage; individual, creature, fellow creature,
mortal, body, somebody; one; such a one, some one;
soul, living soul; earthling; party, head, hand; dramatis
personae[Lat]; quidam[Lat].
people, persons, folk,
public, society, world; community, community at
large; general public; nation, nationality; state,
realm; commonweal, commonwealth; republic, body politic;
million &c. (commonalty) 876; population &c. (inhabitant)
188.
tribe, clan (paternity)
166; family (consanguinity) 11.
cosmopolite; lords of
the creation; ourselves.
Adj. human, mortal,
personal, individual, national, civic, public,
social; cosmopolitan; anthropoid.
Phr. “am I not
a man and a brother?” [Wedgwood].
— p. 107 —
#373. Man. —
N. man, male, he, him; manhood &c. (adolescence) 131;
gentleman, sir, master; sahib; yeoman, wight|!, swain,
fellow, blade, beau, elf, chap, gaffer, good man;
husband &c. (married man) 903; Mr., mister; boy &c.
(youth) 129.
[Male animal] cock,
drake, gander, dog, boar, stag, hart, buck, horse,
entire horse, stallion; gibcat[obs3], tomcat; he goat,
Billy goat; ram, tup; bull, bullock; capon, ox, gelding,
steer, stot[obs3].
androgen.
homosexual, gay, queen[slang].
V. masculinize
Adj. male, he-, masculine;
manly, virile; unwomanly, unfeminine.
Pron. he, him, his.
Phr. hominem pagina
nostra sapit [Lat][Mar.]; homo homini aut deus
aut lupus [Lat][Erasmus]; homo vitae commodatus non
donatus est [Lat][Syrus].
#374. Woman. —
N. woman, she, her, female, petticoat.
feminality[obs3], muliebrity[obs3];
womanhood &c. (adolescence) 131.
womankind; the sex,
the fair; fair sex, softer sex; weaker vessel.
dame, madam, madame,
mistress, Mrs. lady, donna belle[Sp], matron,
dowager, goody, gammer[obs3]; Frau[Ger], frow[obs3],
Vrouw[Dutch], rani; good woman, good wife; squaw;
wife &c. (marriage) 903; matronage, matronhood[obs3].
bachelor girl, new woman,
feminist, suffragette, suffragist.
nymph, wench, grisette[obs3];
girl &c. (youth) 129.
[Effeminacy] sissy,
betty, cot betty [U.S.], cotquean[obs3],
henhussy[obs3], mollycoddle, muff, old woman.
[Female animal] hen,
bitch, sow, doe, roe, mare; she goat, Nanny goat,
tabita; ewe, cow; lioness, tigress; vixen.
gynecaeum[obs3].
estrogen, oestrogen.
consanguinity
&c. 166[female relatives], paternity &c. 11.
lesbian, dyke[slang].
V. feminize.
Adj. female, she-; feminine,
womanly, ladylike, matronly, maidenly,
wifely; womanish, effeminate, unmanly; gynecic[obs3],
gynaecic[obs3].
Pron. she, her, hers.
Phr. “a perfect
woman nobly planned” [Wordsworth]; “a lovely
lady
garmented in white” [Shelley]; das Ewig-Weibliche
zieht uns hinan [Ger][Goethe]; “earth’s
noblest thing, a woman perfected” [Lowell]; es
de vidrio la mujer[Sp]; “she moves a goddess
and she looks a queen” [Pope]; “the beauty
of a lovely woman is like music” [G. Eliot];
varium et mutabile semper femina [Lat][Vergil]; “woman
is the lesser man” [Tennyson].
#374a. Sexuality
[human] — N. sex, sexuality, gender; male,
masculinity, maleness &c. 373; female, femininity
&c. 374.
sexual intercourse,
copulation, mating, coitus, sex; lovemaking,
marital relations, sexual union; sleeping together,
carnal knowledge.
sex instinct, sex drive,
libido, lust, concupiscence; hots, horns
[coll]; arousal, heat, rut, estrus, oestrus; tumescence;
erection, hard-on, boner.
masturbation, self-gratification,
autoeroticism, onanism, self-abuse.
orgasm, climax, ejaculation.
sexiness, attractiveness;
sensuality, voluptuousness.
[sexual intercourse
outside of marriage] fornication, adultery.
[person who is sexy]
sex symbol, sex goddess; stud, hunk.
one-night stand.
pornography, porn, porno;
hardcore pornography, softcore pornography;
pin-up, cheesecake; beefcake; Playboy[magazines with
sexual photos], Esquire, Hustler.
[unorthodox sexual activity]
perversion, deviation, sexual
abnormality; fetish, fetishism; homosexuality, lesbianism,
bisexuality; sodomy, buggery; pederasty; sadism, masochism,
sado-masochism; incest.
V. mate, copulate; make
love, have intercourse, fornicate, have sex,
do it, sleep together, fuck[vulg.]; sleep around,
play the field..
masturbate, jerk off[coll.],
% 2. SENSATION Sensation in general %
#375. Physical
Sensibility. — N. sensibility; sensitiveness
&c. adj.;
physical sensibility, feeling, impressibility, perceptivity,
aesthetics; moral sensibility &c. 822.
sensation, impression;
consciousness &c. (knowledge) 490.
external senses.
V. be sensible of &c.
adj.; feel, perceive.
render sensible &c.
adj.; sharpen, cultivate, tutor.
cause sensation, impress;
excite an impression, produce an impression.
Adj. sensible, sensitive,
sensuous; aesthetic, perceptive, sentient;
conscious &c. (aware) 490.
acute, sharp, keen,
vivid, lively, impressive, thin-skinned.
Adv. to the quick.
Phr. “the touch’d
needle trembles to the pole” [Pope].
#376. Physical
Insensibility. — N. insensibility, physical
insensibility; obtuseness &c. adj.; palsy, paralysis,
paraesthesia[Med], anaesthesia; sleep &c. 823; hemiplegia[obs3],
motor paralysis; vegetable state; coma.
anaesthetic agent, opium,
ether, chloroform, chloral; nitrous oxide,
laughing gas; exhilarating gas, protoxide of nitrogen[ISA:chemsubcfs];
refrigeration.
V. be insensible &c.
adj.; have a thick skin, have a rhinoceros hide.
render insensible &c.
adj.; anaesthetize[obs3], blunt, pall,
obtund[obs3], benumb, paralyze; put under the influence
of chloroform &c. n.; stupefy, stun.
Adj. insensible, unfeeling,
senseless, impercipient[obs3], callous,
thick-skinned, pachydermatous; hard, hardened; case
hardened; proof, obtuse, dull; anaesthetic; comatose,
paralytic, palsied, numb, dead.
— p. 108 —
#377. Physical
Pleasure. — N. pleasure; physical pleasure,
sensual
pleasure, sensuous pleasure; bodily enjoyment, animal
gratification, hedonism, sensuality; luxuriousness
&c. adj.; dissipation, round of pleasure, titillation,
gusto, creature comforts, comfort, ease; pillow &c.
(support) 215; luxury, lap of luxury; purple and fine
linen; bed of downs, bed of roses; velvet, clover;
cup of Circe &c. (intemperance) 954.
treat; refreshment,
regale; feast; delice[Fr]; dainty &c. 394; bonne
bouche[Fr].
source of pleasure &c.
829; happiness &c. (mental enjoyment) 827.
V. feel pleasure, experience
pleasure, receive pleasure; enjoy,
relish; luxuriate in, revel in, riot in, bask in,
swim in, drink up, eat up, wallow in; feast on; gloat
over, float on; smack the lips.
live on the fat of the
land, live in comfort &c. adv.; bask in the
sunshine, faire ses choux gras[Fr]..
#378. Physical
Pain. — N. pain; suffering, sufferance,
suffrance[obs3]; bodily pain, physical pain, bodily
suffering, physical suffering, body pain; mental suffering
&c. 828; dolour, ache; aching &c. v.; smart; shoot,
shooting; twinge, twitch, gripe, headache, stomach
ache, heartburn, angina, angina pectoris[Lat]; hurt,
cut; sore, soreness; discomfort, malaise; cephalalgia[Med],
earache, gout, ischiagra[obs3], lumbago, neuralgia,
odontalgia[obs3], otalgia[obs3], podagra[obs3], rheumatism,
sciatica; tic douloureux[Fr], toothache, tormina[obs3],
torticollis[obs3].
spasm, cramp; nightmare,
ephialtes[obs3]; crick, stitch; thrill,
convulsion, throe; throb &c. (agitation) 315; pang;
colic; kink.
sharp pain, piercing
pain, throbbing pain, shooting pain, sting,
gnawing pain, burning pain; excruciating pain.
anguish, agony; torment,
torture; rack; cruciation[obs3], crucifixion;
martyrdom, toad under a harrow, vivisection.
V. feel pain, experience
pain, suffer pain, undergo pain &c. n.;
suffer, ache, smart, bleed; tingle, shoot; twinge,
twitch, lancinate[obs3]; writhe, wince, make a wry
face; sit on thorns, sit on pins and needles.
give pain, inflict pain;
lacerate; pain, hurt, chafe, sting, bite,
gnaw, gripe; pinch, tweak; grate, gall, fret, prick,
pierce, wring, convulse; torment, torture; rack, agonize;
crucify; cruciate[obs3], excruciate|; break on the
wheel, put to the rack; flog &c. (punish) 972; grate
on the ear &c. (harsh sound) 410.
Adj. in pain &c. n.,
in a state of pain; pained &c. v.; gouty,
podagric[obs3], torminous[obs3].
painful; aching &c.
v.; sore, raw.
% Special Sensation (1) Touch %
#379. [Sensation of
pressure] Touch. — N. touch; tact, taction[obs3],
tactility; feeling; palpation, palpability; contrectation[obs3];
manipulation; massage.
[Organ of touch] hand,
finger, forefinger, thumb, paw, feeler,
antenna; palpus[obs3].
V. touch, feel, handle,
finger, thumb, paw, fumble, grope, grabble;
twiddle, tweedle; pass the fingers over, run the fingers
over; manipulate, wield; throw out a feeler.
Adj. tactual, tactile;
tangible, palpable; lambent.
— p. 109 —
#380. Sensations
of Touch. — N. itching, pruritis &c. v[Med].;
titillation, formication[obs3], aura; stereognosis[obs3].
V. itch, tingle, creep,
thrill, sting; prick, prickle; tickle,
titillate.
Adj. itching &c. v.;
stereognostic[obs3], titillative.
#381. [insensibility
to touch.] Numbness. — N. numbness &c. (physical
insensibility) 376; anaesthesia; pins and needles.
V. benumb &c. 376.
Adj. numb; benumbed
&c. v.; deadened; intangible, impalpable.
% (2) Heat %
#382. Heat. —
N. heat, caloric; temperature, warmth, fervor,
calidity[obs3]; incalescence[obs3], incandescence;
glow, flush; fever, hectic.
phlogiston; fire, spark,
scintillation, flash, flame, blaze; bonfire;
firework, pyrotechnics, pyrotechny[obs3]; wildfire;
sheet of fire, lambent flame; devouring element; adiathermancy[obs3];
recalescence[Phys].
summer, dog days; canicular
days[obs3]; baking &c. 384 heat, white
heat, tropical heat, Afric heat[obs3], Bengal heat[obs3],
summer heat, blood heat; sirocco, simoom; broiling
sun; insolation; warming &c. 384.
sun &c. (luminary) 423.
[Science of heat] pyrology[obs3];
thermology[obs3], thermotics[obs3],
thermodynamics; thermometer &c. 389.
[thermal units] calorie,
gram-calorie, small calorie; kilocalorie,
kilogram calorie, large calorie; British Thermal Unit,
B.T.U.; therm, quad.
[units of temperature]
degrees Kelvin, kelvins, degrees centigrade,
degrees Celsius; degrees Fahrenheit.
V. be hot &c. adj.;
glow, flush, sweat, swelter, bask, smoke, reek,
stew, simmer, seethe, boil, burn, blister, broil,
blaze, flame; smolder; parch, fume, pant.
heat &c. (make hot)
384; recalesce[obs3]; thaw, give.
Adj. hot, warm, mild,
genial, tepid, lukewarm, unfrozen; thermal,
thermic; calorific; fervent, fervid; ardent; aglow.
sunny, torrid, tropical,
estival|!, canicular[obs3], steamy; close,
sultry, stifling, stuffy, suffocating, oppressive;
reeking &c. v.; baking &c. 384.
red hot, white hot,
smoking hot, burning &c. v. hot, piping hot; like
a furnace, like an oven; burning, hot as fire, hot
as pepper; hot enough to roast an ox, hot enough to
boil an egg.
fiery; incandescent,
incalescent[obs3]; candent[obs3], ebullient,
glowing, smoking; live; on fire; dazzling &c. v.;
in flames, blazing, in a blaze; alight, afire, ablaze;
unquenched, unextinguished[obs3]; smoldering; in a
heat, in a glow, in a fever, in a perspiration, in
a sweat; sudorific[obs3]; sweltering, sweltered; blood
hot, blood warm; warm as a toast, warm as wool.
volcanic, plutonic,
igneous; isothermal|!, isothermic|!, isotheral|!.
Phr. not a breath of
air; “whirlwinds of tempestuous fire” [Paradise
Lost].
#383. Cold. —
N. cold, coldness &c. adj.; frigidity, inclemency,
fresco.
winter; depth of winter,
hard winter; Siberia, Nova Zembla; wind-chill
factor.
[forms of frozen water]
ice; snow, snowflake, snow crystal, snow
drift; sleet; hail, hailstone; rime, frost; hoar frost,
white frost, hard frost, sharp frost; barf; glaze
[U. S.], lolly [obs3][N. Am.]; icicle, thick-ribbed
ice; fall of snow, heavy fall; iceberg, icefloe; floe
berg; glacier; neve, serac[obs3]; pruina[obs3].
[cold substances] freezing
mixture, dry ice, liquid nitrogen, liquid
helium.
[Sensation of cold]
chilliness &c. adj.; chill; shivering &c. v.;
— p. 110 —
#384. Calefaction.
— N. increase of temperature; heating &c.
v.;
calefaction[obs3], tepefaction[obs3], torrefaction[obs3];
melting, fusion; liquefaction &c. 335; burning &c.
v.; ambustion[obs3], combustion; incension|, accension[obs3];
concremation[obs3], cremation; scorification[obs3];
cautery, cauterization; ustulation[obs3], calcination;
cracking, refining; incineration, cineration[obs3];
carbonization; cupellation[Chem].
ignition, inflammation,
adustion[obs3], flagration| [obs3];
deflagration, conflagration; empyrosis[obs3], incendiarism;
arson; auto dafe[Fr].
boiling &c. v.; coction[obs3],
ebullition, estuation[obs3],
elixation|, decoction; ebullioscope[obs3]; geyser;
distillation (vaporization) 336.
furnace &c. 386; blanket,
flannel, fur; wadding &c. (lining) 224;
clothing &c. 225.
still; refinery; fractionating
column, fractionating tower, cracking
tower.
match &c. (fuel) 388;
incendiary; petroleuse[Fr];
[biological effects
resembling the effects of heat][substances causing
a burning sensation and damage on skin or tissue]
cauterizer[obs3]; caustic, lunar caustic, alkali,
apozem[obs3], moxa[obs3]; acid, aqua fortis[Lat],
aqua regia; catheretic[obs3], nitric acid, nitrochloro-hydric
acid[ISA:CHEMSUB], nitromuriatic acid[ISA:CHEMSUBPREFIX];
radioactivity, gamma rays, alpha particles, beta rays,
X-rays, radiation, cosmic radiation, background radiation,
radioactive isotopes, tritium, uranium, plutonium,
radon, radium.
sunstroke, coup de soleil[Fr];
insolation.
[artifacts requiring
heat in their manufacture] pottery, ceramics,
crockery, porcelain, china; earthenware, stoneware;
#385. Refrigeration. — N. refrigeration, infrigidation[obs3], reduction of temperature; cooling &c. v.; congelation[obs3], conglaciation| [obs3]; ice &c. 383; solidification &c. (density) 321; ice box (refrigerator) 385.. extincteur[Fr]; fire annihilator; amianth[obs3], amianthus[obs3]; earth-flax, mountain-flax; flexible asbestos; fireman, fire brigade (incombustibility) 388a. incombustibility, incombustibleness &c. adj[obs3]. (insulation) 388a. air conditioning[residential cooling], central air conditioning; air conditioner; fan, attic fan; dehumidifier. V. cool, fan, refrigerate, refresh, ice; congeal, freeze, glaciate; benumb, starve, pinch, chill, petrify, chill to the marrow, regelate[obs3], nip, cut, pierce, bite, make one’s teeth chatter, damp, slack quench; put out, stamp out; extinguish; go out, burn out (incombustibility) 388a.. Adj. cooled &c. v.; frozen out; cooling &c. v.; frigorific[obs3].
#386. Furnace.
— N. furnace, stove, kiln, oven; cracker;
hearth,
focus, combustion chamber; athanor[obs3], hypocaust[obs3],
reverberatory; volcano; forge, fiery furnace; limekiln;
Dutch oven; tuyere, brasier[obs3], salamander, heater,
warming pan; boiler, caldron, seething caldron, pot;
urn, kettle; chafing-dish; retort, crucible, alembic,
still; waffle irons; muffle furnace, induction furnace;
#387. Refrigerator.
— N. refrigerator, refrigeratory[obs3];
frigidarium[obs3]; cold storage, cold room, cold laboratory;
icehouse, icepail, icebag, icebox; cooler, damper,
polyurethane cooler; wine cooler.
freezer, deep freeze,
dry ice freezer, liquid nitrogen freezer,
refigerator-freezer.
freezing mixture[refrigerating
substances], ice, ice cubes, blocks of
ice, chipped ice; liquid nitrogen, dry ice, dry ice-acetone,
liquid helium.
#388. Fuel. —
N. fuel, firing, combustible.
[solid fuels] coal,
wallsend[obs3], anthracite, culm[obs3], coke,
carbon, charcoal, bituminous coal, tar shale; turf,
peat, firewood, bobbing, faggot, log; cinder &c. (products
of combustion) 384; ingle, tinder, touchwood; sulphur,
brimstone; incense; port-fire; fire-barrel, fireball,
brand; amadou[obs3], bavin[obs3]; blind coal, glance
coal; German tinder, pyrotechnic sponge, punk, smudge
[U. S.]; solid fueled rocket.
[fuels for candles and
lamps] wax, paraffin wax, paraffin oil; lamp
oil, whale oil.
[liquid fuels] oil,
petroleum, gasoline, high octane gasoline,
nitromethane[ISA:CHEMSUB@fuel], petrol, gas, juice
[coll.], gasohol, alcohol, ethanol, methanol, fuel
oil, kerosene, jet fuel, heating oil, number 2 oil,
number 4 oil, naphtha; rocket fuel, high specific impulse
fuel, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, lox.
[gaseous fuels] natural
gas, synthetic gas, synthesis gas, propane,
butane, hydrogen.
brand, torch, fuse;
wick; spill, match, light, lucifer,
congreve[obs3], vesuvian, vesta[obs3], fusee, locofoco[obs3];
linstock[obs3].
candle &c. (luminary)
423; oil &c. (grease) 356.
Adj. carbonaceous; combustible,
inflammable; high octane, high
specific impulse; heat of combustion,.
#388a. Insulation,
Fire extinction. {ant. of 388} — insulation,
incombustible material, noncombustible material; fire
retardant, flame retardant; fire wall, fire door.
incombustibility, incombustibleness
&c. adj.
extincteur[Fr]; fire
annihilator; amianth[obs3], amianthus[obs3];
— p. 111 —
#389. Thermometer.
— N. thermometer, thermometrograph[obs3],
mercury
thermometer, alcohol thermometer, clinical thermometer,
dry-bulb thermometer, wet-bulb thermometer, Anschutz
thermometer[Ger], gas thermometer, telethermometer;
color-changing temperature indicator; thermopile,
thermoscope[obs3]; pyrometer, calorimeter, bomb calorimeter;
thermistor, thermocouple.
[temperature-control
devices] thermostat, thermoregulator.
% (3) Taste %
#390. Taste. —
N. taste, flavor, gust, gusto, savor; gout, relish;
sapor|, sapidity[obs3]; twang, smack, smatch| [obs3];
aftertaste, tang.
tasting; degustation,
gustation.
palate, tongue, tooth,
stomach.
V. taste, savor, smatch[obs3],
smack, flavor, twang; tickle the palate
&c. (savory) 394; smack the lips.
Adj. sapid, saporific[obs3];
gustable|, gustatory; gustful[obs3];
strong, gamy; palatable &c. 394.
#391. Insipidity.
— N. insipidity, blandness; tastelessness
&c. adj.
V. be tasteless &c.
adj.
Adj. bland, void of
taste &c. 390; insipid; tasteless, gustless|,
savorless; ingustible|, mawkish, milk and water, weak,
stale, flat, vapid, fade, wishy-washy, mild; untasted[obs3].
#392. Pungency.
— N. pungency, piquance, piquancy, poignancy
haut-
gout, strong taste, twang, race.
sharpness &c. adj.;
acrimony; roughness &c. (sour) 392; unsavoriness
&c. 395.
mustard, cayenne, caviare;
seasoning &c. (condiment) 393; niter,
saltpeter, brine (saltiness) 392a; carbonate of ammonia;
sal ammoniac[obs3], sal volatile, smelling salts;
hartshorn (acridity) 401a.
dram, cordial, nip.
nicotine, tobacco, snuff,
quid, smoke; segar[obs3]; cigar, cigarette;
weed; fragrant weed, Indian weed; Cavendish, fid[obs3],
negro head, old soldier, rappee[obs3], stogy[obs3].
V. be pungent &c. adj.;
bite the tongue.
#392a. Saltiness.
— N. saltiness.
niter, saltpeter, brine.
Adj. salty, salt, saline,
brackish, briny; salty as brine, salty as a
herring, salty as Lot’s wife.
salty, racy (indecent)
961.
Phr. take it with a
grain of salt.
#392b. Bitterness
— N. bitterness, acridness[obs3], acridity,
acrimony; caustic, alkali; acerbity; gall, wormwood;
bitters, astringent bitters.
[additive for alcoholic
beverages]Angostura aromatic bitters.
sourness &c. 397; pungency
&c. 392.
[bitter substances]
alkaloids; turmeric.
Adj. bitter, bitterish,
acrid, acerb, acerbic.
Phr. bitter as gall;
bitter pill to take; sugar coating on a bitter
pill.
#393. Condiment.
— N. condiment, seasoning, sauce, spice,
relish,
appetizer.
[exlist] salt; mustard,
grey poupon mustard; pepper, black pepper,
white pepper, peppercorn, curry, sauce piquante[Fr];
caviare, onion, garlic, pickle; achar[obs3], allspice;
bell pepper, Jamaica pepper, green pepper; chutney;
cubeb[obs3], pimento.
[capsicum peppers] capsicum,
red pepper, chili peppers, cayenne.
nutmeg, mace, cinnamon,
oregano, cloves, fennel.
[herbs] pot herbs, parsley,
sage, rosemary, thyme, bay leaves,
marjoram.
[fragrant woods and
gums] frankincense, balm, myrrh.
[from pods] paprika.
[from flower stigmas]
saffron.
[from roots] ginger,
turmeric.
V. season, spice, flavor,
spice up &c. (render pungent) 392.
#394. Savoriness.
— N. savoriness &c. adj.; good taste,
deliciousness, delectability.
relish, zest; appetizer.
tidbit, titbit[obs3],
dainty, delicacy, tasty morsel; appetizer, hors
d’ouvres[Fr.]; ambrosia, nectar, bonne-bouche[Fr];
game, turtle, venison; delicatessen.
V. be savory &c. adj.;
tickle the palate, tickle the appetite; flatter
the palate.
render palatable &c.
adj.
relish, like, smack
the lips.
Adj. savory, delicious,
tasty, well-tasted, to one’s taste, good,
palatable, nice, dainty, delectable; toothful[obs3],
toothsome; gustful[obs3], appetizing, lickerish[obs3],
delicate, exquisite, rich, luscious, ambrosial, scrumptious,
delightful.
Adv. per amusare la
bocca
Phr[It]. cela se laisse
manger[Fr].
— p. 112 —
#395. Unsavoriness.
— N. unsavoriness &c. adj.; amaritude[obs3];
acrimony, acridity (bitterness) 392b; roughness &c.
(sour) 397; acerbity, austerity; gall and wormwood,
rue, quassia[obs3], aloes; marah[obs3]; sickener[obs3].
V. be unpalatable &c.
adj.; sicken, disgust, nauseate, pall, turn the
stomach.
Adj. unsavory, unpalatable,
unsweetened, unsweet[obs3]; ill-flavored;
bitter, bitter as gall; acrid, acrimonious; rough.
offensive, repulsive,
nasty; sickening &c. v.; nauseous; loathsome,
fulsome; unpleasant &c. 830.
#396. Sweetness.
— N. sweetness, dulcitude[obs3].
sugar, syrup, treacle,
molasses, honey, manna; confection,
confectionary; sweets, grocery, conserve, preserve,
confiture[obs3], jam, julep; sugar-candy, sugar-plum;
licorice, marmalade, plum, lollipop, bonbon, jujube,
comfit, sweetmeat; apple butter, caramel, damson, glucose;
maple sirup[obs3], maple syrup, maple sugar; mithai[obs3],
sorghum, taffy.
nectar; hydromel[obs3],
mead, meade[obs3], metheglin[obs3],
honeysuckle, liqueur, sweet wine, aperitif.
[sources of sugar] sugar
cane, sugar beets.
[sweet foods] desert,
pastry, pie, cake, candy, ice cream, tart, puff,
pudding (food) 298.
dulcification|, dulcoration|.
sweetener, corn syrup,
cane sugar, refined sugar, beet sugar,
dextrose; artificial sweetener, saccharin, cyclamate,
aspartame, Sweet’N Low.
V. be sweet &c. adj.
render sweet &c. adj.;
sweeten; edulcorate[obs3]; dulcorate|,
dulcify|; candy; mull. Adj. sweet; saccharine,
sacchariferous[obs3]; dulcet, candied, honied[obs3],
luscious, lush, nectarious[obs3], melliferous[obs3];
sweetened &c. v.
sweet as a nut, sweet
as sugar, sweet as honey.
sickly sweet.
Phr. eau sucre[Fr];
“sweets to the sweet” [Hamlet].
#397. Sourness.
— N. sourness &c. adj.; acid, acidity, low
pH;
acetous fermentation, lactic fermentation.
vinegar, verjuice[obs3],
crab, alum; acetic acid, lactic acid.
V. be sour; sour, turn
sour &c. adj.; set the teeth on edge.
render sour &c. adj.;
acidify, acidulate.
Adj. sour; acid, acidulous,
acidulated; tart, crabbed; acetous,
acetose[obs3]; acerb, acetic; sour as vinegar, sourish,
acescent[obs3], subacid[Chem]; styptic, hard, rough.
Phr. sour as a lemon.
% (4) Odor %
#398. Odor. —
N. odor, smell, odorament|, scent, effluvium;
emanation, exhalation; fume, essence, trail, nidor|,
redolence.
sense of smell; scent;
act of smelling &c. v.; olfaction,
olfactories[obs3].
[pleasant odor] fragrance
&c. 400.
odorant.
[animal with acute sense
of smell] bloodhound, hound.
[smell detected by a
hound] spoor.
V. have an odor &c.
n.; smell, smell of, smell strong of; exhale; give
out a smell &c. n.; reek, reek of; scent.
smell, scent; snuff,
snuff up; sniff, nose, inhale.
Adj. odorous, odoriferous;
smelling, reeking, foul-smelling, strong-
scented; redolent, graveolent[obs3], nidorous[obs3],
pungent; putrid, foul.
[Relating to the sense
of smell] olfactory, quick-scented.
#399. Inodorousness.—
N. inodorousness[obs3]; absence of smell, want
of smell.
deodorant, deodorization,
deodorizer.
V. be inodorous &c.
adj[obs3].; not smell.
deodorize.
Adj. inodorous[obs3],
onodorate; scentless; without smell, wanting
smell &c. 398.
deodorized, deodorizing.
#400. Fragrance.
— N. fragrance, aroma, redolence, perfume,
bouquet,
essence, scent; sweet smell, aromatic perfume.
agalloch[obs3], agallochium[obs3];
aloes wood; bay rum;
calambac[obs3], calambour[obs3]; champak[obs3], horehound[ISA:plant@mint],
lign-aloes[obs3], marrubium[obs3], mint, muskrat, napha
water[obs3], olibanum[obs3], spirit of myrcia[obs3].
essential oil.
incense; musk, frankincense;
pastil[obs3], pastille; myrrh, perfumes
of Arabia[obs3]; otto[obs3], ottar[obs3], attar; bergamot,
balm, civet, potpourri, pulvil|; nosegay; scentbag[obs3];
sachet, smelling bottle, vinaigrette; eau de Cologne[Fr],
toilet water, lotion, after-shave lotion; thurification[obs3].
perfumer.
[fragrant wood oils]
eucalyptus oil, pinene.
V. be fragrant &c. adj.;
have a perfume &c. n.; smell sweet.
scent[render fragrant],
perfume, embalm.
Adj. fragrant, aromatic,
redolent, spicy, savory, balmy, scented,
sweet-smelling, sweet-scented; perfumed, perfumatory[obs3];
thuriferous; fragrant as a rose, muscadine[obs3],
ambrosial.
#401. Fetor. —
N. fetor[obs3]; bad &c. adj. smell, bad odor; stench,
stink; foul odor, malodor; empyreuma[obs3]; mustiness
&c. adj.; rancidity; foulness &c. (uncleanness) 653.
stoat, polecat, skunk;
assafoetida[obs3]; fungus, garlic; stinkpot;
fitchet[obs3], fitchew[obs3], fourmart[obs3], peccary.
acridity &c. 401a.
V. have a bad smell
&c. n.; smell; stink, stink in the nostrils, stink
like a polecat; smell strong &c. adj., smell offensively.
Adj. fetid; strong-smelling;
high, bad, strong, fulsome, offensive,
noisome, rank, rancid, reasty[obs3], tainted, musty,
fusty, frouzy[obs3]; olid[obs3], olidous|; nidorous[obs3];
smelling, stinking; putrid &c. 653; suffocating, mephitic;
empyreumatic[obs3].
#401a. Acridity
— N. acridity, astringency, bite.
[acrid substances] tear
gas; smoke, acrid fumes.
Adj. acrid, biting,
astringent, sharp, harsh; bitter &c. 392b.
— p. 113 — % (5) Sound
(i) SOUND IN GENERAL %
#402. Sound. —
N. sound, noise, strain; accent, twang, intonation,
tone; cadence; sonorousness &c. adj.; audibility;
resonance &c. 408; voice &c. 580; aspirate; ideophone[obs3];
rough breathing.
[Science, of sound]
acoustics; phonics, phonetics, phonology,
phonography[obs3]; diacoustics[obs3], diaphonics[obs3];
phonetism[obs3].
V. produce sound; sound,
make a noise; give out sound, emit sound;
resound &c. 408.
Adj. sounding; soniferous[obs3];
sonorous, sonorific[obs3]; resonant,
audible, distinct; stertorous; phonetic; phonic, phonocamptic[obs3].
Phr. “a thousand
trills and quivering sounds” [Addison]; forensis
strepitus[Lat].
#403. Silence.
— N. silence; stillness &c. (quiet) 265;
peace, hush,
lull; muteness &c. 581; solemn silence, awful silence,
dead silence, deathlike silence.
V. be silent &c. adj.;
hold one’s tongue &c. (not speak) 585.
render silent &c. adj.;
silence, still, hush; stifle, muffle, stop;
muzzle, put to silence &c. (render mute) 581.
Adj. silent; still,
stilly; noiseless, soundless; hushed &c. v.; mute
&c. 581.
soft, solemn, awful,
deathlike, silent as the grave; inaudible &c.
(faint) 405.
Adv. silently &c. adj.;
sub silentio[Lat].
Int. hush! silence!
soft! whist! tush! chut[obs3]! tut! pax[Lat]! be
quiet! be silent! be still! shut up![rude]; chup[obs3]!
chup rao[obs3]! tace[It]!
Phr. one might hear
a feather drop, one might hear a pin drop, so
quiet you could hear a pin drop; grosse Seelen dulden
still [German]; le silence est la vertu de ceux qui
ne sont pas sages [French]; le silence est le parti
le plus sar de celui se dfie de soi-meme[French];
“silence more musical than any song”
[C. G. Rossetti]; tacent satis laudant[Latin];
better to be silent and thought a fool than to speak
up and remove all doubt.
#404. Loudness.—
N. loudness, power; loud noise, din; blare; clang,
clangor; clatter, noise, bombilation[obs3], roar,
uproar, racket, hubbub, bobbery[obs3], fracas, charivari[obs3],
trumpet blast, flourish of trumpets, fanfare, tintamarre[obs3],
peal, swell, blast, larum[obs3], boom; bang (explosion)
406; resonance &c. 408.
vociferation, hullabaloo,
&c. 411; lungs; Stentor.
artillery, cannon; thunder.
V. be loud &c. adj.;
peal, swell, clang, boom, thunder, blare,
fulminate, roar; resound &c. 408. speak up, shout
&c. (vociferate) 411; bellow &c. (cry as an animal)
412.
rend the air, rend the
skies; fill the air; din in the ear, ring in
the ear, thunder in the ear; pierce the ears, split
the ears, rend the ears, split the head; deafen, stun;
faire le diable a quatre[Fr]; make one’s windows
shake, rattle the windows; awaken the echoes, startle
the echoes; wake the dead.
Adj. loud, sonorous;
high-sounding, big-sounding; deep, full,
powerful, noisy, blatant, clangorous, multisonous[obs3];
thundering, deafening &c. v; trumpet-tongued; ear-splitting,
ear-rending, ear-deafening; piercing; obstreperous,
rackety, uproarious; enough to wake the dead, enough
to wake seven sleepers.
shrill &c. 410 clamorous
&c. (vociferous) 411 stentorian,
stentorophonic|.
Adv. loudly &c. adj.
aloud; at the top of one’s voice, at the top
of
one’s lungs, lustily, in full cry.
Phr. the air rings with;
“the deep dread-bolted thunder” [Lear].
#405. Faintness.
— N. faintness &c. adj.; faint sound, whisper,
breath; undertone, underbreath[obs3]; murmur, hum,
susurration; tinkle; “still small voice.”
hoarseness &c. adj.;
raucity[obs3].
V. whisper, breathe,
murmur, purl, hum, gurgle, ripple, babble, flow;
tinkle; mutter &c. (speak imperfectly) 583; susurrate[obs3].
steal on the ear; melt
in the air, float on the air.
Adj. inaudible; scarcely
audible, just audible; low, dull; stifled,
muffled; hoarse, husky; gentle, soft, faint; floating;
purling, flowing &c. v.; whispered &c. v.; liquid;
soothing; dulcet &c. (melodious) 413; susurrant[obs3],
susurrous[obs3].
Adv. in a whisper, with
bated breath, sotto voce[Lat], between the
teeth, aside; piano, pianissimo; d la sourdine[obs3];
out of earshot inaudibly &c. adj.
— p. 114 — % (ii) SPECIFIC SOUNDS %
#406. [Sudden and violent
sounds.] Snap. — N. snap &c. v.; rapping
&c. v.; decrepitation, crepitation; report, thud;
burst, explosion, blast, boom, discharge, detonation,
firing, salvo, volley.
squib, cracker, firecracker,
cherry bomb, M80, gun, cap, cap gun,
popgun.
implosion.
bomb burst, atomic explosion,
nuclear explosion (arms) 727.
[explosive substances]
gunpowder, dynamite, gun cotton,
nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, plastic explosive,
plastique, TNT, cordite, trinitrotoluene, picric acid,
picrates, mercury fulminate (arms) 727.
whack, wham, pow.
V. rap, snap, tap, knock,
ping; click; clash; crack, crackle; crash;
pop; slam, bang, blast, boom, clap, clang, clack,
whack, wham; brustle[obs3]; burst on the ear; crepitate,
rump.
blow up, blow; detonate.
Adj. rapping &c. v.
Int. kaboom! whamo!
Heewhack! pow!
#407. [Repeated and
protracted sounds.] Roll. — N. roll &c.
v.;
drumming &c. v.; berloque[obs3], bombination[obs3],
rumbling; tattoo, drumroll; dingdong; tantara[obs3];
rataplan[obs3]; whirr; ratatat, ratatat-tat; rubadub;
pitapat; quaver, clutter, charivari[obs3], racket;
cuckoo; repetition &c. 104; peal of bells, devil’s
tattoo; reverberation &c. 408.
[sound of railroad train
rolling on rails] clickety-clack.
hum, purr.
[animals that hum] hummingbird.
[animals that purr]
cat, kitten (animal sounds) 412.
V. roll, drum, rumble,
rattle, clatter, patter, clack;
bombinate[obs3].
hum, trill, shake; chime,
peal, toll; tick, beat.
drum in the ear, din
in the ear.
Adj. rolling &c. v.;
monotonous &c. (repeated) 104; like a bee in a
bottle.
— resonance here covers 3 sound qualities; echo, low note, and ringing. They should be separated. The physical science meanings must also be listed separately —
#408. Resonance.
— N. resonance; ring &c. v.; ringing,
tintinabulation &c. v.; reflexion[Brit], reflection,
reverberation; echo, reecho; zap, zot[coll.]; buzz
(hiss) 409.
low note, base note,
bass note, flat note, grave note, deep note;
bass; basso, basso profondo[It]; baritone, barytone[obs3];
contralto.
[device to cause resonance]
echo chamber, resonator.
[ringing in the ears]
tinnitus[Med].
[devices which make
a resonating sound] bell, doorbell, buzzer; gong,
cymbals (musical instruments) 417.
[physical resonance]
sympathetic vibrations; natural frequency,
coupled vibration frequency; overtone; resonating
cavity; sounding board, tuning fork.
[electrical resonance]
tuning, squelch, frequency selection;
resonator, resonator circuit; radio &c. @2.3.1.6.8.
[chemical resonance]
resonant structure, aromaticity, alternating
double bonds, non-bonded resonance; pi clouds, unsaturation,
double bond (valence) @2.3.2.2.
V. resound, reverberate,
reecho, resonate; ring, jingle, gingle[obs3],
chink, clink; tink[obs3], tinkle; chime; gurgle &c.
405 plash, goggle, echo, ring in the ear.
Adj. resounding &c.
v.; resonant, reverberant, tinnient|,
tintinnabulary; sonorous, booming, deep-toned, deep-sounding,
deep-mouthed, vibrant; hollow, sepulchral; gruff &c.
(harsh) 410.
Phr. “sweet bells
jangled, out of time and harsh” [Hamlet]; echoing
down the mountain and through the dell.
#408a. Nonresonance[obs3].
— N. thud, thump, dead sound;
nonresonance[obs3]; muffled drums, cracked bell; damper;
silencer.
V. sound dead; stop
the sound, damp the sound, deaden the sound,
deaden the reverberations, dampen the reverberations.
Adj. nonresonant[obs3],
dead; dampened, muffled.
— “sibilation” includes
hissing and buzzing —
#409. [Hissing sounds.]
Sibilation. — N. sibilance, sibilation;
zip;
hiss &c. v.; sternutation; high note &c. 410.
[animals that hiss]
goose, serpent, snake (animal sounds) 412.
[animals that buzz]
insect, bug; bee, mosquito, wasp, fly.
[inanimate things that
hiss] tea kettle, pressure cooker; air valve,
pressure release valve, safety valve, tires, air escaping
from tires,
punctured tire; escaping steam, steam, steam radiator,
steam release valve.
V. hiss, buzz, whiz,
rustle; fizz, fizzle; wheeze, whistle, snuffle;
squash; sneeze; sizzle, swish.
Adj. sibilant; hissing
&c. v.; wheezy; sternutative[obs3].
#410. [Harsh sounds.]
Stridor. — N. creak &c. v.; creaking &c.
v.;
discord, &c. 414; stridor; roughness, sharpness, &c.
adj.; cacophony; cacoepy[obs3].
acute note, high note;
soprano, treble, tenor, alto, falsetto, penny
trumpet, voce di testa[It].
V. creak, grate, jar,
burr, pipe, twang, jangle, clank, clink; scream
&c. (cry) 411; yelp &c. (animal sound) 412; buzz &c.
— p. 115 —
#411. Cry. —
N. cry &c. v.; voice &c. (human) 580; hubbub; bark
&c.
(animal) 412.
vociferation, outcry,
hullabaloo, chorus, clamor, hue and cry, plaint;
lungs; stentor.
V. cry, roar, shout,
bawl, brawl, halloo, halloa, hoop, whoop, yell,
bellow, howl, scream, screech, screak[obs3], shriek,
shrill, squeak, squeal, squall, whine, pule, pipe,
yaup[obs3].
cheer; hoot; grumble,
moan, groan.
snore, snort; grunt &c. (animal sounds) 412.
vociferate; raise up
the voice, lift up the voice; call out, sing out,
cry out; exclaim; rend the air; thunder at the top
of one’s voice, shout at the top of one’s
voice, shout at the pitch of one’s breath, thunder
at the pitch of one’s breath; s’gosiller;
strain the throat, strain the voice, strain the lungs;
give a cry &c.
Adj. crying &c. v.;
clamant[obs3], clamorous; vociferous; stentorian
&c. (loud) 404; open-mouthed.
#412. [Animal sounds.]
Ululation. — N. cry &c. v.; crying &c. v.;
bowwow, ululation, latration[obs3], belling; reboation[obs3];
wood-note; insect cry, fritiniancy|, drone; screech
owl; cuckoo.
wailing (lamentation)
839.
V. cry, roar, bellow,
blare, rebellow[obs3]; growl, snarl.
[specific animal sounds]
bark [dog, seal]; bow-wow, yelp [dog]; bay,
bay at the moon [dog, wolf]; yap, yip, yipe, growl,
yarr|, yawl, snarl, howl [dog, wolf]; grunt, gruntle[obs3];
snort [pig, hog, swine, horse]; squeak [swine, mouse];
neigh, whinny [horse]; bray [donkey, mule, hinny,
ass]; mew, mewl [kitten]; meow [cat]; purr [cat]; caterwaul,
pule [cats]; baa[obs3], bleat [lamb]; low, moo [cow,
cattle]; troat[obs3], croak, peep [frog]; coo [dove,
pigeon]; gobble [turkeys]; quack [duck]; honk, gaggle,
guggle [obs3][goose]; crow, caw, squawk, screech, [crow];
cackle, cluck, clack [hen, rooster, poultry]; chuck,
chuckle; hoot, hoo [owl]; chirp, cheep, chirrup, twitter,
cuckoo, warble, trill, tweet, pipe, whistle [small
birds]; hum [insects, hummingbird]; buzz [flying insects,
bugs]; hiss [snakes, geese]; blatter[obs3]; ratatat
[woodpecker].
Adj. crying &c. v.;
blatant, latrant[obs3], remugient[obs3],
mugient[obs3]; deep-mouthed, full-mouthed; rebellowing[obs3],
reboant[obs3].
Adv. in full cry.
%
(iii) MUSICAL SOUNDS
%
#413. Melody.
Concord. — N. melody, rhythm, measure; rhyme
&c.(poetry) 597.
pitch, timbre, intonation,
tone.
scale, gamut; diapason;
diatonic chromatic scale[obs3], enharmonic
scale[obs3]; key, clef, chords.
modulation, temperament,
syncope, syncopation, preparation,
suspension, resolution.
staff, stave, line,
space, brace; bar, rest; appoggiato[obs3],
appoggiatura[obs3]; acciaccatura[obs3].
note, musical note,
notes of a scale; sharp, flat, natural; high note
&c.(shrillness) 410; low note &c. 408; interval; semitone;
second, third, fourth &c.; diatessaron[obs3].
breve, semibreve[Mus],
minim, crotchet, quaver; semiquaver,
demisemiquaver, hemidemisemiquaver; sustained note,
drone, burden.
tonic; key note, leading
note, fundamental note; supertonic[obs3],
mediant[obs3], dominant; submediant[obs3], subdominant[obs3];
octave, tetrachord[obs3]; major key, minor key, major
scale, minor scale, major mode, minor mode; passage,
phrase.
concord, harmony; emmeleia[obs3];
unison, unisonance[obs3]; chime,
homophony; euphony, euphonism[obs3]; tonality; consonance;
consent; part.
[Science of harmony]
harmony, harmonics; thorough-bass, fundamental-
bass; counterpoint; faburden[obs3].
piece of music &c. 415[Fr];
composer, harmonist[obs3], contrapuntist
(musician) 416.
V. be harmonious &c.
adj.; harmonize, chime, symphonize[obs3],
transpose; put in tune, tune, accord, string.
Adj. harmonious, harmonical[obs3];
in concord &c. n., in tune, in
concert; unisonant[obs3], concentual[obs3], symphonizing[obs3],
isotonic, homophonous[obs3], assonant; ariose[obs3],
consonant.
measured, rhythmical,
diatonic[obs3], chromatic, enharmonic[obs3].
melodious, musical;
melic[obs3]; tuneful, tunable; sweet, dulcet,
canorous[obs3]; mellow, mellifluous; soft, clear,
clear as a bell; silvery; euphonious, euphonic, euphonical[obs3];
symphonious; enchanting &c. (pleasure-giving) 829;
fine-toned, full-toned, silver-toned.
Adv. harmoniously, in
harmony; as one &c. adj.
Phr. “the hidden
soul of harmony” [Milton].
#414. Discord.
— N. discord, discordance; dissonance, cacophony,
want of harmony, caterwauling; harshness &c. 410.
Babel[Confused sounds]; Dutch concert, cat’s
concert; marrowbones and cleavers.
V. be discordant &c.
adj.; jar &c. (sound harshly) 410.
Adj. discordant; dissonant,
absonant[obs3]; out of tune, tuneless;
unmusical, untunable[obs3]; unmelodious, immelodious[obs3];
unharmonious[obs3], inharmonious; singsong; cacophonous;
harsh &c. 410; jarring.
— p. 116 —
#415. Music. —
N. music; concert; strain, tune, air; melody &c. 413;
aria, arietta[obs3]; piece of music[Fr], work, number,
opus; sonata; rondo, rondeau[Fr]; pastorale, cavatina[obs3],
roulade[obs3], fantasia, concerto, overture, symphony,
variations, cadenza; cadence; fugue, canon, quodlibet,
serenade, notturno [Italian], dithyramb; opera, operetta;
oratorio; composition, movement; stave; passamezzo
[obs3][Italian], toccata, Vorspiel [German].
instrumental music;
full score; minstrelsy, tweedledum and tweedledee,
band, orchestra; concerted piece[Fr], potpourri, capriccio.
vocal music, vocalism[obs3];
chaunt, chant; psalm, psalmody; hymn;
song &c. (poem) 597; canticle, canzonet[obs3], cantata,
bravura, lay, ballad, ditty, carol, pastoral, recitative,
recitativo[obs3], solfeggio[obs3].
Lydian measures; slow
music, slow movement; adagio &c. adv.; minuet;
siren strains, soft music, lullaby; dump; dirge &c.
(lament) 839; pibroch[obs3]; martial music, march;
dance music; waltz &c. (dance) 840.
solo, duet, duo, trio;
quartet, quartett[obs3]; septett[obs3]; part
song, descant, glee, madrigal, catch, round, chorus,
chorale; antiphon[obs3], antiphony; accompaniment,
second, bass; score; bourdon[obs3], drone, morceau[obs3],
terzetto[obs3].
composer &c. 413; musician
&c. 416.
V. compose, perform
&c. 416; attune.
Adj. musical; instrumental,
vocal, choral, lyric, operatic; harmonious
&c. 413; Wagnerian.
Adv. adagio; largo,
larghetto, andante, andantino[obs3]; alla
capella[It][obs3]; maestoso[obs3], moderato; allegro,
allegretto; spiritoso[obs3], vivace[obs3], veloce[obs3];
presto, prestissimo[obs3]; con brio; capriccioso[obs3];
scherzo, scherzando[obs3]; legato, staccato, crescendo,
diminuendo, rallentando[obs3], affettuoso[obs3]; obbligato;
pizzicato; desto[obs3].
Phr. “in notes
by distance made more sweet” [Collins]; “like
the
faint exquisite music of a dream” [Moore]; “music
arose with its voluptuous swell” [Byron]; “music
is the universal language of mankind” [Longfellow];
“music’s golden tongue” [Keats];
“the speech of angels” [Carlyle]; “will
sing the savageness out of a bear” [Othello];
music hath charms to soothe the savage beast.
#416. Musician.
[Performance of Music.] — N. musician, artiste,
performer, player, minstrel; bard &c. (poet) 597;
[specific types of musicians]
accompanist, accordionist,
instrumentalist, organist, pianist, violinist, flautist;
harper, fiddler, fifer[obs3], trumpeter, piper, drummer;
catgut scraper.
band, orchestral waits.
vocalist, melodist;
singer, warbler; songster, chaunter[obs3],
chauntress[obs3], songstress; cantatrice[obs3].
choir, quire, chorister;
chorus, chorus singer; liedertafel[Ger].
nightingale, philomel[obs3],
thrush; siren; bulbul, mavis; Pierides;
sacred nine; Orpheus, Apollo[obs3], the Muses Erato,
Euterpe, Terpsichore; tuneful nine, tuneful quire.
— p. 117 —
#417. Musical Instruments.
— N. musical instruments; band; string-
band, brass-band; orchestra; orchestrina[obs3].
monochord[obs3][Stringed
instruments], polychord[obs3]; harp, lyre,
lute, archlute[obs3]; mandola[obs3], mandolin, mandoline[obs3];
guitar; zither; cither[obs3], cithern[obs3]; gittern[obs3],
rebeck[obs3], bandurria[obs3], bandura, banjo; bina[obs3],
vina[obs3]; xanorphica[obs3].
viol, violin; fiddle,
kit; viola, viola d’amore[Fr], viola di
gamba[It]; tenor, cremona, violoncello, bass; bass
viol, base viol; theorbo[obs3], double base, contrabasso[obs3],
violone[obs3], psaltery; bow, fiddlestick[obs3].
piano, pianoforte; harpsichord,
clavichord, clarichord[obs3],
manichord[obs3]; clavier, spinet, virginals, dulcimer,
hurdy-gurdy, vielle[obs3], pianino[obs3], Eolian harp.
organ[Wind instruments];
harmonium, harmoniphon[obs3]; American
organ[obs3], barrel organ, hand organ; accordion,
seraphina[obs3], concertina; humming top.
flute, fife, piccolo,
flageolet; clarinet, claronet[obs3]; basset
horn, corno di bassetto[obs3], oboe, hautboy, cor
Anglais[Fr], corno Inglese[obs3], bassoon, double
bassoon, contrafagotto[obs3], serpent, bass clarinet;
bagpipes, union pipes; musette, ocarina, Pandean pipes;
reed instrument; sirene[obs3], pipe, pitch-pipe; sourdet[obs3];
whistle, catcall; doodlesack[obs3], harmoniphone[obs3].
horn, bugle, cornet,
cornet-a-pistons, cornopean|, clarion, trumpet,
trombone, ophicleide[obs3]; French horn, saxophone,
sax [informal], buglehorn[obs3], saxhorn, flugelhorn[obs3],
althorn[obs3], helicanhorn[obs3], posthorn[obs3];
sackbut, euphonium, bombardon tuba[obs3].
[Vibrating surfaces]
cymbal, bell, gong; tambour|!, tambourine,
tamborine[obs3]; drum, tom-tom; tabor, tabret[obs3],
tabourine[obs3], taborin[obs3]; side drum, kettle
drum; timpani, tympani[obs3]; tymbal[obs3], timbrel[obs3],
castanet, bones; musical glasses, musical stones;
harmonica, sounding-board, rattle; tam-tam, zambomba[obs3].
[Vibrating bars] reed,
tuning fork, triangle, Jew’s harp, musical box,
harmonicon[obs3], xylophone.
sordine[obs3], sordet[obs3];
sourdine[obs3], sourdet[obs3]; mute.
%
(iv)
PERCEPTION OF SOUND
%
#418. [Sense of sound.]
Hearing. — N. hearing &c. v.; audition,
auscultation; eavesdropping; audibility.
acute ear, nice ear,
delicate ear, quick ear, sharp ear, correct ear,
musical ear; ear for music.
ear, auricle, lug, acoustic
organs, auditory apparatus; eardrum,
tympanum, tympanic membrane.
[devices to aid human
hearing by amplifying sound] ear trumpet,
speaking trumpet, hearing aid, stethoscope.
[distance within which
direct hearing is possible] earshot, hearing
distance, hearing, hearing range, sound, carrying
distance.
[devices for talking
beyond hearing distance] telephone[exlist],
phone, telephone booth, intercom, house phone, radiotelephone,
radiophone, wireless, wireless telephone, mobile telephone,
car radio, police radio, two-way radio, walkie-talkie[military],
handie-talkie, citizen’s band, CB, amateur radio,
ham radio, short-wave radio, police band, ship-to-shore
radio, airplane radio, control tower communication;
(communication) 525, 527, 529, 531, 532; electronic
devices (POINFO @.2.2.3.1.3.5.3).
[devices for recording
and reproducing recorded sound] phonograph,
gramophone, megaphone, phonorganon[obs3].
[device to convert sound
to electrical signals] microphone,directional
microphone, mike, hand mike, lapel microphone.
[devices to convert
recorded sound to electronic signals] phonograph
needle, stylus, diamond stylus, pickup; reading head
(electronic devices).
hearer, auditor, listener,
eavesdropper, listener-in.
auditory, audience.
[science of hearing]
otology, otorhinolaryngology.
[physicians specializing
in hearing] otologist, otorhinolaryngologist.
V. hear, overhear; hark,
harken; list, listen, pay attention, take
heed; give an ear, lend an ear, bend an ear; catch,
catch a sound, prick up one’s ears; give ear,
give a hearing, give audience to.
hang upon the lips of,
be all ears, listen with both ears.
become audible; meet
the ear, fall upon the ear, catch the ear,
reach the ear; be heard; ring in the ear &c. (resound)
4O8.
Adj. hearing &c. v.;
auditory, auricular, acoustic; phonic.
Adv. arrectis auribus[Lat].
Int. hark, hark ye!
hear! list, listen! O yes! Oyez!
listen up [coll.]; listen
here! hear ye! attention! achtung [German].
#419. Deafness.
— N. deafness, hardness of hearing, surdity|;
inaudibility, inaudibleness[obs3].
V. be deaf &c. adj.;
have no ear; shut one’s ears, stop one’s
ears,
close one’s ears; turn a deaf ear to.
render deaf, stun, deafen.
Adj. deaf, earless[obs3],
surd; hard of hearing, dull of hearing;
deaf-mute, stunned, deafened; stone deaf; deaf as
a post, deaf as an adder, deaf as a beetle, deaf
as a trunkmaker[obs3].
inaudible, out of hearing.
Phr. hear no evil.
— p. 118 —
%
(6)
Light
(i) LIGHT IN GENERAL
%
#420. Light.—
N. light, ray, beam, stream, gleam, streak, pencil;
sunbeam, moonbeam; aurora.
day; sunshine; light
of day, light of heaven; moonlight, starlight,
sun &c. (luminary) 432 light; daylight, broad daylight,
noontide light; noontide, noonday, noonday sun.
glow &c. v.; glimmering
&c. v.; glint; play of light, flood of light;
phosphorescence, lambent flame.
flush, halo, glory,
nimbus, aureola.
spark, scintilla; facula;
sparkling &c. v.; emication|, scintillation,
flash, blaze, coruscation, fulguration[obs3]; flame
&c. (fire) 382; lightning, levin[obs3], ignis fatuus[Lat],
&c. (luminary) 423.
luster, sheen, shimmer,
reflexion[Brit], reflection; gloss, tinsel,
spangle, brightness, brilliancy, splendor; effulgence,
refulgence; fulgor[obs3], fulgidity[obs3]; dazzlement[obs3],
resplendence, transplendency[obs3]; luminousness &c.
adj.; luminosity; lucidity; renitency|, nitency[obs3];
radiance,, radiation; irradiation, illumination.
actinic rays, actinism;
Roentgen-ray, Xray; photography, heliography;
photometer &c. 445.
[Science of light] optics;
photology[obs3], photometry;
dioptrics[obs3], catoptrics[obs3].
[Distribution of light]
chiaroscuro, clairobscur[obs3], clear obscure,
breadth, light and shade, black and white, tonality.
reflection, refraction,
dispersion; refractivity.
V. shine, glow, glitter;
glister, glisten; twinkle, gleam; flare,
flare up; glare, beam, shimmer, glimmer, flicker,
sparkle, scintillate, coruscate, flash, blaze; be
bright &c. adj.; reflect light, daze, dazzle, bedazzle,
radiate, shoot out beams; fulgurate.
clear up, brighten.
lighten, enlighten;
levin[obs3]; light, light up; irradiate, shine
upon; give out a light, hang out a light; cast light
upon, cast light in, throw light upon, throw light
in, shed light upon, shed luster upon; illume[obs3],
illumine, illuminate; relume[obs3], strike a light;
kindle &c. (set fire to) 384.
Adj. shining &c. v.;
luminous, luminiferous[obs3]; lucid, lucent,
luculent[obs3], lucific[obs3], luciferous; light,
lightsome; bright, vivid, splendent[obs3], nitid[obs3],
lustrous, shiny, beamy[obs3], scintillant[obs3], radiant,
lambent; sheen, sheeny; glossy, burnished, glassy,
sunny, orient, meridian; noonday, tide; cloudless,
clear; unclouded, unobscured[obs3].
gairish[obs3], garish;
resplendent, transplendent[obs3]; refulgent,
effulgent; fulgid[obs3], fulgent[obs3]; relucent[obs3],
splendid, blazing, in a blaze, ablaze, rutilant[obs3],
meteoric, phosphorescent; aglow. bright as silver;
light as day, bright as day, light as noonday, bright
as noonday, bright as the sun at noonday. actinic;
photogenic[obs2], graphic; heliographic; heliophagous[obs3].
Phr. “a day for
gods to stoop and men to soar” [Tennyson]; “dark
with excessive bright” [Milton].
#421. Darkness.
— N. darkness &c. adj., absence of light;
blackness
&c. (dark color) 431; obscurity, gloom, murk; dusk
&c. (dimness) 422.
Cimmerian darkness[obs3],
Stygian darkness, Egyptian darkness; night;
midnight; dead of night, witching hour of night, witching
time of night; blind man’s holiday; darkness
visible, darkness that can be felt; palpable obscure;
Erebus[Lat]; “the jaws of darkness” [Midsummer
Night’s Dream]; “sablevested night”
[Milton].
shade, shadow, umbra,
penumbra; sciagraphy[obs3].
obscuration; occultation,
adumbration, obumbration[obs3];
obtenebration[obs3], offuscation|, caligation|; extinction;
eclipse, total eclipse; gathering of the clouds.
shading; distribution
of shade; chiaroscuro &c. (light) 420.
noctivagation[obs3].
[perfectly black objects]
black body; hohlraum[Phys]; black hole; dark
star; dark matter, cold dark matter.
V. be dark &c. adj.
darken, obscure, shade;
dim; tone down, lower; overcast, overshadow;
eclipse; obfuscate, offuscate|; obumbrate[obs3], adumbrate;
cast into the shade becloud, bedim[obs3], bedarken[obs3];
cast a shade, throw a shade, spread a shade, cast
a shadow, cast a gloom, throw a shadow, spread a shadow,
cast gloom, throw gloom, spread gloom.
extinguish; put out,
blow out, snuff out; doubt.
turn out the lights,
douse the lights, dim the lights, turn off the
lights, switch off the lights.
Adj. dark, darksome[obs3],
darkling; obscure, tenebrious[obs3],
sombrous[obs3], pitch dark, pitchy, pitch black; caliginous[obs3];
black &c. (in color) 431.
sunless, lightless &c.
(see sun[obs3], light, &c. 423); somber, dusky;
unilluminated &c. (see illuminate &c. 420)[obs3];
nocturnal; dingy, lurid, gloomy; murky, murksome[obs3];
shady, umbrageous; overcast &c. (dim) 422; cloudy
&c. (opaque) 426; darkened; &c. v.
dark as pitch, dark
as a pit, dark as Erebus[Lat].
benighted; noctivagant!|,
noctivagous!|.
Adv. in the dark, in
the shade.
Phr. “brief as
the lightning in the collied night” [M.
N. D.];
“eldest Night and Chaos, ancestors of Nature”
[P. L.]; “the blackness of the noonday
night” [Longfellow]; “the prayer of Ajax
was for light” [Longfellow].
— p. 119 —
#422. Dimness.
— N. dimness &c. adj.; darkness &c. 421;
paleness &c.
(light color) 429.
half light, demi-jour;
partial shadow, partial eclipse; shadow of a
shade; glimmer, gliming[obs3]; nebulosity; cloud &c.
353; eclipse.
aurora, dusk, twilight,
shades of evening, crepuscule, cockshut time|;
break of day, daybreak, dawn.
moonlight, moonbeam,
moonglade[obs3], moonshine; starlight, owl’s
light, candlelight, rushlight, firelight; farthing
candle.
V. be dim, grow dim
&c. adj.; flicker, twinkle, glimmer; loom, lower;
fade; pale, pale its ineffectual fire [Hamlet].
#423. [Source of light,
self-luminous body.] Luminary. — N. luminary;
light &c. 420; flame &c. (fire) 382. spark, scintilla;
phosphorescence, fluorescence.
sun, orb of day, Phoebus,
Apollo[obs3], Aurora; star, orb; meteor,
falling star, shooting star; blazing star, dog star,
Sirius; canicula, Aldebaran[obs3]; constellation,
galaxy; zodiacal light; anthelion[obs3]; day star,
morning star; Lucifer; mock sun, parhelion; phosphor,
phosphorus; sun dog|!; Venus.
aurora, polar lights;
northern lights, aurora borealis; southern
lights, aurora australis.
lightning; chain lightning,
fork lightning, sheet lightning, summer
lightning; ball lightning, kugelblitz [German];
[chemical substances
giving off light without burning] phosphorus,
yellow phosphorus; scintillator, phosphor; firefly
luminescence.
ignis fatuus[Lat]; Jack
o’lantern, Friar’s lantern; will-o’-the-wisp,
firedrake[obs3], Fata Morgana[Lat]; Saint Elmo’s
fire.
[luminous insects] glowworm,
firefly, June bug, lightning bug.
[luminous fish] anglerfish.
[Artificial light] gas;
gas light, lime light, lantern,
lanthorn[obs3]; dark lantern, bull’s-eye; candle,
bougie[Fr], taper, rushlight; oil &c. (grease) 356;
wick, burner; Argand[obs3], moderator, duplex; torch,
flambeau, link, brand; gaselier[obs3], chandelier,
electrolier[obs3], candelabrum, candelabra, girandole[obs3],
sconce, luster, candlestick.
[non-combustion based
light sources] lamp, light; incandescent lamp,
tungsten bulb, light bulb; flashlight, torch[Brit];
arc light; laser; maser [microwave radiation]; neon
bulb, neon sign; fluorescent lamp.
[parts of a light bulb]
filament; socket; contacts; filler gas.
firework, fizgig[obs3];
pyrotechnics; rocket, lighthouse &c. (signal)
550.
V. illuminate &c. (light)
420.
Adj. self-luminous,
glowing; phosphoric|!, phosphorescent,
fluorescent; incandescent; luminescent, chemiluminescent;
radiant &c. (light) 420.
Phr. “blossomed
the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the angels”
[Longfellow]; “the sentinel stars set their
watch in the sky” [Campbell]; “the planets
in their station list’ning stood” [Paradise
Lost]; “the Scriptures of the skies” [Bailey];
“that orbed continent, the fire that severs
day from night” [Twelfth Night].
#424. Shade. —
N. shade; awning &c. (cover) 223; parasol, sunshade,
umbrella; chick; portiere; screen, curtain, shutter,
blind, gauze, veil, chador, mantle, mask; cloud, mist,
gathering. of clouds.
umbrage, glade; shadow
&c. 421.
beach umbrella, folding
umbrella.
V. draw a curtain; put
up a shutter, close a shutter; veil &c. v.;
cast a shadow &c. (darken) 421.
Adj. shady, umbrageous.
Phr. “welcome
ye shades! ye bowery thickets hail” [Thomson].
#425. Transparency.
— N. transparence, transparency; clarity;
translucence, translucency; diaphaneity[obs3]; lucidity,
pellucidity[obs3], limpidity; fluorescence; transillumination,
translumination[obs3]. transparent medium, glass,
crystal, lymph, vitrite[obs3], water.
V. be transparent &c.
adj.; transmit light.
Adj. transparent, pellucid,
lucid, diaphanous, translucent,
tralucent|, relucent[obs3]; limpid, clear, serene,
crystalline, clear as crystal, vitreous, transpicuous[obs3],
glassy, hyaline; hyaloid[Med], vitreform[obs3].
#426. Opacity.—
N. opacity; opaqueness &c. adj.
film; cloud &c. 353.
V. be opaque &c. adj.;
obstruct the passage of light; obfuscate,
offuscate|.
Adj. opaque, impervious
to light; adiaphanous[obs3]; dim &c. 422;
turbid, thick, muddy, opacous|, obfuscated, fuliginous[obs3],
cloud, hazy, misty, foggy, vaporous, nubiferous[obs3],
muggy|| (turbidity) 426a.
smoky, fumid[obs3],
murky, dirty.
#426a. Turbidity
— N. turbidity, cloudiness, fog, haze, muddiness,
haziness, obscurity.
nephelometer[instrument
to measure turbidity].
Adj. turbid, thick,
muddy, obfuscated, fuliginous[obs3], hazy, misty,
foggy, vaporous, nubiferous[obs3]; cloudy (cloud)
353.
smoky, fumid[obs3],
murky, dirty.
— p. 120 —
#427. Semitransparency.
— N. semitransparency, translucency,
semiopacity; opalescence, milkiness, pearliness[obs3];
gauze, muslin; film; mica, mother-of-pearl, nacre;
mist &c. (cloud) 353.
[opalescent jewel] opal.
turbidity &c. 426a.
Adj. semitransparent,
translucent, semipellucid[obs3],
semidiaphanous[obs3], semiopacous[obs3], semiopaque;
opalescent, opaline[obs3]; pearly, milky; frosted,
nacreous.
V. opalesce.
%
(ii)
SPECIFIC LIGHT
%
#428. Color. —
N. color, hue, tint, tinge, dye, complexion, shade,
tincture, cast, livery, coloration, glow, flush; tone,
key.
pure color, positive
color, primary color, primitive complementary
color; three primaries; spectrum, chromatic dispersion;
broken color, secondary color, tertiary color. local
color, coloring, keeping, tone, value, aerial perspective.
[Science of color] chromatics,
spectrum analysis, spectroscopy;
chromatism[obs3], chromatography||, chromatology[obs3].
#429. [Absence of color.]
Achromatism. — N. achromatism[obs3];
decoloration[obs3], discoloration; pallor, pallidness,
pallidity[obs3]; paleness &c. adj.; etiolation; neutral
tint, monochrome, black and white.
V. lose color &c. 428;
fade, fly, go; become colorless &c. adj.; turn
pale, pale.
deprive of color, decolorize,
bleach, tarnish, achromatize, blanch,
etiolate, wash out, tone down.
Adj. uncolored &c. (see
color &c. 428); colorless, achromatic,
aplanatic[obs3]; etiolate, etiolated; hueless[obs3],
pale, pallid; palefaced[obs3], tallow-faced; faint,
dull, cold, muddy, leaden, dun, wan, sallow, dead,
dingy, ashy, ashen, ghastly, cadaverous, glassy, lackluster;
discolored &c. v.
light-colored, fair,
blond; white &c. 430.
pale as death, pale
as ashes, pale as a witch, pale as a ghost, pale
as a corpse, white as a corpse.
#430. Whiteness.
— N. whiteness &c. adj.; argent.
albification[obs3], etiolation; lactescence[obs3].
snow, paper, chalk,
milk, lily, ivory, alabaster; albata[obs3],
eburin[obs3], German silver, white metal, barium sulphate[Chem],
titanium oxide, blanc fixe[Fr], ceruse[obs3], pearl
white; white lead, carbonate of lead.
V. be white &c. adj.
render white &c. adj.;
whiten, bleach, blanch, etiolate, whitewash,
silver.
Adj. white; milk-white,
snow-white; snowy; niveous[obs3], candid,
chalky; hoar, hoary; silvery; argent, argentine; canescent[obs3],
cretaceous, lactescent[obs3].
whitish, creamy, pearly,
fair, blond; blanched &c. v.; high in tone,
light.
white as a sheet, white
as driven snow, white as a lily, white as
silver; like ivory &c. n.
— p. 121 —
#431. Blackness.
— N. blackness &c. adj.; darkness &c. (want
of
light). 421; swartliness[obs3], lividity, dark color,
tone, color; chiaroscuro &c. 420.
nigrification[obs3],
infuscation[obs3].
jet, ink, ebony, coal
pitch, soot, charcoal, sloe, smut, raven, crow.
#432. Gray. —
N. gray &c. adj.; neutral tint, silver, pepper and
salt, chiaroscuro, grisaille[Fr].
[Pigments] Payne’s
gray; black &c. 431.
Adj. gray, grey; iron-gray,
dun, drab, dingy, leaden, livid, somber,
sad, pearly, russet, roan; calcareous, limy, favillous[obs3];
silver, silvery, silvered; ashen, ashy; cinereous[obs3],
cineritious[obs3]; grizzly, grizzled; slate-colored,
stone-colored, mouse-colored, ash-colored; cool.
#433. Brown. —
N. brown &c. adj. bister[obs3][Pigments], ocher,
sepia, Vandyke brown.
V. render brown &c.
adj.; tan, embrown[obs3], bronze.
Adj. brown, bay, dapple,
auburn, castaneous[obs3], chestnut, nut-
brown, cinnamon, russet, tawny, fuscous[obs3], chocolate,
maroon, foxy, tan, brunette, whitey brown[obs3]; fawn-colored,
snuff-colored, liver-colored; brown as a berry,
brown as mahogany, brown as the oak leaves; khaki.
sun-burnt; tanned &c.
v.
% - Primitive Colors %
#434. Redness.
— N. red, scarlet, vermilion, carmine, crimson,
pink,
lake, maroon, carnation, couleur de rose[Fr], rose
du Barry[obs3]; magenta, damask, purple; flesh color,
flesh tint; color; fresh color, high color; warmth;
gules[Heraldry].
ruby, carbuncle; rose;
rust, iron mold.
[Dyes and pigments]
cinnabar, cochineal; fuchsine[obs3]; ruddle[obs3],
madder; Indian red, light red, Venetian red; red
ink, annotto[obs3]; annatto[obs3], realgar[ISA:mineral],
minium[obs3], red lead.
redness &c. adj.; rubescence[obs3],
rubicundity, rubification[obs3];
erubescence[obs3], blush.
V. be red, become red
&c.adj.; blush, flush, color up, mantle, redden.
render red &c. adj.;
redden, rouge; rubify[obs3], rubricate;
incarnadine.; ruddle[obs3].
Adj. red &c. n., reddish;
rufous, ruddy, florid, incarnadine,
sanguine; rosy, roseate; blowzy, blowed[obs3]; burnt;
rubicund, rubiform[obs3]; lurid, stammell blood red[obs3];
russet buff, murrey[obs3], carroty[obs3], sorrel,
% - Complementary Colors %
#435. Greenness.
— N. green &c. adj.; blue and yellow; vert
[heraldry].
emerald, verd antique[Fr],
verdigris, malachite, beryl, aquamarine;
absinthe, creme de menthe[Fr].
[Pigments] terre verte[Fr],
verditer[obs3], verdine[obs3], copperas.
greenness, verdure;
viridity[obs3], viridescence[obs3];
verditure[obs3].
[disease of eyes with
green tint] glaucoma, [Jap: rokunaisho].
Adj. green, verdant;
glaucous, olive, olive green; green as grass;
verdurous.
emerald green, pea green,
grass green, apple green, sea green, olive
green, bottle green, coke bottle green.
greenish; virent[obs3],
virescent[obs3].
green (learner) 541[new,
inexperienced, novice], (unskillful) 699.
green [ill, sick].
Phr. green with envy;
the green grass of Ireland; the wearing of the
green.
— Footnote 1 p. 122
The author’s classification
of colors has been retained, though it
does not entirely accord with the theories of modern
science. —
— p. 122 —
#436. Yellowness.
— N. yellow &c. adj.; or.
[Pigments] gamboge;
cadmium-yellow, chrome-yellow, Indian-yellow
king’s-yellow, lemonyellow; orpiment[obs3],
yellow ocher, Claude tint, aureolin[obs3]; xanthein[Chemsub],
xanthin[obs3]; zaofulvin[obs3]. crocu s, saffron,
topaz; xanthite[obs3]; yolk.
jaundice; London fog|!;
yellowness &c. adj.; icterus[obs3]; xantho-
cyanopia|!, xanthopsia[Med].
Adj. yellow, aureate,
golden, flavous|, citrine, fallow;
fulvous[obs3], fulvid[obs3]; sallow, luteous[obs3],
tawny, creamy, sandy; xanthic[obs3], xanthous[obs3];
jaundiced- auricomous[obs3].
gold-colored, citron-colored,
saffron-colored, lemon-colored, lemon
yellow, sulphur-colored, amber-colored, straw-colored,
primrose-colored, creamcolored; xanthocarpous[obs3],
xanthochroid[obs3], xanthopous[obs3].
yellow as a quince,
yellow as a guinea, yellow as a crow’s foot.
warm, advancing.
#437. Purple. —
N. purple &c. adj.; blue and red, bishop’s purple;
aniline dyes, gridelin[obs3], amethyst; purpure[Heraldry];
heliotrope.
lividness, lividity.
V. empurple[obs3].
Adj. purple, violet,
ultraviolet; plum-colored, lavender, lilac, puce,
mauve; livid.
#438. Blueness.
— N. blue &c. adj.; garter-blue; watchet|.
[Pigments] ultramarine,
smalt, cobalt, cyanogen[Chemsub]; Prussian
blue, syenite blue[obs3]; bice[obs3], indigo; zaffer[obs3].
lapis lazuli, sapphire,
turquoise; indicolite[obs3].
blueness, bluishness;
bloom.
Adj. blue, azure, cerulean;
sky-blue, sky-colored, sky-dyed;
cerulescent[obs3]; powder blue, bluish; atmospheric,
retiring; cold.
#439. Orange. —
N. orange, red and yellow; gold; or; flame &c. color,
adj.
[Pigments] ocher, Mars’orange[obs3],
cadmium.
cardinal bird, cardinal
flower, cardinal grosbeak, cardinal lobelia[a
flowering plant].
V. gild, warm.
Adj. orange; ochreous[obs3];
orange-colored, gold-colored,
flame-colored, copper-colored, brass-colored, apricot-colored;
warm, hot, glowing.
#440. Variegation.
— N. variegation; colors, dichroism, trichroism;
iridescence, play of colors, polychrome, maculation,
spottiness, striae.
spectrum, rainbow, iris,
tulip, peacock, chameleon, butterfly,
tortoise shell; mackerel, mackerel sky; zebra, leopard,
cheetah, nacre, ocelot, ophite[obs3], mother-of-pearl,
opal, marble.
check, plaid, tartan,
patchwork; marquetry-, parquetry; mosaic,
tesserae[obs3], strigae[obs3]; chessboard, checkers,
chequers; harlequin; Joseph’s coat; tricolor.
V. be variegated &c.
adj.; variegate, stripe, streak, checker,
chequer; bespeckle[obs3], speckle; besprinkle, sprinkle;
stipple, maculate, dot, bespot[obs3]; tattoo, inlay,
damascene; embroider, braid, quilt.
Adj. variegated &c.
v.; many-colored, many-hued; divers-colored,
party-colored; dichromatic, polychromatic; bicolor[obs3],
tricolor, versicolor[obs3]; of all the colors of the
rainbow, of all manner of colors; kaleidoscopic.
iridescent; opaline[obs3],
opalescent; prismatic, nacreous, pearly,
shot, gorge de pigeon, chatoyant[obs3]; irisated[obs3],
pavonine[obs3].
pied, piebald; motley;
mottled, marbled; pepper and salt, paned,
dappled, clouded, cymophanous[obs3].
mosaic, tesselated,
plaid; tortoise shell &c. n.
spotted, spotty; punctated[obs3],
powdered; speckled &c. v.; freckled,
flea-bitten, studded; flecked, fleckered[obs3]; striated,
barred, veined; brinded[obs3], brindled; tabby; watered;
grizzled; listed; embroidered &c. v.; daedal[obs3];
naevose[obs3], stipiform[obs3]; strigose[obs3], striolate[obs3].
— p. 123 —
%
(iii)
PERCEPTIONS OF LIGHT
%
#441. Vision. —
N. vision, sight, optics, eyesight.
view, look, espial[obs3],
glance, ken, coup d’oeil[Fr]; glimpse,
glint, peep; gaze, stare, leer; perlustration[obs3],
contemplation; conspection|, conspectuity|; regard,
survey; introspection; reconnaissance, speculation,
watch, espionage, espionnage[Fr], autopsy; ocular inspection,
ocular demonstration; sight-seeing.
#442. Blindness.
— N. blindness, cecity[obs3], excecation|,
amaurosis[obs3], cataract, ablepsy|, ablepsia[obs3],
prestriction|; dim-sightedness &c. 443; Braille,
Braille-type; guttaserena ("drop serene"), noctograph[obs3],
teichopsia[obs3].
V. be blind &c. adj.;
not see; lose sight of; have the eyes bandaged;
grope in the dark.
not look; close the
— p. 124 —
#443. [Imperfect vision.]
Dimsightedness. [Fallacies of vision.] —
N.
dim sight, dull sight half sight, short sight, near
sight, long sight, double sight, astigmatic sight,
failing sight; dimsightedness &c.; purblindness, lippitude[obs3];
myopia, presbyopia[obs3]; confusion of vision; astigmatism;
color blindness, chromato-pseudo-blepsis[obs3], Daltonism;
nyctalopia[obs3]; strabismus, strabism[obs3], squint;
blearedness[obs3], day blindness, hemeralopia[obs3],
nystagmus; xanthocyanopia[obs3], xanthopsia[Med];
cast in the eye, swivel eye, goggle-eyes; obliquity
of vision.
winking &c. v.; nictitation;
blinkard[obs3], albino.
dizziness, swimming,
scotomy[obs3]; cataract; ophthalmia.
[Limitation of vision]
blinker; screen &c. (hider) 530.
[Fallacies of vision]
deceptio visus[Lat]; refraction, distortion,
illusion, false light, anamorphosis[obs3], virtual
image, spectrum, mirage, looming, phasma|; phantasm,
phantasma[obs3], phantom; vision; specter, apparition,
ghost; ignis fatuus &c. (luminary) 423 specter of the
Brocken magic mirror[Lat]; magic lantern &c. (show)
448; mirror lens &c. (instrument) 445.
V. be dimsighted &c.
n.; see double; have a mote in the eye, have a
mist before the eyes, have a film over the eyes; see
through a prism, see through a glass darkly; wink,
blink, nictitate; squint; look askant[obs3], askant
askance[obs3]; screw up the eyes, glare, glower; nictate[obs3].
dazzle, loom.
Adj. dim-sighted &c.
n.; myopic, presbyopic[obs3]; astigmatic moon-
eyed, mope-eyed, blear-eyed, goggle-eyed, gooseberry-eyed,
one-eyed; blind of one eye, monoculous[obs3]; half-blind,
purblind; cock-eyed, dim-eyed, mole-eyed; dichroic.
blind as a bat &c. (blind)
442; winking &c. v.
#444. Spectator.
— N. spectator, beholder, observer, looker-on,
onlooker, witness, eyewitness, bystander, passer by;
sightseer; rubberneck , rubbernecker * [U. S.].
spy; sentinel &c. (warning)
668.
V. witness, behold &c.
(see) 441; look on &c. (be present) 186; gawk,
rubber *, rubberneck [U.S.].
#445. Optical Instruments.
— N. optical instruments; lens, meniscus,
magnifier, sunglass, magnifying glass, hand lens;
microscope, megascope[obs3], tienoscope[obs3].
spectacles, specs [coll.],glasses,
barnacles, goggles, eyeglass,
pince-nez, monocle, reading glasses, bifocals; contact
lenses, soft lenses, hard lenses; sunglasses, shades[coll.].
periscopic lens[obs3];
telescope, glass, lorgnette; spyglass, opera
glass, binocular, binoculars, field glass; burning
glass, convex lens, concave lens, convexo-concave
lens[obs3], coated lens, multiple lens, compound lens,
lens system, telephoto lens, wide-angle lens, fish-eye
lens, zoom lens; optical bench.
astronomical telescope,
reflecting telescope, reflector, refracting
telescope, refractor, Newtonian telescope, folded-path
telescope, finder telescope, chromatoscope; X-ray
telescope; radiotelescope, phased-array telescope,
Very Large Array radiotelescope; ultraviolet telescope;
infrared telescope; star spectroscope; space telescope.
[telescope mounts] altazimuth
mount, equatorial mount.
refractometer, circular
dichroism spectrometer.
interferometer.
phase-contrast microscope,
fluorescence microscope, dissecting
microscope; electron microscope, transmission electron
microscope; scanning electron microscope, SEM; scanning
tunneling electron microscope.
[microscope components]
objective lens, eyepiece, barrel, platform,
focusing knob; slide, slide glass, cover glass, counting
chamber; illuminator, light source, polarizer,
[component parts of
telescopes] reticle, cross-hairs.
light pipe, fiber optics
mirror, reflector, speculum;
looking-glass, pier-glass, cheval-glass,
rear-view mirror, hand mirror, one-way mirror, magnifying
mirror.
[room with distorting
mirrors] fun house.
prism, diffraction grating;
beam splitter, half-wave plate, quarter-
wave plate.
camera lucida[Lat],
camera obscura[Lat]; magic lantern &c. (show) 448;
stereopticon; chromatrope[obs3], thaumatrope[obs3];
stereoscope, pseudoscope[obs3], polyscope[obs3], kaleidoscope.
photometer, eriometer[obs3],
actinometer[obs3], lucimeter[obs3],
radiometer; ligth detector, photodiode, photomultiplier,
photodiode array, photocell.
X-ray diffractometer,
goniometer.
spectrometer, monochrometer,
UV spectrometer, visible spectrometer,
Infrared spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared
spectrometer, recording spectrometer; densitometer,
scanning densitometer, two-dimensional densitometer.
abdominoscope[obs3],
gastroscope[Med], helioscope[obs3],
polariscope[obs3], polemoscope[obs3], spectroscope.
abdominoscopy[obs3];
gastroscopy[Med]; microscopy, microscopist.
#446. Visibility.
— N. visibility, perceptibility; conspicuousness,
distinctness &c. adj.; conspicuity[obs3], conspicuousness;
appearance &c. 448; bassetting[obs3]; exposure; manifestation
&c. 525; ocular proof, ocular evidence, ocular demonstration;
field of view &c. (vision) 441; periscopism[obs3].
V. be become visible
&c. adj.; appear, open to the view; meet the eye,
catch the eye; basset; present itself, show manifest
itself, produce itself, discover itself, reveal itself,
expose itself, betray itself; stand forth, stand
out; materialize; show; arise; peep out, peer out,
crop out; start up, spring up, show up, turn up, crop
up; glimmer, loom; glare; burst forth; burst upon
the view, burst upon the sight; heave in sight; come
in sight, come into view, come out, come forth, come
forward; see the light of day; break through the clouds;
make its appearance, show its face, appear to one’s
eyes, come upon the stage, float before the eyes, speak
for itself &c. (manifest) 525; attract the attention
&c. 457; reappear; live in a glass house.
expose to view &c. 525.
Adj. visible, perceptible,
perceivable, discernible, apparent; in
view, in full view, in sight; exposed to view, en
evidence; unclouded, unobscured[obs3], in the foreground.
obvious &c. (manifest)
525; plain, clear, distinct, definite; well
defined, well marked; in focus; recognizable, palpable,
autoptical[obs3]; glaring, staring, conspicuous; stereoscopic;
in bold, in strong relief.
periscopic[obs3], panoramic.
before one’s eyes,
under one’s eyes; before one, vue d’oeil[Fr],
in
one’s eye, oculis subjecta fidelibus[Lat].
Adv. visibly &c. adj.;
in sight of; before one’s eyes &c. adj.; veluti
in speculum[Lat].
#447. Invisibility.
— N. invisibility, invisibleness, nonappearance,
imperceptibility; indistinctness &c. adj.; mystery,
delitescence[obs3].
concealment &c. 528;
latency &c. 526.
V. be invisible &c.
adj.; be hidden &c. (hide) 528; lurk &c. (lie
hidden) 526; escape notice.
render invisible &c.
adj.; conceal &c. 528; put out of sight.
not see &c. (be blind)
442; lose sight of.
Adj. invisible, imperceptible;
undiscernible[obs3], indiscernible;
unapparent, non-apparent; out of sight, not in sight;
a perte de vue[French]; behind the scenes, behind
the curtain; viewless, sightless; inconspicuous, unconspicuous[obs3];
unseen &c. (see see &c. 441); covert &c. (latent)
526; eclipsed, under an eclipse.
dim &c. (faint) 422;
mysterious, dark, obscure, confused; indistinct,
indistinguishable; shadowy, indefinite, undefined;
ill-defined, ill-marked; blurred, fuzzy, out of focus;
misty &c. (opaque) 426; delitescent[obs3].
hidden, obscured, covered,
veiled (concealed) 528.
Phr. “full many
a flower is born to blush unseen” [Gray].
— p. 125 —
#448. Appearance.
— N. appearance, phenomenon, sight, spectacle,
show, premonstration|, scene, species, view, coup
d’oeil[Fr]; lookout, outlook, prospect, vista,
perspective, bird’s-eye view, scenery, landscape,
picture, tableau; display, exposure, mise en scene[Fr];
rising of the curtain.
phantasm, phantom &c.
(fallacy of vision) 443.
pageant, spectacle;
peep-show, raree-show, gallanty-show; ombres
chinoises[Sp]; magic lantern, phantasmagoria, dissolving
views; biograph[obs3], cinematograph, moving pictures;
panorama, diorama, cosmorama[obs3], georama[obs3];
coup de theatre, jeu de theatre[Fr]; pageantry &c.
(ostentation) 882; insignia &c. (indication) 550. aspect,
angle, phase, phasis[obs3], seeming; shape &c. (form)
240; guise, look, complexion, color, image, mien,
air, cast, carriage, port, demeanor; presence, expression,
first blush, face of the thing; point of view, light.
lineament feature trait
lines; outline, outside; contour, face,
countenance, physiognomy, visage, phiz[obs3],. cast
of countenance, profile, tournure[obs3], cut of one’s
jib, metoposcopy[obs3]; outside &c. 220.
V. appear; be visible,
become visible &c. 446; seem, look, show;
present the appearance of, wear the appearance of,
carry the appearance of, have the appearance of, bear
the appearance of, exhibit the appearance of, take
the appearance of, take on the appearance of, assume
the appearance, present the semblance of, wear the
semblance of, carry the semblance of, have the semblance
of, bear the semblance of, exhibit the semblance of,
take the semblance of, take on the semblance of, assume
the semblance of; look like; cut a figure, figure;
present to the view; show &c. (make manifest) 525.
Adj. apparent, seeming,
ostensible; on view.
Adv. apparently; to
all seeming, to all appearance; ostensibly,
seemingly, as it seems, on the face of it, prima facie
[Lat]; at the first blush, at first sight; in the
eyes of; to the eye.
Phr. editio princeps
[Lat].
#449. Disappearance.
— N. disappearance, evanescence, eclipse,
occultation.
departure &c. 293; exit;
vanishing point; dissolving views.
V. disappear, vanish,
dissolve, fade, melt away, pass, go,
avaunt[obs3], evaporate, vaporize; be gone &c. adj.;
leave no trace, leave “not a rack behind”
[Tempest]; go off the stage &c. (depart) 293; suffer
an eclipse, undergo an eclipse; retire from sight;
be lost to view, pass out of sight.
lose sight of.
efface &c. 552.
Adj. disappearing &c.
v.; evanescent; missing, lost; lost to sight,
lost to view; gone.
Int. vanish! disappear!
avaunt[obs3]! get lost! get out of here &c.
(ejection) 297.
— p. 126 —
%
CLASS
IV
WORDS
RELATING TO THE INTELLECTUAL FACULTIES
DIVISION
(I) FORMATION OF IDEAS
Section
I. OPERATIONS OF INTELLECT IN GENERAL
%
#450. Intellect.
— N. intellect, mind, understanding, reason,
thinking principle; rationality; cogitative faculties,
cognitive faculties, discursive faculties, reasoning
faculties, intellectual faculties; faculties, senses,
consciousness, observation, percipience, intelligence,
intellection, intuition, association of ideas, instinct,
conception, judgment, wits, parts, capacity, intellectuality,
genius; brains, cognitive powers, intellectual powers;
wit &c. 498; ability &c. (skill) 698; wisdom &c. 498;
Vernunft[Ger], Verstand[Ger].
soul, spirit, ghost,
inner man, heart, breast, bosom, penetralia
mentis[Lat], divina particula aurae[Lat], heart’s
core; the Absolute, psyche, subliminal consciousness,
supreme principle.
brain, organ of thought,
seat of thought; sensorium[obs3], sensory;
head, headpiece; pate, noddle[obs3], noggin, skull,
scull, pericranium[Med], cerebrum, cranium, brainpan[obs3],
sconce, upper story.
[in computers] central
processing unit, CPU; arithmetic and logical
unit, ALU.
[Science of mind] metaphysics;
psychics, psychology; ideology; mental
philosophy, moral philosophy; philosophy of the mind;
pneumatology[obs3], phrenology; craniology[Med], cranioscopy[Med].
ideality, idealism;
transcendentalism, spiritualism; immateriality &c.
317; universal concept, universal conception.
metaphysician, psychologist
&c.
V. note, notice, mark;
take notice of, take cognizance of be aware of,
be conscious of; realize; appreciate; ruminate &c.
(think) 451; fancy &c. (imagine) 515.
Adj. intellectual[Relating
to intellect], mental, rational,
subjective, metaphysical, nooscopic[obs3], spiritual;
ghostly; psychical[obs3], psychological; cerebral;
animastic[obs3]; brainy; hyperphysical[obs3], superphysical[obs3];
subconscious, subliminal.
immaterial &c. 317;
endowed with reason.
Adv. in petto.
Phr. ens rationis [Lat];
frons est animi janua [Lat][Cicero]; locos y
ninos dicen la verdad [Sp]; mens sola loco non exulat
[Lat][Ovid]; “my mind is my kingdom” [Campbell];
“stern men with empires in their brains”
[Lowell]; “the mind, the music breathing from
her face” [Byron]; “thou living ray of
intellectual Fire” [Falconer].
— differentiate between instinct and
intuition. Intuition is reserved
for people. —
#450a. Absence
or want of Intellect.— N. absence of intellect,
want
of intellect &c. 450; imbecility &c. 499.: brutality,
brute force.
instinct, brute instinct,
stimulus-response loop, conditioned
response, instinctive reaction, Pavlovian response.
mimicry, aping (imitation)
19.
moron, imbecile, idiot;
fool &c. 501; dumb animal; vegetable, brain-
dead.
Adj. unendowed with
reason, void of reason; thoughtless; vegetative;
moronic, idiotic, brainless [all pejorative].
Adv. instinctively,
like Pavlov’s dog; vegetatively.
V. mimic, ape (imitate)
19; respond instinctively.
#451. Thought.
— N. thought; exercitation of the intellect[obs3],
exercise of the intellect; intellection; reflection,
cogitation, consideration, meditation, study, lucubration,
speculation, deliberation, pondering; head work, brain
work; cerebration; deep reflection; close study, application
&c. (attention) 457.
abstract thought, abstraction
contemplation, musing; brown study &c.
(inattention) 458; reverie, Platonism; depth of thought,
workings of the mind, thoughts, inmost thoughts; self-counsel
self-communing, self-consultation; philosophy of
the Absolute, philosophy of the Academy, philosophy
of the Garden, philosophy of the lyceum, philosophy
of the Porch.
association of thought,
succession of thought, flow of thought, train
of thought, current of thought, association of ideas,
succession of ideas, flow of ideas, train of ideas,
current of ideas.
after thought, mature
thought; reconsideration, second thoughts;
retrospection &c. (memory) 505; excogitation[obs3];
examination &c. (inquiry) 461 invention &c. (imagination)
515.
thoughtfulness &c. adj.
V. think, reflect, cogitate,
excogitate[obs3], consider, deliberate;
bestow thought upon, bestow consideration upon; speculate,
contemplate, meditate, ponder, muse, dream, ruminate;
brood over, con over; animadvert, study; bend -, apply
mind &c. (attend) 457; digest, discuss, hammer at,
weigh, perpend; realize, appreciate; fancy &c. (imagine)
515; trow[obs3].
take into consideration;
take counsel &c. (be advised) 695; commune
with oneself, bethink oneself; collect one’s
thoughts; revolve in the mind, turn over in the mind,
run over in the mind; chew the cud upon, sleep upon;
take counsel of one’s pillow, advise with one’s
pillow.
rack one’s brains,
ransack one’s brains, crack one’s brains,
beat
one’s brains, cudgel one’s brains; set
one’s brain to work, set one’s wits to
work.
harbor an idea, entertain
an idea, cherish an idea, nurture an idea
&c. 453; take into one’s head; bear in mind;
reconsider.
occur; present itself,
suggest itself; come into one’s head, get into
one’s head; strike one, flit across the view,
come uppermost, run in one’s head; enter the
mind, pass in the mind, cross the mind, flash on the
mind, flash across the mind, float in the mind, fasten
itself on the mind, be uppermost in the mind, occupy
the mind; have in one’s mind.
make an impression;
sink into the mind, penetrate into the mind;
engross the thoughts.
Adj. thinking &c. v.;
thoughtful, pensive, meditative, reflective,
museful[obs3], wistful, contemplative, speculative,
deliberative, studious, sedate, introspective, Platonic,
philosophical.
lost in thought &c.
(inattentive) 458; deep musing &c. (intent) 457.
in the mind, under consideration.
Adv. all things considered.
Phr. the mind being
on the stretch; the mind turning upon, the head
— p. 127 —
#452. [Absence or want
of thought.] Incogitancy. — N.
incogitancy[obs3], vacancy, inunderstanding[obs3];
fatuity &c. 499; thoughtlessness &c. (inattention)
458; vacuity.
couch potato, vegetable.
V. not think &c. 451;
not think of; dismiss from the mind, dismiss
from the thoughts &c. 451.
indulge in reverie &c.
(be inattentive) 458.
put away thought; unbend
the mind, relax the mind, divert the mind,
veg out.
Adj. vacant, unintellectual,
unideal[obs3], unoccupied, unthinking,
inconsiderate, thoughtless, mindless, no-brain, vacuous;
absent &c. (inattentive) 458; diverted; irrational
&c. 499; narrow-minded &c. 481.
unthought of, undreamt
’of, unconsidered; off one’s mind;
incogitable[obs3], not to be thought of.
Phr. absence d’esprit;
pabulum pictura pascit inani[Lat][obs3].
#453. [Object of thought.]
Idea. — N. idea, notion, conception,
thought, apprehension, impression, perception, image,
gr/eidolon/gr[Grk], sentiment, reflection,
observation, consideration; abstract idea; archetype,
formative notion; guiding conception, organizing conception;
image in the mind, regulative principle.
view &c. (opinion) 484;
theory &c. 514; conceit, fancy; phantasy &c.
(imagination) 515.point of view &c. (aspect) 448;
field of view.
— p. 128 —
— recall distinction between objective reality and perception thereof: noumenon and phenomenon —
#454. [Subject of thought,
gr/noemata/gr] Topic. — N. subject
of
thought, material for thought; food for the mind,
mental pabulum.
subject, subject matter;
matter, theme, gr/noemata/gr[Grk], topic,
what it is about, thesis, text, business, affair,
matter in hand, argument; motion, resolution; head,
chapter; case, point; proposition, theorem; field
of inquiry; moot point, problem &c. (question) 461.
V. float in the mind,
pass in the mind &c. 451.
Adj. thought of; uppermost
in the mind; in petto.
Adv. under consideration;
in question, in the mind; on foot, on the
carpet, on the docket, on the tapis[obs3]; relative
to &c. 9.
% Section II. PRECURSORY CONDITIONS AND OPERATIONS %
#455. [The desire of
knowledge.] Curiosity. — N. interest, thirst
for
knowledge, thirst for truth; curiosity, curiousness;
inquiring mind; inquisitiveness.
omnivorous intellect,
devouring mind.
[person who desires
knowledge] inquirer; sightseer; quidnunc[Lat],
newsmonger, Paul Pry, eavesdropper; gossip &c. (news)
532; rubberneck; intellectual; seeker[inquirer after
religious knowledge], seeker after truth.
V. be curious &c. adj.;
take an interest in, stare, gape; prick up the
ears, see sights, lionize; pry; nose; rubberneck*[U.
S.].
Adj. curious, inquisitive,
burning with curiosity, overcurious;
inquiring &c. 461; prying, snoopy, nosy, peering;
prurient; inquisitorial, inquisitory[obs3]; curious
as a cat; agape &c. (expectant) 507.
Phr. what’s the
matter? what next? consumed with curiosity; curiosity
killed the cat, satisfaction brought it back. “curiouser
and curiouser” [Alice in Wonderland].
#456. [Absence of curiosity.]
Incuriosity. — N. incuriosity,
incuriousness &c. adj.; insouciance &c. 866; indifference,
lack of interest, disinterest.
boredom, ennui (weariness)
841; satiety &c. 639; foreknowledge
(foresight) 510.
V. be incurious &c.
adj.; have no curiosity &c. 455; take no interest
in &c. 823; mind one’s own business.
Adj. incurious, uninquisitive,
indifferent; impassive &c. 823;
uninterested, detached, aloof.
#457. Attention.
— N. attention; mindfulness, presence of
mind &c.
adj.; intentness, intentiveness[obs3]; alertness;
thought &c. 451; advertence, advertency[obs3]; observance,
observation; consideration, reflection, perpension|;
heed; heedfulness; particularity; notice, regard &c.
v.; circumspection, diligence &c. (care) 459; study,
scrutiny inspection, introspection; revision, revisal.
active application,
diligent application, exclusive application,
minute application, close application, intense application,
deep application, profound application, abstract application,
labored application, deliberate application, active
attention, diligent attention, exclusive attention,
minute attention, close attention, intense attention,
deep attention, profound attention, abstract attention,
labored attention, deliberate attention, active thought,
diligent thought, exclusive thought, minute thought,
close thought, intense thought, deep thought, profound
thought, abstract thought, labored thought, deliberate
thought, active study, diligent study, exclusive study,
minute study, close study, intense study, deep study,
profound study, abstract study, labored study, deliberate
study.
minuteness, attention
to detail.
absorption of mind &c.
(abstraction) 458.
indication, calling
attention to &c. v.
V. be attentive &c.
adj.; attend, advert to, observe, look, see, view,
remark, notice, regard, take notice, mark; give attention
to, pay attention to, pay heed to, give heed to; incline
— p. 129 —
#458. Inattention.
— N. inattention, inconsideration;
inconsiderateness &c. adj.; oversight; inadvertence,
inadvertency, nonobservance, disregard.
supineness &c. (inactivity)
683; etourderie[French], want of thought;
heedlessness &c. (neglect) 460; insouciance &c. (indifference)
866.
abstraction; absence
of mind, absorption of mind; preoccupation,
distraction, reverie, brown study, deep musing, fit
of abstraction.
V. be inattentive &c.
adj.; overlook, disregard; pass by &c. (neglect)
460 not observe &c. 457; think little of.
close one’s eyes
to, shut one’s eyes to; pay no attention to;
dismiss
from one’s thoughts, discard from one’s
thoughts, discharge from one’s thoughts, dismiss
from one’s mind, discard from one’s mind,
discharge from one’s mind; drop the subject,
think no more of; set aside, turn aside, put aside;
turn away from, turn one’s attention from, turn
a deaf ear to, turn one’s back upon.
abstract oneself, dream,
indulge in reverie.
escape notice, escape
attention; come in at one ear and go out at the
other; forget &c. (have no remembrance) 506.
call off the attention,
draw off the attention, call away the
attention, divert the attention, distract the mind;
put out of one’s head; disconcert, discompose;
put out, confuse, perplex, bewilder, moider[obs3],
fluster, muddle, dazzle; throw a sop to Cerberus.
Adj. inattentive; unobservant,
unmindful, heedless, unthinking,
unheeding, undiscerning[obs3]; inadvertent; mindless,
regardless, respectless[obs3], listless &c. (indifferent)
866; blind, deaf; bird-witted; hand over head; cursory,
percursory[obs3]; giddy-brained, scatter-brained,
hare-brained; unreflective, unreflecting[obs3], ecervele
[French]; offhand; dizzy, muzzy[obs3], brainsick[obs3];
giddy, giddy as a goose; wild, harum-scarum, rantipole[obs3],
highflying; heedless, careless &c. (neglectful) 460.
— p. 130 —
#459. Care. [Vigilance.]
— N. care, solicitude, heed; heedfulness
&c. adj.; scruple &c. (conscientiousness) 939.
watchfulness &c. adj.;
vigilance, surveillance, eyes of Argus[obs3],
watch, vigil, look out, watch and ward, loeil du maitre[Fr].
alertness &c. (activity)
682; attention &c. 457; prudence &c.,
circumspection &c. (caution) 864; anxiety; forethought
&c. 510; precaution &c. (preparation) 673; tidiness
&c. (order) 58, (cleanliness) 652; accuracy &c. (exactness)
494; minuteness, attention to detail.
V. be careful &c. adj.;
reck[obs3]; take care &c. (be cautious) 864;
pay attention to &c. 457; take care of; look to, look
after, see to, see after; keep an eye on, keep a sharp
eye on; chaperon, matronize[obs3], play gooseberry;
keep watch, keep watch and ward; mount guard, set watch,
watch; keep in sight, keep in view; mind, mind one’s
business.
look sharp, look about
one; look with one’s own eyes; keep a good
lookout, keep a sharp lookout; have all one’s
wits about one, have all one’s eyes about one;
watch for &c. (expect) 507; keep one’s eyes open,
have the eyes open, sleep with one’s eye open.
Adj. careful regardful,
heedful; taking care &c. v.; particular;
prudent &c. (cautious) 864; considerate; thoughtful
&c. (deliberative) 451; provident &c. (prepared) 673;
alert &c. (active) 682; sure-footed.
guarded, on one’s
guard; on the qui vivre[Fr], on the alert, on watch,
on the lookout; awake, broad awake, vigilant; watchful,
wakeful, wistful; Argus-eyed; wide awake &c. (intelligent)
498; on the watch for (expectant) 507.
tidy &c. (orderly) 58,
(clean) 652; accurate &c. (exact) 494;
scrupulous &c. (conscientious) 939; cavendo tutus
&c. (safe) 664[Lat].
Adv. carefully &c. adj.;
with care, gingerly.
Phr. quis custodiet
istos custodes? [Latin: who will watch the
watchers?]; “care will kill a cat” [Wither];
ni bebas agua que no veas [Sp]; “O polished
perturbation! Golden care!” [Henry IV];
“the incessant care and labor of his mind”
[Henry IV].
#460. Neglect.
— N. neglect; carelessness &c. adj.; trifling
&c. v.;
negligence; omission, oversight, laches[Law], default;
supineness &c. (inactivity) 683; inattention &c. 458;
nonchalance &c. (insensibility) 823; imprudence, recklessness
&c. 863; slovenliness &c. (disorder) 59, (dirt) 653;
improvidence &c. 674; noncompletion &c. 730; inexactness
&c. (error) 495.
paralipsis, paralepsis,
paraleipsis [in rhetoric].
trifler, waiter on Providence;
Micawber.
V. be negligent &c.
adj.; take no care of &c. (take care of &c. 459);
neglect; let slip, let go; lay aside, set aside, cast
aside, put aside; keep out of sight, put out of sight;
lose sight of.
overlook, disregard;
pass over, pas by; let pass; blink; wink at,
connive at; gloss over; take no note of, take no thought
of, take no account of, take no notice of; pay no
regard to; laisser aller[Fr].
scamp; trifle, fribble[obs3];
do by halves; cut; slight &c. (despise)
930; play with, trifle with; slur, skim, skim the
surface; effleurer [Fr]; take a cursory view of &c.
457.
slur over, skip over,
jump over, slip over; pretermit[obs3], miss,
skip, jump, omit, give the go-by to, push aside, pigeonhole,
shelve, sink; table [parliamentary]; ignore, shut
one’s eyes to, refuse to hear, turn a deaf ear
to; leave out of one’s calculation; not attend
to &c. 457, not mind; not trouble oneself about, not
trouble one’s head about, not trouble oneself
with; forget &c. 506; be caught napping &c. (not expect)
508; leave a loose thread; let the grass grow under
one’s feet.
render neglectful &c.
adj.; put off one’s guard, throw off one’s
guard; distract, divert.
Adj. neglecting &c.
v.; unmindful, negligent, neglectful; heedless,
careless, thoughtless; perfunctory, remiss; feebleness
&c. 575.
inconsiderate; uncircumspect[obs3],
incircumspect[obs3]; off one’s
guard; unwary, unwatchful[obs3], unguarded; offhand.
supine &c. (inactive)
683; inattentive &c. 458; insouciant &c.
(indifferent) 823; imprudent, reckless &c. 863; slovenly
&c. (disorderly) 59, (dirty) 653; inexact &c. (erroneous)
495; improvident &c. 674.
neglected &c. v.; unheeded,
uncared-for, unperceived, unseen,
unobserved, unnoticed, unnoted[obs3], unmarked, unattended
to, unthought of, unregarded[obs3], unremarked, unmissed[obs3];
shunted, shelved.
unexamined, unstudied,
unsearched[obs3], unscanned[obs3],
unweighed[obs3], unsifted, unexplored.
abandoned; buried in
a napkin, hid under a bushel.
Adv. negligently &c.
adj.; hand over head, anyhow; in an unguarded
moment &c. (unexpectedly) 508; per incuriam[Lat].
Int. never mind, no
matter, let it pass.
Phr. out of sight, out
of mind.
— p. 131 —
#461. Inquiry [Subject
of Inquiry. Question] — N. inquiry;
request
&c. 765; search, research, quest, pursuit &c. 622.
examination, review,
scrutiny, investigation, indagation|;
perquisition[obs3], perscrutation[obs3], pervestigation|;
inquest, inquisition; exploration; exploitation, ventilation.
sifting; calculation,
analysis, dissection, resolution, induction;
Baconian method[obs3].
strict inquiry, close
inquiry, searching inquiry, exhaustive inquiry;
narrow search, strict search; study &c. (consideration)
451.
scire facias[Lat], ad
referendum; trial.
questioning &c. v.;
interrogation,
interrogatory; interpellation; challenge, examination,
cross-examination, catechism; feeler, Socratic method,
zetetic philosophy[obs3]; leading question; discussion
&c. (reasoning) 476.
reconnoitering, reconnaissance;
prying &c. v.; espionage,
espionnage[Fr]; domiciliary visit, peep behind the
curtain; lantern of Diogenes.
question, query, problem,
desideratum, point to be solved,
porism[obs3]; subject of inquiry, field of inquiry,
subject of controversy; point in dispute, matter in
dispute; moot point; issue, question at issue; bone
of contention &c. (discord) 713; plain question, fair
question, open question; enigma &c. (secret) 533;
knotty point &c. (difficulty) 704; quodlibet; threshold
of an inquiry.
[person who questions]
inquirer, investigator, inquisitor, inspector,
querist[obs3], examiner, catechist; scrutator scrutineer
scrutinizer[obs3]; analyst; quidnunc &c. (curiosity)
455[Lat].
V. make inquiry &c.
n.; inquire, ask, seek, search.
look for, look about
for, look out for; scan, reconnoiter, explore,
sound, rummage, ransack, pry, peer, look round; look
over, go over, look through, go through; spy, overhaul.
[transitive: object
is a topic] ask about, inquire about.
scratch the head, slap
the forehead.
look into every hole
and corner, peer into every hole and corner, pry
into every hole and corner; nose; trace up; search
out, hunt down, hunt out, fish out, ferret out; unearth;
leave no stone unturned.
seek a clue, seek a
clew; hunt, track, trail, mouse, dodge, trace;
follow the trail, follow the scent; pursue &c. 662;
beat up one’s quarters; fish for; feel for &c.
(experiment) 463.
investigate; take up
an inquiry, institute an inquiry, pursue an
inquiry, follow up an inquiry, conduct an inquiry,
carry on an inquiry, carry out an inquiry, prosecute
an inquiry &c. n.; look at, look into; preexamine;
discuss, canvass, agitate.
[inquire into a topic]
examine, study, consider, calculate; dip into,
dive into, delve into, go deep into; make sure of,
probe, sound, fathom; probe to the bottom, probe to
the quick; scrutinize, analyze, anatomize, dissect,
parse, resolve, sift, winnow; view in all its phases,
try in all its phases; thresh out.
bring in question, bring
#462. Answer. —
N. answer, response, reply, replication, riposte,
rejoinder, surrejoinder[obs3], rebutter, surrebutter[obs3],
retort, repartee; rescript, rescription[obs3]; antiphon[obs3],
antiphony; acknowledgment; password; echo; counter
statement.
discovery &c. 480a;
solution &c. (explanation) 522; rationale &c.
(cause) 153; clue &c. (indication) 550.
Oedipus; oracle &c.
513; return &c. (record) 551.
V. answer, respond,
reply, rebut, retort, rejoin; give for answer,
return for answer; acknowledge, echo.
explain &c. (interpret)
522; solve &c. (unriddle) 522; discover &c.
480a; fathom, hunt out &c. (inquire) 461; satisfy,
set at rest, determine.
Adj. answering &c. v.;
responsive, respondent; conclusive.
Adv. because &c. (cause)
153; on the scent, on the right scent.
Int. eureka!
— p. 132 —
#463. Experiment.
— N. experiment; essay &c. (attempt) 675;
analysis
&c. (investigation) 461; screen; trial, tentative
method, ttonnement.
verification, probation,
experimentum crucis[Lat], proof,
(demonstration) 478; criterion, diagnostic, test,
probe, crucial test, acid test, litmus test.
crucible, reagent, check,
#464. Comparison.
— N. comparison, collation, contrast;
identification; comparative estimate, relative estimate,
relativity.
simile, similitude,
analogy (similarity) 17; allegory &c. (metaphor)
521.
matching, pattern-matching.
[quantitative comparison]
ratio, proportion (number) 84.
[results of comparison]
discrimination 465; indiscrimination
465a[obs3]; identification 465b.
V. compare to, compare
with; collate, confront; place side by side,
juxtapose &c. (near) 197; set against one another,
#464a. Incomparability
[Lack of comparison] — N. incomparability;
incommensurability; indistinguishablility &c. 465a.
Adj. incommensurable,
incommensurate; incomparable; different &c.15.
Phr. like apples and
oranges; no basis for comparison; no standard for
comparison.
#465. [results of comparison.
1] Discrimination. — N. discrimination,
distinction, differentiation, diagnosis, diorism[obs3];
nice perception; perception of difference, appreciation
of difference; estimation &c. 466; nicety, refinement;
taste &c. 850; critique, judgment; tact; discernment
&c. (intelligence) 498; acuteness, penetration; nuances.
dope*, past performances.
V. discriminate, distinguish,
severalize[obs3]; recognize, match,
identify; separate; draw the line, sift; separate
the chaff from the wheat, winnow the chaff from the
wheat; separate the men from the boys; split hairs,
draw a fine line, nitpick, quibble.
estimate &c. (measure)
466; know which is which, know what is what,
know “a hawk from a handsaw” [Hamlet].
take into account, take
into consideration; give due weight to, allow
due weight to; weigh carefully.
Adj. discriminating
&c. v.; dioristic[obs3], discriminative,
distinctive; nice.
Phr. il y a fagots et
fagots; rem acu tetigisti[Lat][obs3]; la
critique est aisee et l’art est difficile [Fr];
miles apart; a distinction without a difference.
#465a. [results of comparison.
2] Indiscrimination. — N.
indiscrimination[obs3], indistinguishability; indistinctness,
indistinction[obs3]; uncertainty &c. (doubt) 475; incomparability
&c. 464a.
V. not discriminate
&c. 465; overlook &c. (neglect) 460 a distinction:
confound, confuse.
Adj. indiscriminate;
undistinguished|!, indistinguishable,
undistinguishable[obs3]; unmeasured; promiscuous,
undiscriminating.
Phr. valeat quantum
valere potest[Lat.].
— p. 133 —
#465b. [results of comparison.
3] Identification.— N. identification,
recognition, diagnosis, match; apperception, assimilation;
dereplication; classification; memory &c. 505; interpretation
&c. 522; cognizance (knowledge) 490.
V. identify, recognize,
match, match up; classify; recall, remember
&c. (memory) 505; find similarity (similarity) 17;
put in its proper place, put in its proper niche,
place in order (arrangement) 60.
#466. Measurement.
— N. measurement, admeasurement[obs3],
mensuration, survey, valuation, appraisement, assessment,
assize; estimate, estimation; dead reckoning, reckoning
&c. (numeration) 85; gauging &c. v.; horse power.
metrology, weights and
measures, compound arithmetic.
measure, yard measure,
standard, rule, foot rule, compass, calipers;
gage, gauge; meter, line, rod, check; dividers; velo[obs3].
flood mark, high water
mark; Plimsoll line; index &c. 550.
scale; graduation, graduated
scale; nonius[obs3]; vernier &c.
(minuteness) 193.
[instruments for measuring]
bathometer, galvanometer, heliometer,
interferometer, odometer, ombrometer[obs3], pantometer[obs3],
pluviometer[obs3], pneumatometer[obs3], pneumometer[obs3],
radiometer, refractometer, respirometer, rheometer,
spirometer[obs3], telemeter, udometer[obs3], vacuometer[obs3],
variometer[obs3], viameter[obs3], thermometer, thermistor
(heat &c. 382), barometer (air &c. 338), anemometer
(wind 349), dynamometer, goniometer (angle 244) meter;
landmark &c. (limit) 233; balance, scale &c. (weight)
319; marigraph[obs3], pneumatograph[obs3], stethograph[obs3];
rain gauge, rain gage; voltmeter(volts), ammeter(amps);
spectrophotometer (light absorbance); mass spectrophotometer(molecular
mass); geiger counter, scintillation counter(radioactivity);
pycnometer (liquid density); graduated cylinder, volumetric
flask (volume); radar gun (velocity); radar (distance);
side-looking radar (shape, topography); sonar (depth
in water); light meter (light intensity); clock, watch,
stopwatch, chronometer (time); anemometer (wind velocity);
densitometer (color intensity).
measurability, computability,
determinability[obs3].
coordinates, ordinate
and abscissa, polar coordinates, latitude and
longitude, declination and right ascension, altitude
and azimuth.
geometry, stereometry[obs3],
hypsometry[obs3]; metage[obs3];
surveying, land surveying; geodesy, geodetics[obs3],
geodesia[obs3]; orthometry[obs3], altimetry[obs3];
cadastre[Fr].
astrolabe, armillary
sphere[obs3].
land surveyor; geometer.
V. measure, mete; determine,
assay; evaluate, value, assess, rate,
appraise, estimate, form an estimate, set a value
on; appreciate; standardize.
span, pace step; apply
the compass &c. n.; gauge, plumb, probe, sound,
fathom; heave the log, heave the lead; survey.
weigh.
take an average &c.
29; graduate.
Adj. measuring &c. v.;
metric, metrical;
measurable, perceptible,
noticeable, detectable, appreciable,
ponderable, determinable, fathomable;
geodetical, topographic,
topographical, cartographic, cartographical.
%
Section
III. MATERIALS FOR REASONING
%
#467. Evidence
[On one side.] — N. evidence; facts, premises,
data,
praecognita[Lat], grounds.
indication &c. 550;
criterion &c. (test) 463.
testimony, testification[obs3],
expert testimony; attestation;
deposition &c. (affirmation) 535; examination.
admission &c. (assent)
488; authority, warrant, credential, diploma,
voucher, certificate, doquet[obs3], docket; testamur[obs3];
record &c. 551; document; pi ce justificative[obs3];
deed, warranty &c. (security) 771;
signature, seal &c. (identification) 550; exhibit,
material evidence, objective evidence.
witness, indicator,
hostile witness; eyewitness, earwitness, material
witness, state’s evidence; deponent; sponsor;
cojuror[obs3].
oral evidence, documentary
evidence, hearsay evidence, external
evidence, extrinsic evidence, internal evidence, intrinsic
evidence, circumstantial evidence, cumulative evidence,
ex parte evidence[Lat], presumptive evidence, collateral
evidence, constructive evidence; proof &c. (demonstration)
478; evidence in chief.
secondary evidence;
confirmation, corroboration, support; ratification
&c. (assent) 488; authentication; compurgation[obs3],
wager of law, comprobation|.
citation, reference;
legal research, literature search (experiment)
463.
V. be evidence &c. n.;
evince, show, betoken, tell of; indicate &c.
(denote) 550; imply, involve, argue, bespeak, breathe.
have weight, carry weight;
tell, speak volumes; speak for itself &c.
(manifest) 525.
rest upon, depend upon;
repose on.
bear witness &c. n.;
give evidence &c. n.; testify, depose, witness,
vouch for; sign, seal, undersign[obs3], set one’s
hand and seal, sign and seal, deliver as one’s
act and deed, certify, attest; acknowledge &c. (assent)
488.
[provide conclusive
evidence] make absolute, confirm, prove
(demonstrate) 478.
[add further evidence]
indorse, countersign, corroborate, support,
ratify, bear out, uphold, warrant.
adduce, attest, cite,
quote; refer to, appeal to; call, call to
witness; bring forward, bring into court; allege,
plead; produce witnesses, confront witnesses.
place into evidence,
mark into evidence.
[obtain evidence] collect
evidence, bring together evidence, rake up
evidence; experiment &c. 463.
have a case, make out
a case; establish, authenticate, substantiate,
verify, make good, quote chapter and verse; bring
home to, bring to book.
Adj. showing &c. v.;
indicative, indicatory; deducible &c. 478;
grounded on, founded on, based on; corroborative,
confirmatory.
Adv. by inference; according
to, witness, a fortiori; still more,
still less; raison de plus[Fr]; in corroboration &c.
n. of; valeat quantum[Lat]; under seal, under one’s
hand and seal.
Phr. dictum de dicto[Lat];
mise en evidence[Fr.].
— p. 134 —
#468. [Evidence on the
other side, on the other hand.] Counter
Evidence. — N. counter evidence; evidence
on the other side, evidence on the other hand; conflicting
evidence, contradictory evidence, opposing evidence;
disproof, refutation &c. 479; negation &c. 536.
plea &c. 617; vindication
&c. 937 counter protest; “tu quoque”
argument; other side of the shield, other side of
the coin, reverse of the shield.
V. countervail, oppose;
mitigate against; rebut &c. (refute) 479;
subvert &c. (destroy) 162; cheek, weaken; contravene;
contradict &c. (deny) 536; tell the other side of
the story, tell another story, turn the scale, alter
the case; turn the tables; cut both ways; prove a negative.
audire alteram partem[Lat].
Adj. countervailing
&c. v.; contradictory.
unattested, unauthenticated,
unsupported by evidence; supposititious.
Adv. on the contrary,
per contra.
#469. Qualification.
— N. qualification, limitation, modification,
coloring.
allowance, grains of
allowance, consideration, extenuating
circumstances; mitigation.
condition, proviso,
prerequisite, contingency, stipulation, provision,
specification, sine qua non[Lat]; catch, string, strings
attached; exemption; exception, escape clause, salvo,
saving clause; discount &c. 813; restriction; fine
print.
V. qualify, limit, modify,
leaven, give a color to, introduce new
conditions, narrow, temper.
waffle, quibble, hem
and haw (be uncertain) 475; equivocate
(sophistry) 477.
depend, depend on, be
contingent on (effect) 154.
allow for, make allowance
for; admit exceptions, take into account;
modulate.
moderate, temper, season,
leaven.
take exception.
Adj. qualifying &c.
v.; qualified, conditioned, restricted, hedged;
conditional; exceptional &c. (unconformable) 83.
hypothetical &c. (supposed)
514; contingent &c. (uncertain) 475.
Adv. provided, provided
that, provided always; if, unless, but, yet;
according as; conditionally, admitting, supposing;
on the supposition of &c. (theoretically) 514; with
the understanding, even, although, though, for all
that, after all, at all events.
approximately &c. 197,
17; in a limited degree (smallness) 32;
somewhat, sort of, something like that, to a certain
extent, to a degree, in a sense, so to speak.
with grains of allowance,
cum grano salis[Latin: with a grain of
salt]; exceptis excipiendis[Lat]; wind and weather
permitting; if possible &c. 470.
subject to, conditioned
upon; with this proviso &c. n.
Phr. “if the good
lord is willing and the creeks don’t rise”;
catch-22.
%
Degrees
of Evidence
%
#470. Possibility.
— N. possibility, potentiality; what may
be, what
is possible &c. adj.; compatibility &c. (agreement)
23.
practicability, feasibility;
practicableness &c. adj.
contingency, chance &c. 156.
V. be possible &c. adj.;
stand a chance; admit of, bear.
render possible &c.
adj.; put in the way of.
Adj. possible; in the
cards, on the dice; in posse, within the bounds
of possibility, conceivable, credible; compatible
&c. 23; likely.
practicable, feasible,
performable, achievable; within reach, within
measurable distance; accessible, superable[obs3],
surmountable; attainable, obtainable; contingent &c.
(doubtful) 475, (effect) 154.
barely possible, marginally
possible, just possible; possible but
improbably, (improbable) 473; theoretically possible.
Adv. possibly, by possibility;
perhaps, perchance, peradventure;
maybe, may be, haply, mayhap.
if possible, wind and
weather permitting, God willing, Deo
volente[Lat], D. V.; as luck may have it.
Phr. misericordia Domini
inter pontem et fontent[Lat]; “the glories
of the Possible are ours” [B. Taylor];
anything is possible; in theory possible, but in practise
unlikely.
— p. 135 —
#471. Impossibility.
— N. impossibility &c. adj.; what cannot,
what
can never be; sour grapes; hopelessness &c. 859.
V. be impossible &c.
adj.; have no chance whatever.
attempt impossibilities;
square the circle, wash a blackamoor white;
skin a flint; make a silk purse out of a sow’s
ear, make bricks without straw; have nothing to go
upon; weave a rope of sand, build castles in the air,
prendre la lune avec les dents[Fr], extract sunbeams
from cucumbers, set the Thames on fire, milk a he-goat
into a sieve, catch a weasel asleep, rompre l’anguille
au genou[Fr], be in two places at once.
Adj. impossible; not
possible &c. 470; absurd, contrary to reason;
unlikely; unreasonable &c. 477; incredible &c. 485;
beyond the bounds of reason, beyond the bounds of
possibility, beyond the realm of possibility; from
which reason recoils; visionary; inconceivable &c.
(improbable) 473; prodigious &c. (wonderful) 870;
unimaginable, inimaginable[obs3]; unthinkable.
impracticable unachievable;
unfeasible, infeasible; insuperable;
unsurmountable[obs3], insurmountable; unattainable,
unobtainable; out of reach, out of the question; not
to be had, not to be thought of; beyond control; desperate
&c. (hopeless) 859; incompatible &c. 24; inaccessible,
uncomeatable[obs3], impassable, impervious, innavigable[obs3],
inextricable; self-contradictory.
out of one’s power,
beyond one’s power, beyond one’s depth,
beyond
one’s reach, beyond one’s grasp; too much
for; ultra crepidam[Lat].
Phr. the grapes are
sour; non possumus[Lat]; non nostrum tantas
componere lites [Lat][Vergil]; look for a needle in
a haystack, chercher une aiguille dans une botte de
foin [obs3][Fr.]; il a le mer boire[obs3].
#472. Probability.
— N. probability, likelihood; credibleness[obs3];
likeliness &c. adj.;
vraisemblance[Fr], verisimilitude,
plausibility; color, semblance,
show of; presumption; presumptive evidence, circumstantial
evidence; credibility.
reasonable chance, fair
chance, good chance, favorable chance,
reasonable prospect, fair prospect, good prospect,
favorable prospect; prospect, wellgrounded hope; chance
&c. 156.
V. be probable &c. adj.;
give color to, lend color to; point to; imply
&c. (evidence) 467; bid fair &c. (promise) 511; stand
fair for; stand a good chance, run a good chance.
think likely, dare say,
flatter oneself; expect &c. 507; count upon
&c. (believe) 484.
Adj. probable, likely,
hopeful, to be expected, in a fair way.
plausible, specious,
ostensible, colorable, ben trovato[It], well-
founded, reasonable, credible, easy of belief, presumable,
presumptive, apparent.
Adv. probably &c. adj.;
belike[obs3]; in all probability, in all
likelihood; very likely, most likely; like enough;
odds on, odds in favor, ten &c. to one; apparently,
seemingly, according to every reasonable expectation;
prim facie[Lat]; to all appearance &c. (to the eye)
448.
Phr. the chances, the
odds are; appearances are in favor of, chances
are in favor of; there is reason to believe, there
is reason to think, there is reason to expect; I
dare say; all Lombard Street to a China orange.
#473. Improbability.
— N. improbability, unlikelihood; unfavorable
chance, bad chance, ghost of a chance, little chance,
small chance, poor chance, scarcely any chance, no
chance; bare possibility; long odds; incredibility
&c. 485.
V. be improbable &c.
adj.; have a small chance &c. n.
Adj. improbable, unlikely,
contrary to all reasonable expectation;
wild, far out, out of sight, outtasight, heavy [all
coll.].
rare &c. (infrequent)
137; unheard of, inconceivable; unimaginable,
inimaginable[obs3]; incredible &c. 485; more than
doubtful; strange, bizarre (uncomformable) 83.
Phr. the chances are
against; aquila non capit muscas[Lat]; pedir
peras pal olmo[Lat].
#474. Certainty.
— N. certainty; necessity &c. 601; certitude,
surety, assurance; dead certainty, moral certainty;
infallibleness &c. adj.; infallibility, reliability;
indubitableness, inevitableness, unquestionableness[obs3].
gospel, scripture, church,
pope, court of final appeal; res
judicata[Lat], ultimatum positiveness; dogmatism,
dogmatist, dogmatizer; doctrinaire, bigot, opinionist[obs3],
Sir Oracle; ipse dixit[Lat].
fact; positive fact,
matter of fact; fait accompli[Fr].
V. be certain &c. adj.;
stand to reason.
render certain &c. adj.;
insure, ensure, assure; clinch, make sure;
determine, decide, set at rest, “make assurance
double sure” [Macbeth]; know &c. (believe) 484.
— p. 136 —
#475. Uncertainty.
— N. uncertainty, incertitude, doubt; doubtfulness
&c. adj.; dubiety, dubitation[obs3], dubitancy|, dubitousness[obs3].
hesitation, suspense;
perplexity, embarrassment, dilemma,
bewilderment; timidity &c. (fear) 860; vacillation
&c. 605;
diaporesis[obs3], indetermination.
vagueness &c. adj.;
haze, fog; obscurity &c. (darkness) 421; ambiguity
&c. (double meaning) 520; contingency, dependence,
dependency, double contingency, possibility upon a
possibility; open question &c. (question) 461; onus
probandi[Lat]; blind bargain, pig in a poke, leap in
the dark, something or other; needle in a haystack,
needle in a bottle of hay; roving commission.
precariousness &c. adj.;
fallibility.
V. be uncertain &c.
adj.; wonder whether.
lose the clue, lose
the clew, scent; miss one’s way.
not know what to make
of &c. (unintelligibility) 519, not know which
way to turn, not know whether one stands on one’s
head or one’s heels; float in a sea of doubt,hesitate,
flounder; lose oneself, lose one’s head; muddle
one’s brains.
render uncertain &c.
adj.; put out, pose, puzzle, perplex, embarrass;
confuse, confound; bewilder, bother, molder, addle
— p. 137 —
%
Section
IV. REASONING PROCESSES
%
#476. Reasoning,
— N. {ant. 477} reasoning, ratiocination,
rationalism;
dialectics, induction, generalization.
discussion, comment;
ventilation; inquiry &c. 461.
argumentation, controversy,
debate; polemics, wrangling; contention
&c. 720 logomachy[obs3]; disputation, disceptation[obs3];
paper war.
art of reasoning, logic.
process of reasoning,
train of reasoning, chain of reasoning;
deduction, induction, abduction; synthesis, analysis.
argument; case, plaidoyer[obs3],
opening; lemma, proposition, terms,
premises, postulate, data, starting point, principle;
inference &c. (judgment) 480.
prosyllogism[obs3],
syllogism; enthymeme[obs3], sorites[obs3],
dilemma, perilepsis[obs3], a priori reasoning, reductio
ad absurdum, horns of a dilemma, argumentum ad hominem
[Lat.], comprehensive argument; empirema[obs3], epagoge[obs3].
[person who reasons]
reasoner, logician, dialectician; disputant;
controversialist, controvertist[obs3]; wrangler, arguer,
debater polemic, casuist, rationalist; scientist;
eristic[obs3].
logical sequence; good
case; correct just reasoning, sound reasoning,
valid reasoning, cogent reasoning, logical reasoning,
forcible reasoning, persuasive reasoning, persuasory
reasoning[obs3], consectary reasoning|, conclusive
#477. [The absence of
reasoning.] Intuition. [False or vicious
reasoning; show of reason.] Sophistry. —
N. intuition, instinct, association, hunch, gut feeling;
presentiment, premonition; rule of thumb; superstition;
astrology[obs3]; faith (supposition) 514.
sophistry, paralogy[obs3],
perversion, casuistry, jesuitry,
equivocation, evasion; chicane, chicanery; quiddet[obs3],
quiddity; mystification; special pleading; speciousness
&c. adj.; nonsense &c. 497; word sense, tongue sense.
false reasoning, vicious
reasoning, circular reasoning; petitio
principii[Lat], ignoratio elenchi[Lat]; post hoc ergo
propter hoc[Lat]; non sequitur, ignotum per ignotius[Lat].
misjudgment &c. 481;
false teaching &c. 538.
sophism, solecism, paralogism[obs3];
quibble, quirk, elenchus[obs3],
elench[obs3], fallacy, quodlibet, subterfuge, subtlety,
quillet[obs3]; inconsistency, antilogy[obs3]; “a
delusion, a mockery, and a snare” [Denman];
claptrap, cant, mere words; “lame and impotent
conclusion” [Othello].
meshes of sophistry,
cobwebs of sophistry; flaw in an argument; weak
point, bad case.
overrefinement[obs3];
hairsplitting &c. v.
V. judge intuitively,
judge by intuition; hazard a proposition, hazard
a guess, talk at random.
reason ill, falsely
&c. adj.; misjudge &c. 481; paralogize[obs3].
— p. 138 —
#478. Demonstration.
— N. {ant. 479} demonstration, proof, rigorous
proof; conclusiveness &c. adj.; apodeixis[obs3], apodixis[obs3],
probation, comprobation|.
logic of facts &c. (evidence)
467; experimentum crucis &c. (test)
463[Lat]; argument &c. 476; rigorous establishment,
absolute establishment.
conviction, cogency,
(persuasion) 484.
V. demonstrate, prove,
establish; make good; show, evince, manifest
&c. (be evidence of) 467; confirm, corroborate, substantiate,
verify &c. 467 settle the question, reduce to demonstration,
set the question at rest.
make out, make out a
case; prove one’s point, have the best of the
argument; draw a conclusion &c. (judge) 480.
follow, follow of course,
follow as a matter of course, follow
necessarily; stand to reason; hold good, hold water.
convince, persuade (belief)
484.
Adj. demonstrating &c.
v., demonstrative, demonstrable; probative,
unanswerable, conclusive; apodictic[obs3], apodeictic[obs3],
apodeictical[obs3]; irresistible, irrefutable, irrefragable;
necessary.
categorical, decisive,
crucial.
demonstrated &c. v.;
proven; unconfuted[obs3], unanswered,
unrefuted[obs3]; evident &c. 474.
#479. Confutation.
— N. {ant 478} confutation, refutation;
answer,
complete answer; disproof, conviction, redargution[obs3],
invalidation; exposure, exposition; clincher; retort;
reductio ad absurdum; knock down argument, tu quoque
argument[Lat]; sockdolager * [obs3][U. S.].
correction &c. 527a;
dissuasion &c. 616.
V. confute, refute,
disprove; parry, negative, controvert, rebut,
confound, disconfirm, redargue[obs3], expose, show
the fallacy of, defeat; demolish, break &c. (destroy)
162; overthrow, overturn scatter to the winds, explode,
invalidate; silence; put to silence, reduce to silence;
clinch an argument, clinch a question; give one a
setdown[obs3], stop the mouth, shut up; have, have
on the hip.
not leave a leg to stand
on, cut the ground from under one’s feet.
be confuted &c.; fail;
expose one’s weak point, show one’s weak
point.
counter evidence &c.
468.
Adj. confuting, confuted,
&c. v.; capable of refutation; refutable,
confutable[obs3], defeasible.
contravene (counter
evidence) 468.
condemned on one’s
own showing,condemned out of one’s own mouth.
Phr. the argument falls
to the ground, cadit quaestio[Lat], it does
not hold water, “suo sibi gladio hunc jugulo”
[Terence]; his argument was demolished by new evidence.
— p. 139 —
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Section
V. RESULTS OF REASONING
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#480. Judgment.
[Conclusion.] — N. result, conclusion,
upshot;
deduction, inference, ergotism[Med]; illation; corollary,
porism[obs3]; moral.
estimation, valuation,
appreciation, judication[obs3];
dijudication[obs3], adjudication; arbitrament, arbitrement[obs3],
arbitration; assessment, ponderation[obs3]; valorization.
award, estimate; review,
criticism, critique, notice, report.
decision, determination,
judgment, finding, verdict, sentence, decree;
findings of fact; findings of law; res judicata[Lat].
plebiscite, voice, casting
vote; vote &c. (choice) 609; opinion &c.
(belief) 484; good judgment &c. (wisdom) 498.
judge, umpire; arbiter,
arbitrator; asessor, referee.
censor, reviewer, critic;
connoisseur; commentator &c. 524; inspector,
inspecting officer.
twenty-twenty
hindsight[judgment after the fact]; armchair general,
monday morning quarterback.
V. judge, conclude;
come to a conclusion, draw a conclusion, arrive at
a conclusion; ascertain, determine, make up one’s
#480a. [Result of search
or inquiry.] Discovery. — N. discovery,
detection, disenchantment; ascertainment[obs3], disclosure,
find, revelation.
trover &c.(recovery)
775[Law].
V. discover, find,
determine, evolve, learn &c. 539; fix upon; pick
up; find out, trace out, make out, hunt out, fish
out, worm out, ferret out, root out; fathom; bring
out, draw out; educe, elicit, bring to light; dig
out, grub up, fish up; unearth, disinter.
solve, resolve, elucidate;
unriddle, unravel, unlock, crack, crack
open; pick up, open the lock; find a clue, find clew
a to, find the key to the riddle; interpret &c. 522;
disclose &c. 529.
trace, get at; hit it,
have it; lay one’s finger, lay one’s hands
upon; spot; get at the truth, arrive at the truth
&c. 494; put the saddle on the right horse, hit the
right nail on the head.
be near the truth, be
warm, get warmer, burn; smoke, scent, sniff,
catch a whiff of, smell a rat.
open the eyes to; see
through, see daylight, see in its true colors,
see the cloven foot; detect; catch, catch tripping.
pitch upon, fall upon,
light upon, hit upon, stumble upon, pop upon;
come across, come onto; meet with, meet up with, fall
in with.
recognize, realize;
verify, make certain of, identify.
Int. eureka! aha[obs3]!
I’ve got it!
#481. Misjudgment.
— N. misjudgment, obliquity of judgment;
miscalculation, miscomputation, misconception &c.
(error) 495; hasty conclusion.
[causes of misjudgment.
1] prejudgment, prejudication[obs3],
prejudice; foregone conclusion; prenotion[obs3], prevention,
preconception, predilection, prepossession, preapprehension[obs3],
presumption, assumption, presentiment; fixed idea,
— p. 140 —
#482. Overestimation.
— N. overestimation &c. v.; exaggeration
&c.
549; vanity &c. 880; optimism, pessimism, pessimist.
much cry and little wool, much ado about nothing;
storm in a teacup, tempest in a teacup; fine talking.
V. overestimate, overrate,
overvalue, overprize, overweigh,
overreckon[obs3], overstrain, overpraise; eulogize;
estimate too highly, attach too much importance to,
make mountains of molehills, catch at straws; strain,
magnify; exaggerate &c. 549; set too high a value upon;
think much of, make much of, think too much of, make
too much of; outreckon[obs3]; panegyrize[obs3].
extol, extol to the
skies; make the most of, make the best of, make
the worst of; make two bites of a cherry.
have too high an opinion
of oneself &c. (vanity) 880.
Adj. overestimated &c.
v.; oversensitive &c. (sensibility) 822.
Phr. all his geese are
swans; parturiunt montes[Lat].
#483. Underestimation.
— N. underestimation; depreciation &c.
(detraction) 934; pessimism, pessimist; undervaluing
&c. v.; modesty &c. 881.
V. underrate, underestimate,
undervalue, underreckon[obs3];
depreciate; disparage &c. (detract) 934; not do justice
to; misprize, disprize; ridicule &c. 856; slight &c.
(despise) 930; neglect &c. 460; slur over.
make light of, make
little of, make nothing of, make no account of;
belittle; minimize, think nothing of; set no store
by, set at naught; shake off as dewdrops from the
lion’s mane.
Adj. depreciating, depreciated
&c. v.; unvalued, unprized[obs3].
#484. Belief. —
N. belief; credence; credit; assurance; faith, trust,
troth, confidence, presumption, sanguine expectation
&c. (hope) 858; dependence on, reliance on.
persuasion, conviction,
convincement[obs3], plerophory[obs3], self-
conviction; certainty &c. 474; opinion, mind, view;
conception, thinking; impression &c. (idea) 453; surmise
&c. 514; conclusion &c. (judgment) 480.
tenet, dogma, principle,
way of thinking; popular belief &c. (assent)
488.
firm belief, implicit
belief, settled belief, fixed rooted deep-rooted
belief, staunch belief, unshaken belief, steadfast
belief, inveterate belief, calm belief, sober belief,
dispassionate belief, impartial belief, well-founded
belief, firm opinion, implicit opinion, settled opinion,
fixed rooted deep-rooted opinion, staunch opinion,
unshaken opinion, steadfast opinion, inveterate opinion,
calm opinion, sober opinion, dispassionate opinion,
impartial opinion, well-founded opinion &c.; uberrima
fides[Lat][obs3].
system of opinions,
school, doctrine, articles, canons; article of
faith, declaration of faith, profession of faith;
tenets, credenda[obs3], creed; thirty-nine articles
&c. (orthodoxy) 983a; catechism; assent &c. 488; propaganda
&c. (teaching) 537.
credibility &c. (probability)
472.
V. believe, credit;
give faith to, give credit to, credence to; see,
— p. 141 —
#485. Unbelief.
Doubt.— N. unbelief, disbelief, misbelief;
discredit,
miscreance[obs3]; infidelity &c. (irreligion) 989[obs3];
dissent &c. 489; change of opinion &c. 484; retraction
&c. 607.
doubt &c. (uncertainty)
475; skepticism, scepticism, misgiving,
demure; distrust, mistrust, cynicism; misdoubt[obs3],
suspicion, jealousy, scruple, qualm; onus probandi[Lat].
incredibility, incredibleness;
incredulity.
[person who doubts]
doubter, skeptic, cynic.; unbeliever &c. 487.
V. disbelieve, discredit;
not believe &c. 484; misbelieve[obs3];
refuse to admit &c. (dissent) 489; refuse to believe
&c. (incredulity) 487.
doubt; be doubtful &c.
(uncertain) 475; doubt the truth of; be
skeptical as to &c. adj.; diffide|; distrust, mistrust;
suspect, smoke, scent, smell a rat; have doubts, harbor
doubts, entertain doubts, suspicions; have one’s
doubts.
demure, stick at, pause,
hesitate, scruple; stop to consider, waver.
hang in suspense, hang
in doubt.
throw doubt upon, raise
a question; bring in, call in question;
question, challenge, dispute; deny &c. 536; cavil;
cause a doubt, raise a doubt, start a doubt, suggest
a doubt, awake a doubt, make suspicion; ergotize[obs3].
startle, stagger; shake
one’s faith, shake one’s belief, stagger
one’s
faith, stagger one’s belief.
Adj. unbelieving; skeptical,
sceptical.
[transitive] incredulous
as to, skeptical as to; distrustful as to,
shy as to, suspicious of; doubting &c. v.
doubtful &c. (uncertain)
475; disputable; unworthy of, undeserving of
belief &c. 484; questionable; suspect, suspicious;
open to suspicion, open to doubt; staggering, hard
to believe, incredible, unbelievable, not to be believed,
inconceivable; impossible &c. 471.
fallible &c. (uncertain)
475; undemonstrable; controvertible &c.
(untrue) 495.
Adv. cum grano salis[Latin:
with a grain of salt]; with grains of
allowance.
Phr. fronti nulla fides[Lat];
nimium ne crede colori [Lat][Vergil];
“timeo Danaos et dona ferentes” [Latin:
I fear the Greeks even when bearing gifts][Vergil],
beware of Greeks bearing gifts; credat Judaeus Apella
[Lat][Horace]; let those believe who may; ad tristem
partem stenua est suspicio [Lat][Syrus].
#486. Credulity.
— N. credulity, credulousness &c. adj.;
cullibility|, gullibility; gross credulity, infatuation;
self delusion, self deception; superstition; one’s
blind side; bigotry &c. (obstinacy) 606; hyperorthodoxy
&c. 984[obs3]; misjudgment &c. 481.
credulous person &c
(dupe) 547.
V. be credulous &c.
adj.; jurare in verba magistri[Lat]; follow
implicitly; swallow, gulp down; take on trust; take
for granted, take for gospel; run away with a notion,
run away with an idea; jump to a conclusion, rush
to a conclusion; think the moon is made of green cheese;
take for granted, grasp the shadow for the substance;
— p. 142 —
#487. Incredulity.—
N. incredulousness[obs3], incredulity;
skepticism, pyrrhonism|!; want of faith &c. (irreligion)
989[obs3].
suspiciousness &c. adj.;
scrupulosity; suspicion &c. (unbelief) 485.
mistrust, cynicism.
unbeliever, skeptic,
cynic; misbeliever.1, pyrrhonist; heretic &c.
(heterodox) 984.
V. be incredulous &c.
adj.; distrust &c. (disbelieve) 485; refuse to
believe; shut one’s eyes to, shut one’s
ears to; turn a deaf ear to; hold aloof, ignore, nullis
jurare in verba magistri[Lat].
Adj. incredulous, skeptical,
unbelieving, inconvincible[obs3]; hard of
belief, shy of belief, disposed to doubt, indisposed
to believe; suspicious, scrupulous, distrustful, cynical.
1The word miscreant, which originally meant simply misbeliever, has now quite another meaning (949). See Trench, On the Study of Words, p. 71.
#488. Assent. —
N. assent, assentment[obs3]; acquiescence, admission;
nod; accord, concord, concordance; agreement &c. 23;
affirmance, affirmation; recognition, acknowledgment,
avowal; confession of faith.
unanimity, common consent,
consensus, acclamation, chorus, vox populi;
popular belief, current belief, current opinion; public
opinion; concurrence &c. (of causes) 178; cooperation
&c. (voluntary) 709.
ratification, confirmation,
corroboration, approval, acceptance, visa;
indorsement &c. (record) 551[obs3].
consent &c. (compliance)
762.
pressure to conform,
herd instinct, peer pressure.
V. assent; give assent,
yield assent, nod assent; acquiesce; agree &c.
23; receive, accept, accede, accord, concur, lend
oneself to, consent, coincide, reciprocate, go with;
be at one with &c. adj.; go along with, chime in with,
strike in with, close in with; echo, enter into one’s
views, agree in opinion; vote, give one’s voice
for; recognize; subscribe to, conform to, defer to;
say yes to, say ditto, amen to, say aye to.
acknowledge, own, admit,
allow, avow, confess; concede &c. (yield)
762; come round to; abide by; permit &c. 760.
arrive at an understanding,
come to an understanding, come to terms,
come to an agreement.
confirm, affirm; ratify,
approve, indorse, countersign; corroborate
&c. 467.
go with the stream,
swim with the stream, go with the flow, blow with
the wind; be in fashion, join in the chorus, join
#489. Dissent.—
N. dissent; discordance &c. (disagreement) 24;
difference diversity of opinion.
nonconformity &c. (heterodoxy)
984; protestantism, recusancy, schism;
disaffection; secession &c. 624; recantation &c. 607.
dissension &c (discord)
713; discontent &c. 832; cavilling.
protest; contradiction
&c (denial) 536; noncompliance &c (rejection)
764.
dissentient, dissenter;
non-juror, non-content, nonconformist;
sectary, separatist, recusant, schismatic, protestant,
heretic.
refusal &c. 764.
V. dissent, demur; call
in question &c. (doubt) 485; differ in
opinion, disagree; say no &c. 536; refuse assent,
refuse to admit; cavil, protest, raise one’s
voice against, repudiate; contradict &c. (deny) 536.
have no notion of, differ
toto caelo[Lat]; revolt at, revolt from the
idea.
shake the head, shrug
the shoulders; look askance, look askant[obs3].
secede; recant &c. 607.
Adj. dissenting &c.
v; negative &c. 536; dissident, dissentient;
unconsenting &c. (refusing) 764; non-content, nonjuring[obs3];
protestant, recusant; unconvinced, unconverted.
unavowed, unacknowledged;
out of the question.
discontented &c. 832;
unwilling &c. 603; extorted.
sectarian, denominational,
schismatic; heterodox; intolerant.
Adv. no &c. 536; at
variance, at issue with; under protest.
Int. God forbid!
not for the world; I’ll be hanged if; never tell
me;
your humble servant, pardon me.
Phr. many men many minds;
quot homines tot sententiae [Lat][Terence];
tant s’en faut[Fr]; il s’en faut bien[Fr];no
way; by no means; count me out.
— p. 143 —
#490. Knowledge.—
N. knowledge; cognizance, cognition, cognoscence|;
acquaintance, experience, ken, privity[obs3], insight,
familiarity; comprehension, apprehension; recognition;
appreciation &c. (judgment) 480; intuition; conscience,
consciousness; perception, precognition; acroamatics|!.
light, enlightenment;
glimpse, inkling; glimmer, glimmering; dawn;
scent, suspicion; impression &c. (idea) 453; discovery
&c. 480a.
system of knowledge,
body of knowledge; science, philosophy,
pansophy[obs3]; acroama|!; theory, aetiology[obs3],
etiology; circle of the sciences; pandect[obs3], doctrine,
body of doctrine; cyclopedia, encyclopedia; school
&c. (system of opinions) 484.
tree of knowledge; republic
of letters &c. (language) 560.
erudition, learning,
lore, scholarship, reading, letters; literature;
book madness; book learning, bookishness; bibliomania[obs3],
bibliolatry[obs3]; information, general information;
store of knowledge &c.; education &c. (teaching) 537;
culture, menticulture[obs3], attainments; acquirements,
acquisitions; accomplishments; proficiency; practical
knowledge &c. (skill) 698; liberal education; dilettantism;
rudiments &c (beginning) 66.
deep knowledge, profound
knowledge, solid knowledge, accurate
knowledge, acroatic knowledge[obs3], acroamatic knowledge[obs3],
vast knowledge, extensive knowledge, encyclopedic
knowledge, encyclopedic learning; omniscience, pantology[obs3].
march of intellect;
progress of science, advance of science, advance
of learning; schoolmaster abroad.
[person who knows much]
scholar &c. 492.
V. know, ken, scan,
wot[obs3]; wot aware[obs3], be aware &c. adj.- of;
ween[obs3], weet[obs3], trow[obs3], have, possess.
conceive; apprehend,
comprehend; take, realize, understand, savvy*
[U.S.], appreciate; fathom, make out; recognize, discern,
perceive, see, get a sight-of, experience.
know full well; have
some knowledge of, possess some knowledge of; be
au courant &c. adj.; have in one’s head, have
at one’ fingers ends; know by heart, know by
rote; be master of; connaitre le dessous des cartes[Fr],
know what’s what &c. 698.
see one’s way;
discover &c. 480a.
come to one’s
knowledge &c. (information) 527.
Adj. knowing &c. v.;
cognitive; acroamatic[obs3].
aware of, cognizant
of, conscious of; acquainted with, made acquainted
with; privy to, no stranger to; au -fait, au courant;
in the secret; up to, alive to; behind the scenes,
behind the curtain; let into; apprized of, informed
of; undeceived.
proficient with, versed
with, read with, forward with, strong with, at
home in; conversant with, familiar with.
erudite, instructed,
leaned, lettered, educated; well conned, well
informed, well read, well grounded, well educated;
enlightened, shrewd, savant, blue, bookish, scholastic,
solid, profound, deep-read, book-learned; accomplished
— p. 144 —
#491. Ignorance.
— N. ignorance, nescience, tabula rasa[Lat],
crass
ignorance, ignorance crasse[Fr]; unfamiliarity, unacquaintance[obs3];
unconsciousness &c. adj.; darkness, blindness; incomprehension,
inexperience, simplicity.
unknown quantities,
x, y, z.
sealed book, terra incognita,
virgin soil, unexplored ground; dark
ages.
[Imperfect knowledge]
smattering, sciolism[obs3], glimmering,
dilettantism; bewilderment &c. (uncertainty) 475;
incapacity.
[Affectation of knowledge]
pedantry; charlatanry, charlatism[obs3];
Philister[obs3], Philistine.
V. be ignorant &c. adj.;
not know &c. 490; know not, know not what,
know nothing of; have no idea, have no notion, have
no conception; not have the remotest idea; not know
chalk from cheese.
ignore, be blind to;
keep in ignorance &c. (conceal) 528.
see through a glass
darkly; have a film over the eyes, have a
glimmering &c. n.; wonder whether; not know what to
make of &c. (unintelligibility) 519; not pretend to
take upon, not take upon one self to say.
Adj. ignorant; nescient;
unknowing, unaware, unacquainted, unapprised,
unapprized[obs3], unwitting, unweeting|, unconscious;
witless, weetless[obs3]; a stranger to; unconversant[obs3].
uninformed, uncultivated,
unversed, uninstructed, untaught,
uninitiated, untutored, unschooled, misguided, unenlightened;
Philistine; behind the age.
shallow, superficial,
green, rude, empty, half-learned, illiterate;
unread, uninformed, uneducated, unlearned, unlettered,
unbookish; empty-headed, dizzy, wooly-headed; pedantic;
in the dark; benighted,
belated; blinded, blindfolded; hoodwinked;
misinformed; au bout de son latin, at the end of his
tether, at fault; at sea &c. (uncertain) 475; caught
tripping.
unknown, unapprehended,
unexplained, unascertained,
uninvestigated[obs3], unexplored, unheard of, not
perceived; concealed &c. 528; novel.
#492. Scholar.—
N. scholar, connoisseur, savant, pundit,
schoolman[obs3], professor, graduate, wrangler; academician,
academist[obs3]; master of arts, doctor, licentitate,
gownsman; philosopher, master of math; scientist,
clerk; sophist, sophister[obs3]; linguist; glossolinguist,
philologist; philologer[obs3]; lexicographer, glossographer;
grammarian; litterateur[Fr], literati, dilettanti,
illuminati, cogniscenti[It]; fellow, Hebraist, lexicologist,
mullah, munshi[obs3], Sanskritish; sinologist, sinologue[obs3];
Mezzofanti[obs3], admirable Crichton, Mecaenas.
bookworm, helluo librorum[Lat];
bibliophile, bibliomaniac[obs3];
bluestocking, bas-bleu[Fr]; bigwig, learned Theban,
don; Artium Baccalaureus[Lat][obs3], Artium Magister[Lat].
learned man, literary
man; homo multarum literarum[Lat]; man of
learning, man of letters, man of education, man of
genius.
antiquarian, antiquary;
archaeologist.
sage &c. (wise man)
500.
pedant, doctrinaire;
pedagogue, Dr. Pangloss; pantologist[obs3],
criminologist.
schoolboy &c. (learner)
541.
Adj. learned &c. 490;
brought up at the feet of Gamaliel.
Phr. “he was a
scholar and a ripe and good one” [Henry VIII];
“the
manifold linguist” [All’s Well That Ends
Well].
#493. Ignoramus.—
N. ignoramus, dunce; wooden spoon; no scholar.
[insulting terms for
ignorant person: see also imbecility 499, folly
501] moron, imbecile, idiot; fool, jerk, nincompoop,
asshole [vulgar].
[person with superficial
knowledge] dilettante, sciolist[obs3],
smatterer, dabbler, half scholar; charlatan; wiseacre.
greenhorn, amateur &c
(dupe) 547; novice, tyro &c (learner) 541;
numskull.
lubber &c (bungler)
701; fool &c. 501; pedant &c 492.
Adj. bookless[obs3], shallow; ignorant &c. 491.
Phr. “a wit with
dunces and a dunce with wits” [Pope].
— p. 145 —
#494. [Object of knowledge.]
Truth. — N. fact, reality &c.
(existence) 1; plain fact, plain matter of fact; nature
&c. (principle) 5; truth, verity; gospel, gospel truth,
God’s honest truth; orthodoxy &c. 983a; authenticity;
veracity &c. 543; correctness, correctitude[obs3].
accuracy, exactitude;
exactness, preciseness &c. adj.; precision,
delicacy; rigor, mathematical precision, punctuality;
clockwork precision &c. (regularity) 80; conformity
to rule; nicety.
orthology[obs3]; ipsissima
verba[Lat]; realism.
#495. Error. —
N. error, fallacy; misconception, misapprehension,
misstanding[obs3], misunderstanding; inexactness &c.
adj.; laxity; misconstruction &c. (misinterpretation)
523; miscomputation &c. (misjudgment) 481; non sequitur
&c. 477; mis-statement, mis-report; mumpsimus[obs3].
mistake; miss, fault,
blunder, quiproquo, cross purposes, oversight,
misprint, erratum, corrigendum, slip, blot, flaw,
loose thread; trip, stumble &c. (failure) 732; botchery
&c. (want of skill) 699[obs3]; slip of the tongue,
slip of the lip, Freudian slip; slip of the pen; lapsus
linguae[Lat], clerical error; bull &c. (absurdity)
497; haplography[obs3].
illusion, delusion;
snare; false impression, false idea; bubble; self-
decit, self-deception; mists of error.
heresy &c. (heterodoxy)
984; hallucination &c. (insanity) 503; false
light &c. (fallacy of vision) 443; dream &c. (fancy)
515; fable &c. (untruth) 546; bias &c. (misjudgment)
481; misleading &c. v.
V. be erroneous &c.
adj.
cause error; mislead,
misguide; lead astray, lead into error; beguile,
misinform &c. (misteach) 538[obs3]; delude; give a
false impression, give a false idea; falsify, misstate;
deceive &c. 545; lie &c. 544.
err; be -in error &c.
adj., be mistaken &c. v.; be deceived &c.
(duped) 547; mistake, receive a false impression,
deceive oneself; fall into error, lie under error,
labor under an error &c. n.; be in the wrong, blunder;
misapprehend, misconceive, misunderstand, misreckon,
miscount, miscalculate &c. (misjudge) 481.
play at cross purposes,
be at cross purposes &c. (misinterpret) 523.
trip, stumble; lose
oneself &c. (uncertainty) 475; go astray; fail &c.
732; be in the wrong box; take the wrong sow by the
ear &c. (mismanage) 699; put the saddle on the wrong
horse; reckon without one’s host; take the shadow
for the substance &c (credulity) 486; dream &c (imagine)
515.
Adj. erroneous, untrue,
false, devoid of truth, fallacious,
apocryphal, unreal, ungrounded, groundless; unsubstantial
&c. 4; heretical &c. (heterodox) 984; unsound; illogical
&c. 477.
inexact, unexact inaccurate[obs3],
incorrect; indefinite &c.
(uncertain) 475.
illusive, illusory;
delusive; mock, ideal &c (imaginary) 515; spurious
&c. 545; deceitful &c. 544; perverted.
controvertible, unsustainable;
unauthenticated, untrustworthy.
exploded, refuted; discarded.
in error, under an error
&c. n.; mistaken &c. v.; tripping &c. v.;
out, out in one’s reckoning; aberrant; beside
the mark, wide of the mark, wide of the truth, way
off, far off; astray &c (at fault) 475; on a false
scent, on the wrong scent; in the wrong box, outside
the ballpark; at cross purposes, all in the wrong;
all out.
Adv. more or less.
Phr. errare est humanum[Lat];
mentis gratissimus error [Lat][Horace];
“on the dubious waves of error tost” [Cowper];
“to err is human, to forgive divine” [Pope];
“you lie — under a mistake”
[Shelley].
— p. 146 —
#496. Maxim.—
N. maxim, aphorism; apothegm, apophthegm[obs3];
dictum, saying, adage, saw, proverb; sentence, mot[Fr],
motto, word, byword, moral, phylactery, protasis[obs3].
axiom, theorem, scholium[obs3],
truism, postulate.
first principles, a
priori fact, assumption (supposition) 514.
reflection &c (idea)
453; conclusion &c (judgment) 480; golden rule
&c. (precept) 697; principle, principia[Lat]; profession
of faith &c. (belief) 484; settled principle, accepted
principle, formula.
accepted fact.
received truth, wise
maxim, sage maxim, received maxim, admitted
maxim, recognized maxim &c; true saying, common saying,
hackneyed saying, trite saying, commonplace saying
&c.
Adj. aphoristic, proverbial,
phylacteric[obs3]; axiomatic, gnomic.
Adv. as the saying goes,
as the saying is, as they say.
#497. Absurdity.
— N. absurdity, absurdness &c. adj.; imbecility
&c.
499; alogy|, nonsense, utter nonsense; paradox, inconsistency;
stultiloquy[obs3], stultiloquence[obs3]; nugacity[obs3].
blunder, muddle, bull;
Irishism|!, Hibernicism|!; slipslop[obs3];
anticlimax, bathos; sophism &c. 477.
farce, galimathias[obs3],
amphigouri[obs3], rhapsody; farrago &c
(disorder) 59; betise[Fr]; extravagance, romance;
sciamachy[obs3].
sell, pun, verbal quibble,
macaronic[obs3].
jargon, fustian, twaddle,
gibberish &c (no meaning) 517; exaggeration
&c 549; moonshine, stuff; mare’s nest, quibble,
self-delusion.
vagary, tomfoolery,
poppycock, mummery, monkey trick, boutade[Fr],
escapade.
V. play the fool &c.
499; talk nonsense, parler a tort et a
travess[Fr]; battre la campagne[Fr][obs3]; gr/
hanemolia bazein/gr; be — absurd &c. adj.
Adj. absurd, nonsensical,
preposterous, egregious, senseless,
inconsistent, ridiculous, extravagant, quibbling;
self-annulling, self-contradictory; macaronic[obs3],
punning.
foolish &c. 499; sophistical
&c. 477; unmeaning &c. 517; without rhyme
or reason; fantastic.
Int. fiddlededee! pish!
pho[obs3]! “in the name of the Prophet—figs!”
[Horace Smith].
Phr. credat Judaeus
Apella [Lat][Horace]; tell it to the marines.
— p. 147 —
#498. Intelligence.
Wisdom. — N. intelligence, capacity,
comprehension, understanding; cuteness, sabe * [obs3][U.S.],
savvy * [U.S.]; intellect &c. 450; nous[Fr], parts,
sagacity, mother wit, wit, esprit, gumption, quick
parts, grasp of intellect; acuteness &c adj.; acumen,
subtlety, penetration, perspicacy[obs3], perspicacity;
discernment, due sense of, good judgment; discrimination
&c 465; cunning &c. 702; refinement &c (taste) 850.
head, brains, headpiece,
upper story, long head; eagle eye, eagle-
glance; eye of a lynx, eye of a hawk.
wisdom, sapience, sense;
good sense, common sense, horse sense [U.S.],
#499. Imbecility.
Folly — N. want of -intelligence &c. 498,
want of —
intellect &c. 450; shadowness[obs3], silliness, foolishness
&c. adj.; imbecility, incapacity, vacancy of mind,
poverty of intellect, weakness of intellect, clouded
perception, poor head, apartments to let; stupidity,
stolidity; hebetude[obs3], dull understanding, meanest
capacity, shortsightedness; incompetence &c (unskillfulness)
699.
one’s weak side,
not one’s strong point; bias &c 481; infatuation
&c.
(insanity) 503.
simplicity, puerility,
babyhood; dotage, anility[obs3], second
childishness, fatuity; idiocy, idiotism[obs3]; driveling.
folly, frivolity, irrationality,
trifling, ineptitude, nugacity[obs3],
inconsistency, lip wisdom, conceit; sophistry &c.
477; giddiness &c (inattention) 458; eccentricity
&c. 503; extravagance &c (absurdity) 497; rashness
&c. 863.
act of folly &c. 699.
b. be — imbecile
&c adj.; have no -brains, have no sense &c. 498.
trifle, drivel, radoter[obs3],
dote; ramble &c (madness) 503; play the
fool, play the monkey, monkey around, fool around;
take leave of one’s senses (insanity) 503; not
see an inch beyond one’s nose; stultify oneself
&c. 699; talk nonsense &c. 497.
Adj. unintelligent[Applied
to persons], unintellectual, unreasoning;
mindless, witless, reasoningless[obs3], brainless;
halfbaked; having no head &c. 498; not -bright &c.
498; inapprehensible[obs3].
weak headed, addle headed,
puzzle headed, blunder headed, muddle
headed, muddy headed, pig headed, beetle headed, buffle
headed[obs3], chuckle headed, mutton headed, maggoty
headed, grossheaded[obs3]; beef headed, fat witted,
fat-headed.
weak-minded, feeble-minded;
dull minded, shallow minded, lack-brained;
rattle-brained, rattle headed; half witted, lean witted,
short witted, dull witted, blunt-witted, shallow-pated[obs3],
clod-pated[obs3], addle-pated[obs3]; dim-sighted,
short-sighted; thick-skulled; weak in the upper story.
shallow, borne, weak,
wanting, soft, sappy, spoony; dull, dull as a
beetle; stupid, heavy, insulse[obs3], obtuse, blunt,
stolid, doltish; asinine; inapt &c. 699; prosaic &c.
843; hebetudinous[obs3].
childish, child-like;
infantine[obs3], infantile, babyish,
babish[obs3]; puerile, anile; simple &c. (credulous)
486; old-womanish.
fatuous, idiotic, imbecile,
driveling; blatant, babbling; vacant;
sottish; bewildered &c.475.
blockish[obs3], unteachable
Boeotian, Boeotic; bovine; ungifted,
undiscerning[obs3], unenlightened, unwise, unphilosophical[obs3];
apish; simious[obs3].
foolish, silly, senseless,
irrational, insensate, nonsensical, inept;
maudlin.
narrow-minded &c. 481;
bigoted &c. (obstinate) 606; giddy &c.
(thoughtless) 458; rash &c. 863; eccentric &c. (crazed)
503.
[Applied to actions]
foolish, unwise, injudicious, improper,
unreasonable, without reason, ridiculous, absurd,
— p. 148 —
#500. Sage —
N. sage, wise man; genius; master mind, master spirit
of
the age; longhead[obs3], thinker; intellectual, longhair.
authority, oracle, luminary,
shining light, esprit fort, magnus
Apollo[Lat][obs3], Solon, Solomon, Nestor, Magi, “second
Daniel.”
man of learning &c.
492; expert &c. 700; wizard &c. 994.
[Ironically] wiseacre,
bigwig, know-it-all; poor man’s Einstein.
Adj. venerable, reverenced,
emeritus.
Phr. barba tenus sapientes[Lat].
#501. Fool. —
N. fool, idiot, tomfool, wiseacre, simpleton,
witling[obs3], dizzard[obs3], donkey, ass; ninny,
ninnyhammer[obs3]; chowderhead[obs3], chucklehead[obs3];
dolt, booby, Tom Noddy, looby[obs3], hoddy-doddy[obs3],
noddy, nonny, noodle, nizy[obs3], owl; goose, goosecap[obs3];
imbecile; gaby[obs3]; radoteur[obs3], nincompoop,
badaud[obs3], zany; trifler, babbler; pretty fellow;
natural, niais[obs3].
child, baby, infant,
innocent, milksop, sop.
oaf, lout, loon, lown[obs3],
dullard, doodle, calf, colt, buzzard,
block, put, stick, stock, numps[obs3], tony.
bull head, dunderhead,
addlehead[obs3], blockhead, dullhead[obs3],
loggerhead, jolthead[obs3], jolterhead[obs3], beetlehead[obs3],
beetlebrain, grosshead[obs3], muttonhead, noodlehead,
giddyhead[obs3]; numbskull, thickskull[obs3]; lackbrain[obs3],
shallowbrain[obs3]; dimwit, halfwit, lackwit[obs3];
dunderpate[obs3]; lunkhead
sawney[obs3][U.S.],
gowk[obs3]; clod, clod-hopper; clod-poll, clot-
poll, clot-pate; bull calf; gawk, Gothamite, lummox,
rube [U.S.]; men of Boeotia, wise men of Gotham.
un sot a triple etage[Fr],
sot; jobbernowl[obs3], changeling,
mooncalf, gobemouche[obs3].
dotard, driveler; old
fogey, old woman, crock; crone, grandmother;
cotquean[obs3], henhussy[obs3].
incompetent (insanity)
503.
greenhorn &c (dupe)
547; dunce &c (ignoramus) 493; lubber &c (bungler)
701; madman &c 504.
one who will not set
the Thames on fire; one who did not invent
gunpowder, qui n’a pas invente’ la poudre
[Fr]; no conjuror.
Phr. fortuna favet fatuis[Lat];
les fous font les festinas et les
sages les mangent [Fr]; nomina stultorum parietibus
harrent [Lat]; stultorum plena sunt omnia [Lat][Cicero].
#502. Sanity. —
N. sanity; soundness &c. adj.; rationality, sobriety,
lucidity, lucid interval; senses, sober senses, right
mind, sound mind, mens sana[Lat].
V. be sane &c. adj.;
retain one’s senses, retain one’s reason.
become sane &c. adj.;
come to one’s senses, sober down.
render sane &c. adj;
bring to one’s senses, sober.
Adj. sane, rational,
reasonable, compos mentis, of sound mind; sound,
sound-minded; lucid.
self-possessed; sober,
sober-minded.
in one’s sober
senses, in one’s right mind; in possession of
one’s
faculties.
Adv. sanely &c.adj.
— p. 149 —
#503. Insanity.
— N. disordered reason, disordered intellect;
diseased mind, unsound mind, abnormal mind; derangement,
unsoundness; psychosis; neurosis; cognitive disorder;
affective disorder[obs3].
insanity, lunacy; madness
&c. adj.; mania, rabies, furor, mental
alienation, aberration; paranoia, schizophrenia; dementation[obs3],
dementia, demency[obs3]; phrenitis[obs3], phrensy[obs3],
frenzy, raving, incoherence, wandering, delirium,
calenture of the brain[obs3]; delusion, hallucination;
lycanthropy[obs3]; brain storm|!.
vertigo, dizziness,
swimming; sunstroke, coup de soleil[Fr],
siriasis[obs3].
fanaticism, infatuation,
craze; oddity, eccentricity, twist, monomania
(caprice) 608; kleptodipsomania[obs3]; hypochondriasis
&c. (low spirits) 837[Med]; melancholia, depression,
clinical depression, severe depression; hysteria;
amentia[obs3].
screw loose, tile loose,
slate loose; bee in one’s bonnet, rats in the
upper story.
dotage &c. (imbecility)
499.
V. be insane &c. adj.
become insane &c. adj;
lose one’s senses, lose one’s reason, lose
one’s faculties, lose one’s wits; go mad,
run mad, lose one’s marbles [coll.], go crazy,
go bonkers [coll.], flip one’s wig [coll.], flip
one’s lid[coll.], flip out[coll.], flip one’s
bush [coll.].
rave, dote, ramble,
wander; drivel &c. (be imbecile) 499; have a screw
loose &c. n., have a devil; avoir le diable au corps[Fr];
lose one’s head &c. (be uncertain) 475.
render mad, drive mad
&c adj.; madden, dementate[obs3], addle the
wits, addle the brain, derange the head, infatuate,
befool[obs3]; turn the brain, turn one’s head;
drive one nuts [coll.].
Adj. insane, mad, lunatic,
loony[coll.]; crazy, crazed, aliene[obs3],
non compos mentis; not right, cracked, touched; bereft
of reason; all possessed, unhinged, unsettled in one’s
mind; insensate, reasonless, beside oneself, demented,
daft; phrenzied[obs3], frenzied, frenetic; possessed,
possessed with a devil; deranged, maddened, moonstruck;
shatterpated[obs3]; mad-brained, scatter brained,
shatter brained, crackbrained; touched, tetched [dialect];
off one’s head.
[behavior suggesting
insanity] maniacal; delirious, lightheaded,
incoherent, rambling, doting, wandering; frantic,
#504. Madman. —
N. madman, lunatic, maniac, bedlamite[obs3],
candidate for Bedlam, raver[obs3], madcap, crazy;
energumen[obs3]; automaniac[obs3], monomaniac, dipsomaniac,
kleptomaniac; hypochondriac &c. (low spirits); crank,
Tom o’Bedlam.
dreamer &c. 515; rhapsodist,
seer, highflier[obs3], enthusiast,
fanatic, fanatico[Sp]; exalte[French]; knight errant,
Don Quixote.
idiot &c. 501.
— p. 150 — % SECTION VI EXTENSION OF THOUGHT
1. To the Past %
#505. Memory.—
N. memory, remembrance; retention, retentiveness;
tenacity; veteris vestigia flammae[Lat]; tablets of
the memory; readiness.
reminiscence, recognition,
recollection, rememoration[obs3];
recurrence, flashback; retrospect, retrospection.
afterthought, post script,
PS.
suggestion &c. (information)
527; prompting &c. v.; hint, reminder;
remembrancer[obs3], flapper; memorial &c. (record)
551; commemoration &c. (celebration) 883.
[written reminder]
note, memo, memorandum;
things to be remembered,
token of remembrance, memento, souvenir,
keepsake, relic, memorabilia.
art of memory, artificial
memory; memoria technica[Lat]; mnemonics,
mnemotechnics[obs3]; phrenotypics[obs3]; Mnemosyne.
prompt-book; crib sheet,
cheat sheet.
retentive memory, tenacious
memory, photographic memory, green
memory|!, trustworthy memory, capacious memory, faithful
memory, correct memory, exact memory, ready memory,
prompt memory, accurate recollection; perfect memory,
total recall.
celebrity, fame, renown,
reputation &c. (repute) 873.
V. remember, mind; retain
the memory of, retain the remembrance of;
keep in view.
recognize, recollect,
bethink oneself, recall, call up, retrace; look
back, trace back, trace backwards; think back, look
back upon; review; call upon, recall upon, bring to
#506. Oblivion.—
N. oblivion, obliviousness, lethe; forgetfulness &c.
adj.; amnesia; obliteration &c. 552 of, insensibility
&c. 823 to the past.
short memory, treacherous
memory, poor memory, loose memory, slippery
memory, failing memory; decay of memory, failure of
memory, lapse of memory; waters of Lethe, waters of
oblivion.
amnesty, general pardon.
[deliberate or unconscious
forgetting] repressed memory.
V. forget; be forgetful
&c. adj.; fall into oblivion, sink into
oblivion; have a short memory &c. n., have no head.
forget one’s own
name, have on the tip of one’s tongue, come in
one
ear and go out the other.
slip memory, escape
memory, fade from memory, die away from the
memory; lose, lose sight of.
fail to recall, not
be able to recall.
[cause oneself to forget:
transitive] unlearn; efface &c. 552,
discharge from the memory; consign to oblivion, consign
to the tomb of the Capulets; think no more of &c.
(turn the attention from) 458; cast behind one’s
back, wean one’s thoughts from; let bygones be
bygones &c.(forgive) 918.
Adj. forgotten &c. v.;
unremembered, past recollection, bygone, out of
mind; buried in oblivion, sunk in oblivion; clean
forgotten; gone out of one’s head, gone out
of one’s recollection.
forgetful, oblivious,
mindless, Lethean; insensible &c. 823 to the
past; heedless.
Phr. non mi ricordo[It];
the memory failing, the memory deserting one,
being at (or in) fault.
— p. 151 —
#507. Expectation.
— N. expectation, expectance, expectancy;
anticipation, reckoning, calculation; foresight &c.
510.
contemplation, prospection[obs3],
lookout; prospect, perspective,
horizon, vista; destiny &c. 152.
suspense, waiting, abeyance;
curiosity &c. 455; anxious expectation,
ardent expectation, eager expectation, breathless
expectation, sanguine expectation; torment of Tantalus.
hope &c. 858; trust
&c. (belief) 484; auspices &c. (prediction) 511;
assurance, confidence, presumption, reliance.
V. expect; look for,
look out for, look forward to; hope for;
anticipate; have in prospect, have in contemplation;
keep in view; contemplate, promise oneself; not wonder
&c. 870 at, not wonder if.
wait for, tarry for,
lie in wait for, watch for, bargain for; keep a
good lookout for, keep a sharp lookout for; await;
stand at “attention,” abide, bide one’s
time, watch.
foresee &c. 510; prepare
for &c. 673; forestall &c. (be early) 132;
count upon &c. (believe in) 484; think likely &c.
(probability) 472.
lead one to expect &c.
(predict) 511; have in store for &c. (destiny)
152.
prick up one’s
ears, hold one’s breath.
Adj. expectant; expecting
&c. v.; in expectation &c. n.; on the watch
&c. (vigilant) 459; open-eyed, open-mouthed, in wide-eyed
anticipation; agape, gaping, all agog; on tenterhooks,
#508. Inexpectation.
— N. inexpectation[obs3], non-expectation;
false
expectation &c. (disappointment) 509; miscalculation
&c. 481.
surprise, sudden burst,
thunderclap, blow, shock, start; bolt out of
the blue; wonder &c. 870; eye opener.
unpleasant surprise,
pleasant surprise.
V. not expect &c. 507;
be taken by surprise; start; miscalculate &c.
481; not bargain for; come upon, fall upon.
be unexpected &c. adj.;
come unawares &c. adv.; turn up, pop, drop
from the clouds; come upon one, burst upon one, flash
upon one, bounce upon one, steal upon one, creep upon
one; come like a thunder clap, burst like a thunderclap,
thunder bolt; take by surprise, catch by surprise,
catch unawares, catch napping; yach [obs3][S.
Africa].
pounce upon, spring
a mine upon.
surprise, startle, take
aback, electrify, stun, stagger, take away
one’s breath, throw off one’s guard; astonish,
dumbfound &c. (strike with wonder) 870.
Adj. nonexpectant[obs3];
surprised &c. v.; unwarned, unaware; off
one’s guard; inattentive 458.
unexpected, unanticipated,
unpredicted[obs3], unlooked for,
unforeseen, unhoped for; dropped from the clouds;
beyond expectation, contrary to expectation, against
expectation, against all expectation; out of one’s
reckoning; unheard of &c. (exceptional) 83; startling,
surprising; sudden &c. (instantaneous) 113.
unpredictable, unforeseeable
(unknowable) 519.
Adv. abruptly, unexpectedly,
surprisingly; plump, pop, a
l’improviste[Fr], unawares; without notice,
without warning, without a “by your leave”;
like a thief in the night, like a thunderbolt; in an
unguarded moment; suddenly &c. (instantaneously) 113.
Int. heydey[obs3]! &c.
(wonder) 870.
Phr. little did one
think, little did one expect; nobody would ever
suppose, nobody would ever think, nobody would ever
expect; who would have thought? it beats the Dutch|!.
#509. [Failure of expectation.]
Disappointment.— N. disappointment;
blighted hope, balk; blow; anticlimax; slip ’twixt
cup and lip; nonfulfillment of one’s hopes;
sad disappointment, bitter disappointment; trick of
fortune; afterclap; false expectation, vain expectation;
miscalculation &c. 481; fool’s paradise; much
cry and little wool.
— p. 152 —
#510. Foresight.
— N. foresight, prospicience[obs3], prevision,
long-
sightedness; anticipation; providence &c. (preparation)
673.
forethought, forecast;
predeliberation[obs3], presurmise[obs3];
foregone conclusion &c. (prejudgment) 481; prudence
&c. (caution) 864.
foreknowledge; prognosis;
precognition, prescience, prenotion[obs3],
presentiment; second sight; sagacity &c. (intelligence)
498; antepast[obs3], prelibation[obs3], prophasis[obs3].
prospect &c. (expectation)
507; foretaste; prospectus &c. (plan) 626.
V. foresee; look forwards
to, look ahead, look beyond; scent from
afar; look into the future, pry into the future, peer
into the future.
see one’s way;
see how the land lies, get the lay of the land, see
how
the wind blows, test the waters, see how the cat jumps.
anticipate; expect &c.
507; be beforehand &c. (early) 132; predict &c.
511; foreknow, forejudge, forecast; presurmise[obs3];
have an eye to the future, have an eye to the main
chance; respicere finem[Lat]; keep a sharp lookout
&c. (vigilance) 459; forewarn &c. 668.
Adj. foreseeing &c.
v.; prescient; farseeing, farsighted; sagacious
&c. (intelligent) 498; weatherwise[obs3]; provident
&c. (prepared) 673; prospective &c. 507.
Adv. against the time
when.
Phr. cernit omnia Deus
vindex[Lat]; mihi cura futuri[Lat]; run it up
the flagpole and see who salutes.
#511. Prediction.—
N. prediction, announcement; program, programme
&c. (plan) 626[Brit]; premonition &c. (warning) 668;
prognosis, prophecy, vaticination, mantology[obs3],
prognostication, premonstration|; augury, auguration|;
ariolation|, hariolation|; foreboding, aboding[obs3];
bodement[obs3], abodement[obs3]; omniation|, omniousness[obs3];
auspices, forecast; omen &c. 512; horoscope, nativity;
sooth[obs3], soothsaying; fortune telling, crystal
gazing; divination; necromancy &c. 992.
[Divination by the stars]
[1] The following terms,
expressive of different forms of divination,
have been collected from various sources, and are
here given as a curious illustration of bygone superstitions:-
Divination by oracles,
Theomancy[obs3]; by the Bible, Bibliomancy; by
ghosts, Psychomancy[obs3]; by crystal gazing, Crystallomancy[obs3];
by shadows or manes, Sciomancy; by appearances in
the air, Aeromancy[obs3], Chaomancy[obs3]; by the
stars at birth, Genethliacs; by meteors, Meteoromancy[obs3];
by winds, Austromancy[obs3]; by sacrificial appearances,
Aruspicy (or Haruspicy)[obs3], Hieromancy[obs3], Hieroscopy[obs3];
by the entrails of animals sacrificed, Extispicy[obs3],
Hieromancy[obs3]; by the entrails of a human sacrifice,
Anthropomancy[obs3]; by the entrails of fishes, Ichthyomancy[obs3];
by sacrificial fire, Pyromancy[obs3]; by red-hot iron,
Sideromancy[obs3]; by smoke from the altar, Capnomancy[obs3];
by mice, Myomancy[obs3]; by birds, Orniscopy[obs3],
Ornithomancy[obs3]; by a cock picking up grains, Alectryomancy
(or Alectromancy)[obs3]; by fishes, Ophiomancy[obs3];
by herbs, Botanomancy[obs3]; by water, Hydromancy[obs3];
by fountains, Pegomancy[obs3]; by a wand, Rhabdomancy;
by dough of cakes, Crithomancy[obs3]; by meal, Aleuromancy[obs3],
Alphitomancy[obs3]; by salt, Halomancy[obs3]; by dice,
Cleromancy[obs3]; by arrows, Belomancy[obs3]; by a
balanced hatchet, Axinomancy[obs3]; by a balanced sieve,
Coscinomancy[obs3]; by a suspended ring, Dactyliomancy[obs3];
by dots made at random on paper, Geomancy[obs3]; by
— p. 153 —
#512. Omen.—
N. omen, portent, presage, prognostic, augury, auspice;
sign &c. (indication) 550; harbinger &c. (precursor)
64; yule candle|!.
bird of ill omen; signs
of the times; gathering clouds; warning &c.
668.
prefigurement &c. 511.
Adj. ill-boding.
Phr. auspicium melioris
aevi[Lat][obs3].
#513. Oracle.—
N. oracle; prophet, prophesier, seer, soothsayer,
augur, fortune teller, crystal gazer[obs3], witch,
geomancer[obs3], aruspex[obs3]; aruspice[obs3], haruspice[obs3];
haruspex; astrologer, star gazer[obs3]; Sibyl; Python,
Pythoness[obs3]; Pythia; Pythian oracle, Delphian
oracle; Monitor, Sphinx, Tiresias, Cassandra[obs3],
Sibylline leaves; Zadkiel, Old Moore; sorcerer &c.
994; interpreter &c. 524.
[person who predicts
by non-mystical (natural) means] predictor,
prognosticator, forecaster; weather forecaster, weatherman.
Phr. a prophet is without
honor in his own country; “you don’t need
a
weatherman to know which way the wind blows”
[Bob Dylan].
% SECTION VII. CREATIVE THOUGHT %
#514. Supposition.—
N. supposition, assumption, assumed position,
postulation, condition, presupposition, hypothesis,
blue sky hypothesis, postulate, postulatum[Lat], theory;
thesis, theorem; data; proposition, position; proposal
&c. (plan) 626; presumption &c. (belief) 484; divination.
conjecture; guess, guesswork,
speculation; rough guess, shot, shot in
the dark [coll.]; conjecturality[obs3]; surmise, suspicion,
sneaking suspicion; estimate, approximation (nearness)
197.
inkling, suggestion,
hint, intimation, notion, impression; bare
supposition, vague supposition, loose supposition,
loose suggestion.
association of ideas,
(analogy) 514a; metonym[Gram], metonymy[Gram],
simile (metaphor) 521.
conceit, idea, thought;
original idea, invention (imagination) 515.
V. suppose, conjecture,
surmise, suspect, guess, divine; theorize;
presume, presurmise[obs3], presuppose; assume, fancy,
wis[obs3], take it; give a guess, speculate, believe,
— p. 154 —
— under creative thought we should include
a separate section on analogy,
metaphor, association etc. distinct from 521?? —
#514a. Analogy
— N. analogy, association, association
of ideas.
metaphor &c. 521.
analogical thinking;
free association; train of thought.
Adj. analogical.
#515. Imagination.
— N. imagination; originality; invention;
fancy;
inspiration; verve.
warm imagination, heated
imagination, excited imagination, sanguine
imagination, ardent imagination, fiery imagination,
boiling imagination, wild imagination, bold imagination,
daring imagination, playful imagination, lively imagination,
fertile imagination, fancy.
“mind’s
eye”; “such stuff as dreams are made of”
[Tempest].
ideality, idealism;
romanticism, utopianism, castle-building.
dreaming; phrensy[obs3],
frenzy; ecstasy, extasy[obs3]; calenture &c.
(delirium) 503[obs3]; reverie, trance; day dream,
golden dream; somnambulism.
conception, Vorstellung[Ger],
excogitation[obs3], “a fine frenzy”;
cloudland[obs3], dreamland; flight of fancy, fumes
of fancy; “thick coming fancies” [Macbeth];
creation of the brain, coinage of the brain; imagery.
conceit, maggot, figment,
myth, dream, vision, shadow, chimera;
phantasm, phantasy; fantasy, fancy; whim, whimsey[obs3],
whimsy; vagary, rhapsody, romance, gest[obs3], geste[obs3],
extravaganza; air drawn dagger, bugbear, nightmare.
flying Dutchman, great
sea serpent, man in the moon, castle in the
air, pipe dream, pie-in-the-sky, chateau en Espagne[Fr];
Utopia, Atlantis[obs3], happy valley, millennium,
fairyland; land of Prester John, kingdom of Micomicon;
work of fiction &c. (novel) 594; Arabian nights[obs3];
le pot au lait[Fr]; dream of Alnashar &c. (hope) 858[obs3].
illusion &c. (error)
495; phantom &c. (fallacy of vision) 443; Fata
Morgana &c. (ignis fatuus) 423[Lat]; vapor &c. (cloud)
353; stretch of the imagination &c. (exaggeration)
549; mythogenesis[obs3].
% DIVISION (II) COMMUNICATION OF IDEAS
SECTION I. NATURE OF IDEAS COMMUNICATED.
%
#516. [Idea to be conveyed.]
Meaning. [Thing signified.] — N.
meaning; signification, significance; sense, expression;
import, purport; force; drift, tenor, spirit, bearing,
coloring; scope.
[important part of the
meaning] substance; gist, essence, marrow,
spirit &c. 5.
matter; subject, subject
matter; argument, text, sum and substance.
general meaning, broad
meaning, substantial meaning, colloquial
meaning, literal meaning, plain meaning, simple meaning,
natural meaning, unstrained meaning, true &c. (exact)
494 meaning, honest &c. 543 meaning, prima facie &c.
(manifest) 525 meaning[Lat]; letter of the law.
literally; after acceptation.
synonym; implication,
allusion &c. (latency) 526; suggestion &c.
(information) 527; figure of speech &c. 521; acceptation
&c. (interpretation) 522.
V. mean, signify, express;
import, purport; convey, imply, breathe,
— p. 155 —
#517. [Absence of meaning.]
Unmeaningness. — N. meaninglessness,
unmeaningness &c. adj[obs3].; scrabble.
empty sound, dead letter,
vox et praeterea nihil[Lat]; “a tale told by
an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing”;
“sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal.”
nonsense, utter nonsense,
gibberish; jargon, jabber, mere words,
hocus-pocus, fustian, rant, bombast, balderdash, palaver,
flummery, verbiage, babble, baverdage, baragouin[obs3],
platitude, niaiserie[obs3]; inanity; flap-doodle;
rigmarole, rodomontade; truism; nugae canorae[Lat];
twaddle, twattle, fudge, trash, garbage, humbug; poppy-cock
[U.S.]; stuff, stuff and nonsense; bosh, rubbish,
moonshine, wish-wash, fiddle-faddle; absurdity &c.
497; vagueness &c. (unintelligibility) 519.
[routine or reflexive
statements without substantive thought, esp.
legal] boilerplate.
V. mean nothing; be
unmeaning &c. adj.; twaddle, quibble, scrabble.
Adj. unmeaning; meaningless,
senseless; nonsensical; void of sense &c.
516.
inexpressive, unexpressive;
vacant; not significant &c. 516;
insignificant.
trashy, washy, trumpery,
trivial, fiddle-faddle, twaddling, quibbling.
unmeant, not expressed;
tacit &c. (latent) 526.
inexpressible, undefinable,
incommunicable.
#518. Intelligibility.
— N. intelligibility; clearness, explicitness
&c. adj.; lucidity, comprehensibility, perspicuity;
legibility, plain speaking &c. (manifestation) 525;
precision &c. 494; gr/phonanta synetoisy/gr[Grk][Grk];
a word to the wise.
V. be intelligible &c.
adj.; speak for itself, speak volumes; tell its
own tale, lie on the surface.
render intelligible
&c. adj.; popularize, simplify, clear up;
elucidate &c. (explain) 522.
understand, comprehend,
take, take in; catch, grasp, follow, collect,
master, make out; see with half an eye, see daylight,
see one’s way; enter into the ideas of; come
to an understanding.
Adj. intelligible; clear,
clear as day, clear as noonday; lucid;
perspicuous, transpicuous[obs3]; luminous, transparent.
easily understood, easy
to understand, for the million, intelligible
to the meanest capacity, popularized.
plain, distinct, explicit;
positive; definite &c. (precise) 494.
#519. Unintelligibility.—
N. unintelligibility; incomprehensibility,
imperspicuity[obs3]; inconceivableness, vagueness
&c. adj.; obscurity; ambiguity &c. 520; doubtful meaning;
uncertainty &c. 475; perplexity &c. (confusion) 59;
spinosity[obs3]; obscurum per obscurius[Lat]; mystification
&c. (concealment) 528; latency &c. 526; transcendentalism.
paradox, oxymoron; riddle,
enigma, puzzle &c. (secret) 533; diagnus
vindice nodus[Lat]; sealed book; steganography[obs3],
freemasonry.
pons asinorum[Lat],
asses’ bridge; high Dutch, Greek, Hebrew; jargon
&c. (unmeaning) 517.
V. be unintelligible
&c. adj.; require explanation &c. 522; have a
doubtful meaning, pass comprehension.
render unintelligible
&c. adj.; conceal &c 528; darken &c. 421;
confuse &c. (derange) 61; perplex &c. (bewilder)
475.
not understand &c. 518;
lose, lose the clue; miss; not know what to
make of, be able to make nothing of, give it up; not
be able to account for, not be able to make either
head or tail of; be at sea &c. (uncertain) 475; wonder
&c. 870; see through a glass darkly &c. (ignorance)
491.
not understand one another;
play at cross purposes &c. (misinterpret)
523.
Adj. unintelligible,
unaccountable, undecipherable, undiscoverable,
unknowable, unfathomable; incognizable[obs3], inexplicable,
inscrutable; inapprehensible[obs3], incomprehensible;
insolvable[obs3], insoluble; impenetrable.
illegible, as Greek
to one, unexplained, paradoxical; enigmatic,
enigmatical, puzzling (secret) 533; indecipherable.
obscure, dark, muddy,
clear as mud, seen through a mist, dim,
nebulous, shrouded in mystery; opaque, dense; undiscernible
&c. (invisible) 447[obs3]; misty &c. (opaque) 426;
hidden &c 528; latent &c 526.
indefinite, garbled
&c (indistinct) 447; perplexed &c. (confused) 59;
undetermined, vague, loose, ambiguous; mysterious;
mystic, mystical; acroamatic[obs3], acroamatical[obs3];
metempirical; transcendental; occult, recondite, abstruse,
crabbed.
inconceivable, inconceptible[obs3];
searchless[obs3]; above
comprehension, beyond comprehension, past comprehension;
beyond one’s depth; unconceived.
inexpressible, undefinable,
incommunicable.
unpredictable, unforeseeable.
Phr. it’s Greek
to me.
— p. 156 —
#520. [Having a double
sense] Equivocalness.— N. equivocalness
&c
adj.; double meaning &c. 516; ambiguity, double entente,
double entendre[Fr], pun, paragram[obs3], calembour[obs3],
quibble, equivoque[Fr], anagram; conundrum &c (riddle)
533; play on words, word play &c. (wit) 842; homonym,
homonymy[Gram]; amphiboly[obs3], amphibology[obs3];
ambilogy[obs3], ambiloquy|.
Sphinx, Delphic oracle.
equivocation &c. (duplicity)
544; white lie, mental reservation &c.
(concealment) 528; paltering.
V. be -equivocal &c.
adj.; have two meanings &c. 516; equivocate &c.
(alter) 544.
Adj. equivocal, ambiguous,
amphibolous[obs3], homonymous[obs3];
double-tongued &c. (lying) 544; enigmatical, indeterminate.
Phr. on the one hand,
on the other hand.
#521. Metaphor.—
N. figure of speech; facon de parler [French], way
of speaking, colloquialism.
phrase &c. 566; figure,
trope, metaphor, enallage[obs3],
catachresis[obs3]; metonymy[Gram], synecdoche[Semant];
autonomasia|!, irony, figurativeness &c. adj.; image,
imagery; metalepsis[obs3], type, anagoge[obs3], simile,
personification, prosopopoeia[obs3], allegory, apologue[obs3],
parable, fable; allusion, adumbration; application.
exaggeration, hyperbole
&c. 549.
association, association
of ideas (analogy) 514a
V. employ -metaphor
&c. n.; personify, allegorize, adumbrate, shadow
forth, apply, allude to.
Adj. metaphorical, figurative,
catachrestical[obs3], typical,
tralatitious[obs3], parabolic, allegorical, allusive,
anagogical[obs3]; ironical; colloquial; tropical.
Adv. so to speak, so
to say, so to express oneself; as it were.
Phr. mutato nomine de
te fabula narratur [Lat][Horace].
#522. Interpretation.
— N. interpretation, definition; explanation,
explication; solution, answer; rationale; plain interpretation,
simple interpretation, strict interpretation; meaning
&c. 516.
translation; rendering,
rendition; redition[obs3]; literal
translation, free translation; key; secret; clew &c.
(indication) 550; clavis[obs3], crib, pony, trot [U.S.].
exegesis; expounding,
exposition; hermeneutics; comment, commentary;
inference &c. (deduction) 480; illustration, exemplification;
gloss, annotation, scholium[obs3], note; elucidation,
dilucidation|; eclaircissement[Fr], mot d’enigme[Fr].
[methods of interpreting
— list] symptomatology[Med], semiology,
semeiology[obs3], semiotics; metoposcopy[obs3], physiognomy;
paleography &c. (philology) 560; oneirology
acception[obs3], acceptation,
acceptance; light, reading, lection,
construction, version.
equivalent, equivalent
meaning &c. 516; synonym; paraphrase,
metaphrase[obs3]; convertible terms, apposition; dictionary
&c. 562; polyglot.
V. interpret, explain,
define, construe, translate, render; do into,
turn into; transfuse the sense of.
— p. 157 —
#523. Misinterpretation.
— N. misinterpretation, misapprehension,
misunderstanding, misacceptation|, misconstruction,
misapplication; catachresis[obs3]; eisegesis[obs3];
cross-reading, cross-purposes; mistake &c. 495.
misrepresentation, perversion,
exaggeration &c. 549; false coloring,
false construction; abuse of terms; parody, travesty;
falsification &c. (lying) 544.
V. misinterpret, misapprehend,
misunderstand, misconceive, misspell,
mistranslate, misconstrue, misapply; mistake &c.
495.
misrepresent, pervert;
explain wrongly, misstate; garble &c. (falsify)
544; distort, detort|; travesty, play upon words;
stretch the sense, strain the sense, stretch the meaning,
strain the meaning, wrest the sense, wrest the meaning;
explain away; put a bad construction on, put a false
construction on; give a false coloring.
be at cross purposes,
play at cross purposes.
Adj. misinterpreted
&c. v.; untranslated, untranslatable.
#524. Interpreter.—
N. interpreter; expositor, expounder, exponent,
explainer; demonstrator.
scholiast, commentator,
annotator; metaphrast[obs3], paraphrast[obs3];
glossarist[obs3], prolocutor.
spokesman, speaker,
mouthpiece.
dragoman, courier, valet
de place, cicerone, showman;
oneirocritic[obs3]; (Edipus; oracle &c. 513)
% SECTION II. MODES OF COMMUNICATION %
#525. Manifestation.—
N. {ant. 526} manifestation; plainness &c.
adj.; plain speaking; expression; showing &c. v.;
exposition, demonstration; exhibition, production;
display, show; showing off; premonstration|. exhibit[Thing
shown].
indication &c. (calling
attention to) 457. publicity &c. 531;
disclosure &c. 529; openness &c. (honesty) 543, (artlessness)
— p. 158 —
#526. Latency.
Implication. — N. {ant. 525} latency,
inexpression[obs3]; hidden meaning, occult meaning;
occultness, mystery, cabala[obs3], anagoge[obs3];
silence &c (taciturnity) 585; concealment &c. 528;
more than meets the eye, more than meets the ear; Delphic
oracle; le dessous des cartes[Fr], undercurrent.
implication, logical
implication; logical consequence; entailment.
allusion, insinuation;
innuendo &c. 527; adumbration; “something
rotten in the state of Denmark” [Hamlet].
snake in the grass &c.
(pitfall) 667; secret &c. 533.
darkness, invisibility,
imperceptibility.
V. be latent &c. adj.;
lurk, smolder, underlie, make no sign; escape
observation, escape detection, escape recognition;
lie hid &c. 528.
laugh in one’s
sleeve; keep back &c. (conceal) 528.
involve, imply, understand,
allude to, infer, leave an inference;
entail; whisper &c. (conceal) 528.
[understand the implication]
read between the lines.
Adj. latent; lurking
&c.v.; secret &c. 528; occult; implied &c. v.;
dormant; abeyant.
unapparent, unknown,
unseen &c. 441; in the background; invisible &c.
447; indiscoverable[obs3], dark; impenetrable &c.
(unintelligible) 519; unspied[obs3], unsuspected.
unsaid, unwritten, unpublished,
unbreathed[obs3], untalked of[obs3],
untold &c. 527, unsung, unexposed, unproclaimed[obs3],
undisclosed &c. 529, unexpressed; not expressed, tacit.
undeveloped, solved,
unexplained, untraced[obs3], undiscovered &c.
480a, untracked, unexplored, uninvented[obs3].
indirect, crooked, inferential;
by inference, by implication;
implicit; constructive; allusive, covert, muffled;
steganographic[obs3]; understood, underhand, underground;
delitescent[obs3], concealed &c. 528.
Adv. by a side wind;
sub silentio[Lat]; in the background; behind the
scenes, behind one’s back; on the tip of one’s
tongue; secretly &c. 528; between the lines.
Phr. “thereby
hangs a tale” [As You Like It]; tacitum vivit
sub
pectore vulnus [Lat][Vergil]; where there’s
smoke, there’s fire.
#527. Information.—
N. information, enlightenment, acquaintance,
knowledge &c. 490; publicity &c. 531; data &c. 467.
communication, intimation;
notice, notification; enunciation,
annunciation; announcement; communiqu; representation,
round robin, presentment.
case, estimate, specification,
report, advice, monition; news &c. 532;
return &c. (record) 551; account &c. (description)
594; statement &c. (affirmation) 535.
mention; acquainting
&c. v; instruction &c. (teaching) 537;
outpouring; intercommunication, communicativeness.
informant, authority,
teller, intelligencer[obs3], reporter, exponent,
mouthpiece;
informer, eavesdropper,
delator, detective; sleuth; mouchard[obs3],
spy, newsmonger; messenger &c. 534; amicus curiae[Lat].
#527a. Correction.
[Correct an error of information; distinguish from
correcting a flaw or misbehavior] — N.
correction.
disillusionment &c.
616.
V. correct, set right,
set straight, put straight; undeceive[obs3];
enlighten.
show one one’s
error; point out an error, point out a fallacy; pick
out an error, pick out the fallacy; open one’s
eyes.
pick apart an argument,
confutation &c. 479; reasoning &c. 476.
Adj. corrective.
Phr. I stand corrected.
— p. 159 —
#528. Concealment.—
N. concealment; hiding &c. v.; occultation,
mystification.
seal of secrecy; screen
&c. 530; disguise &c. 530; masquerade; masked
battery; hiding place &c. 530; cryptography, steganography[obs3];
freemasonry.
stealth, stealthiness,
sneakiness; obreption|; slyness &c. (cunning)
702.
latitancy[obs3], latitation[obs3];
seclusion &c. 893; privacy,
secrecy, secretness[obs3]; incognita.
reticence; reserve;
mental reserve, reservation; arriere pensee[Fr],
suppression, evasion, white lie, misprision; silence
&c. (taciturnity) 585; suppression of truth &c. 544;
underhand dealing; closeness, secretiveness &c. adj.;
mystery.
latency &c. 526; snake
in the grass; secret &c. 533; stowaway.
V. conceal, hide, secrete,
put out of sight; lock up, seal up, bottle
up.
encrypt, encode, cipher.
cover, screen, cloak,
veil, shroud; cover up one’s tracks; screen from
sight, screen from observation; drawing the veil;
draw the curtain, close the curtain; curtain, shade,
eclipse, throw a view over; becloud, bemask; mask,
disguise; ensconce, muffle, smother; befog; whisper.
keep from; keep back,
keep to oneself; keep snug, keep close, keep
secret, keep dark; bury; sink, suppress; keep from,
keep from out of view, keep from out of sight; keep
in the shade, throw into the shade, throw into background;
stifle, hush up, smother, withhold, reserve; fence
with a question; ignore &c. 460.
keep a secret, keep
one’s own counsel; hold one’s tongue &c.
(silence)
585; make no sign, not let it go further; not breathe
a word, not breathe a syllable about; not let the
right hand know what the left is doing; hide one’s
light under a bushel, bury one’s talent in a
napkin.
keep in the dark, leave
in the dark, keep in the ignorance; blind,
blind the eyes; blindfold, hoodwink, mystify; puzzle
&c. (render uncertain) 475; bamboozle &c. (deceive)
545.
be concealed &c. v.;
suffer an eclipse; retire from sight, couch; hide
oneself; lie hid, lie in perdu[Fr], lie in close;
lie in ambush (ambush) 530; seclude oneself &c. 893;
lurk, sneak, skulk, slink, prowl; steal into, steal
out of, steal by, steal along; play at bopeep[obs3],
play at hide and seek; hide in holes and corners;
still hunt.
Adj. concealed &c. v.;
hidden; secret, recondite, mystic, cabalistic,
— p. 160 —
#529. Disclosure
— N. disclosure; retection|; unveiling &c.v.;
deterration[obs3], revealment, revelation; exposition,
exposure; expose; whole truth; telltale &c (news)
532.
acknowledgment, avowal;
confession, confessional; shrift.
bursting of a bubble;
denouement.
[person who discloses
a secret] tattletale, snitch, fink, stool
pigeon, canary.
V. disclose, discover,
dismask|; draw the veil, draw aside the veil,
lift the veil, raise the veil, lift up the veil, remove
the veil, tear aside the veil, tear the curtain; unmask,
#530. Ambush [Means
of concealment]. — N. camouflage; mimicry;
hiding
place; secret place, secret drawer; recess, hold,
holes and corners; closet, crypt, adytum[obs3], abditory[obs3],
oubliette.
ambush, ambuscade; stalking
horse; lurking hole, lurking place; secret
path, back stairs; retreat &c. (refuge) 666.
screen, cover, shade,
blinker; veil, curtain, blind, cloak, cloud.
mask, visor, vizor[obs3],
disguise, masquerade dress, domino.
pitfall &c. (source
of danger) 667; trap &c. (snare) 545.
V. blend in, blend into
the background.
lie in ambush &c (hide
oneself) 528; lie in wait for, lurk; set a trap
for &c (deceive) 545; ambuscade, ambush.
[transitive] camouflage.
Adj. camouflaged, hidden,
concealed.
Adv. aux aguets[obs3].
— p. 161 —
#531. Publication.—
N. publication; public announcement &c 527;
promulgation, propagation, proclamation, pronunziamento
[Italian]; circulation, indiction[obs3], edition;
hue and cry.
publicity, notoriety,
currency, flagrancy, cry, bruit, hype; vox
populi; report &c (news) 532.
the Press, public press,
newspaper, journal, gazette, daily;
telegraphy; publisher &c v.; imprint.
circular, circular letter;
manifesto, advertisement, ad., placard,
bill, affiche[obs3], broadside, poster; notice &c.
527.
V. publish; make public,
make known &c (information) 527; speak of,
talk of; broach, utter; put forward; circulate, propagate,
promulgate; spread, spread abroad; rumor, diffuse,
disseminate, evulugate; put forth, give forth, send
forth; emit, edit, get out; issue; bring before the
public, lay before the public, drag before the public;
give out, give to the world; put about, bandy about,
hawk about, buzz about, whisper about, bruit about,
blaze about; drag into the open day; voice.
proclaim, herald, blazon;
blaze abroad, noise abroad; sound a trumpet;
trumpet forth, thunder forth; give tongue; announce
with beat of drum, announce with flourish of trumpets;
proclaim from the housetops, proclaim at Charing Cross.
advertise, placard;
post, post up afficher[obs3], publish in the
Gazette, send round the crier.
raise a cry, raise a
hue and cry, raise a report; set news afloat.
be published &c; be
public, become public &c adj.; come out; go about,
fly about, buzz about, blow about; get about, get
abroad, get afloat, get wind; find vent; see the light;
go forth, take air, acquire currency, pass current;
go the rounds, go the round of the newspapers, go through
the length and breadth of the land; virum volitare
per ora[Lat]; pass from mouth to mouth; spread; run
like wildfire, spread like wildfire.
Adj. published &c.v.;
current &c. (news) 532; in circulation, public;
notorious; flagrant, arrant; open &c 525; trumpet-tongued;
encyclical, encyclic[obs3], promulgatory[obs3]; exoteric.
Adv. publicly &c. adj.;
in open court, with open doors.
Int. Oyez!
O yes! notice!
Phr. notice is hereby
given; this is to give, these are to give
notice; nomina stultorum parietibus haerent[Lat];
semel emissum volat irrevocabile verbum[Lat]..
#532. News.—
N. news; information &c 527; piece of news[Fr], budget
of news, budget of information; intelligence, tidings.
word, advice, aviso[Sp],
message; dispatch, despatch; telegram, cable,
marconigram[obs3], wire, communication, errand, embassy.
report, rumor, hearsay,
on dit[Fr], flying rumor, news stirring, cry,
buzz, bruit, fame; talk, oui dire[Fr], scandal, eavesdropping;
town tattle, table talk; tittle tattle; canard, topic
of the day, idea afloat.
bulletin, fresh news,
stirring news; glad tidings; flash, news just
in; on-the-spot coverage; live coverage.
#533. Secret.—
N. secret; dead secret, profound secret;
arcanum[obs3], mystery; latency &c 526; Asian mystery[obs3];
sealed book, secrets of the prison house; le desous
des cartes [Fr].
enigma, riddle, puzzle,
nut to crack, conundrum, charade, rebus,
logogriph[obs3]; monogram, anagram; Sphinx; crux criticorum[Lat].
maze, labyrinth, Hyrcynian
wood; intricacy, meander.
problem &c (question)
461; paradox &c (difficulty) 704;
unintelligibility &c. 519; terra incognita &c. (ignorance)
491.
Adj. secret &c. (concealed)
528; involved &c, 248; labyrinthine,
labyrinthian[obs3], mazy.
confidential; top secret.
— p. 162 —
#534. Messenger.—
N. messenger, envoy, emissary, legate; nuncio,
internuncio[obs3]; ambassador &c (diplomatist) 758.
marshal, flag bearer,
herald, crier, trumpeter, bellman[obs3],
pursuivant[obs3], parlementaire[Fr], apparitor[obs3].
courier, runner; dak[obs3],
estafette[obs3]; Mercury, Iris,
Ariel[obs3].
commissionaire[Fr];
errand boy, chore boy; newsboy.
mail, overnight mail,
express mail, next-day delivery; post, post
office; letter bag; delivery service; United Parcel
Service, UPS; Federal Express, Fedex.
telegraph, telephone;
cable, wire (electronic information
transmission); carrier pigeon.
[person reporting news:
see news &c. 532] reporter, gentleman of the
press, representative of the press; penny-a-liner;
special correspondent, own correspondent; spy, scout;
informer &c. 527.
#535. Affirmation.—
N. affirmance, affirmation; statement,
allegation, assertion, predication, declaration, word,
averment; confirmation.
asseveration, adjuration,
swearing, oath, affidavit; deposition &c
(record) 551; avouchment; assurance; protest, protestation;
profession; acknowledgment &c. (assent) 488; legal
pledge, pronouncement; solemn averment, solemn avowal,
solemn declaration.
remark, observation;
position &c. (proposition) 514, saying, dictum,
sentence, ipse dixit[Lat].
emphasis; weight; dogmatism
&c. (certainty) 474; dogmatics &c 887.
V. assert; make an assertion
&c n.; have one’s say; say, affirm,
predicate, declare, state; protest, profess.
put forth, put forward;
advance, allege, propose, propound, enunciate,
broach, set forth, hold out, maintain, contend, pronounce,
pretend.
depose, depone, aver,
avow, avouch, asseverate, swear; make oath, take
one’s oath; make an affidavit, swear an affidavit,
put in an affidavit; take one’s Bible oath,
kiss the book, vow, vitam impendere vero[Lat]; swear
till one is black in the face, swear till one is blue
in the face, swear till all’s blue; be sworn,
call Heaven to witness; vouch, warrant, certify, assure,
swear by bell book and candle.
swear by &c (believe)
484; insist upon, take one’s stand upon;
emphasize, lay stress on; assert roundly, assert positively;
lay down, lay down the law; raise one’s voice,
dogmatize, have the last word; rap out; repeat; reassert,
reaffirm.
announce &c (information)
527; acknowledge &c (assent) 488; attest &c
(evidence) 467; adjure &c (put to one’s oath)
768.
Adj. asserting &c.v.;
declaratory, predicatory[obs3],
pronunciative[obs3], affirmative, soi-disant[Fr];
positive; certain &c 474; express, explicit &c (patent)
525; absolute, emphatic, flat, broad, round, pointed,
marked, distinct, decided, confident, trenchant, dogmatic,
definitive, formal, solemn, categorical, peremptory;
unretracted[obs3]; predicable.
Adv. affirmatively &c
adj.; in the affirmative.
with emphasis, ex-cathedra,
without fear of contradiction.
as God is my witness,
I must say, indeed, i’ faith, let me tell you,
why, give me leave to say, marry, you may be sure,
I’d have you to know; upon my word, upon my
honor; by my troth, egad, I assure you; by jingo, by
Jove, by George, &c.; troth, seriously, sadly; in sadness,
in sober sadness, in truth, in earnest; of a truth,
truly, perdy[obs3], in all conscience, upon oath;
be assured &c (belief) 484; yes &c (assent) 488; I’ll
warrant, I’ll warrant you, I’ll engage,
I’ll answer for it, I’ll be bound, I’ll
venture to say, I’ll take my oath; in fact, forsooth,
joking apart; so help me God; not to mince the matter.
Phr. quoth he; dixi[Lat].
#536. Negation.
— N. negation, abnegation; denial; disavowal,
disclaimer; abjuration; contradiction, contravention;
recusation[obs3][Law], protest; recusancy &c (dissent)
489; flat contradiction, emphatic contradiction, emphatic
denial, dementi[Lat].
qualification &c 469;
repudiation &c 610; retraction &c 607;
confutation &c 479; refusal &c 764; prohibition &c
761.
V. deny; contradict,
contravene; controvert, give denial to, gainsay,
negative, shake the head.
disown, disaffirm, disclaim,
disavow; recant &c 607; revoke &c
(abrogate) 756.
dispute; impugn, traverse,
rebut, join issue upon; bring in question,
call in question &c. (doubt) 485; give (one) the lie
in his throat.
deny flatly, deny peremptorily,
deny emphatically, deny absolutely,
deny wholly, deny entirely; give the lie to, belie.
repudiate &c 610; set
aside, ignore &c 460; rebut &c. (confute) 479;
qualify &c 469; refuse &c 764.
recuse[Law].
Adj. denying &c.v.;
denied &c.v.; contradictory; negative, negatory;
recusant &c (dissenting) 489; at issue upon.
Adv. no, nay, not, nowise;
not a bit, not a whit, not a jot; not at
all, nohow, not in the least, not so; negative, negatory;
no way [coll.]; no such thing; nothing of the kind,
nothing of the sort; quite the contrary, tout au contraire[Fr],
far from it; tant s’en faut[Fr]; on no account,
in no respect; by no, by no manner of means; negatively.
[negative with respect
to time] never, never in a million years; at no
time.
Phr. there never was
a greater mistake; I know better; non haec in
faedera[Lat]; a thousand times no.
— p. 163 —
#537. Teaching.—
N. teaching &c.v.; instruction; edification;
education; tuition; tutorage, tutelage; direction,
guidance; opsimathy[obs3].
qualification, preparation;
training, schooling &c. v.; discipline;
excitation.
drill, practice; book
exercise.
persuasion, proselytism,
propagandism[obs3], propaganda;
indoctrination, inculcation, inoculation; advise &c.
695.
explanation &c (interpretation)
522; lesson, lecture, sermon;
apologue[obs3], parable; discourse, prolection[obs3],
preachment; chalk talk; Chautauqua [U.S.].
exercise, task; curriculum;
course, course of study; grammar, three
R’s, initiation, A.B.C. &c (beginning) 66.
elementary education,
primary education, secondary education,
technical education, college education, collegiate
education, military education, university education,
liberal education, classical education, religious
education, denominational education, moral education,
secular education; propaedeutics[obs3], moral tuition.
gymnastics, calisthenics;
physical drill, physical education;
sloyd[obs3].
[methods of teaching]
phonics; rote, rote memorization, brute memory;
cooperative learning; Montessori method, ungraded
#538. Misteaching.—
N. misteaching[obs3], misinformaton,
misintelligence[obs3], misguidance, misdirection,
mispersuasion[obs3], misinstruction[obs3], misleading
&c.v.; perversion, false teaching; sophistry &c 477;
college of Laputa; the blind leading the blind.
[misteaching by government
agents] propaganda, disinformation,
agitprop; indoctrination.
V. misinform, misteach[obs3],
misdescribe[obs3], misinstruct[obs3],
miscorrect[obs3]; misdirect, misguide; pervert; put
on a false scent, throw off the scent, throw off the
trail; deceive &c 545; mislead &c (error) 495; misrepresent;
lie &c 544; ambiguas in vulgum spargere voces [Lat][Vergil].
propagandize, disinform.
render unintelligible
&c 519; bewilder &c (uncertainty) 475; mystify
&c. (conceal) 528; unteach.
[person or government
agent who misteaches] propagandist.
Adj. misteaching &c.v[obs3];
unedifying.
Phr. piscem natare doces
[Lat]; the blind leading the blind.
— p. 164 —
#539. Learning
— N. learning; acquisition of knowledge
&c 490,
acquisition of skill &c 698; acquirement, attainment;
edification, scholarship, erudition; acquired knowledge,
lore, wide information; self-instruction; study,
reading, perusal; inquiry &c 451.
apprenticeship, prenticeship[obs3];
pupilage, pupilarity[obs3];
tutelage, novitiate, matriculation.
docility &c (willingness)
602; aptitude &c 698.
V. learn; acquire knowledge,
gain knowledge, receive knowledge, take
in knowledge, drink in knowledge, imbibe knowledge,
pick up knowledge, gather knowledge, get knowledge,
obtain knowledge, collect knowledge, glean knowledge,
glean information, glean learning.
acquaint oneself with,
master; make oneself master of, make oneself
acquainted with; grind, cram; get up, coach up; learn
by heart, learn by rote.
read, spell, peruse;
con over, pore over, thumb over; wade through;
dip into; run the eye over, run the eye through; turn
over the leaves.
study; be studious &c
adj.
[study intensely] burn
the midnight oil, consume the midnight oil,
mind one’s book; cram.
go to school, go to
college, go to the university; matriculate; serve
an (or one’s) apprenticeship, serve one’s
time; learn one’s trade; be informed &c 527;
be taught &c 537.
[stop going to school
voluntarily (intransitive)] drop out, leave
school, quit school; graduate; transfer; take a leave.
[cause to stop going
to school (transitive)] dismiss, expel, kick out
of school.
[stop going to school
involuntarily] flunk out; be dismissed &c.
Adj. studious; scholastic,
scholarly; teachable; docile &c (willing)
602; apt &c 698, industrious &c 682.
Adv. at one’s
books; in statu pupillari &c (learner) 541[Lat].
Phr. “a lumber-house
of books in every head” [Pope]; ancora
imparo[Lat][obs3]! “hold high converse with
the mighty dead” [Thomson]; “lash’d
into Latin by the tingling rod” [Gay].
#540. Teacher.
— N. teacher, trainer, instructor, institutor,
master,
tutor, director, Corypheus, dry nurse, coach, grinder,
crammer, don; governor, bear leader; governess, duenna[Sp];
disciplinarian.
professor, lecturer,
reader, prelector[obs3], prolocutor, preacher;
chalk talker, khoja[obs3]; pastor &c (clergy) 996;
schoolmaster, dominie[Fr], usher, pedagogue, abecedarian;
schoolmistress, dame, monitor, pupil teacher.
expositor &c 524; preceptor,
guide; guru; mentor &c (adviser) 695;
pioneer, apostle, missionary, propagandist, munshi[obs3],
example &c (model for imitation) 22.
professorship &c (school)
542.
tutelage &c (teaching)
537.
Adj. professorial.
Phr. qui doet discet[Lat].
#541. Learner.—
N. learner, scholar, student, pupil; apprentice,
prentice[obs3], journeyman; articled clerk; beginner,
tyro, amateur, rank amateur; abecedarian, alphabetarian[obs3];
alumnus, eleve[Fr].
recruit, raw recruit,
novice, neophyte, inceptor[obs3], catechumen,
probationer; seminarian, chela, fellow-commoner; debutant.
[apprentice medical
doctors] intern; resident.
schoolboy; fresh, freshman,
frosh; junior soph[obs3], junior; senior
soph[obs3], senior; sophister[obs3], sophomore; questionist[obs3].
[college and university
students] undergraduate; graduate student; law
student; medical student; pre-med; post-doctoral student,
post-doc; matriculated student; part-time student,
night student, auditor.
[group of learners]
class, grade, seminar, form, remove; pupilage &c
(learning) 539.
disciple, follower,
apostle, proselyte; fellow-student,
condisciple[obs3].
[place of learning]
school &c. 542.
V. learn; practise.
Adj. in statu pupillari[Lat],
in leading strings.
Phr. practise makes
perfect.
#542. School.—
N. school, academy, university, alma mater, college,
seminary, Lyceum; institute, institution; palaestra,
Gymnasium, class, seminar.
day school, boarding
school, preparatory school, primary school,
infant school, dame’s school, grammar school,
middle class school, Board school, denominational
school, National school, British and Foreign school,
collegiate school, art school, continuation school,
convent school, County Council school, government
school, grant-in-aid school, high school, higher grade
school, military school, missionary school, naval school,
naval academy, state-aided school, technical school,
voluntary school, school; school of art; kindergarten,
nursery, creche, reformatory.
pulpit, lectern, soap
box desk, reading desk, ambo[obs3], lecture
room, theater, auditorium, amphitheater, forum, state,
rostrum, platform, hustings, tribune.
school book, horn book,
text book; grammar, primer, abecedary[obs3],
rudiments, manual, vade mecum; encyclopedia, cyclopedia;
Lindley Murray, Cocker; dictionary, lexicon.
professorship, lectureship,
readership, fellowship, tutorship; chair.
School Board Council
of Education; Board of Education; Board of
Studies, Prefect of Studies; Textbook Committee; propaganda.
Adj. scholastic, academic,
collegiate; educational.
Adv. ex cathedra[Lat].
— p. 165 —
#543. Veracity.—
N. veracity; truthfulness, frankness, &c. adj.;
truth, sincerity, candor, unreserve|!, honesty, fidelity;
plain dealing, bona fides[Lat]; love of truth; probity
&c. 939; ingenuousness &c (artlessness) 703.
the truth the whole
truth and nothing but the truth; honest truth,
sober truth &c (fact) 494; unvarnished tale; light
of truth.
V. speak the truth,
— should clarify distinction between
untruth generally (objectively false) and untruth
in communication (lie, deception) —
#544. Falsehood.
— N. falsehood, falseness; falsity, falsification;
deception &c. 545; untruth &c 546; guile; lying &c.
454; untruth &c 546; guile; lying &c. v. misrepresentation;
mendacity, perjury, false swearing; forgery, invention,
fabrication; subreption[obs3]; covin[obs3].
perversion of truth,
suppression of truth; suppressio veri[Lat];
perversion, distortion, false coloring; exaggeration
&c 549; prevarication, equivocation, shuffling, fencing,
evasion, fraud; suggestio falsi &c (lie) 546[Lat];
mystification &c (concealment) 528; simulation &c (imitation)
19; dissimulation, dissembling; deceit; blague[obs3].
sham; pretense, pretending,
malingering.
lip homage, lip service;
mouth honor; hollowness; mere show, mere
outside; duplicity, double dealing, insincerity, hypocrisy,
cant, humbug; jesuitism, jesuitry; pharisaism; Machiavelism,
“organized hypocrisy”; crocodile tears,
mealy-mouthedness[obs3], quackery; charlatanism[obs3],
charlatanry; gammon; bun-kum[obs3], bumcombe, flam;
bam*[obs3], flimflam, cajolery, flattery; Judas kiss;
perfidy &c (bad faith) 940; il volto sciolto i pensieri
stretti[It].
unfairness &c (dishonesty)
940; artfulness &c (cunning) 702;
misstatement &c (error) 495.
V. be false &c adj.,
be a liar &c 548; speak falsely &c adv.; tell a
lie &c. 546; lie, fib; lie like a trooper; swear false,
forswear, perjure oneself, bear false witness.
— p. 166 —
#545. Deception.
— N. deception; falseness &c 544; untruth
&c 546;
imposition, imposture; fraud, deceit, guile; fraudulence,
fraudulency[obs3]; covin[obs3]; knavery &c. (cunning)
702;
misrepresentation &c (falsehood) 544; bluff; straw-bail,
straw bid [U.S.]; spoof*.
delusion, gullery[obs3];
juggling, jugglery[obs3]; slight of hand,
legerdemain; prestigiation|, prestidigitation; magic
&c 992; conjuring, conjuration; hocus-pocus, escamoterie[obs3],
jockeyship[obs3]; trickery, coggery|, chicanery; supercherie[obs3],
cozenage[obs3], circumvention, ingannation|, collusion;
treachery &c 940; practical joke.
— p. 167 —
#546. Untruth.—
N. untruth, falsehood, lie, story, thing that is not,
fib, bounce, crammer, taradiddle[obs3], whopper; jhuth[obs3].
forgery, fabrication,
invention; misstatement, misrepresentation;
perversion, falsification, gloss, suggestio falsi[Lat];
exaggeration &c 549.
invention, fabrication,
fiction; fable, nursery tale; romance &c
(imagination) 515; absurd story, untrue story, false
story, trumped up story, trumped up statement; thing
devised by the enemy; canard; shave, sell, hum, traveler’s
tale, Canterbury tale, cock and bull story, fairy
tale, fake; claptrap.
press agent’s
yarn; puff, puffery (exaggeration) 549.
myth, moonshine, bosh,
all my eye and Betty Martin, mare’s nest,
farce.
irony; half truth, white
lie, pious fraud; mental reservation &c
(concealment) 528.
pretense, pretext; false
plea &c 617; subterfuge, evasion, shift,
shuffle, make-believe; sham &c (deception) 545.
profession, empty words;
Judas kiss &c (hypocrisy) 544; disguise &c
(mask) 530.
V. have a false meaning.
Adj. untrue, false,
phony, trumped up; void of foundation, without-
foundation; fictive, far from the truth, false as
dicer’s oaths; unfounded, ben trovato[It], invented,
fabulous, fabricated, forged; fictitious, factitious,
supposititious, surreptitious; elusory[obs3], illusory;
ironical; soi-disant &c (misnamed) 565[Fr].
Phr. se non e vero e
ben trovato[It]; “where none is meant that meets
the ear"[Milton].
— p. 168 —
#547. Dupe.—
N. dupe, gull, gudgeon, gobemouche[obs3], cull*,
cully[obs3], victim, pigeon, April fool[obs3]; jay*,
sucker*; laughingstock &c 857; Cyclops, simple Simon,
flat; greenhorn; fool &c 501; puppet, cat’s
paw.
V. be deceived &c 545,
be the dupe of; fall into a trap; swallow the
bait, nibble at the bait; bite, catch a Tartar.
Adj. credulous &c 486;
mistaken &c. (error) 495.
#548. Deceiver.—
N. deceiver &c (deceive &c 545); dissembler,
hypocrite; sophist, Pharisee, Jesuit, Mawworm[obs3],
Pecksniff, Joseph Surface, Tartufe[obs3], Janus; serpent,
snake in the grass, cockatrice, Judas, wolf in sheep’s
clothing; jilt; shuffler|!, stool pigeon.
liar &c (lie &c 544);
story-teller, perjurer, false witness, menteur a
triple etage[Fr], Scapin[obs3]; bunko steerer* [U.S.],
carpetbagger* [U.S.], capper* [U.S.], faker, fraud,
four flusher*, horse coper[obs3], ringer*, spieler[obs3],
straw bidder [U.S.].
imposter, pretender,
soi-disant[Fr], humbug; adventurer; Cagliostro,
Fernam Mendez Pinto; ass in lion’s skin &c (bungler)
701; actor &c (stage player) 599.
quack, charlatan, mountebank,
saltimbanco[obs3], saltimbanque[obs3],
empiric, quacksalver, medicaster[obs3], Rosicrucian,
gypsy; man of straw.
conjuror, juggler, trickster,
prestidigitator, jockey; crimp, decoy,
decoy duck; rogue, knave, cheat; swindler &c (thief)
792; jobber.
Phr. “saint abroad
and a devil at home” [Bunyan].
#549. Exaggeration.—
N. exaggeration; expansion &c 194; hyperbole,
stretch, strain, coloring; high coloring, caricature,
caricatura[obs3]; extravagance &c. (nonsense) 497;
Baron Munchausen; men in buckram, yarn, fringe, embroidery,
traveler’s tale; fish story, gooseberry*
storm in a teacup; much
ado about nothing &c (overestimation) 482;
puff, puffery &c (boasting) 884; rant &c (turgescence)
577[obs3].
figure of speech, facon
de parler[Fr]; stretch of fancy, stretch of
the imagination; flight of fancy &c (imagination)
515.
false coloring &c (falsehood)
544; aggravation &c. 835.
V. exaggerate, magnify,
pile up, aggravate; amplify &c (expand) 194;
overestimate &c 482; hyperbolize; overcharge, overstate,
overdraw, overlay, overshoot the mark, overpraise;
make over much, over the most of; strain, strain over
a point; stretch, stretch a point; go great lengths;
spin a long yarn; draw with a longbow, shoot with
a longbow; deal in the marvelous.
out-Herod Herod, run
riot, talk at random.
heighten, overcolor[obs3];
color highly, color too highly;
broder[obs3]; flourish; color &c. (misrepresent) 544;
puff &c (boast) 884.
Adj. exaggerated &c.
v.; overwrought; bombastic &c. (grandiloquent)
577; hyperbolical[obs3], on stilts; fabulous, extravagant,
preposterous, egregious, outre[Fr], highflying[obs3].
Adv. hyperbolically
&c adj.
Phr. excitabat enim
fluctus in simpulo [Lat][Cicero].
— p. 169 —
%
Section III. MEANS
OF COMMUNICATING IDEAS
1.
Natural Means
% — recognition of something by its
features must be broken out into a separate entry.
Include the terms recognition, identification, dereplication,
classification; note memory 505, identification (comparison,
464, discovery 480a) distinguish recognition and
recall in technical sense —
#550. Indication
— N. indication; symbolism, symbolization;
semiology, semiotics, semeiology[obs3], semeiotics[obs3];
Zeitgeist.
[means of recognition:
property] characteristic, diagnostic;
lineament, feature, trait; fingerprint, voiceprint,
footprint, noseprint [for animals]; cloven hoof; footfall;
recognition (memory) 505.
[means of recognition:
tool] diagnostic, divining rod; detector.
sign, symbol; index,
indice|, indicator; point, pointer; exponent,
note, token, symptom; dollar sign, dollar mark.
type, figure, emblem,
cipher, device; representation &c. 554;
epigraph, motto, posy.
gesture, gesticulation;
pantomime; wink, glance, leer; nod, shrug,
beck; touch, nudge; dactylology[obs3], dactylonomy[obs3];
freemasonry, telegraphy, chirology[Med], byplay, dumb
show; cue; hint &c. 527; clue, clew, key, scent.
signal, signal post;
rocket, blue light; watch fire, watch tower;
telegraph, semaphore, flagstaff; cresset[obs3], fiery
cross; calumet; heliograph; guidon; headlight.
[sign (evidence) on
physobj of contact with another physobj] mark,
scratch, line, stroke, dash, score, stripe, streak,
tick, dot, point, notch, nick.
print; imprint, impress,
impression.
[symbols accompanying
written text to signify modified interpretation]
keyboard symbols, printing symbols; red letter[for
emphasis], italics, sublineation[obs3], underlining,
bold font; jotting; note, annotation, reference;
blaze, cedilla, guillemets[obs3], hachure[Topography];
quotation marks, double quotes,"”, parentheses,
brackets, braces, curly brackets, arrows, slashes;
left parenthesis[list], “(”; right parenthesis,
“)”; opening bracket, “[”;
closing bracket, “]”; left curly brace,
“{”; right curly brace, “}”;
left arrow, “”; right arrow, “”;
forward slash, “”; backward slash,
“\”; exclamation point, “!”;
commercial at, “@”; pound sign, “#”;
percent sign, “%”; carat, “^”;
ampersand, “&”; asterisk, “*”;
hyphen, “-”; dash, “-”, “_”;
em dash, “—“; plus sign, “+”,
equals sign, “=”; question mark, “?”;
period, “.”; semicolon, “;”,
colon, “:”; comma, “,”; apostrophe,
“’”; single quote, “’”;
tilde, “~”.
[For identification:
general] badge, criterion; countercheck[obs3],
countermark[obs3], countersign, counterfoil; duplicate,
tally; label, ticket, billet, letter, counter, check,
chip, chop; dib[obs3]; totem; tessera[obs3], card,
bill; witness, voucher; stamp; cacher[Fr]; trade mark,
Hall mark.
[For identification
Page 269
of people, on a document] signature, mark,
autograph, autography; attestation; hand, hand writing,
sign manual; cipher; seal, sigil[Lat], signet, hand
and seal [Law]; paraph[obs3], brand; superscription;
indorsement[obs3], endorsement.
[For identification
of people, to gain access to restricted (locations
or information)] password, watchword, catchword; security
card, pass, passkey; credentials &c. (evidence) 467;
open sesame; timbrology[obs3]; mot de passe[Fr], mot
du guet[Fr]; pass-parole; shibboleth.
title, heading, docket.
address card, visiting
card; carte de visite[Fr].
insignia; banner, banneret[obs3],
bannerol[obs3]; bandrol[obs3]; flag,
colors, streamer, standard, eagle, labarum[obs3],
oriflamb[obs3], oriflamme; figurehead; ensign; pennon,
pennant, pendant; burgee[obs3], blue Peter, jack,
ancient, gonfalon, union jack; banderole, “old
glory” [U.S.], quarantine flag; vexillum[obs3];
yellow-flag, yellow jack; tricolor, stars and stripes;
bunting.
heraldry, crest; coat
of arms, arms; armorial bearings,
hatchment[obs3]; escutcheon, scutcheon; shield, supporters;
livery, uniform; cockade, epaulet, chevron; garland,
love knot, favor.
[Of locality] beacon,
cairn, post, staff, flagstaff, hand, pointer,
vane, cock, weathercock; guidepost, handpost[obs3],
fingerpost[obs3], directing post, signpost; pillars
of Hercules, pharos; bale-fire, beacon-fire; l’etoile
du Nord[Fr]; landmark, seamark; lighthouse, balize[obs3];
polestar, loadstar[obs3], lodestar; cynosure, guide;
address, direction, name; sign, signboard.
[Of the future] warning
&c. 668; omen &c. 512; prefigurement &c. 511.
trace[Of the past], record &c. 551. warning &c. 668[Of
danger]; alarm &c. 669. scepter &c. 747[Of authority].
trophy &c. 733[Of triumph]. gauge &c. 466[Of quantity].
milestone[Of distance], milepost. brand[Of disgrace],
fool’s cap. check[For detection], telltale;
test &c. (experiment) 463; mileage ticket; milliary[obs3].
notification &c. (information)
527; advertisement &c. (publication)
531.
word of command, call;
bugle call, trumpet call; bell, alarum, cry;
battle cry, rallying cry; angelus[obs3]; reveille;
sacring bell[obs3], sanctus bell[Lat].
exposition &c. (explanation)
522, proof &c. (evidence) 463; pattern
&c. (prototype) 22.
V. indicate; be the
sign &c. n. of; denote, betoken; argue, testify
&c. (evidence) 467; bear the impress &c. n. of; connote,
connotate[obs3].
represent, stand for;
typify &c. (prefigure) 511; symbolize.
put an indication, put
a mark &c. n.; note, mark, stamp, earmark;
blaze; label, ticket, docket; dot, spot, score, dash,
trace, chalk; print; imprint, impress; engrave, stereotype.
make a sign &c. n.
signalize; underscore; give a signal, hang out a
signal; beckon; nod; wink, glance, leer, nudge, shrug,
tip the wink; gesticulate; raise the finger, hold
up the finger, raise the hand, hold up the hand; saw
Page 270
the air, “suit the action to the word”
[Hamlet].
wave a banner, unfurl
a banner, hoist a banner, hang out a banner &c.
n.; wave the hand, wave a kerchief; give the cue &c.
(inform) 527; show one’s colors; give an alarm,
sound an alarm; beat the drum, sound the trumpets,
raise a cry.
sign, seal, attest &c.
(evidence) 467; underline &c. (give importance
to) 642; call attention to &c. (attention) 457; give
notice &c. (inform) 527.
Adj. indicating &c.
v., indicative, indicatory; denotative,
connotative; diacritical, representative, typical,
symbolic, pantomimic, pathognomonic[obs3], symptomatic,
characteristic, demonstrative, diagnostic, exponential,
emblematic, armorial; individual &c. (special) 79.
known by, recognizable
by; indicated &c. v.; pointed, marked.
[Capable of being denoted]
denotable[obs3]; indelible.
Adv. in token of; symbolically
&c. adj.; in dumb show.
Phr. ecce signum[Lat];
ex ungue leonem[Lat], ex pede Herculem[Lat];
vide ut supra; vultus ariete fortior[Lat][obs3].
— p. 170 —
#551. Record. —
N. trace, vestige, relic, remains; scar, cicatrix;
footstep, footmark[obs3], footprint; pug; track mark,
wake, trail, scent, piste[obs3].
monument, hatchment[obs3],
slab, tablet, trophy, achievement; obelisk,
pillar, column, monolith; memorial; memento &c. (memory)
505; testimonial, medal; commemoration &c. (celebration)
883.
record, note, minute;
register, registry; roll &c. (list) 86;
cartulary, diptych, Domesday book; catalogue raisonne[Fr];
entry, memorandum, indorsement[obs3], inscription,
copy, duplicate, docket; notch &c. (mark) 550; muniment[obs3],
deed &c. (security) 771; document; deposition, proces
verbal[Fr]; affidavit; certificate &c. (evidence) 467.
notebook, memorandum
book, memo book, pocketbook, commonplace book;
portfolio; pigeonholes, excerpta[obs3], adversaria[Lat],
jottings, dottings[obs3].
gazette, gazetteer;
newspaper, daily, magazine; almanac,
almanack[obs3]; calendar, ephemeris, diary, log, journal,
daybook, ledger; cashbook[obs3], petty cashbook[obs3];
professional journal, scientific literature, the literature,
primary literature, secondary literature, article,
review article.
archive, scroll, state
paper, return, blue book; statistics &c. 86;
compte rendu[Fr]; Acts of, Transactions of, Proceedings
of; Hansard’s Debates; chronicle,annals, legend;
history, biography &c. 594; Congressional Records.
registration; registry;
enrollment, inrollment[obs3]; tabulation;
entry, booking; signature &c (identification) 550;
recorder &c. 553; journalism.
[analog recording media]
recording, tape recording, videotape.
[digital recording media]
compact disk; floppy disk, diskette; hard
disk, Winchester disk; read-only memory, ROM; write
once read mostly memory, WORM.
V. record; put on record,
place on record; chronicle, calendar, hand
#552. [Suppression of
sign.] Obliteration. — N. obliteration;
erasure, rasure[obs3]; cancel, cancellation; circumduction[obs3];
deletion, blot; tabula rasa[Lat]; effacement, extinction.
V. efface, obliterate,
erase, raze|!, rase[obs3], expunge, cancel;
blot out, take out, rub out, scratch out, strike out,
wipe out, wash out, sponge out; wipe off, rub off;
wipe away; deface, render illegible; draw the pen
through, apply the sponge.
be effaced &c.; leave
no trace &c. 550; “leave not a rack behind.”
Adj. obliterated &c.
v.; out of print; printless[obs3]; leaving no
trace; intestate; unrecorded, unregistered, unwritten.
Int. dele; out with
it!
Phr. delenda est Carthago
[Lat][Cato].
#553. Recorder.
— N. recorder, notary, clerk; registrar,
registrary[obs3], register; prothonotary[Law]; amanuensis,
secretary, scribe, babu[obs3], remembrancer[obs3],
bookkeeper, custos rotulorum[Lat], Master of the Rolls.
annalist; historian,
historiographer; chronicler, journalist;
biographer &c. (narrator) 594; antiquary &c. (antiquity)
122; memorialist[obs3]; interviewer.
#554. Representation.
— N. representation, representment[obs3];
imitation &c. 19; illustration, delineation, depictment[obs3];
imagery, portraiture, iconography; design, designing;
art, fine arts; painting &c. 556; sculpture &c. 557;
engraving &c. 558; photography, cinematography; radiography,
autoradiography[Bioch], fluorography[Chem], sciagraphy[obs3].
personation, personification;
impersonation; drama &c. 599.
picture, photo, photograph,
daguerreotype, snapshot; X-ray photo;
movie film, movie; tracing, scan, TV image, video
image, image file, graphics, computer graphics, televideo,
closed-circuit TV.
copy &c. 21; drawing,
sketch, drought, draft; plot, chart, figure,
scheme.
image, likeness, icon,
portrait, striking likeness, speaking
likeness; very image; effigy, facsimile.
figure, figure head;
puppet, doll, figurine, aglet[obs3], manikin,
lay-figure, model, mammet[obs3], marionette, fantoccini[obs3],
— p. 171 —
#555. Misrepresentation.
— N. misrepresentation, distortion,
caricatura|, exaggeration; daubing &c. v.; bad likeness,
daub, sign painting; scratch, caricature; anamorphosis[obs3];
burlesque, falsification, misstatement; parody, lampoon,
take-off, travesty.
V. misrepresent, distort,
overdraw, exaggerate, caricature, daub;
burlesque, parody, travesty.
Adj. misrepresented
&c. v.
— photography should be separated from painting —
#556. Painting.
— N. painting; depicting; drawing &c. v.;
design;
perspective, sciagraphy[obs3], skiagraphy[obs3]; chiaroscuro
&c. (light) 420 composition; treatment.
historical painting,
portrait painting, miniature painting; landscape
painting, marine painting; still life, flower painting,
scene painting; scenography[obs3].
school, style; the grand
style, high art, genre, portraiture;
ornamental art &c. 847.
monochrome, polychrome;
grisaille[Fr].
pallet, palette; easel;
brush, pencil, stump; black lead, charcoal,
crayons, chalk, pastel; paint &c. (coloring matter)
428; watercolor, body color, oil color; oils, oil
paint; varnish &c. 356a, priming; gouache, tempera,
distemper, fresco, water glass; enamel; encaustic painting;
mosaic; tapestry.
photography, heliography,
color photography; sun painting; graphics,
computer graphics.
picture, painting, piece[Fr],
tableau, canvas; oil painting &c.;
fresco, cartoon; easel picture, cabinet picture, draught,
draft; pencil &c. drawing, water color drawing, etching,
charcoal, pen-and-ink; sketch, outline, study.
photograph, color photograph,
black-and-white photograph, holograph,
heliograph; daguerreotype, talbotype[obs3], calotype[obs3],
heliotype[obs3]; negative, positive; print, glossy
#557. Sculpture.
— N. sculpture, insculpture| [obs3]; carving
&c. v.;
statuary.
high relief, low relief,
bas relief[Fr]; relief; relieve;
bassorilievo[obs3], altorilievo[obs3], mezzorilievo[obs3];
intaglio, anaglyph[obs3]; medal, medallion; cameo.
marble, bronze, terra
cotta[Sp], papier-mache; ceramic ware, pottery,
porcelain, china, earthenware; cloisonne, enamel,
faience, Laocoon, satsuma.
statue.&c. (image) 554;
cast &c (copy) 21; glyptotheca[obs3].
V. sculpture, carve,
cut, chisel, model, mold; cast.
Adj. sculptured &c,
v. in relief, anaglyptic[obs3], ceroplastic[obs3],
ceramic; parian[obs3]; marble &c. n.; xanthian[obs3].
— p. 172 —
#558. Engraving.
— N. engraving, chalcography[obs3]; line
engraving,
mezzotint engraving, stipple engraving, chalk engraving;
dry point, bur; etching, aquatinta[obs3]; chiseling;
plate engraving, copperplate engraving, steel engraving,
wood engraving; xylography, lignography[obs3], glyptography[obs3],
cerography[obs3], lithography, chromolithography[obs3],
photolithography, zincography[obs3], glyphography,
xylograph, lignograph[obs3], glyptograph[obs3], cerograph[obs3],
lithograph, chromolithograph, photolithograph, zincograph[obs3],
glyphograph[obs3], holograph.
impression, print, engraving,
plate; steelplate, copperplate; etching;
mezzotint, aquatint, lithotint[obs3]; cut, woodcut;
stereotype, graphotype[obs3], autotype[obs3], heliotype[obs3].
graver, burin[obs3],
etching point, style; plate, stone, wood block,
negative; die, punch, stamp.
printing; plate printing,
copperplate printing, anastatic
printing[obs3], color printing, lithographic printing;
type printing &c. 591; three-color process.
illustration, illumination;
half tone; photogravure; vignette, initial
letter, cul de lampe[Fr], tailpiece.
[person who inscribes
on stone] lapidary, lapidarian.
V. engrave, grave, stipple,
scrape, etch; bite, bite in; lithograph
&c., n.; print.
Adj. insculptured[obs3];
engraved &c. v..
[of inscriptions on
stone] lapidary.
Phr. sculpsit[Lat],
imprimit[Lat].
#559. Artist. —
N. artist; painter, limner, drawer, sketcher,
designer, engraver; master, old master; draftsman,
draughtsman; copyist, dauber, hack; enamel, enameler,
enamelist; caricaturist.
historical painter,
landscape painter, marine painter, flower painter,
portrait painter, miniature painter, miniaturist,
scene painter, sign painter, coach painter; engraver;
Apelles[obs3]; sculptor, carver, chaser, modeler,
figuriste[obs3], statuary; Phidias, Praxiteles; Royal
Academician.
photographer, cinematographer,
lensman, cameraman, camera technician,
camera buff; wildlife photographer.
Phr. photo safari; “with
gun and camera”
% 2. Conventional Means Language generally %
#560. Language.
— N. language; phraseology &c. 569; speech
&c. 582;
tongue, lingo, vernacular; mother tongue, vulgar tongue,
native tongue; household words; King’s English,
Queen’s English; dialect &c. 563.
confusion of tongues,
Babel, pasigraphie[obs3]; pantomime &c. (signs)
550; onomatopoeia; betacism[obs3], mimmation, myatism[obs3],
nunnation[obs3]; pasigraphy[obs3].
lexicology, philology,
glossology[obs3], glottology[obs3];
linguistics, chrestomathy[obs3]; paleology[obs3],
paleography; comparative grammar.
literature, letters,
polite literature, belles lettres[Fr], muses,
humanities, literae humaniores[Lat], republic of letters,
dead languages, classics; genius of language; scholarship
&c. (scholar) 492.
V. express by words
&c. 566.
Adj. lingual, linguistic;
dialectic; vernacular, current; bilingual;
diglot[obs3], hexaglot[obs3], polyglot; literary.
Phr. “syllables
govern the world” [Selden].
#561. Letter. —
N. letter; character; hieroglyphic &c. (writing) 590;
type &c. (printing) 591; capitals; digraph, trigraph;
ideogram, ideograph; majuscule, minuscule; majuscule,
minuscule; alphabet, ABC[obs3], abecedary[obs3], christcross-row.
consonant, vowel; diphthong,
triphthong[Gram]; mute, liquid, labial,
dental, guttural. syllable; monosyllable, dissyllable[obs3],
polysyllable; affix, suffix.
spelling, orthograph[obs3];
phonography[obs3], phonetic spelling;
anagrammatism[obs3], metagrammatism[obs3]. cipher,
monogram, anagram; doubleacrostic[obs3].
V. spell.
Adj. literal; alphabetical,
abecedarian; syllabic; majuscular[obs3],
minuscular[obs3]; uncial &c. (writing) 590.
#562. Word. —
N. word, term, vocable; name &c. 564; phrase &c. 566;
root, etymon; derivative; part of speech &c. (grammar)
567; ideophone[obs3].
dictionary, vocabulary,
lexicon, glossary; index, concordance;
thesaurus; gradus[Lat], delectus[Lat].
etymology, derivation;
glossology[obs3], terminology orismology[obs3];
paleology &c. (philology) 560[obs3].
lexicography; glossographer
&c. (scholar) 492; lexicologist,
verbarian[obs3].
Adj. verbal, literal;
titular, nominal. conjugate[Similarly derived],
paronymous[obs3]; derivative.
Adv. verbally &c. adj.;
verbatim &c. (exactly) 494.
Phr. “the artillery
of words” [Swift].
— p. 173 —
#563. Neologism.
— N. neology, neologism; newfangled expression,
nonce expression; back-formation; caconym[obs3]; barbarism.
archaism, black letter,
monkish Latin.
corruption, missaying[obs3],
malapropism, antiphrasis[obs3].
pun, paranomasia[obs3],
play upon words; word play &c. (wit) 842;
double-entendre &c. (ambiguity) 520[Fr]; palindrome,
paragram[obs3], anagram, clinch; abuse of language,
abuse of terms.
dialect, brogue, idiom,
accent, patois; provincialism, regionalism,
localism; broken English, lingua franca; Anglicism,
Briticism, Gallicism, Scotticism, Hibernicism; Americanism[obs3];
Gypsy lingo, Romany; pidgin, pidgin English, pigeon
English; Volapuk, Chinook, Esperanto, Hindustani,
kitchen Kaffir.
dog Latin, macaronics[obs3],
gibberish; confusion of tongues, Babel;
babu English[obs3], chi-chi.
figure of speech &c.
(metaphor) 521; byword.
colloquialism, informal
speech, informal language.
substandard language,
vernacular.
vulgar language, obscene
language, obscenity, vulgarity.
jargon, technical terms,
technicality, lingo, slang, cant, argot; St.
Gile’s Greek, thieves’ Latin, peddler’s
French, flash tongue, Billingsgate, Wall Street slang.
pseudology[obs3].
pseudonym &c. (misnomer)
565; Mr. So-and-so; wha d’ye call ’em[obs3],
whatchacallim, what’s his name; thingummy[obs3],
thingumbob; je ne sais quoi[Fr].
neologist[obs3], coiner
of words.
V. coin words, coin
a term; backform; Americanize, Anglicize.
Adj. neologic[obs3],
neological[obs3]; archaic; obsolete &c. (old)
124; colloquial; Anglice[obs3].
#564. Nomenclature.
— N. nomenclature; naming &c. v.; nuncupation|,
nomination, baptism; orismology[obs3]; onomatopoeia;
antonomasia[obs3].
name; appelation[obs3],
appelative[obs3]; designation, title; heading,
rubric; caption; denomination; by-name, epithet.
style, proper name;
praenomen[Lat], agnomen[obs3], cognomen;
patronymic, surname; cognomination[obs3]; eponym;
compellation[obs3], description, antonym; empty title,
empty name; handle to one’s name; namesake.
term, expression, noun;
byword; convertible terms &c. 522; technical
term; cant &c. 563.
V. name, call, term,
denominate designate, style, entitle,
clepe[obs3], dub, christen, baptize, characterize,
specify, define, distinguish by the name of; label
&c. (mark) 550. be -called &c v.; take the name of,
bean the name of, go by the name of, be known by the
name of, go under the name of, pass under the name
of, rejoice in the name of.
Adj. named &c. v.; hight[obs3],
ycleped, known as; what one may well,
call fairly, call properly, call fitly.
nuncupatory[obs3], nuncupative;
cognominal[obs3], titular, nominal,
orismological[obs3].
Phr. “beggar’d
all description” [Antony and Cleopatra].
#565. Misnomer.
— N. misnomer; lucus a non lucendo[Lat];
Mrs.
Malaprop; what d’ye call ’em &c. (neologism)
563[obs3]; Hoosier.
nickname, sobriquet,
by-name; assumed name, assumed title; alias; nom
de course, nom de theatre, nom de guerre[Fr], nom
de plume; pseudonym, pseudonymy.
V. misname, miscall,
misterm[obs3]; nickname; assume a name.
Adj. misnamed &c. v.;
pseudonymous; soi-disant[Fr]; self called, self
styled, self christened; so-called.
nameless, anonymous;
without a having no name; innominate, unnamed;
unacknowledged.
Adv. in no sense.
#566. Phrase. —
N. phrase, expression, set phrase; sentence,
paragraph; figure of speech &c. 521; idiom, idiotism[obs3];
turn of expression; style.
paraphrase &c. (synonym)
522; periphrase &c. (circumlocution) 573
motto &c. (proverb) 496[obs3]. phraseology &c. 569.
V. express, phrase;
word, word it; give words to, give expression to;
voice; arrange in words, clothe in words, put into
words, express by words; couch in terms; find words
to express; speak by the card; call, denominate, designate,
dub.
Adj. expressed &c. v.;
idiomatic.
Adv. in round terms,
in set terms, in good set terms, set terms; in
set phrases.
— p. 174 —
#567. Grammar. — N. grammar, accidence, syntax, praxis, punctuation; parts of speech; jussive[obs3]; syllabication; inflection, case, declension, conjugation; us et norma loquendi[Lat]; Lindley Murray &c. (schoolbook) 542; correct style, philology &c. (language) 560. V. parse, punctuate, syllabicate[obs3].
#568. Solecism.
— N. solecism; bad grammar, false grammar,
faulty
grammar; slip of the pen, slip of the tongue; lapsus
linguae[Lat]; slipslop[obs3]; bull; barbarism, impropriety.
V. use bad grammar,
faulty grammar; solecize[obs3], commit a
solecism; murder the King’s English, murder
the Queen’s English, break Priscian’s
head.
Adj. ungrammatical;
incorrect, inaccurate; faulty; improper,
incongruous; solecistic, solecistical[obs3].
#569. Style. —
N. style, diction, phraseology, wording; manner,
strain; composition; mode of expression, choice of
words; mode of speech, literary power, ready pen,
pen of a ready writer; command of language &c. (eloquence)
582; authorship; la morgue litteraire[Fr]..
V. express by words
&c. 566; write.
Phr. le style c’est
de l’homme [Fr][Buffon]; “style is the
dress of
thoughts” [Chesterfield].
Various Qualities of Style
#570. Perspicuity.
— N. perspicuity, perspicuousness &c.
(intelligibility) 518; plain speaking &c. (manifestation)
525; definiteness, definition; exactness &c. 494;
explicitness, lucidness.
Adj. lucid &c. (intelligible)
518; explicit &c. (manifest) 525; exact
&c. 494.
#571. Obscurity.
— N. obscurity &c. (unintelligibility) 519;
involution; hard words; ambiguity &c. 520; unintelligibleness;
vagueness &c. 475, inexactness &c. 495; what d’ye
call ’em &c. (neologism) 563[obs3]; darkness
of meaning.
Adj. obscure &c. n.;
crabbed, involved, confused.
#572. Conciseness.
— N. conciseness &c. adj.; brevity, “the
soul of
wit”, laconism[obs3]; Tacitus; ellipsis; syncope;
abridgment &c. (shortening) 201; compression &c. 195;
epitome &c. 596; monostich[obs3]; brunch word, portmanteau
word.
V. be concise &c. adj.;
condense &c. 195; abridge &c. 201; abstract
&c. 596; come to the point.
Adj. concise, brief,
short, terse,close; to the point, exact; neat,
compact; compressed, condensed, pointed; laconic,
curt, pithy, trenchant, summary; pregnant; compendious
&c. (compendium) 596; succinct; elliptical, epigrammatic,
quaint, crisp; sententious.
Adv. concisely &c. adj.;
briefly, summarily; in brief, in short, in a
word, in a few words; for shortness sake; to come
to the point, to make a long story short, to cut the
matter short, to be brief; it comes to this, the long
and the short of it is. Phr. brevis esse laboro
obscurus fio [Lat][Horace].
#573. Diffuseness.
— N. diffuseness &c. adj.; amplification
&c. v.;
dilating &c. v.; verbosity, verbiage, cloud of words,
copia verborum[Lat]; flow of words &c. (loquacity)
584; looseness.
Polylogy[obs3], tautology,
battology[obs3], perissology|; pleonasm,
exuberance, redundancy; thrice-told tale; prolixity;
circumlocution, ambages [obs3]; periphrase[obs3],
periphrasis; roundabout phrases; episode; expletive;
pennya-lining; richness &c. 577.
V. be diffuse &c. adj.;
run out on, descant, expatiate, enlarge,
dilate, amplify, expand, inflate; launch out, branch
out; rant.
maunder, prose; harp
upon &c. (repeat) 104; dwell on, insist upon.
digress, ramble, battre
la campagne[Fr][obs3], beat about the bush,
perorate, spin a long yarn, protract; spin out, swell
out, draw out; battologize[obs3].
Adj. diffuse, profuse;
wordy, verbose, largiloquent|, copious,
exuberant, pleonastic, lengthy; longsome[obs3], long-winded,
longspun[obs3], long drawn out; spun out, protracted,
prolix, prosing, maundering; circumlocutory, periphrastic,
ambagious[obs3], roundabout; digressive; discursive,
excursive; loose; rambling episodic; flatulent, frothy.
Adv. diffusely &c. adj.;
at large, in extenso[Lat]; about it and about
it.
— p. 175 —
#574. Vigor. —
N. vigor, power, force; boldness, raciness &c. adj.;
intellectual, force; spirit, point, antithesis, piquance,
piquancy; verve, glow, fire, warmth; strong language;
gravity, sententiousness; elevation, loftiness, sublimity.
eloquence; command of
words, command of language.
Adj. vigorous, nervous,
powerful, forcible, trenchant, incisive,
impressive; sensational.
spirited, lively, glowing,
sparkling, racy, bold, slashing; pungent,
piquant, full of point, pointed, pithy, antithetical;
sententious.
lofty, elevated, sublime;
eloquent; vehement, petulant, impassioned;
poetic.
Adv. in glowing terms,
in good set terms, in no measured terms.
Phr. “thoughts
that breath and words that burn” [Gray].
#575. Feebleness.
— N. feebleness &c. adj.
Adj. feeble, bald, tame,
meager, jejune, vapid, bland, trashy,
lukewarm, cold, frigid, poor, dull, dry, languid;
colorless, enervated; proposing, prosy, prosaic; unvaried,
monotonous, weak, washy, wishy-washy; sketchy, slight.
careless, slovenly,
loose, lax (negligent) 460; slipshod,
slipslop[obs3]; inexact; puerile, childish; flatulent;
rambling &c. (diffuse) 573.
#576. Plainness.
— N. plainness &c. adj.; simplicity, severity;
plain
terms, plain English; Saxon English; household words
V. call a spade “a
spade”; plunge in medias res; come to the point.
Adj. plain, simple;
unornamented, unadorned, unvarnished; homely,
homespun; neat; severe, chaste, pure, Saxon; commonplace,
matter-of-fact, natural, prosaic.
dry, unvaried,monotonous
&c. 575.
Adv. in plain terms,
in plain words, in plain English, in plain common
parlance; point-blank.
#577. Ornament.
— N. ornament; floridness c[obs3]. adj.
turgidity,
turgescence[obs3]; altiloquence &c. adj[obs3].; declamation,
teratology|!; well-rounded periods; elegance &c. 578;
orotundity.
inversion, antithesis,
alliteration, paronomasia; figurativeness &c.
(metaphor) 521.
flourish; flowers of
speech, flowers of rhetoric; frills of style,
euphuism[obs3], euphemism.
big-sounding words,
high-sounding words; macrology[obs3],
sesquipedalia verba[Lat], Alexandrine; inflation,
pretension; rant, bombast, fustian, prose run mad;
fine writing; sesquipedality[obs3]; Minerva press.
phrasemonger; euphuist[obs3],
euphemist.
V. ornament, overlay
with ornament, overcharge; smell of the lamp.
Adj. ornament &c. v.;
beautified &c. 847; ornate, florid, rich,
flowery; euphuistic[obs3], euphemistic; sonorous;
high-sounding, big-sounding; inflated, swelling,
tumid; turgid, turgescent; pedantic, pompous, stilted;
orotund; high flown, high flowing; sententious, rhetorical,
declamatory; grandiose; grandiloquent, magniloquent,
altiloquent[obs3]; sesquipedal[obs3], sesquipedalian;
Johnsonian, mouthy; bombastic; fustian; frothy, flashy,
flaming.
antithetical, alliterative;
figurative &c. 521; artificial &c.
(inelegant) 579.
Adv. ore rutundo[Lat].
#578. Elegance.
— N. elegance, purity, grace, ease; gracefulness,
readiness &c. adj.; concinnity[obs3], euphony, numerosity[obs3];
Atticism[obs3], classicalism[obs3], classicism.
well rounded periods,
well turned periods, flowing periods; the right
word in the right place; antithesis &c. 577.
purist.
V. point an antithesis,
round a period.
Adj. elegant, polished,
classical, Attic, correct, Ciceronian,
artistic; chaste, pure, Saxon, academical[obs3].
graceful, easy, readable,
fluent, flowing, tripping; unaffected,
natural, unlabored[obs3]; mellifluous; euphonious,
euphemism, euphemistic; numerose|, rhythmical.
felicitous, happy, neat;
well put, neatly put, well expressed, neatly
expressed
— p. 176 —
#579. Inelegance.
— N. inelegance; stiffness &c. adj.; “unlettered
Muse” [Gray]; barbarism; slang &c. 563; solecism
&c. 568; mannerism &c. (affectation) 855; euphuism[obs3];
fustian &c. 577; cacophony; words that break the teeth,
words that dislocate the jaw; marinism[obs3].
V. be inelegant &c.
adj.
Adj. inelegant, graceless,
ungraceful; harsh, abrupt; dry, stiff,
cramped, formal, guinde[Fr]; forced, labored; artificial,
mannered, ponderous; awkward, uncourtly[obs3], unpolished;
turgid &c. 577; affected, euphuistic[obs3]; barbarous,
uncouth, grotesque, rude, crude, halting; offensive
to ears polite.
% Spoken Language %
#580. Voice. —
N. voice; vocality[obs3]; organ, lungs, bellows; good
voice, fine voice, powerful voice &c. (loud) 404;
musical voice &c. 413; intonation; tone of voice &c.
(sound) 402.
vocalization; cry &c.
411; strain, utterance, prolation[obs3];
exclamation, ejaculation, vociferation, ecphonesis[obs3];
enunciation, articulation; articulate sound, distinctness;
clearness, of articulation; stage whisper; delivery.
accent, accentuation;
emphasis, stress; broad accent, strong accent,
pure accent, native accent, foreign accent; pronunciation.
[Word similarly pronounced]
homonym.
orthoepy[obs3]; cacoepy[obs3];
euphony &c. (melody) 413.
gastriloquism[obs3],
ventriloquism; ventriloquist; polyphonism[obs3],
polyphonist[obs3].
[Science of voice] phonology
&c. (sound) 402.
V. utter, breathe; give
utterance, give tongue; cry &c. (shout) 411;
ejaculate, rap out; vocalize, prolate|, articulate,
enunciate, pronounce, accentuate, aspirate, deliver,
mouth; whisper in the ear.
Adj. vocal, phonetic,
oral; ejaculatory, articulate, distinct,
stertorous; euphonious &c. (melodious) 413.
Phr. “how sweetly
sounds the voice of a good woman” [Massinger];
“the
organ of the soul” [Longfellow]; “thy
voice is a celestial melody” [Longfellow].
#581. Aphony. —
N. aphony[obs3], aphonia[obs3]; dumbness &c. adj.;
obmutescence[obs3]; absence of voice, want of voice;
dysphony[obs3]; cacoepy[obs3]; silence &c. (taciturnity)
585; raucity[obs3]; harsh voice &c. 410, unmusical
voice &c. 414; falsetto, “childish treble mute”;
dummy.
V. keep silence &c.
585; speak low, speak softly; whisper &c.
(faintness) 405.
silence; render mute,
render silent; muzzle, muffle, suppress,
smother, gag, strike dumb, dumfounder; drown the voice,
put to silence, stop one’s mouth, cut one short.
stick in the throat.
Adj. aphonous[obs3],
dumb, mute; deafmute, deaf and dumb; mum; tongue-
tied; breathless, tongueless, voiceless, speechless,
wordless; mute as a fish, mute as a stockfish[obs3],
mute as a mackerel; silent &c. (taciturn) 585; muzzled;
inarticulate, inaudible.
croaking, raucous, hoarse,
husky, dry, hollow, sepulchral, hoarse as a
raven; rough.
Adv. with bated breath,
with the finger on the lips; sotto voce[Lat];
in a low tone, in a cracked voice, in a broken voice.
Phr. vox faucibus haesit
[Lat][Vergil].
#582. Speech. —
N. speech, faculty of speech; locution, talk,
parlance, verbal intercourse, prolation[obs3], oral
communication, word of mouth, parole, palaver, prattle;
effusion.
oration, recitation,
delivery, say, speech, lecture, harangue, sermon,
tirade, formal speech, peroration; speechifying; soliloquy
&c. 589; allocution &c. 586; conversation &c. 588;
salutatory; screed; valedictory [U.S.][U.S.].
oratory; elocution,
eloquence; rhetoric, declamation; grandiloquence,
multiloquence[obs3]; burst of eloquence; facundity[obs3];
flow of words, command of words, command of language;
copia verborum[Lat]; power of speech, gift of the
gab; usus loquendi[Lat].
speaker &c. v.; spokesman;
prolocutor, interlocutor; mouthpiece,
Hermes; orator, oratrix[obs3], oratress[obs3]; Demosthenes,
Cicero; rhetorician; stump orator, platform orator;
speechmaker, patterer[obs3], improvisatore[obs3].
V. speak of; say, utter,
pronounce, deliver, give utterance to; utter
forth, pour forth; breathe, let fall, come out with;
rap out, blurt out have on one’s lips; have
at the end of one’s tongue, have at the tip of
one’s tongue.
break silence; open
one’s lips, open one’s mouth; lift one’s
voice,
raise one’s voice; give the tongue, wag the
tongue; talk, outspeak[obs3]; put in a word or two.
hold forth; make a speech,.deliver
a speech &c. n.; speechify,
harangue, declaim, stump, flourish, recite, lecture,
sermonize, discourse, be on one’s legs; have
one’s say, say one’s say; spout, rant,
rave, vent one’s fury, vent one’s rage;
expatiate &c. (speak at length) 573; speak one’s
mind, go on the stump, take the stump [U. S.].
soliloquize &c. 589;
tell &c. (inform) 527; speak to &c. 586; talk
together &c. 588.
be eloquent &c. adj;
have a tongue in one’s head, have the gift of
the
gab &c. n. pass one’s lips, escape one’s
lips; fall from the lips, fall from the mouth.
Adj. speaking &c., spoken
&c. v.; oral, lingual, phonetic, not
written, unwritten, outspoken; eloquent, elocutionary;
oratorical, rhetorical; declamatory; grandiloquent
&c. 577; talkative &c. 584; Ciceronian, nuncupative,
Tullian.
Adv. orally &c. adj.;
by word of mouth, viva voce, from the lips of.
Phr. quoth he, said
he &c.; “action is eloquence” [Coriolanus];
“pour
the full tide of eloquence along” [Pope]; “she
speaks poignards and every word stabs” [Much
Ado About Nothing]; “speech is but broken light
upon the depth of the unspoken [G. Eliot]; “to
try thy eloquence now ’tis time [Antony and
Cleopatra].
— p. 177 —
#583. [Imperfect Speech.]
Stammering. — N. inarticulateness;
stammering &c. v.; hesitation &c. v.; impediment in
one’s speech; titubancy[obs3], traulism|; whisper
&c. (faint sound) 405; lisp, drawl, tardiloquence[obs3];
nasal tone, nasal accent; twang; falsetto &c. (want
of voice) 581; broken voice, broken accents, broken
sentences.
brogue &c. 563; slip
of the tongue, lapsus linouae [Lat].
V. stammer, stutter,
hesitate, falter, hammer; balbutiate|,
balbucinate|, haw, hum and haw, be unable to put two
words together.
mumble, mutter; maud|,
mauder[obs3]; whisper &c. 405; mince, lisp;
jabber, gibber; sputter, splutter; muffle, mump[obs3];
drawl, mouth; croak; speak thick, speak through the
nose; snuffle, clip one’s words; murder the
language, murder the King’s English, murder the
Queen’s English; mispronounce, missay[obs3].
Adj. stammering &c.
v.; inarticulate, guttural, nasal; tremulous;
affected.
Adv. sotto voce &c.
(faintly) 405[Lat].
#584. Loquacity.
— N. loquacity, loquaciousness; talkativeness
&c.
adj.; garrulity; multiloquence[obs3], much speaking.
jaw; gabble; jabber, chatter; prate, prattle, cackle,
clack; twaddle, twattle, rattle; caquet[obs3], caquetterie[Fr];
blabber, bavardage[obs3], bibble-babble[obs3], gibble-gabble[obs3];
small talk &c. (converse) 588.
fluency, flippancy,
volubility, flowing, tongue; flow of words; flux
de bouche[Fr], flux de mots[Fr]; copia verborum[Lat],
cacoethes loquendi[Lat]; furor loquendi[Lat]; verbosity
&c. (diffuseness) 573; gift of the gab &c. (eloquence)
582.
talker; chatterer, chatterbox;
babbler &c. v.; rattle; ranter;
sermonizer, proser[obs3], driveler; blatherskite [U.
S.]; gossip &c. (converse) 588; magpie, jay, parrot,
poll, Babel; moulin a paroles[Fr]..
V. be loquacious &c.
adj.; talk glibly, pour forth, patter; prate,
palaver, prose, chatter, prattle, clack, jabber, jaw;
blather, blatter[obs3], blether[obs3]; rattle, rattle
on; twaddle, twattle; babble, gabble; outtalk; talk
oneself out of breath, talk oneself hoarse; expatiate
&c. (speak at length) 573; gossip &c. (converse) 588;
din in the ears &c. (repeat) 104; talk at random,
talk nonsense &c. 497; be hoarse with talking.
Adj. loquacious, talkative,
garrulous, linguacious|,
multiloquous[obs3]; largiloquent|; chattering &c.
v.; chatty &c. (sociable) 892; declamatory &c. 582;
open-mouthed.
fluent, voluble, glib,
flippant; long tongued, long winded &c.
(diffuse) 573.
Adv. trippingly on the
tongue; glibly &c. adj.; off the reel.
Phr. the tongue running
fast, the tongue running loose, the tongue
running on wheels; all talk and no cider; “foul
whisperings are abroad” [Macbeth]; “what
a spendthrift is he of his tongue!” [Tempest].
— p. 178 —
#585. Taciturnity.
— N. silence, muteness, obmutescence[obs3];
taciturnity, pauciloquy[obs3], costiveness|, curtness;
reserve, reticence &c. (concealment) 528.
man of few words.
V. be silent &c. adj.;
keep silence, keep mum; hold one’s tongue,
hold one’s peace, hold one’s jaw; not
speak. &c. 582; say nothing, keep one’s counsel;
seal the lips, close the lips, button the lips, zipper
the lips, put a padlock on the lips, put a padlock
on the mouth; put a bridle on one’s tongue;
bite one’s tongue, keep one’s tongue between
one’s teeth; make no sign, not let a word escape
one; keep a secret &c. 528; not have a word to say;
hush up, hush, lay the finger on the lips, place the
finger on the lips; render mute &c. 581.
stick in one’s
throat.
Adj. silent, mute, mum;
silent as a post, silent as a stone, silent as
the grave &c. (still) 403; dumb &c. 581; unconversable[obs3].
taciturn, sparing of
words; closetongued; costive|, inconversable|,
curt; reserved; reticent &c. (concealing) 528.
Int. shush! tush! silence!
mum! hush! chut[obs3]! hist! tut!
chup[obs3]! mum’s the word; keep your mouth
shut![vulgar].
Phr. cave quid dicis
quando et cui[Lat]; volto sciolto i pensieri
stretti[It].
#586. Allocution.
— N. allocution, alloquy|, address; speech
&c. 582;
apostrophe, interpellation, appeal, invocation, salutation;
word in the ear.
[Feigned dialogue] dialogism[obs3].
platform &c. 542; plank;
audience &c. (interview) 588.
V. speak to, address,
accost, make up to, apostrophize, appeal to,
invoke; ball, salute; call to, halloo.
take aside, take by
the button; talk to in private.
lecture &c. (make a
speech) 582.
Int. soho[obs3]! halloo!
hey! hist!
#587. Response — N. &c., see Answer 462.
#588. Conversation.
— N. conversation, interlocution;
collocution[obs3], colloquy, converse, confabulation,
talk, discourse, verbal intercourse; oral communication,
commerce; dialogue, duologue, trialogue.
causerie, chat, chitchat;
small talk, table talk, teatable talk[obs3],
town talk, village talk, idle talk; tattle, gossip,
tittle-tattle; babble, babblement[obs3]; tripotage[obs3],
cackle, prittle-prattle[obs3], cancan, on dit[Fr];
talk of the town, talk of the village.
conference, parley,
interview, audience, pourparler; tete-a-tete;
reception, conversazione[It]; congress &c. (council)
696; powwow [U. S.].
hall of audience, durbar[obs3].
palaver, debate, logomachy[obs3],
war of words.
gossip, tattler; Paul
Pry; tabby; chatterer &c. (loquacity) 584;
interlocutor &c. (spokesman) 582; conversationist[obs3],
dialogist[obs3].
“the feast of
reason and the flow of soul” [Pope]; mollia tempora
fandi[Lat][obs3].
V. talk together, converse,
confabulate; hold on a conversation, carry
on a conversation, join in a conversation, engage
#589. Soliloquy.
— N. soliloquy, monologue, apostrophe;
monology[obs3].
V. Soliloquize; say
to oneself, talk to oneself; say aside, think
aloud, apostrophize.
Adj. soliloquizing &c.
v.
Adv. aside.
— p. 179 — % Written Language %
#590. Writing.
— N. writing &c. v.; chirography, stelography[obs3],
cerography[obs3]; penmanship, craftmanship[obs3];
quill driving; typewriting.
writing, manuscript,
MS., literae scriptae[Lat]; these presents.
stroke of the pen, dash
of the pen; coupe de plume; line; headline;
pen and ink.
letter &c. 561; uncial
writing, cuneiform character, arrowhead, Ogham,
Runes, hieroglyphic; contraction; Brahmi[obs3], Devanagari,
Nagari; script.
shorthand; stenography,
brachygraphy[obs3], tachygraphy[obs3]; secret
writing, writing in cipher; cryptography, stenography;
phonography[obs3], pasigraphy[obs3], Polygraphy[obs3],
logography[obs3].
copy; transcript, rescript;
rough copy, fair copy; handwriting;
signature, sign manual; autograph, monograph, holograph;
hand, fist.
calligraphy; good hand,
running hand, flowing hand, cursive hand,
legible hand, bold hand.
cacography[obs3], griffonage[obs3],
barbouillage[obs3]; bad hand,
cramped hand, crabbed hand, illegible hand; scribble
&c. v.; pattes de mouche[Fr]; ill-formed letters;
pothooks and hangers.
stationery; pen, quill,
goose quill; pencil, style; paper, foolscap,
parchment, vellum, papyrus, tablet, slate, marble,
pillar, table; blackboard; ink bottle, ink horn, ink
pot, ink stand, ink well; typewriter.
transcription &c. (copy)
21; inscription &c. (record) 551;
superscription &c. (indication) 550; graphology.
composition, authorship;
cacoethes scribendi[Lat]; graphoidea[obs3],
graphomania[obs3]; phrenoia[obs3].
writer, scribe, amanuensis,
scrivener, secretary, clerk, penman,
copyist, transcriber, quill driver; stenographer,
typewriter, typist; writer for the press &c. (author)
593.
V. write, pen; copy,
engross; write out, write out fair; transcribe;
scribble, scrawl, scrabble, scratch; interline; stain
paper; write down &c. (record) 551; sign &c. (attest)
467; enface[obs3].
compose, indite, draw
up, draft, formulate; dictate; inscribe, throw
on paper, dash off; manifold. take up the pen, take
#591. Printing.
— N. printing; block printing, type- printing;
plate
printing &c. 558[engraving]; the press &c. (publication)
531; composition.
print, letterpress,
text; context, note, page, column.
typography; stereotype,
electrotype, aprotype[obs3]; type, black
letter, font, fount; pi, pie; capitals &c. (letters)
561; brevier[obs3], bourgeois, pica &c.
boldface, capitals,
caps., catchword; composing-frame, composing room,
composing rule, composing stand, composing stick;
italics, justification, linotype, live matter, logotype;
lower case, upper case; make-up, matrix, matter, monotype[obs3],
point system: 4-1/2, 5, 5-1/2, 6, 7, 8 point,
etc.; press room, press work; reglet[obs3], roman;
running head, running title; scale, serif, shank,
sheet work, shoulder, signature, slug, underlay.
folio &c. (book) 593;
copy, impression, pull, proof, revise; author’s
proof, galley proof, press proof; press revise.
printer, compositor,
reader; printer’s devil copyholder.
V. print; compose; put
to press, go to press; pass through the press,
see through the press; publish &c. 531; bring out;
appear in print, rush into print; distribute, makeup,
mortise, offset, overrun, rout.
Adj. printed &c. v.;
in type; typographical &c. n.; solid in galleys.
— p. 180 —
#592. Correspondence.
— N. correspondence, letter, epistle, note,
billet, post card, missive, circular, favor, billet-doux;
chit, chitty[obs3], letter card, picture post card;
postal [U.S.], card; despatch; dispatch; bulletin,
these presents; rescript, rescription[obs3]; post
&c. (messenger) 534.
V. correspond with;
write to, send a letter to; keep up a
correspondence.
Adj. epistolary.
Phr. furor scribendi[Lat].
— Book, periodical should be separated —
#593. Book. —
N. booklet; writing, work, volume, tome,
opuscule[obs3]; tract, tractate[obs3]; livret[obs3];
brochure, libretto, handbook, codex, manual, pamphlet,
enchiridion[obs3], circular, publication; chap book.
part, issue, number
livraison[Fr]; album, portfolio; periodical,
serial, magazine, ephemeris, annual, journal.
paper, bill, sheet,
broadsheet[obs3]; leaf, leaflet; fly leaf, page;
quire, ream
[subdivisions of a book]
chapter, section, head, article, paragraph,
#594. Description.
— N. description, account, statement, report;
expose &c. (disclosure) 529 specification, particulars;
state of facts, summary of facts; brief &c. (abstract)
596; return &c. (record) 551; catalogue raisonne &c.
(list) 86[Fr]; guidebook &c. (information) 527.
delineation &c (representation)
554; sketch; monograph; minute
account, detailed particular account, circumstantial
account, graphic account; narration, recital, rehearsal,
relation.
historiography[obs3],
chronography[obs3]; historic Muse, Clio;
history; biography, autobiography; necrology, obituary.
narrative, history;
memoir, memorials; annals &c. (chronicle) 551;
saga; tradition, legend, story, tale, historiette[obs3];
personal narrative, journal, life, adventures, fortunes,
experiences, confessions; anecdote, ana[obs3], trait.
work of fiction, novel,
romance, Minerva press; fairy tale, nursery
tale; fable, parable, apologue[obs3]; dime novel,
penny dreadful, shilling shocker
relator &c. v.; raconteur,
historian &c. (recorder) 553; biographer,
fabulist[obs3], novelist.
V. describe; set forth
&c. (state) 535; draw a picture, picture;
portray &c. (represent) 554; characterize, particularize;
narrate, relate, recite, recount, sum up, run over,
recapitulate, rehearse, fight one’s battles
over again.
unfold a tale &c. (disclose)
529; tell; give an account of, render an
account of; report, make a report, draw up a statement.
detail; enter into particulars,
enter into details, descend to
particulars, descend to details; itemize.
Adj. descriptive, graphic,
narrative, epic, suggestive, well-drawn;
historic; traditional, traditionary; legendary; anecdotic[obs3],
storied; described &c. v.
Phr. furor scribendi[Lat].
#595. Dissertation.
— N. dissertation, treatise, essay; thesis,
theme; monograph, tract, tractate[obs3], tractation[obs3];
discourse, memoir, disquisition, lecture, sermon,
homily, pandect[obs3]; excursus.
commentary, review,
critique, criticism, article; leader, leading
article; editorial; running commentary.
investigation &c. (inquiry)
461; study &c. (consideration) 451;
discussion &c. (reasoning) 476; exposition &c. (explanation)
522.
commentator, critic,
essayist, pamphleteer.
V. expound upon a subject,
dissert upon a subject[obs3], descant upon
a subject, write upon a subject, touch upon a subject;
treat a subject, treat a subject thoroughly, treat
of a subject, take up a subject, ventilate a subject,
discuss a subject, deal with a subject, go into a
subject, go into a subject at length, canvass a subject,
handle a subject, do justice to a subject.
hold forth[oral
dissertation], discourse, delve into.
Adj. discursive, discoursive[obs3];
disquisitionary[obs3]; expository.
— p. 181 —
#596. Compendium.
— N. compend, compendium; abstract, precis,
epitome, multum in parvo[Lat], analysis, pandect[obs3],
digest, sum and substance, brief, abridgment, summary,
apercu, draft, minute, note; excerpt; synopsis, textbook,
conspectus, outlines, syllabus, contents, heads, prospectus.
album; scrap book, note
book, memorandum book, commonplace book;
extracts, excerpta[obs3], cuttings; fugitive pieces,
fugitive writing; spicilegium[obs3], flowers, anthology,
collectanea[obs3], analecta[obs3]; compilation.
recapitulation, resume,
review.
abbreviation, abbreviature[obs3];
contraction; shortening &c. 201;
compression &c. 195.
V. abridge, abstract,
epitomize, summarize; make an abstract, prepare
an abstract, draw an abstract, compile an abstract
&c. n.
recapitulate, review,
skim, run over, sum up.
abbreviate &c. (shorten)
201; condense &c. (compress) 195; compile &c.
(collect) 72.
Adj. compendious, synoptic,
analectic[obs3]; abrege[Fr], abridged &c.
v.; variorum[obs3].
Adv. in short, in epitome,
in substance, in few words.
Phr. it lies in a nutshell.
#597. Poetry. —
N. poetry, poetics, poesy, Muse, Calliope, tuneful
Nine, Parnassus, Helicon[obs3], Pierides, Pierian
spring.
versification, rhyming,
making verses; prosody, orthometry[obs3].
poem; epic, epic poem;
epopee[obs3], epopoea, ode, epode[obs3], idyl,
lyric, eclogue, pastoral, bucolic, dithyramb, anacreontic[obs3],
sonnet, roundelay, rondeau[Fr], rondo, madrigal, canzonet[obs3],
cento[obs3], monody, elegy; amoebaeum, ghazal[obs3],
palinode.
dramatic poetry, lyric
poetry; opera; posy, anthology; disjecta membra
poetae
song[Lat], ballad, lay;
love song, drinking song, war song, sea song;
lullaby; music &c. 415; nursery rhymes.
Page 287
[Bad poetry] doggerel,
Hudibrastic verse[obs3], prose run mad;
macaronics[obs3]; macaronic verse[obs3], leonine verse;
runes.
canto, stanza, distich,
verse, line, couplet, triplet, quatrain;
strophe, antistrophe[obs3].
verse, rhyme, assonance,
crambo[obs3], meter, measure, foot, numbers,
strain, rhythm; accentuation &c. (voice) 580; dactyl,
spondee, trochee, anapest &c.; hexameter, pentameter;
Alexandrine; anacrusis[obs3], antispast[obs3], blank
verse, ictus.
elegiacs &c. adj.; elegiac
verse, elegaic meter, elegaic poetry.
poet, poet laureate;
laureate; bard, lyrist[obs3], scald, skald[obs3],
troubadour, trouvere[Fr]; minstrel; minnesinger, meistersinger[Ger];
improvisatore[obs3]; versifier, sonneteer; rhymer,
rhymist[obs3], rhymester; ballad monger, runer[obs3];
poetaster; genus irritabile vatum [Latin].
V. poetize, sing, versify,
make verses, rhyme, scan.
Adj. poetic, poetical;
lyric, lyrical, tuneful, epic, dithyrambic &c.
n.; metrical; a catalectin[obs3]; elegiac, iambic,
trochaic, anapestic[obs3]; amoebaeic, Melibean, skaldic[obs3];
Ionic, Sapphic, Alcaic[obs3], Pindaric.
Phr. “a poem round
and perfect as a star” [Alex. Smith]; Dichtung
und
Wahrheit [Ger]; furor poeticus[Lat]; “his virtues
formed the magic of his song” [Hayley]; “I
do but sing because I must” [Tennyson]; “I
learnt life from the poets” [de Stael]; licentia
vatum[Lat]; mutum est pictura poema[Lat]; “O
for a muse of fire!” [Henry V]; “sweet
food of sweetly uttered knowledge” [Sidney];
“the true poem is the poet’s mind”
[Emerson]; Volk der Dichter und Denker[Ger]; “wisdom
married to immortal verse” [Wordsworth].
#598. Prose. —
N. prose, prose writer. prosaicism[obs3],
prosaism[obs3], prosaist[obs3], proser[obs3].
V. prose.
write prose, write in
prose.
Adj. prosal[obs3],prosy,
prosaic; unpoetic, unpoetical[obs3].
rhymeless[obs3], unrhymed,
in prose, not in verse.
— p. 182 —
#599. The Drama.
— N. the drama, the stage, the theater,
the play;
film the film, movies, motion pictures, cinema, cinematography;
theatricals, dramaturgy, histrionic art, buskin, sock,
cothurnus[obs3], Melpomene and Thalia, Thespis.
play, drama, stage play,
piece[Fr], five-act play, tragedy, comedy,
opera, vaudeville, comedietta[obs3], lever de rideau[Fr],
interlude, afterpiece[obs3], exode[obs3], farce, divertissement,
extravaganza, burletta[obs3], harlequinade[obs3],
pantomime, burlesque, opera bouffe[Fr], ballet, spectacle,
masque, drame comedie drame[Fr]; melodrama, melodrame[obs3];
comidie larmoyante[Fr], sensation drama; tragicomedy,
farcical-comedy; monodrame monologue[obs3];duologue
trilogy; charade, proverbs; mystery, miracle play;
musical, musical comedy.
[movies] western, horse
opera; flick [coll.]; spy film, love story,
adventure film, documentary, nature film; pornographic
— p. 183 — % CLASS V WORDS RELATING TO THE VOLUNTARY POWERS
Division (I) INDIVIDUAL VOLITION
Section I. VOLITION IN GENERAL
1. Acts of Volition %
#600. Will. —
N. will, volition, conation[obs3], velleity; liberum
arbitrium[Lat]; will and pleasure, free will; freedom
&c. 748; discretion; option &c. (choice) 609; voluntariness[obs3];
spontaneity, spontaneousness; originality.
pleasure, wish, mind;
desire; frame of mind &c. (inclination) 602;
intention &c. 620; predetermination &c. 611; selfcontrol
&c. determination &c. (resolution) 604; force of will.
V. will, list; see fit,
think fit; determine &c. (resolve) 604;
enjoin; settle &c. (choose) 609; volunteer.
have a will of one’s
own; do what one chooses &c. (freedom) 748; have
it all one’s own way; have one’s will,
have one’s own way. use one’s discretion,
exercise one’s discretion; take upon oneself,
take one’s own course, take the law into one’s
own hands; do of one’s own accord, do upon one’s
own authority; originate &c. (cause) 153.
Adj. voluntary, volitional,
willful; free &c. 748; optional;
discretional, discretionary; volitient[obs3], volitive[obs3].
minded &c. (willing)
602; prepense &c. (predetermined) 611[obs3];
intended &c. 620; autocratic; unbidden &c. (bid &c.
741); spontaneous; original &c. (casual) 153; unconstrained.
Adv. voluntarily &c.
adj.; at will, at pleasure; a volonte[Fr], a
discretion; al piacere[It]; ad libitum, ad arbitrium[Lat];
as one thinks proper, as it seems good to; a beneplacito[It].
of one’s won accord,
of one’s own free will; proprio motu[Lat], suo
motu[Lat], ex meromotu[Lat]; out of one’s won
head; by choice &c. 609; purposely &c. (intentionally)
620; deliberately &c. 611.
Phr. stet pro ratione
voluntas[Lat]; sic volo sic jubeo[Lat]; a vostro
beneplacito[It]; beneficium accipere libertatem est
vendere[Lat]; Deus vult[Lat]; was man nicht kann meiden
muss man willig leiden[Ger].
#601. Necessity.
— N. involuntariness; instinct, blind impulse;
inborn proclivity, innate proclivity; native tendency,
natural tendency; natural impulse, predetermination.
necessity, necessitation;
obligation; compulsion &c. 744; subjection
&c. 749; stern necessity, hard necessity, dire necessity,
imperious necessity, inexorable necessity, iron necessity,
adverse necessity; fate; what must be.
destiny, destination;
fatality, fate, kismet, doom, foredoom,
election, predestination; preordination, foreordination;
lot fortune; fatalism; inevitableness &c. adj.; spell
&c. 993.
star, stars; planet,
planets; astral influence; sky, Fates, Parcae,
Sisters three, book of fate; God’s will, will
of Heaven; wheel of Fortune, Ides of March, Hobson’s
choice.
last shift, last resort;
dernier ressort[Fr]; pis aller &c.
(substitute) 147[Fr]; necessaries &c. (requirement)
— p. 184 —
#602. Willingness.
— N. willingness, voluntariness &c. adj[obs3].;
willing mind, heart.
disposition, inclination,
leaning, animus; frame of mind, humor, mood,
vein; bent &c. (turn of mind) 820; penchant &c. (desire)
865; aptitude &c. 698.
docility, docibleness[obs3];
persuasibleness[obs3],
persuasibility[obs3]; pliability &c. (softness) 324.
geniality, cordiality;
goodwill; alacrity, readiness, earnestness,
forwardness; eagerness &c. (desire) 865.
asset &c. 488; compliance
&c. 762; pleasure &c. (will) 600; gratuitous
service.
labor of love; volunteer,
volunteering.
V. be willing &c. adj.;
incline, lean to, mind, propend; had as lief;
lend a willing ear, give a willing ear, turn a willing
ear; have a half a mind to, have a great mind to;
hold to, cling to; desire &c. 865.
see fit, think good,
think proper; acquiesce &c (assent) 488; comply
with &c. 762.
swallow the bait, nibble
at the bait; gorge the hook; have no scruple
of, make no scruple of; make no bones of; jump at,
catch at; meet halfway; volunteer.
#603. Unwillingness.
— N. unwillingness &c. adj.; indisposition,
indisposedness[obs3]; disinclination, aversation[obs3];
nolleity[obs3], nolition[obs3]; renitence[obs3], renitency;
reluctance; indifference &c. 866; backwardness &c.
adj.; slowness &c. 275; want of alacrity, want of
readiness; indocility &c. (obstinacy) 606[obs3].
scrupulousness, scrupulosity;
qualms of conscience, twinge of
conscience; delicacy, demur, scruple, qualm, shrinking,
recoil; hesitation &c. (irresolution) 605; fastidiousness
&c. 868.
averseness &c. (dislike)
867[obs3]; dissent &c. 489; refusal &c. 764.
V. be unwilling &c.
adj.; nill; dislike &c. 867; grudge, begrudge; not
be able to find it in one’s heart to, not have
the stomach to.
demur, stick at, scruple,
stickle; hang fire, run rusty; recoil,
shrink, swerve; hesitate &c. 605; avoid &c. 623.
oppose &c. 708; dissent
&c. 489; refuse &c. 764.
Adj. unwilling; not
in the vein, loth, loath, shy of, disinclined,
indisposed, averse, reluctant, not content; adverse
&c. (opposed) 708; laggard, backward, remiss, slack,
slow to; indifferent &c. 866; scrupulous; squeamish
&c. (fastidious) 868; repugnant &c. (dislike) 867;
restiff|, restive; demurring &c. v.; unconsenting
&c. (refusing) 764; involuntary &c. 601.
Adv. unwillingly &c.
adj.; grudgingly, with a heavy heart; with a bad,
with an ill grace; against one’s wishes, against
one’s will, against the grain, sore against
one’s wishes, sore against one’s will,
sore against one’s grain; invita Minerva[Lat];
a contre caeur[Fr]; malgre soi[Fr]; in spite of one’s
teeth, in spite of oneself; nolens volens &c. (necessity)
601[Lat]; perforce &c. 744; under protest; no &c. 536;
not for the world, far be it from me.
— p. 185 —
#604. Resolution.
— N. determination, will; iron will, unconquerable
will; will of one’s own, decision, resolution;
backbone; clear grit, true grit, grit [U. S.
&can.]; sand, strength of mind, strength of will; resolve
&c. (intent) 620; firmness &c. (stability) 150; energy,
manliness, vigor; game, pluck; resoluteness &c. (courage)
861; zeal &c. 682; aplomb; desperation; devotion,
devotedness.
mastery over self; self
control, self command, self possession, self
reliance, self government, self restraint, self conquest,
self denial; moral courage, moral strength; perseverance
&c. 604a; tenacity; obstinacy &c. 606; bulldog; British
lion.
V. have determination
&c. n.; know one’s own mind; be resolved &c.
adj.; make up one’s mind, will, resolve, determine;
decide &c. (judgment) 480; form a determination, come
to a determination, come to a resolution, come to
a resolve; conclude, fix, seal, determine once for
all, bring to a crisis, drive matters to an extremity;
take a decisive step &c. (choice) 609; take upon oneself
&c. (undertake) 676.
devote oneself to, give
oneself up to; throw away the scabbard, kick
down the ladder, nail one’s colors to the mast,
set one’s back against the wall, set one’s
teeth, put one’s foot down, take one’s
stand; stand firm &c. (stability) 150; steel oneself;
stand no nonsense, not listen to the voice of the
charmer.
buckle to; buckle oneself
put one’s shoulder to the wheel, lay one’s
shoulder to the wheel, set one’s shoulder to
the wheel; put one’s heart into; run the gauntlet,
make a dash at, take the bull by the horns; rush in
medias res, plunge in medias res; go in for; insist
upon, make a point of; set one’s heart upon,
set one’s mind upon.
stick at nothing, stop
at nothing; make short work of &c. (activity)
682; not stick at trifles; go all lengths, go the
limit *, go the whole hog; persist &c. (persevere)
604a; go through fire and water, ride the tiger, ride
in the whirlwind and direct the storm.
Adj. resolved &c. v.;
determined; strong-willed, strong-minded;
resolute &c. (brave) 861; self-possessed; decided,
definitive, peremptory, tranchant[obs3]; unhesitating,
unflinching, unshrinking[obs3]; firm, iron, gritty
[U.S.], indomitable, game to the backbone; inexorable,
relentless, not to be shaken, not to be put down;
tenax propositi[Lat]; inflexible &c. (hard) 323; obstinate
&c. 606; steady &c. (persevering) 604a.
earnest, serious; set
upon, bent upon, intent upon.
steel against, proof
against; in utrumque paratus[Lat].
Adv. resolutely &c.
adj.; in earnest, in good earnest; seriously,
joking apart, earnestly, heart and soul; on one’s
mettle; manfully, like a man, with a high hand; with
a strong hand &c. (exertion) 686.
at any rate, at any
risk, at any hazard at any price, at any cost, at
any sacrifice; at all hazards, at all risks, at all
events; a bis ou a blanc[Fr][obs3]; cost what it may;
coute[Fr]; a tort et a travers[obs3]; once for all;
neck or nothing; rain or shine.
Phr. spes sibi quisque[Lat];
celui qui veut celui-la peut[Fr]; chi non
s’arrischia non guadagna[Fr][obs3]; frangas
non flectes[Lat]; manu forti[Lat]; tentanda via est[Lat].
#604a. Perseverance.
— N. perseverance; continuance &c. (inaction)
143; permanence &c. (absence of change) 141; firmness
&c. (stability) 150.
constancy, steadiness;
singleness of purpose, tenacity of purpose;
persistence, plodding, patience; sedulity &c. (industry)
682; pertinacy|, pertinacity, pertinaciousness; iteration
&c. 104
bottom, game, pluck,
stamina, backbone, grit; indefatigability,
indefatigableness; bulldog courage.
V. persevere, persist;
hold on, hold out; die in the last ditch, be in
at the death; stick to, cling to, adhere to; stick
to one’s text, keep on; keep to one’s
course, keep to one’s ground, maintain one’s
course, maintain one’s ground; go all lengths,
go through fire and water; bear up, keep up, hold
up; plod; stick to work &c. (work) 686; continue &c.
143; follow up; die in harness, die at one’s
post.
Adj. persevering, constant;
steady, steadfast; undeviating,
unwavering, unfaltering, unswerving, unflinching,
unsleeping[obs3], unflagging, undrooping[obs3]; steady
as time; unrelenting, unintermitting[obs3], unremitting;
plodding; industrious &c. 682; strenuous &c. 686;
pertinacious; persisting, persistent.
solid, sturdy, staunch,
stanch, true to oneself; unchangeable &c. 150;
unconquerable &c. (strong) 159; indomitable, game
to the last, indefatigable, untiring, unwearied, never
tiring.
Adv. through evil report
and good report, through thick and thin,
through fire and water; per fas et nefas[Lat]; without
fail, sink or swim, at any price, vogue la galere[Fr]..
Phr. never say die;
give it the old college try; vestigia nulla
retrorsum[Lat]; aut vincer aut mori[Lat]; la garde
meurt et ne se rend pas[Fr]; tout vient a temps pour
qui sait attendre[Fr].
— p. 186 —
#605. Irresolution.
— N. irresolution, infirmity of purpose,
indecision; indetermination, undetermination|!; unsettlement;
uncertainty &c. 475; demur, suspense; hesitating &c.
v., hesitation, hesitancy; vacillation; changeableness
&c. 149; fluctuation; alternation &c. (oscillation)
314; caprice &c. 608.
fickleness, levity,
legerete[Fr]; pliancy &c. (softness) 324;
weakness; timidity &c. 860; cowardice &c. 862; half
measures.
waverer, ass between
two bundles of hay; shuttlecock, butterfly; wimp;
doughface [obs3][U. S.].
V. be irresolute &c.
adj.; hang in suspense, keep in suspense; leave
“ad referendum”; think twice about, pause;
dawdle &c. (inactivity) 683; remain neuter; dillydally,
hesitate, boggle, hover, dacker[obs3], hum and haw,
demur, not know one’s own mind; debate, balance;
dally with, coquet with; will and will not, chaser-balancer[obs3];
go halfway, compromise, make a compromise; be thrown
off one’s balance, stagger like a drunken man;
be afraid &c. 860; “let ‘I dare not’
wait upon ‘I would’” [Macbeth]; falter,
waver
vacillate &c. 149; change
&c. 140; retract &c. 607; fluctuate;
#606. Obstinacy.
— N. obstinateness &c. adj.; obstinacy,
tenacity;
cussedness [U. S.]; perseverance &c. 604a; immovability;
old school; inflexibility &c. (hardness) 323; obduracy,
obduration[obs3]; dogged resolution; resolution &c.
604; ruling passion; blind side.
self-will, contumacy,
perversity; pervicacy|, pervicacity[obs3];
indocility[obs3].
bigotry, intolerance,
dogmatism; opiniatry|, opiniativeness; fixed
idea &c. (prejudgment) 481; fanaticism, zealotry,
infatuation, monomania; opinionatedness opinionativeness[obs3].
mule; opinionist|, opinionatist[obs3],
opiniator|, opinator|;
stickler, dogmatist; bigot; zealot, enthusiast, fanatic.
V. be obstinate &c.
adj.; stickle, take no denial, fly in the face of
facts; opinionate, be wedded to an opinion, hug a
belief; have one’s own way &c. (will) 600; persist
&c. (persevere) 604a; have the last word, insist on
having the last word.
die hard, fight against
destiny, not yield an inch, stand out.
Adj. obstinate, tenacious,
stubborn, obdurate, casehardened;
inflexible &c. (hard) 323; balky; immovable, unshakable,
not to be moved; inert &c. 172; unchangeable &c. 150;
inexorable &c. (determined) 604; mulish, obstinate
as a mule, pig-headed.
dogged; sullen, sulky;
unmoved, uninfluenced, unaffected.
willful, self-willed,
perverse; resty[obs3], restive, restiff|;
pervicacious[obs3], wayward, refractory, unruly; heady,
headstrong; entete[Fr]; contumacious; crossgrained[obs3].
arbitrary, dogmatic,
positive, bigoted; prejudiced &c. 481; creed-
bound; prepossessed, infatuated; stiff-backed, stiff
necked, stiff hearted; hard-mouthed, hidebound; unyielding;
impervious, impracticable, inpersuasible[obs3]; unpersuadable;
intractable, untractable[obs3]; incorrigible, deaf
to advice, impervious to reason; crotchety &c. 608.
Adv. obstinately &c.
adj.
Phr. non possumus[Lat];
no surrender; ils n’ont rien appris ne rien
oublie[Fr].
— p. 187 —
#607. Tergiversation.
— N. change of mind, change of intention,
change of purpose; afterthought.
tergiversation, recantation;
palinode, palinody[obs3]; renunciation;
abjuration,abjurement[obs3]; defection &c. (relinquishment)
624; going over &c. v.; apostasy; retraction, retractation[obs3];
withdrawal; disavowal &c. (negation) 536; revocation,
revokement[obs3]; reversal; repentance &c. 950- redintegratio
amoris[Lat].
coquetry; vacillation
&c. 605; backsliding; volte-face[Fr].
turn coat, turn tippet|;
rat, apostate, renegade; convert, pervert;
proselyte, deserter; backslider; blackleg, crawfish
[U. S.], scab*, mugwump [U. S.], recidivist.
time server, time pleaser[obs3];
timist|, Vicar of Bray, trimmer,
ambidexter[obs3]; weathercock &c. (changeable) 149;
Janus.
V. change one’s
mind, change one’s intention, change one’s
purpose,
change one’s note; abjure, renounce; withdraw
from &c. (relinquish) 624; waver, vacillate; wheel
round, turn round, veer round; turn a pirouette; go
over from one side to another, pass from one side to
another, change from one side to another, skip from
one side to another; go to the rightabout; box the
compass, shift one’s ground, go upon another
tack.
apostatize, change sides,
go over, rat; recant, retract; revoke;
rescind &c. (abrogate) 756; recall; forswear, unsay;
come over, come round to an opinion; crawfish [U.
S.], crawl [U. S.].
draw in one’s
horns, eat one’s words; eat the leek, swallow
the leek;
swerve, flinch, back out of, retrace one’s steps,
think better of it; come back return to one’s
first love; turn over a new leaf &c. (repent) 950.
trim, shuffle, play
fast and loose, blow hot and cold, coquet, be on
the fence, straddle, bold with the hare but run with
the hounds; nager entre deux eaux[Fr]; wait to see
how the cat jumps, wait to see how the wind blows.
Adj. changeful &c. 149;
irresolute &c. 605; ductile, slippery as an
eel, trimming, ambidextrous, timeserving[obs3]; coquetting
&c. v.
revocatory[obs3], reactionary.
Phr. “a change
came o’er the spirit of my dream” [Byron].
#608. Caprice.
— N. caprice, fancy, humor; whim, whimsy,
whimsey[obs3], whimwham[obs3]; crotchet, capriccio,
quirk, freak, maggot, fad, vagary, prank, fit, flimflam,
escapade, boutade[Fr], wild-goose chase; capriciousness
&c. adj.; kink.
V. be capricious &c.
adj.; have a maggot in the brain; take it into
one’s head, strain at a gnat and swallow a camel;
blow hot and cold; play fast and loose, play fantastic
tricks; tourner casaque[Fr].
Adj. capricious; erratic,
eccentric, fitful, hysterical; full of whims
&c. n.; maggoty; inconsistent, fanciful, fantastic,
whimsical, crotchety, kinky [U. S.], particular,
humorsome[obs3], freakish, skittish, wanton, wayward;
contrary; captious; arbitrary; unconformable &c. 83;
penny wise and pound foolish; fickle &c. (irresolute)
605; frivolous, sleeveless, giddy, volatile.
Adv. by fits and starts,
without rhyme or reason.
Phr. nil fuit unquain
sic inipar sibi[Lat]; the deuce is in him.
— p. 188 —
#609. Choice. —
N. choice, option; discretion &c. (volition) 600;
preoption[obs3]; alternative; dilemma, embarras de
choix[Fr]; adoption, cooptation[obs3]; novation[obs3];
decision &c. (judgment) 480.
election; political
election (politics) 737a.
selection, excerption,
gleaning, eclecticism; excerpta[obs3],
gleanings, cuttings, scissors and paste; pick &c.
(best) 650.
preference, prelation[obs3],
opinion poll, survey; predilection &c.
(desire) 865.
V. offers one’s
choice, set before; hold out the alternative, present
the alternative, offer the alternative; put to the
vote.
use option, use discretion,
exercise option, exercise discretion,
one’s option; adopt, take up, embrace, espouse;
choose, elect, opt for; take one’s choice, make
one’s choice; make choice of, fix upon.
vote, poll, hold up
one’s hand; divide.
settle; decide &c. (adjudge)
480; list &c. (will) 600; make up one’s
mind &c. (resolve) 604.
select; pick and choose;
pick out, single out; cull, glean, winnow;
sift the chaff from the wheat, separate the chaff
from the wheat, winnow the chaff from the wheat; pick
up, pitch upon; pick one’s way; indulge one’s
fancy.
set apart, mark out
for; mark &c. 550.
prefer; have rather,
have as lief; fancy &c. (desire) 865; be
persuaded &c. 615.
take a decided step,
take a decisive step; commit oneself to a course;
pass the Rubicon, cross the Rubicon; cast in one’s
lot with; take for better or for worse.
Adj. optional; discretional
&c. (voluntary) 600.
eclectic; choosing &c.
v.; preferential; chosen &c. v.; choice &c.
(good) 648.
Adv. optionally &c.
adj.; at pleasure &c. (will) 600; either the one
or the other; or at the option of; whether or not;
once and for all; for one’s money.
by choice, by preference;
in preference; rather, before.
#609a. Absence
of Choice. — N. no choice, Hobson’s
choice; first come
first served, random selection; necessity &c. 601;
not a pin to choose &c. (equality) 27; any, the first
that comes; that or nothing.
neutrality, indifference;
indecision &c. (irresolution) 605;
arbitrariness.
coercion (compulsion)
744.
V. be neutral &c. adj.;
have no choice, have no election; waive, not
vote; abstain from voting, refrain from voting; leave
undecided; “make a virtue of necessity”
[Two Gentlemen].
Adj. neutral, neuter;
indifferent, uninterested; undecided &c.
(irresolute) 605.
Adv. either &c. (choice)
609.
Phr. who cares? what
difference does it make? “There’s
not a dime’s
worth of difference between them.” [George Wallace].
#610. Rejection.
— N. rejection, repudiation, exclusion;
refusal &c.
764; declination
V. reject; set aside,
lay aside; give up; decline &c. (refuse) 764;
exclude, except; pluck, spin; cast.
repudiate, scout, set
at naught; fling to the winds, fling to the
dogs, fling overboard, fling away, cast to the winds,
cast to the dogs, cast overboard, cast away, throw
to the winds, throw to the dogs, throw overboard,
throw away, toss to the winds, toss to the dogs, toss
overboard, toss away; send to the right about; disclaim
&c. (deny) 536; discard &c. (eject) 297, (have done
with) 678.
Adj. rejected &c. v.;
reject, rejectaneous|, rejectious|; not chosen
&c. 609, to be thought of, out of the question
Adv. neither, neither
the one nor the other; no &c 536.
Phr. non haec in faedera[Lat].
#611. Predetermination.
— N. predestination, preordination,
premeditation, predeliberation[obs3], predetermination;
foregone conclusion, fait accompli[Fr]; parti pris[Fr];
resolve, propendency|; intention &c. 620; project
&c. 626; fate, foredoom, necessity.
V. predestine, preordain,
predetermine, premeditate, resolve, concert;
resolve beforehand, predesignate.
Adj. prepense[obs3],
premeditated &c. v., predesignated,
predesigned[obs3]; advised, studied, designed, calculated;
aforethought; intended &c. 620; foregone.
well-laid, well-devised,
well-weighed; maturely considered; cunning.
Adv. advisedly &c. adj.;
with premeditation, deliberately, all things
considered, with eyes open, in cold blood; intentionally
&c. 620.
#612. Impulse.
— N. impulse, sudden thought; impromptu,
improvisation; inspiration, flash, spurt.
improvisatore[obs3]; creature of impulse.
V. flash on the mind.
say what comes uppermost;
improvise, extemporize.
Adj. extemporaneous,
impulsive, indeliberate[obs3]; snap; improvised,
improvisate[obs3], improvisatory[obs3]; unpremeditated,
unmeditated; improvise; unprompted, unguided; natural,
unguarded; spontaneous &c. (voluntary) 600; instinctive
&c. 601.
Adv. extempore, extemporaneously;
offhand, impromptu, a
limproviste[Fr]; improviso[obs3]; on the spur of the
moment, on the spur of the occasion.
— p. 189 —
#613. Habit. [includes
commonness due to frequency of occurrence] —
N. habit, habitude; assuetude|, assuefaction|, wont;
run, way.
common state of things,
general state of things, natural state of
things, ordinary state of things, ordinary course
of things, ordinary run of things; matter of course;
beaten path, beaten track, beaten ground.
prescription, custom,
use, usage, immemorial usage, practice;
prevalence, observance; conventionalism, conventionality;
mode, fashion, vogue; etiquette &c. (gentility) 852;
order of the day, cry; conformity &c. 82; consuetude,.dustoor[obs3].
#614. Desuetude.
— N. desuetude, disusage[obs3]; obsolescence,
disuse
&c. 678; want of habit, want of practice; inusitation[obs3];
newness to; new brooms.
infraction of usage
&c. (unconformity) 83; nonprevalence[obs3]; “a
custom more honored in the breach than the observance”
[Hamlet].
V. be -unaccustomed
&c. adj.; leave off a habit, cast off a habit,
break off a habit, wean oneself of a habit, violate
a habit, break through a habit, infringe a habit,
leave off a custom, cast off a custom, break off a
custom, wean oneself of a custom, violate a custom,
break through a custom, infringe a custom, leave off
a usage, cast off a usage, break off a usage, wean
oneself of a usage, violate a usage, break through
a usage, infringe a usage; disuse &c. 678; wear off.
Adj. unaccustomed, unused,
unwonted, unseasoned, uninured[obs3],
unhabituated[obs3], untrained; new; green &c. (unskilled)
699; unhackneyed.
unusual &c. (unconformable)
83; nonobservant[obs3]; disused &c. 678.
— p. 190 — % 2. Causes of Volition %
#615. Motive. —
N. motive, springs of action, wellsprings of action.
reason, ground, call,
principle; by end, by purpose; mainspring,
primum mobile[Lat], keystone; the why and the wherefore;
pro and con, reason why; secret motive, arriere pensee[Fr];
intention &c. 620.
inducement, consideration;
attraction; loadstone; magnet, magnetism,
magnetic force; allectation|, allective|; temptation,
enticement, agacerie[obs3], allurement, witchery;
bewitchment, bewitchery; charm; spell &c. 993; fascination,
blandishment, cajolery; seduction, seducement; honeyed
words, voice of the tempter, song of the Sirens forbidden
fruit, golden apple.
persuasibility[obs3],
persuasibleness[obs3]; attractability[obs3];
impressibility, susceptibility; softness; persuasiveness,
attractiveness; tantalization[obs3]. influence, prompting,
dictate, instance; impulse, impulsion; incitement,
incitation; press, instigation; provocation &c. (excitation
of feeling) 824; inspiration; persuasion, suasion;
encouragement, advocacy; exhortation; advice &c. 695;
solicitation &c. (request) 765; lobbyism; pull*.
incentive, stimulus,
spur, fillip, whip, goad, ankus[obs3], rowel,
provocative, whet, dram.
bribe, lure; decoy,
decoy duck; bait, trail of a red herring; bribery
and corruption; sop, sop for Cerberus.
prompter, tempter; seducer,
seductor[obs3]; instigator, firebrand,
incendiary; Siren, Circe; agent provocateur; lobbyist.
V. induce, move; draw,
draw on; bring in its train, give an impulse
&c. n.; to; inspire; put up to, prompt, call up; attract,
beckon.
stimulate &c. (excite)
824; spirit up, inspirit; rouse, arouse;
animate, incite, foment, provoke, instigate, set on,
actuate; act upon, work upon, operate upon; encourage;
pat on the back, pat on the shoulder, clap on the
back, clap on the shoulder.
#615a. Absence
of Motive. — N. absence of motive, aimlessness;
caprice &c. 608; chance &c. (absence of design) 621.
V. have no motive; scruple
&c. (be unwilling) 603.
Adj. without rhyme or
reason; aimless, capricious, whimsical &c.
(chance) 621.
Adv. out of mere caprice.
— p. 191 —
#616. Dissuasion.
— N. dissuasion, dehortation[obs3], expostulation,
remonstrance; deprecation &c. 766.
discouragement, damper,
wet blanket; disillusionment, disenchantment.
cohibition &c. (restraint)
751[obs3]; curb &c. (means of restraint)
752; check &c. (hindrance) 706.
reluctance &c. (unwillingness)
603; contraindication.
V. dissuade, dehort[obs3],
cry out against, remonstrate, expostulate,
warn, contraindicate.
#617. [Ostensible motive,
ground, or reason assigned.] Pretext. —
N.
pretext, pretense, pretension, plea|; allegation,
advocation; ostensible motive, ostensible ground,
ostensible reason, phony reason; excuse &c. (vindication)
937; subterfuge; color; gloss, guise, cover.
loop hole, starting
hole; how to creep out of, salvo, come off; way of
escape.
handle, peg to hang
on, room locus standi[Lat]; stalking-horse, cheval
de bataille[Fr], cue.
pretense &c. (untruth)
546; put off, dust thrown in the eyes; blind;
moonshine; mere pretext, shallow pretext; lame excuse,
lame apology; tub to a whale; false plea, sour grapes;
makeshift, shift, white lie; special pleading &c.
(sophistry) 477; soft sawder &c. (flattery) 933[obs3].
V. pretend, plead, allege;
shelter oneself under the plea of; excuse
&c. (vindicate) 937; lend a color to; furnish a handle
&c. n.; make a pretext of, make a handle of; use as
a plea &c. n.; take one’s stand upon, make capital
out of, pretend &c. (lie) 544.
Adj. ostensibly &c.
(manifest) 525; alleged, apologetic; pretended &c.
545.
Adv. ostensibly; under
color; under the plea, under the pretense of,
under the guise of.
% 3. Objects of Volition %
#618. Good. —
N. good, benefit, advantage; improvement &c. 658;
greatest good, supreme good; interest, service, behoof,
behalf; weal; main chance, summum bonum[Lat], common
weal; “consummation devoutly to be wished”;
gain, boot; profit, harvest.
boon &c. (gift) 784;
good turn; blessing; world of good; piece of good
luck[Fr], piece of good fortune[Fr]; nuts, prize,
windfall, godsend, waif, treasure-trove.
good fortune &c. (prosperity)
734; happiness &c. 827.
[Source of good] goodness
&c. 648; utility &c. 644; remedy &c. 662;
pleasure giving &c. 829.
Adj. commendable &c.
931; useful &c. 644; good &c., beneficial &c.
648.
Adv. well, aright, satisfactorily,
favorably, not amis[Fr]; all for
the best; to one’s advantage &c. n.; in one’s
favor, in one’s interest &c. n.
Phr. so far so good;
magnum bonum[Lat].
#619. Evil. —
N. evil, ill, harm, hurt., mischief, nuisance;
machinations of the devil, Pandora’s box, ills
that flesh is heir to.
blow, buffet, stroke,
scratch, bruise, wound, gash, mutilation; mortal
blow, wound; immedicabile vulnus[Lat]; damage, loss
&c. (deterioration) 659.
disadvantage, prejudice,
drawback.
disaster, accident,
casualty; mishap &c. (misfortune) 735; bad job,
devil to pay; calamity, bale, catastrophe, tragedy;
ruin &c. (destruction) 162; adversity &c. 735.
mental suffering &c.
828. * demon &v[Evil spirit]. 980. bane &c.
663[Cause of evil]. badness &c. 649[Production of
evil]; painfulness &c. 830; evil doer &c. 913.
outrage, wrong, injury,
foul play; bad turn, ill turn; disservice,
spoliation &c. 791; grievance, crying evil.
V. be in trouble &c.
(adversity) 735.
Adj. disastrous, bad
&c. 649; awry, out of joint; disadvantageous.
Adv. amis[Fr], wrong,
ill, to one’s cost
Phr. “moving accidents
by flood and field” [Othello].
— p. 192 — %
Section
II. Prospective Volition
1. Conceptional Volition %
#620. Intention.
— N. intent, intention, intentionality;
purpose; quo
animo[Lat]; project &c. 626; undertaking &c. 676;
predetermination &c. 611; design, ambition.
contemplation, mind,
animus, view, purview, proposal; study; look out.
final cause; raison
d’etre[Fr]; cui bono[Lat]; object, aim, end;
“the
be all and the end all”; drift &c. (meaning)
516; tendency &c. 176; destination, mark, point, butt,
goal, target, bull’s-eye, quintain[obs3][medeival];
prey, quarry, game.
decision, determination,
resolve; fixed set purpose, settled purpose;
ultimatum; resolution &c. 604; wish &c. 865; arriere
pensee[Fr]; motive &c. 615.
[Study of final causes]
teleology.
V. intend, purpose,
design, mean; have to; propose to oneself; harbor
a design; have in view, have in contemplation, have
in one’s eye, have in-petto; have an eye to.
bid for, labor for;
be after, aspire after, endeavor after; be at, aim
at, drive at, point at, level at, aspire at; take
aim; set before oneself; study to.
take upon oneself &c.
(undertake) 676; take into one’s head; meditate,
contemplate of, think of, dream of, talk of; premeditate
&c. 611; compass, calculate; destine, destinate[obs3];
propose.
project &c. (plan) 626;
have a mind to &c. (be willing) 602; desire
&c. 865; pursue &c. 622.
Adj. intended &c. v.;
intentional, advised, express, determinate;
prepense &c. 611[obs3]; bound for; intending &c. v.;
minded; bent upon &c. (earnest) 604; at stake; on
the anvil, on the tapis[obs3]; in view, in prospect,
in the breast of; in petto; teleological
Adv. intentionally &c.
adj.; advisedly, wittingly, knowingly,
designedly, purposely, on purpose, by design, studiously,
pointedly; with intent &c. n.; deliberately &c. (with
— p. 193 —
#621. [Absence of purpose
in the succession of events] Chance. 2 —
N.
chance &c. 156; lot, fate &c. (necessity) 601; luck;
good luck &c. (good) 618; mascot.
speculation, venture,
stake, game of chance; mere shot, random shot;
blind bargain, leap in the dark; pig in a poke &c.
(uncertainty) 475; fluke, potluck; faro bank; flyer*;
limit.
uncertainty; uncertainty
principle, Heisenberg’s uncertainty
principle.
drawing lots; sortilegy[obs3],
sortition|; sortes[obs3], sortes
Virgilianae[obs3]; rouge et noir[Fr], hazard, ante,
chuck-a-luck, crack-loo [obs3][U.S.], craps, faro,
roulette, pitch and toss, chuck, farthing, cup tossing,
heads or tails cross and pile, poker-dice; wager; bet,
betting; gambling; the turf.
gaming house, gambling
house, betting house; bucket shop; gambling
joint; totalizator, totalizer; hell; betting ring;
dice, dice box.
[person who takes chances]
gambler, gamester; man of the turf;
adventurer; dicer|!.
V. chance &c. (hap)
156; stand a chance &c. (be possible) 470.
toss up; cast lots,
draw lots; leave to chance, trust to chance, leave
to the chapter of accidents, trust to the chapter
of accidents; tempt fortune; chance it, take one’s
chance, take a shot at it (attempt) 675; run the risk,
run the chance, incur the risk, incur the chance, encounter
the risk, encounter the chance; stand the hazard of
the die.
speculate, try one’s
luck, set on a cast, raffle, put into a lottery,
buy a pig in a poke, shuffle the cards.
risk, venture, hazard,
stake; ante; lay, lay a wager; make a bet,
wager, bet, gamble, game, play for; play at chuck
farthing.
Adj. fortuitous &c.
156; unintentional, unintended; accidental; not
meant; undesigned, purposed; unpremeditated &c. 612;
unforeseen, uncontemplated, never thought of.
random, indiscriminate,
promiscuous; undirected; aimless,
driftless[obs3], designless[obs3], purposeless, causeless;
without purpose.
possible &c. 470.
unforeseeable, unpredictable,
chancy, risky, speculative, dicey.
Adv. randomly, by chance,
fortuitously; unpredictably, unforeseeably;
casually &c. 156; unintentionally &c. adj.; unwittingly.
en passant[Fr], by the
way, incidentally; as it may happen; at random,
at a venture, at haphazard.
Phr. acierta errando[Lat];
dextro tempore[Lat]; “fearful concatenation
of circumstances” [D. Webster]; “fortuitous
combination of circumstances” [Dickens]; le
jeu est le fils d’avarice et le pere du desespoir[Fr];
“the happy combination of fortuitous circumstances”
[Scott]; “the fortuitous or casual concourse
of atoms” [Bentley]; “God does not play
dice with the universe” [A. Einstein].
#622. [Purpose in action.]
Pursuit — N. pursuit; pursuing &c. v.;
prosecution; pursuance; enterprise &c. (undertaking)
676; business &c. 625; adventure &c. (essay) 675;
quest &c. (search) 461; scramble, hue and cry, game;
hobby; still-hunt.
chase, hunt, battue[obs3],
race, steeple chase, hunting, coursing;
venation, venery; fox chase; sport, sporting; shooting,
angling, fishing, hawking; shikar[Geogloc:India].
pursuer; hunter, huntsman;
shikari[Geogloc:India], sportsman, Nimrod;
hound &c. 366.
V. pursue, prosecute,
follow; run after, make after, be after, hunt
after, prowl after; shadow; carry on &c. (do) 680;
engage in &c. (undertake) 676; set about &c. (begin)
66; endeavor &c. 675; court &c. (request) 765 seek
&c. (search) 461; aim at &c. (intention) 620; follow
the trail &c. (trace) 461; fish for &c. (experiment)
463; press on &c. (haste) 684; run a race &c. (velocity)
274.
chase, give chase, course,
dog, hunt, hound; tread on the heels,
follow on the heels of, &c. (sequence) 281.
rush upon; rush headlong
&c. (violence) 173 ride full tilt at, run
full tilt at; make a leap at, jump at, snatch at run
down; start game.
tread a path; take a
course, hold- a course; shape one’s steps, direct
one’s steps, bend one’s steps, course;
play a game; fight one’s way, elbow one’s
way; follow up; take to, take up; go in for; ride one’s
hobby.
Adj. pursuing &c. v.;
in quest of &c. (inquiry) 461 in pursuit, in
full cry, in hot pursuit; on the scent.
Adv. in pursuance of
&c. (intention) 620; after.
Int. tallyho! yoicks!
soho[obs3]!
#623. [Absence of pursuit.]
Avoidance. — N. abstention, abstinence;
for bearance[obs3]; refraining &c. v.; inaction &c.
681; neutrality.
avoidance, evasion,
elusion; seclusion &c. 893.
avolation|, flight;
escape &c. 671; retreat &c. 287; recoil &c. 277;
departure &c. 293; rejection &c. 610.
shirker &c. v.; truant;
fugitive, refugee; runaway, runagate; maroon.
V. abstain, refrain,
spare, not attempt; not do &c. 681; maintain the
even tenor of one’s way.
eschew, keep from, let
alone, have nothing to do with; keep aloof keep
off, stand aloof, stand off, hold aloof, hold off;
take no part in, have no hand in.
avoid, shun; steer clear
of, keep clear of; fight shy of; keep one’s
distance, keep at a respectful distance; keep out
of the way, get out of the way; evade, elude, turn
away from; set one’s face against &c. (oppose)
708; deny oneself.
shrink back; hang back,
hold back, draw back; recoil &c. 277; retire
&c. (recede) 287; flinch, blink, blench, shy, shirk,
dodge, parry, make way for, give place to.
beat a retreat; turn
tail, turn one’s back; take to one’s heels;
runaway, run for one’s life; cut and run; be
off like a shot; fly, flee; fly away, flee away, run
away from; take flight, take to flight; desert, elope;
— p. 194 —
#624. Relinquishment.
— N. relinquishment, abandonment; desertion,
defection, secession, withdrawal; cave of Adullam[obs3];
nolle prosequi[Lat].
discontinuance &c. (cessation)
142; renunciation &c. (recantation)
607; abrogation &c. 756; resignation &c. (retirement)
757; desuetude &c. 614; cession &c. (of property)
782.
V. relinquish, give
up, abandon, desert, forsake, leave in the lurch;
go back on; depart from, secede from, withdraw from;
back out of; leave, quit, take leave of, bid a long
farewell; vacate &c. (resign) 757.
renounce &c (abjure)
607; forego, have done with, drop; disuse &c.
678; discard &c. 782; wash one’s hands of; drop
all idea of.
break off, leave off;
desist; stop &c. (cease) 142; hold one’s hand,
stay one’s hand; quit one’s hold; give
over, shut up shop.
throw up the game, throw
up the cards; give up the point, give up the
argument; pass to the order of the day, move to the
previous question.
Adj. unpursued[obs3];
relinquished &c. v.; relinquishing &c. v.
Int. avast! &c. (stop)
142.
Phr. aufgeschoben ist
nicht aufgehoben[Ger]; entbehre gern was du
nicht hast[Ger].
#625. Business.
— N. business, occupation, employment; pursuit
&c.
622; what one is doing, what one is about; affair,
concern, matter, case.
matter in hand, irons
in the fire; thing to do, agendum, task, work,
job, chore [U.S.], errand, commission, mission, charge,
care; duty &c. 926.
part, role, cue; province,
function, lookout, department, capacity,
sphere, orb, field, line; walk, walk of life; beat,
round, routine; race, career.
office, place, post,
chargeship[obs3], incumbency, living; situation,
berth, employ; service &c. (servitude) 749; engagement;
undertaking &c. 676.
vocation, calling, profession,
— p. 195 —
#626. Plan. —
N. plan, scheme, design, project; proposal,
proposition, suggestion; resolution, motion; precaution
&c. (provision) 673; deep-laid plan &c. (premeditated)
611;
system &c. (order) 58;
organization &c. (arrangement) 60; germ &c.
(cause) 153.
sketch, skeleton, outline,
draught, draft, ebauche[Fr], brouillon[Fr];
rough cast, rough draft, draught copy; copy; proof,
revise.
drawing, scheme, schematic,
graphic, chart, flow chart
(representation) 554.
forecast, program(me),
prospectus; carte du pays[Fr]; card; bill,
protocol; order of the day, list of agenda; bill of
fare &c. (food) 298; base of operations; platform,
plank, slate [U. S.], ticket [U. S.].
role; policy &c. (line
of conduct) 692.
contrivance, invention,
expedient, receipt, nostrum, artifice, device;
pipelaying [U. S.]; stratagem &c. (cunning) 702;
trick &c. (deception) 545; alternative, loophole;
#627. Method. [Path.]
— N. method, way, manner, wise, gait, form,
mode, fashion, tone, guise; modus operandi, MO; procedure
&c. (line of conduct) 692.
path, road, route, course;
line of way, line of road; trajectory,
orbit, track, beat, tack.
steps; stair, staircase;
flight of stairs, ladder, stile;
perron[obs3].
bridge, footbridge,
viaduct, pontoon, steppingstone, plank, gangway;
drawbridge; pass, ford, ferry, tunnel; pipe &c. 260.
door; gateway &c. (opening)
260; channel, passage, avenue, means of
access, approach, adit[obs3]; artery, lane, alley,
aisle, lobby, corridor; back-door, back-stairs; secret
passage; covert way; vennel[obs3].
roadway, pathway, stairway;
express; thoroughfare; highway; turnpike,
freeway, royal road, coach road; broad highway, King’s
highway, Queen’s highway; beaten track, beaten
path; horse road, bridle road, bridle track, bridle
path; walk, trottoir[obs3], footpath, pavement, flags,
sidewalk; crossroad, byroad, bypath, byway; cut; short
cut &c. (mid-course) 628; carrefour[obs3]; private
road, occupation road; highways and byways; railroad,
railway, tram road, tramway; towpath; causeway; canal
&c. (conduit) 350; street &c. (abode) 189; speedway.
adv. how; in what way, in what manner; by what mode;
so, in this way, after this fashion.
one way or another,
anyhow; somehow or other &c. (instrumentality)
631; by way of; via; in transitu &c. 270[Lat]; on
the high road to.
Phr. hae tibi erunt
artes[Lat].
— p. 196 —
#628. Mid-course.
— N. middle course, midcourse; mean &c.
29 middle
&c. 68; juste milieu[Fr], mezzo termine[It], golden
mean, gr/ariston metron/gr[obs3][Grk], aurea
mediocritas[Lat].
straight &c. (direct)
278 straight course, straight path; short cut,
cross cut; great circle sailing.
neutrality; half measure,
half and half measures; compromise.
V. keep in a middle
course, preserve a middle course, preserve an even
course, go straight &c. (direct) 278.
go halfway, compromise,
make a compromise.
Adj. straight &c. (direct)
278.
Phr. medium tenuere
beati[Lat].
#629. Circuit.
— N. circuit, roundabout way, digression,
detour,
circumbendibus, ambages[obs3], loop; winding &c. (circuition)
311[obs3]; zigzag &c. (deviation) 279.
V. perform a circuit;
go round about, go out of one’s way; make a
detour; meander &c. (deviate) 279.
lead a pretty dance;
beat about the bush; make two bites of a cherry.
Adj. circuitous, indirect,
roundabout; zigzag &c. (deviating) 279;
backhanded.
Adv. by a side wind,
by an indirect course; in a roundabout way; from
pillar to post.
#630. Requirement.
— N. requirement, need, wants, necessities;
necessaries, necessaries of life; stress, exigency,
pinch, sine qua non, matter of necessity; case of
need, case of life or death.
needfulness, essentiality,
necessity, indispensability, urgency.
requisition &c. (request)
765, (exaction) 741; run upon; demand, call
for.
charge, claim, command,
injunction, mandate, order, precept.
desideratum &c. (desire)
865; want &c. (deficiency) 640.
V. require, need, want,
have occasion for; not be able to do without,
not be able to dispense with; prerequire[obs3].
render necessary, necessitate,
create a, necessity for, call for, put
in requisition; make a requisition &c. (ask for) 765,
(demand) 741.
stand in need of; lack
&c. 640; desiderate[obs3]; desire &c. 865; be
necessary &c. Adj.
Adj. required &c. v.;
requisite, needful, necessary, imperative,
essential, indispensable, prerequisite; called for;
in demand, in request.
urgent, exigent, pressing,
instant, crying, absorbing.
in want of; destitute
of &c. 640.
Adv. ex necessitate
rei &c. (necessarily) 601[Lat]; of necessity.
Phr. there is no time
to lose; it cannot be spared, it cannot be
dispensed with; mendacem memorem esse oportet [Lat][Quintilian];
necessitas non habet legem[Lat]; nec tecum possum
trivere nec sine te [Lat][Martial].
%
2. Subservience
to Ends
Actual Subservience
%
#631. Instrumentality.
— N. instrumentality; aid &c. 707;
subservience, subserviency; mediation, intervention,
medium, intermedium[obs3], vehicle, hand; agency &c.
170.
minister, handmaid;
midwife, accoucheur[Fr], accoucheuse[Fr],
obstetrician; gobetween; cat’s-paw; stepping-stone.
opener &c. 260; key;
master key, passkey, latchkey; “open sesame”;
passport, passe-partout, safe-conduct, password.
instrument &c. 633;
expedient &c. (plan) 626; means &c. 632.
V. subserve, minister,
mediate, intervene; be instrumental &c. adj.;
pander to; officiate; tend.
Adj. instrumental; useful
&c. 644; ministerial, subservient,
mediatorial[obs3]; intermediate, intervening; conducive.
Adv. through, by, per;
whereby, thereby, hereby; by the agency of &c.
170; by dint of; by virtue of, in virtue of; through
the medium of &c. n.; along with; on the shoulders
of; by means of &c. 632; by the aid of, with the aid
of &c. (assistance) 707.
— p. 197 —
per fas et nefas[Lat], by fair means or foul; somehow, somehow or other; by hook or by crook.
#632. Means. —
N. means, resources, wherewithal, ways and means;
capital &c. (money) 800; revenue; stock in trade &c.
636; provision &c. 637; a shot in the locker; appliances
&c. (machinery) 633; means and appliances; conveniences;
cards to play; expedients &c. (measures) 626; two
strings to one’s bow; sheet anchor &c. (safety)
666; aid &c. 707; medium &c. 631.
V. find means, have
means, possess means &c. n.
Adj. instrumental &c.
631; mechanical &c. 633.
Adv. by means of, with;
by what means, by all means, by any means, by
some means; wherewith, herewith, therewith; wherewithal.
how &c. (in what manner)
627; through &c. (by the instrumentality of)
631; with the aid of, by the aid of &c. (assistance)
707; by the agency of &c. 170
#633. Instrument.
— N. machinery, mechanism, engineering.
instrument, organ, tool,
implement, utensil, machine, engine, lathe,
gin, mill; air engine, caloric engine, heat engine.
gear; tackle, tackling, rig, rigging, apparatus, appliances;
plant, materiel; harness, trappings, fittings, accouterments;
barde[obs3]; equipment, equipmentage[obs3]; appointments,
furniture, upholstery; chattels; paraphernalia &c.
(belongings) 780.
mechanical powers; lever,
leverage; mechanical advantage; crow,
crowbar; handspike[obs3], gavelock[obs3], jemmy[obs3],
jimmy, arm, limb, wing; oar, paddle; pulley; wheel
and axle; wheelwork, clockwork; wheels within wheels;
pinion, crank, winch; cam; pedal; capstan &c. (lift)
307; wheel &c. (rotation) 312; inclined plane; wedge;
screw; spring, mainspring; can hook, glut, heald[obs3],
heddle[obs3], jenny, parbuckle[obs3], sprag[obs3],
water wheel.
handle, hilt, haft,
shaft, heft, shank, blade, trigger, tiller, helm,
treadle, key; turnscrew, screwdriver; knocker.
#634. Substitute. — N. substitute &c. 147; deputy &c. 759; badli[obs3].
#635. Materials.
— N. material, raw material, stuff, stock,
staple;
adobe, brown stone; chinking; clapboard; daubing;
puncheon; shake; shingle, bricks and mortar; metal;
stone; clay, brick crockery &c. 384; compo, composition;
concrete; reinforced concrete, cement; wood, ore, timber.
materials; supplies,
munition, fuel, grist, household stuff pabulum
&c. (food) 298; ammunition &c. (arms) 727; contingents;
relay, reinforcement, reenforcement[obs3]; baggage
&c. (personal property) 780; means &c. 632; calico,
cambric, cashmere.
Adj. raw &c. (unprepared)
674; wooden &c. n.; adobe.
#636. Store. —
N. stock, fund, mine, vein, lode, quarry; spring;
fount, fountain; well, wellspring; milch cow.
stock in trade, supply;
heap &c. (collection) 72; treasure; reserve,
corps de reserve, reserved fund, nest egg, savings,
bonne bouche[Fr].
crop, harvest, mow,
vintage.
store, accumulation,
hoard, rick, stack; lumber; relay &c. (provision)
637.
storehouse, storeroom,
storecloset[obs3]; depository, depot, cache,
repository, reservatory[obs3], repertory; repertorium[obs3];
promptuary[obs3], warehouse, entrepot[Fr], magazine;
buttery, larder, spence[obs3]; garner, granary; cannery,
safe-deposit vault, stillroom[obs3]; thesaurus; bank
&c. (treasury) 802; armory; arsenal; dock; gallery,
museum, conservatory; menagery[obs3], menagerie.
— p. 198 —
reservoir, cistern,
aljibar[obs3], tank, pond, mill pond;
gasometer[obs3].
budget, quiver, bandolier,
portfolio; coffer &c. (receptacle) 191.
conservation; storing
&c. v.; storage.
V. store; put by, lay
by, set by; stow away; set apart, lay apart;
store treasure, hoard treasure, lay up, heap up, put
up, garner up, save up; bank; cache; accumulate, amass,
hoard, fund, garner, save.
reserve; keep back,
hold back; husband, husband one’s resources.
deposit; stow, stack,
load; harvest; heap, collect &c. 72; lay in
store &c.
Adj.; keep, file [papers];
lay in &c. (provide) 637; preserve &c. 670.
Adj. stored &c. v.;
in store, in reserve, in ordinary; spare,
supernumerary.
Phr. adde parvum parvo
magnus acervus erit[Lat].
#637. Provision.
— N. provision, supply; grist, grist for
the mill;
subvention &c. (aid) 707; resources &c. (means) 632;
groceries, grocery.
providing &c. v.; purveyance;
reinforcement, reenforcement[obs3];
commissariat.
provender &c. (food)
298; ensilage; viaticum.
caterer, purveyor, commissary,
quartermaster, manciple[obs3], feeder,
batman, victualer, grocer, comprador[Sp], restaurateur;
jackal, pelican; sutler &c. (merchant) 797[obs3].
grocery shop [U.
S.], grocery store.
V. provide; make provision,
make due provision for; lay in, lay in a
stock, lay in a store.
supply, suppeditate|;
furnish; find, find one in; arm.
cater, victual, provision,
purvey, forage; beat up for; stock, stock
with; make good, replenish; fill, fill up; recruit,
feed.
have in store, have
in reserve; keep, keep by one, keep on foot, keep
on hand; have to fall back upon; store &c. 636; provide
against a rainy day &c. (economy) 817.
#638. Waste. —
N. consumption, expenditure, exhaustion; dispersion
&c. 73; ebb; leakage &c. (exudation) 295; loss &c.
776; wear and tear; waste; prodigality &c. 818; misuse
&c. 679; wasting &c. v.; rubbish &c. (useless) 645.
mountain in labor.
V. spend, expend, use,
consume, swallow up, exhaust; impoverish;
spill, drain, empty; disperse &c. 73.
cast away, fool away,
muddle away, throw away, fling away, fritter
away; burn the candle at both ends, waste; squander
&c. 818.
“waste its sweetness
on the desert air” [Gray]; cast one’s bread
upon the waters, cast pearls before swine; employ
a steam engine to crack a nut, waste powder and shot,
break a butterfly on a wheel; labor in vain &c. (useless)
645; cut blocks with a razor, pour water into a sieve.
leak &c. (run out) 295;
run to waste; ebb; melt away, run dry, dry up.
Adj. wasted &c. v.;
at a low ebb.
wasteful &c. (prodigal)
818; penny wise and pound foolish.
Phr. magno conatu magnas
nugas[Lat]; le jeu ne vaut pas la
chandelle[Fr]; “idly busy rolls their world
away” [Goldsmith].
#639. Sufficiency.
— N. sufficiency, adequacy, enough, withal,
satisfaction, competence; no less; quantum sufficit[Lat],
Q.S..
mediocrity &c. (average)
29.
fill; fullness &c. (completeness)
52; plenitude, plenty; abundance;
copiousness &c. Adj.; amplitude, galore, lots,
profusion; full measure; “good measure pressed
down and running, over.” luxuriance &c. (fertility)
168; affluence &c. (wealth) 803; fat of the land; “a
land flowing with milk and honey”; cornucopia;
horn of plenty, horn of Amalthaea; mine &c. (stock)
636.
outpouring; flood &c.
(great quantity) 31; tide &c. (river) 348;
repletion &c. (redundancy) 641; satiety &c. 869.
V. be sufficient &c.
Adj.; suffice, do, just do, satisfy, pass muster;
have enough &c. n.; eat. one’s fill, drink one’s
#640. Insufficiency.
— N. insufficiency; inadequacy, inadequateness;
incompetence &c. (impotence) 158; deficiency &c. (incompleteness)
53; imperfection &c. 651; shortcoming &c. 304; paucity;
stint; scantiness &c. (smallness) 32; none to spare,
bare subsistence.
scarcity, dearth; want,
need, lack, poverty, exigency; inanition,
starvation, famine, drought.
dole, mite, pittance;
short allowance, short commons; half rations;
banyan day.
emptiness, poorness
&c. Adj.; depletion, vacancy, flaccidity; ebb
tide; low water; “a beggarly account of empty
boxes” [Romeo and Jul.]; indigence &c. 804;
insolvency &c. (nonpayment) 808.
V. be insufficient &c.
Adj.; not suffice &c. 639; come short of &c.
304 run dry.
want, lack, need, require;
caret; be in want &c. (poor) 804, live from
hand to mouth.
render insufficient
&c. Adj.; drain of resources, impoverish &c.
(waste) 638; stint &c. (begrudge) 819; put on short
allowance.
do insufficiently &c.
adv.; scotch the snake.
Adj. insufficient, inadequate;
too little &c. 32; not enough &c. 639;
unequal to; incompetent &c. (impotent) 158; “weighed
in the balance and found wanting”; perfunctory
&c. (neglect) 460; deficient &c. (incomplete) 53;
wanting, &c. v.; imperfect &c. 651; ill-furnished,
ill-provided, ill-stored, ill-off.
slack, at a low ebb;
empty, vacant, bare; short of, out of, destitute
of, devoid of, bereft of &c. 789; denuded of; dry,
drained.
unprovided, unsupplied[obs3],
unfurnished; unreplenished, unfed[obs3];
unstored[obs3], untreasured[obs3]; empty-handed.
meager, poor, thin,
scrimp, sparing, spare, stinted; starved,
starving; halfstarved, famine-stricken, famished;
jejune.
— p. 199 —
#641. Redundancy.
— N. redundancy, redundance[obs3]; too much,
too
many; superabundance, superfluity, superfluence|,
saturation; nimiety[obs3], transcendency, exuberance,
profuseness; profusion &c. (plenty) 639; repletion,
enough in all conscience, satis superque[Lat], lion’s
share; more than enough &c. 639; plethora, engorgement,
congestion, load, surfeit, sickener[obs3]; turgescence
&c. (expansion) 194[obs3]; overdose, overmeasure[obs3],
oversupply, overflow; inundation &c. (water) 348;
avalanche.
accumulation &c. (store)
636; heap &c. 72; drug, drug in the market;
glut; crowd; burden.
excess; surplus, overplus[obs3];
epact[obs3]; margin; remainder &c.
40; duplicate; surplusage[obs3], expletive; work of
supererogation; bonus, bonanza.
luxury; intemperance
&c. 954; extravagance &c. (prodigality) 818;
exorbitance, lavishment[obs3].
pleonasm &c. (diffuseness)
573; too many irons in the fire; embarras
de richesses[Fr].
V. superabound, overabound[obs3];
know no bounds, swarm; meet one at
every turn; creep with, crawl with, bristle with;
overflow; run over, flow over, well over, brim over;
run riot; overrun, overstock, overlay, overcharge,
overdose, overfeed, overburden, overload, overdo, overwhelm,
overshoot the mark &c. (go beyond) 303; surcharge,
supersaturate, gorge, glut, load, drench, whelm, inundate,
deluge, flood; drug, drug the market; hepatize[obs3].
— p. 200 —
choke, cloy, accloy[obs3],
suffocate; pile up, lay on thick;
impregnate with; lavish &c. (squander) 818.
send coals to Newcastle,
carry coals to Newcastle, carry owls to
Athens[obs3]; teach one’s grandmother to suck
eggs; pisces natare docere[Lat]; kill the slain, “gild
refined gold”, “gild the lily”, butter
one’s bread on both sides, put butter upon bacon;
employ a steam engine to crack a nut &c. (waste) 638.
exaggerate &c. 549;
wallow in roll in &c. (plenty) 639 remain on one’s
hands, hang heavy on hand, go a begging.
Adj. redundant; too
much, too many; exuberant, inordinate,
superabundant, excessive, overmuch, replete, profuse,
lavish; prodigal &c. 818; exorbitant; overweening;
extravagant; overcharged &c. v.; supersaturated, drenched,
overflowing; running over, running to waste, running
down.
crammed to overflowing,
filled to overflowing; gorged, ready to burst;
dropsical, turgid, plethoric; obese &c. 194.
superfluous, unnecessary,
needless, supervacaneous|, uncalled for, to
spare, in excess; over and above &c. (remainder) 40;
#642. Importance.
— N. importance, consequence, moment, prominence,
consideration, mark, materialness.
import, significance,
concern; emphasis, interest.
greatness &c. 31; superiority
&c. 33; notability &c. (repute) 873;
weight &c. (influence) 175; value &c. (goodness) 648;
usefulness &c. 644.
gravity, seriousness,
solemnity; no joke, no laughing matter;
pressure, urgency, stress; matter of life and death.
memorabilia, notabilia[obs3],
great doings; red-letter day.
great thing, great point;
main chance, “the be all and the end all”
[Macbeth]; cardinal point; substance, gist &c. (essence)
5; sum and substance, gravamen, head and front; important
part, principal part, prominent part, essential part;
half the battle; sine qua non; breath of one’s
nostrils &c. (life) 359;cream, salt, core, kernel,
heart, nucleus; keynote, keystone; corner stone; trump
card &c. (device) 626; salient points.
top sawyer, first fiddle,
prima donna[Sp], chief; triton among the
minnows; “it” [U.S.].
V. be important &c.
adj., be somebody, be something; import, signify,
matter, boot, be an object; carry weight &c. (influence)
175; make a figure &c. (repute) 873; be in the ascendant,
come to the front, lead the way, take the lead, play
first fiddle, throw all else into the shade; lie at
the root of; deserve notice, merit notice, be worthy
of notice, be worthy of regard, be worthy of consideration.
attach importance to,
ascribe importance to, give importance to &c.
n.; value, care for, set store upon, set store by;
mark &c. 550; mark with a white stone, underline;
write in italics, put in italics, print in italics,
print in capitals, print in large letters, put in large
type, put in letters. of gold; accentuate, emphasize,
lay stress on.
make a fuss about, make
a fuss over, make a stir about, make a piece
of work about[Fr], make much ado about; make much
ado of, make much of.
Adj. important; of importance
&c. n.; momentous, material; to the
point; not to be overlooked, not to be despised, not
to be sneezed at; egregious; weighty &c. (influential)
175; of note &c. (repute) 873; notable, prominent,
salient, signal; memorable, remarkable; unforgettable;
worthy of remark, worthy of notice; never to be forgotten;
stirring, eventful.
grave, serious, earnest,
noble, grand, solemn, impressive, commanding,
imposing.
urgent, pressing, critical,
#643. Unimportance.
— N. unimportance, insignificance, nothingness,
immateriality.
triviality, levity,
frivolity; paltriness &c. Adj.; poverty; smallness
&c. 32; vanity &c. (uselessness) 645; matter of indifference
&c. 866; no object.
nothing, nothing to
signify,, nothing worth speaking of, nothing
particular, nothing to boast of, nothing to speak
of; small matter, no great matter, trifling matter
&c. Adj.; mere joke, mere nothing; hardly anything;
scarcely anything; nonentity, small beer, cipher; no
great shakes, peu de chose[Fr]; child’s play,
kinderspiel.
toy, plaything, popgun,
paper pellet, gimcrack, gewgaw, bauble,
trinket, bagatelle, Rickshaw, knickknack, whim-wham,
trifle, “trifles light as air”; yankee
notions [U. S.].
trumpery, trash, rubbish,
stuff, fatras[obs3], frippery; “leather or
prunello”; chaff, drug, froth bubble smoke,
cobweb; weed; refuse &c. (inutility) 645; scum &c.
(dirt) 653.
joke, jest, snap of
the fingers; fudge &c. (unmeaning) 517;
fiddlestick[obs3], fiddlestick end[obs3]; pack of
nonsense, mere farce.
straw, pin, fig, button,
rush; bulrush, feather, halfpenny, farthing,
brass farthing, doit[obs3], peppercorn, jot, rap,
pinch of snuff, old son; cent, mill, picayune, pistareen[obs3],
red cent [U.S.].
— p. 201 —
minutiae, details, minor
details, small fry; dust in the balance,
feather in the scale, drop in the ocean, flea-bite,
molehill.
nine days’ wonder,
ridiculus mus[Lat]; flash in the pan &c.
(impotence) 158; much ado about nothing &c. (overestimation)
482.
V. be unimportant &c.
Adj.; not matter &c. 642; go for nothing, matter
nothing, signify nothing, matter little, matter little
or nothing; not matter a straw &c. n.
make light of &c. (underestimate)
483; catch at straws &c.
(overestimate) 482.
Adj. unimportant; of
little account, of small account, of no account,
of little importance, of no importance &c. 642; immaterial;
unessential, nonessential; indifferent.
subordinate &c. (inferior)
34; mediocre &c. (average) 29; passable,
fair, respectable, tolerable, commonplace; uneventful,
mere, common; ordinary &c. (habitual) 613; inconsiderable,
so-so, insignificant, inappreciable.
trifling, trivial; slight,
slender, light, flimsy, frothy, idle;
Adv. slightly &c. adj.;
rather, somewhat, pretty well, tolerably. for
aught one cares.
Int. no matter! pish!
tush! tut! pshaw! pugh! pooh, pooh-pooh! fudge!
bosh! humbug! fiddlestick[obs3], fiddlestick end[obs3]!
fiddlededee! never mind! n’importe[Fr]! what
signifies it, what boots it, what of it, what of
that, what matter, what’s the odds, a fig for’
stuff and nonsense, stuff! nonsense!
Phr. magno conatu magnas
nugas[Lat]; le jeu ne vaut pas la
chandelle[Fr]; it matters not, it does not signify;
it is of no consequence, it is of no importance; elephantus
non capit murem[Lat]; tempete dans un verre d’eau[Fr].
— p. 202 —
#644. Utility.
— N. utility; usefulness &c. adj.; efficacy,
efficiency, adequacy; service, use, stead, avail;
help &c. (aid) 707; applicability &c. adj.; subservience
&c. (instrumentality) 631; function &c. (business)
625; value; worth &c. (goodness) 648; money’s
worth; productiveness &c. 168; cui bono &c. (intention)
620[Lat]; utilization &c. (use) 677 step in the right
direction.
common weal; commonwealth
public good, public interest; utilitarianism
&c. (philanthropy) 910.
V. be useful &c. adj.;
avail, serve; subserve &c. (be instrumental to)
631; conduce &c. (tend) 176; answer, serve one’s
turn, answer a purpose, serve a purpose.
act a part &c. (action)
680; perform a function, discharge a function
&c.; render a service, render good service, render
yeoman’s service; bestead[obs3], stand one in
good stead be the making of; help &c. 707.
bear fruit &c. (produce)
161; bring grist to the mill; profit,
remunerate; benefit &c. (do good) 648.
find one’s account
in, find one’s advantage in; reap the benefit
of
&c. (be better for) 658. render useful &c. (use) 677.
Adj. useful; of use
&c. n.; serviceable, proficuous|, good for;
subservient &c. (instrumental) 631.; conducive &c.
(tending) 176; subsidiary &c. (helping) 707.
advantageous &c. (beneficial)
648; profitable, gainful, remunerative,
— p. 203 —
#645. Inutility.
— N. inutility; uselessness &c. adj.;
inefficacy[obs3], futility; ineptitude, inaptitude;
unsubservience[obs3]; inadequacy &c. (insufficiency)
640; inefficiency.&c. (incompetence) 158; unskillfulness
&c. 699; disservice; unfruitfulness &c.(unproductiveness).
169; labor in vain, labor lost, labor of Sisyphus;
lost trouble, lost labor; work of Penelope; sleeveless
errand, wild goose chase, mere farce.
tautology &c. (repetition)
104; supererogation &c. (redundancy) 641.
vanitas vanitatum[Lat],
vanity, inanity, worthlessness,
nugacity[obs3]; triviality &c. (unimportance) 643.
caput mortuum[Lat][obs3],
waste paper, dead letter; blunt tool.
litter, rubbish, junk,
lumber, odds and ends, cast-off clothes; button
top; shoddy; rags, orts[obs3], trash, refuse, sweepings,
scourings, offscourings[obs3], waste, rubble, debris,
detritus; stubble, leavings; broken meat; dregs &c.
(dirt) 653; weeds, tares; rubbish heap, dust hole;
rudera[obs3], deads[obs3].
fruges consumere natus
&c. (drone) 683[Lat][Horace].
V. be useless &c.
Adj.; go a begging &c. (redundant) 641; fail &c.
732.
seek after impossibilities,
strive after impossibilities; use vain
efforts, labor in vain, roll the stone of Sisyphus,
beat the air, lash the waves, battre l’eau avec
un baton[Fr], donner un coup d’epee dans l’eau[Fr],
fish in the air, milk the ram, drop a bucket into an
empty well, sow the sand; bay the moon; preach to
the winds, speak to the winds; whistle jigs to a milestone;
kick against the pricks, se battre contre des moulins[Fr];
lock the stable door when the steed is stolen, lock
the barn door after the horse is stolen &c. (too late)
135; hold a farthing candle to the sun; cast pearls
before swine &c. (waste) 638; carry coals to Newcastle
&c. (redundancy) 641; wash a blackamoor white &c. (impossible)
471.
render useless &c. adj.;
dismantle, dismast, dismount, disqualify,
disable; unrig; cripple, lame &c. (injure) 659; spike
guns, clip the wings; put out of gear.
Adj. useless, inutile,
inefficacious, futile, unavailing, bootless;
inoperative &c. 158; inadequate &c. (insufficient)
640; inservient|, unsubservient; inept, inefficient
&c. (impotent) 158; of no avail &c. (use) 644; ineffectual
&c. (failure) 732; incompetent &c. (unskillful) 699;
“stale, flat and unprofitable”; superfluous
&c. (redundant) 641; dispensable; thrown away &c.
(wasted) 638; abortive &c. (immature) 674.
worthless, valueless,
priceless; unsalable; not worth a straw &c.
(trifling) 643 dear at any price.
vain, empty, inane;
#646. [Specific subservience.]
Expedience. — N. expedience,
expediency; desirableness, desirability &c. adj.;
fitness &c. (agreement) 23; utility &c. 644; propriety;
opportunism; advantage.
high time &c. (occasion)
134.
V. be expedient &c.
Adj.; suit &c. (agree) 23; befit; suit the time,
befit the time, suit the season, befit the season,
suit the occasion, befit the occasion. conform
&c. 82.
Adj. expedient; desirable,
advisable, acceptable; convenient; worth
while, meet; fit, fitting; due, proper, eligible,
seemly, becoming; befitting &c. v.; opportune &c.
(in season) 134; in loco; suitable &c. (accordant)
23; applicable &c. (useful) 644.
Adv. in the right place;
conveniently &c. adj.
Phr. operae pretium
est[Lat].
#647. Inexpedience.
— N. inexpedience, inexpediency; undesirableness,
undesirability &c. Adj.; discommodity[obs3],
impropriety; unfitness &c. (disagreement) 24; inutility
&c. 645; disadvantage.
V. be inexpedient &c.
Adj.; come amiss &c. (disagree) 24; embarrass
&c. (hinder) 706; put to inconvenience; pay too dear
for one’s whistle.
Adj. inexpedient, undesirable;
unadvisable, inadvisable;
objectionable; inapt, ineligible, inadmissible, inconvenient;
incommodious, discommodious[obs3]; disadvantageous;
inappropriate, unfit &c. (inconsonant) 24.
ill-contrived, ill-advised;
unsatisfactory; unprofitable &c.,
unsubservient &c. (useless) 645; inopportune &c. (unseasonable)
135; out of place, in the wrong place; improper, unseemly.
clumsy, awkward; cumbrous,
cumbersome; lumbering, unwieldy,
hulky[obs3]; unmanageable &c. (impracticable) 704;
impedient &c. (in the way) 706[obs3].
unnecessary &c. (redundant)
641.
Phr. it will never do.
#648. [Capability of
producing good. Good qualities.] Goodness. —
N.
goodness &c. adj.; excellence, merit; virtue &c. 944;
value, worth, price.
super-excellence, supereminence;
superiority &c. 33; perfection &c.
650; coup de maitre[Fr]; masterpiece, chef d’ouvre[Fr],
prime, flower, cream, elite, pick, A1, nonesuch, nonpareil,
creme de la creme, flower of the flock, cock of the
roost, salt of the earth; champion; prodigy.
tidbit; gem, gem of
the first water; bijou, precious stone, jewel,
— p. 204 —
#649. [Capability of
producing evil. Bad qualities.] Badness. —
N.
hurtfulness &c. Adj[obs3].; virulence.
evil doer &c. 913; bane
&c. 663; plague spot &c. (insalubrity) 657;
evil star, ill wind; hoodoo; Jonah; snake in the grass,
skeleton in the closet; amari aliquid[Lat][obs3],
thorn in the side.
malignity; malevolence
&c. 907; tender mercies [ironically].
ill-treatment, annoyance,
molestation, abuse, oppression, persecution,
outrage; misusage &c. 679; injury &c. (damage) 659;
knockout drops [U. S.].
badness &c. adj.; peccancy[obs3],
abomination; painfulness &c. 830;
pestilence &c. (disease) 655; guilt &c. 947; depravity
&c. 945.
V. be hurtful &c. adj.;
cause evil, produce evil, inflict evil, work
evil, do evil &c. 619; damnify[obs3], endamage[obs3],
Adv. badly &c.
Adj.; wrong, ill; to one’s cost; where the shoe
pinches.
Phr. bad is the best;
the worst come to the worst; herba mala presto
cresco [Lat]; “wrongs unredressed or insults
unavenged” [Wordsworth].
#650. Perfection.
— N. perfection; perfectness &c. adj.;
indefectibility[obs3]; impeccancy[obs3], impeccability.
pink, beau ideal, phenix,
paragon; pink of perfection, acme of
perfection; ne plus ultra[Lat]; summit &c. 210.
cygne noir[Fr]; philosopher’s
stone; chrysolite, Koh-i-noor.
model, standard, pattern,
mirror, admirable Crichton; trump, very
prince of.
masterpiece, superexcellence
&c. (goodness) 648[obs3]; transcendence
&c. (superiority) 33.
V. be perfect &c. adj.;
transcend &c. (be supreme) 33.
bring to perfection,
perfect, ripen, mature; complete &,,c. 729; put
in trim &c. (prepare) 673; maturate.
Adj. perfect, faultless;
indefective[obs3], indeficient[obs3],
indefectible; immaculate, spotless, impeccable; free
— p. 205 —
#651. Imperfection.
— N. imperfection; imperfectness &c.
Adj.;
deficiency; inadequacy &c. (insufficiency) 640; peccancy
&c. (badness) 649[obs3]; immaturity &c. 674.
fault, defect, weak
point; screw loose; flaw &c. (break) 70; gap &c.
198; twist &c. 243; taint, attainder; bar sinister,
hole in one’s coat; blemish &c. 848; weakness
&c. 160; half blood; shortcoming &c. 304; drawback;
seamy side.
mediocrity; no great
shakes, no great catch; not much to boast of;
one-horse shay.
V. be imperfect &c.
adj.; have a defect &c. n.; lie under a
disadvantage; spring a leak.
not pass muster, barely
pass muster; fall short &c. 304.
Adj. imperfect; not
perfect &c. 650; deficient, defective; faulty,
unsound, tainted; out of order, out of tune; cracked,
leaky; sprung; warped &c. (distort) 243; lame; injured
&c. (deteriorated) 659; peccant &c. (bad) 649; frail
&c. (weak) 160; inadequate &c. (insufficient) 640;
crude &c. (unprepared) 674; incomplete &c. 53; found
wanting; below par; short-handed; below its full
strength, under its full strength, below its full
complement.
indifferent, middling,
ordinary, mediocre; average &c. 29; so-so;
coucicouci, milk and water; tolerable, fair, passable;
pretty well, pretty good; rather good, moderately
good; good; good enough, well enough, adequate; decent;
not bad, not amiss; inobjectionable[obs3], unobjectionable,
admissible, bearable, only better than nothing.
secondary, inferior;
second-rate, second-best; one-horse [U.S.].
Adv. almost &c.; to
a limited extent, rather &c. 32; pretty,
moderately, passing; only, considering, all things
considered, enough.
Phr. surgit amari aliquid[Lat].
#652. Cleanness.
— N. cleanness, cleanliness &c. adj.; purity;
cleaning &c. v.; purification, defecation &c. v.;
purgation, lustration[obs3]; detersion[obs3], abstersion[obs3];
epuration[obs3], mundation|; ablution, lavation[obs3],
colature|; disinfection &c. v.; drainage, sewerage.
lavatory, laundry, washhouse[obs3];
washerwoman, laundress,
dhobi[obs3], laundryman, washerman[obs3]; scavenger,
dustman[obs3], sweep; white wings
brush[Local U. S.];
— p. 206 —
#653. Uncleanness.
— N. uncleanness &c. Adj.; impurity;
immundity[obs3], immundicity[obs3]; impurity &c.
961[of mind].
defilement, contamination
&c. v.; defoedation|; soilure[obs3],
soiliness|; abomination; leaven; taint, tainture|;
fetor &c. 401[obs3]. decay; putrescence, putrefaction;
corruption; mold, must, mildew, dry rot, mucor, rubigo|.
slovenry[obs3]; slovenliness
&c. Adj. squalor.
dowdy, drab, slut, malkin[obs3],
slattern, sloven, slammerkin|,
slammock[obs3], slummock[obs3], scrub, draggle-tail,
mudlark[obs3], dust-man, sweep; beast.
dirt, filth, soil, slop;
dust, cobweb, flue; smoke, soot, smudge,
smut, grit, grime, raff[obs3]; sossle[obs3], sozzle[obs3].
sordes[obs3], dregs,
grounds, lees; argol[obs3]; sediment, settlement
heeltap[obs3]; dross, drossiness[obs3]; mother|, precipitate,
scoriae, ashes, cinders. recrement[obs3], slag; scum,
froth.
hogwash; ditchwater[obs3],
dishwater, bilgewater[obs3]; rinsings,
cheeseparings; sweepings &c. (useless refuse) 645;
offscourings[obs3], outscourings[obs3]; off scum;
caput mortuum[Lat][obs3], residuum, sprue, fecula[Lat],
clinker, draff[obs3]; scurf, scurfiness[obs3]; exuviae[Lat],
morphea; fur, furfur[obs3]; dandruff, tartar.
riffraff; vermin, louse,
flea, bug, chinch[obs3].
mud, mire, quagmire,
alluvium, silt, sludge, slime, slush, slosh,
— p. 207 —
#654. Health. —
N. health, sanity; soundness &c. adj.; vigor; good
health, perfect health, excellent health, rude health,
robust health; bloom. mens sana in corpore sano[Lat];
Hygeia[obs3]; incorruption, incorruptibility; good
state of health, clean bill of health; eupepsia[obs3];
euphoria, euphory[obs3]; St. Anthony’s fire[obs3].
V. be in health &c.
adj. bloom, flourish.
keep body and soul together,
keep on one’s legs; enjoy good health,
enjoy a good state of health; have a clean bill of
health.
return to health; recover
&c. 660; get better &c. (improve) 658; take
a new lease of life, fresh lease of life; recruit;
restore to health; cure &c. (restore) 660; tinker.
Adj. healthy, healthful;
in health &c. n.; well, sound, hearty, hale,
fresh, green, whole; florid, flush, hardy, stanch,
staunch, brave, robust, vigorous, weatherproof.
unscathed, uninjured,
unmaimed[obs3], unmarred, untainted; sound of
wind and limb, safe and sound.
on one’s legs;
sound as a roach, sound as a bell; fresh as a daisy,
fresh as a rose, fresh as April[obs3]; hearty as a
buck; in fine feather, in high feather; in good case,
in full bloom; pretty bobbish[obs3], tolerably well,
as well as can be expected.
sanitary &c. (health-giving)
656; sanatory &c. (remedial) 662[obs3].
Phr. “health that
snuffs the morning air” [Grainger]; non est vivere
sed valere vita [Lat][Martial].
#655. Disease.
— N. disease; illness, sickness &c. adj.;
ailing &c.
“all the ills that flesh is heir to” [Hamlet];
morbidity, morbosity|; infirmity, ailment, indisposition;
complaint, disorder, malady; distemper, distemperature[obs3].
visitation, attack,
seizure, stroke, fit.
delicacy, loss of health,
invalidation, cachexy[obs3]; cachexia[Med],
atrophy, marasmus[obs3]; indigestion, dyspepsia; decay
&c. (deterioration) 659; decline, consumption, palsy,
paralysis, prostration.
taint, pollution, infection,
sepsis, septicity[obs3], infestation;
epidemic, pandemic, endemic, epizootic; murrain, plague,
pestilence, pox.
sore, ulcer, abscess,
fester, boil; pimple, wen &c. (swelling) 250;
carbuncle, gathering, imposthume[obs3], peccant humor,
issue; rot, canker, cold sore, fever sore; cancer,
carcinoma, leukemia, neoplastic disease, malignancy,
tumor; caries, mortification, corruption, gangrene,
sphacelus[obs3], sphacelation[obs3], leprosy; eruption,
rash, breaking out.
fever, temperature,
calenture[obs3]; inflammation.
ague, angina pectoris[Lat],
appendicitis; Asiatic cholera[obs3],
spasmodic cholera; biliary calculus, kidney stone,
black death, bubonic plague, pneumonic plague; blennorrhagia[obs3],
blennorrhoea[obs3]; blood poisoning, bloodstroke[obs3],
bloody flux, brash; breakbone fever[obs3], dengue
fever, malarial fever, Q-fever; heart attack, cardiac
arrest, cardiomyopathy[Med]; hardening of the arteries,
— p. 208 —
#656. Salubrity.
— N. salubrity; healthiness &c. Adj.
fine air, fine climate; eudiometer[obs3].
[Preservation of health]
hygiene; valetudinarian, valetudinarianism;
sanitarian; sanitarium, sanitorium.
V. be salubrious &c.
Adj.; agree with; assimilate &c. 23.
Adj. salubrious, salutary,
salutiferous[obs3]; wholesome; healthy,
healthful; sanitary, prophYlactic, benign, bracing,
tonic, invigorating, good for, nutritious; hygeian[obs3],
hygienic.
innoxious[obs3], innocuous,
innocent; harmless, uninjurious,
uninfectious.
sanative &c. (remedial)
662; restorative &c. (reinstate) 660; useful
&c. 644.
#657. Insalubrity.
— N. insalubrity; unhealthiness &c.
Adj.;
nonnaturals[obs3]; plague spot; malaria &c. (poison)
663; death in the pot, contagion; toxicity.
Adj. insalubrious; unhealthy,
unwholesome; noxious, noisome;
morbific[obs3], morbiferous[obs3]; mephitic, septic,
azotic[obs3], deleterious; pestilent, pestiferous,
pestilential; virulent, venomous, envenomed; poisonous,
toxic, toxiferous[obs3], teratogenic; narcotic.
contagious, infectious,
catching, taking, epidemic, zymotic[obs3];
epizootic.
innutritious[obs3],
indigestible, ungenial; uncongenial &c.
(disagreeing) 24.
deadly &c. (killing)
361.
#658. Improvement.
— N. improvement; amelioration, melioration;
betterment; mend, amendment, emendation; mending &c.
v.; advancement; advance &c. (progress) 282; ascent
&c. 305; promotion, preferment; elevation &c. 307;
increase &c. 35; cultivation, civilization; culture,
march of intellect; menticulture[obs3]; race-culture,
eugenics.
reform, reformation;
revision, radical reform; second thoughts,
correction, limoe labor[Lat], refinement, elaboration;
purification &c. 652; oxidation; repair &c. (restoration)
660; recovery &c. 660.
revise, new edition.
reformer, radical.
V. improve; be better,
become better, get better; mend, amend.
advance &c. (progress)
282; ascend &c. 305; increase &c. 35; fructify,
ripen, mature; pick up, come about, rally, take a
favorable turn; turn over a new leaf, turn the corner;
raise one’s head, sow one’s wild oats;
recover &c. 660.
be better &c. adj.,
be improved by; turn to right account, turn to
good account, turn to best account; profit by, reap
the benefit of; make good use of, make capital out
of; place to good account.
render better, improve,
mend, amend, better; ameliorate, meliorate;
correct; decrassify[obs3].
improve upon, refine
upon; rectify; enrich, mellow, elaborate, fatten.
promote, cultivate,
advance, forward, enhance; bring forward, bring
on; foster &c. 707; invigorate &c. (strengthen) 159.
touch up, rub up, brush
up, furbish up, bolster up, vamp up, brighten
up, warm up; polish, cook, make the most of, set off
— p. 209 —
#659. Deterioration.
— N. deterioration, debasement; wane, ebb;
recession &c. 287; retrogradation &c. 283[obs3]; decrease
&c. 36.
degeneracy, degeneration,
degenerateness; degradation; depravation,
depravement; devolution; depravity &c. 945; demoralization,
retrogression; masochism.
impairment, inquination|,
injury, damage, loss, detriment,
delaceration|, outrage, havoc, inroad, ravage, scath[obs3];
perversion, prostitution, vitiation, discoloration,
oxidation, pollution, defoedation|, poisoning, venenation|,
leaven, contamination, canker, corruption, adulteration,
alloy.
decline, declension,
declination; decadence, decadency[obs3]; falling
off &c. v.; caducity[obs3], decrepitude.
decay, dilapidation,
ravages of time, wear and tear; corrosion,
erosion; moldiness, rottenness; moth and rust, dry
rot, blight, marasmus[obs3], atrophy, collapse; disorganization;
delabrement &c. (destruction)[Fr]. 162; aphid, Aphis,
plant louse, puceron[obs3]; vinefretter[obs3], vinegrub[obs3].
wreck, mere wreck, honeycomb,
magni nominis umbra[Lat]; jade, plug,
rackabones [obs3][U. S.], skate [U. S.];
tackey[obs3], tacky [U. S.].
V. be worse, be deteriorated,
become worse, become deteriorated &c.
Adj.; have seen better days, deteriorate, degenerate,
fall off; wane &c. (decrease) 36; ebb; retrograde
&c. 283- decline, droop; go down &c. (sink) 306; go
downhill, go from bad to worse, go farther and fare
worse; jump out of the frying pan into the fire.
run to seed, go to seed,
run to waste swale|, sweal|; lapse, be the
worse for; sphacelate; break[obs3], break down; spring
a leak, crack, start; shrivel &c. (contract) 195;
fade, go off, wither, molder, rot, rankle, decay,
go bad; go to decay, fall into decay; “fall into
the sear and yellow leaf”, rust, crumble, shake;
totter, totter to its fall; perish &c. 162; die &c.
360.
[Render less good] deteriorate;
weaken &c. 160; put back, set back;
taint, infect, contaminate, poison, empoison[obs3],
— p. 210 —
#660. Restoration.
— N. restoration, restoral; reinstatement,
replacement, rehabilitation, reestablishment, reconstitution,
reconstruction; reproduction &c. 163; renovation, renewal;
revival, revivessence[obs3], reviviscence[obs3]; refreshment
&c. 689; resuscitation, reanimation, revivification,
reviction|; Phenix; reorganization.
renaissance, second
youth, rejuvenescence[obs3],. new birth;
regeneration, regeneracy[obs3], regenerateness[obs3];
palingenesis[obs3], reconversion.
redress, retrieval,
reclamation, recovery; convalescence; resumption,
resumption; sanativeness[obs3]. recurrence &c. (repetition)
104; rechauffe[Fr], rifacimento[It].
cure, recure|, sanation|;
healing &c. v.; redintegration[obs3];
rectification; instauration[obs3].
repair, reparation,
remanufacture; recruiting &c. v.; cicatrization;
disinfection; tinkering.
reaction; redemption
&c. (deliverance) 672; restitution &c. 790;
relief &c. 834.
tinker, cobbler; vis
medicatrix &c. (remedy) 662[obs3]. curableness.
V. return to the original
state; recover, rally, revive; come come to,
come round, come to oneself; pull through, weather
the storm, be oneself again; get well ,get round,
get the better of, get over, get about; rise from
one’s ashes, rise from the grave; survive &c.
(outlive) 110; resume, reappear; come to, come to
life again; live again, rise again.
heal, skin over, cicatrize;
right itself.
restore, put back, place
in statu quo[Lat]; reinstate, replace,
reseat, rehabilitate, reestablish, reestate[obs3],
reinstall.
reconstruct, rebuild,
reorganize, reconstitute; reconvert; renew,
renovate; regenerate; rejuvenate.
redeem, reclaim, recover,
retrieve; rescue &c. (deliver) 672.
redress, recure[obs3];
cure, heal, remedy, doctor, physic, medicate;
break of; bring round, set on one’s legs.
resuscitate, revive,
reanimate, revivify, recall to life; reproduce
&c. 163; warm up; reinvigorate, refresh &c. 689.
make whole, redintegrate[obs3];
recoup &c. 790; make good, make all
square; rectify, correct; put right, put to rights,
set right, set to rights, set straight; set up; put
in order &c. (arrange) 60; refit, recruit; fill up,
fill up the ranks; reinforce.
repair; put in repair,
remanufacture, put in thorough repair, put in
complete repair; retouch, refashion, botch|, vamp,
tinker, cobble; do up, patch up, touch up, plaster
up, vamp up; darn, finedraw[obs3], heelpiece[obs3];
stop a gap, stanch, staunch, caulk, calk, careen, splice,
bind up wounds.
Adj. restored &c. v.;
redivivus[Lat], convalescent; in a fair way;
none the worse; rejuvenated.
restoring &c. v.; restorative,
recuperative; sanative, reparative,
sanatory[obs3], reparatory[obs3]; curative, remedial.
restorable, recoverable,
sanable[obs3], remediable, retrievable,
curable.
Adv. in statu quo[Lat];
as you were.
phr. revenons a nos moutons[Fr]; medecin[Fr], gueris-toi
toi-meme[Fr]; vestigia nulla retrorsum [Lat][Horace].
#661. Relapse.
— N. relapse, lapse; falling back &c. v.;
retrogradation &c. (retrogression) 283[obs3]; deterioration
&c. 659.
[Return to, or recurrence
of a bad state] backsliding, recidivation |;
recidivism, recidivity[obs3]; recrudescence.
V. relapse, lapse; fall
back, slide back, sink back; return;
retrograde &c. 283; recidivate; fall off again &c.
659.
— p. 211 —
— remedy = medicine; needs to be greatly
expanded —
#662. Remedy. —
N. remedy, help, cure, redress; medicine, medicament;
diagnosis, medical examination; medical treatment;
surgery; preventive medicine.
[medical devices] clinical
thermometer, stethoscope, X-ray machine.
anthelmintic[Med]; antidote,
antifebrile[Med], antipoison[obs3],
counterpoison[obs3], antitoxin, antispasmodic; bracer,
faith cure, placebo; helminthagogue[obs3], lithagogue[obs3],
pick-meup, stimulant, tonic; vermifuge, prophylactic,
corrective, restorative; sedative &c. 174; palliative;
febrifuge; alterant[obs3], alterative; specific; antiseptic,
emetic, analgesic, pain-killer, antitussive[Med], antiinflammatory[Med],
antibiotic, antiviral[Med], antifungal[Med], carminative;
Nepenthe, Mithridate.
cure, treatment, regimen;
radical cure, perfect cure, certain cure;
sovereign remedy.
examination, diagnosis,
diagnostics; analysis, urinalysis, biopsy,
radiology.
medicine, physic, Galenicals[obs3],
simples, drug, pharmaceutical,
prescription, potion, draught, dose, pill, bolus,
injection, infusion, drip, suppository, electuary[obs3];
linctus[obs3], lincture[obs3]; medicament; pharmacon[obs3].
nostrum, receipt, recipe,
prescription; catholicon[obs3], panacea,
elixir, elixir vitae, philosopher’s stone; balm,
balsam, cordial, theriac[obs3], ptisan[obs3].
agueweed[obs3], arnica,
benzoin, bitartrate of potash, boneset[obs3],
calomel, catnip, cinchona, cream of tartar, Epsom
salts[Chem]; feverroot[obs3], feverwort; friar’s
balsam, Indian sage; ipecac, ipecacuanha; jonquil,
mercurous chloride, Peruvian bark; quinine, quinquina[obs3];
sassafras, yarrow.
salve, ointment, cerate,
oil, lenitive, lotion, cosmetic; plaster;
epithem[obs3], embrocation[obs3], liniment, cataplasm[obs3],
sinapism[obs3], arquebusade[obs3], traumatic, vulnerary,
pepastic[obs3], poultice, collyrium[obs3], depilatory;
emplastrum[obs3]; eyewater[obs3], vesicant, vesicatory[Med].
compress, pledget[obs3];
bandage &c. (support) 215.
treatment, medical treatment,
regimen; dietary, dietetics; vis
medicatrix[obs3], vis medicatrix naturae[Lat][obs3];
medecine expectante[Fr]; bloodletting, bleeding, venesection[Med],
phlebotomy, cupping, sanguisae, leeches; operation,
surgical operation; transfusion, infusion, intravenous
infusion, catheter, feeding tube;
prevention, preventative
medicine, immunization, inoculation,
vaccination, vaccine, shot, booster, gamma globulin.
— p. 212 —
#663. Bane. —
N. bane, curse; evil &c. 619; hurtfulness &c. (badness)
649[obs3]; painfulness &c. (cause of pain) 830; scourge
&c. (punishment) 975; damnosa hereditas[Lat]; white
elephant.
sting, fang, thorn,
tang, bramble, brier, nettle.
poison, toxin; teratogen;
leaven, virus venom; arsenic; antimony,
tartar emetic; strychnine, nicotine; miasma, miasm[obs3],
mephitis[obs3], malaria, azote[obs3], sewer gas; pest.
[poisonous substances,
examples] Albany hemp[obs3], arsenious oxide,
arsenious acid; bichloride of mercury; carbonic acid,
carbonic gas; choke damp, corrosive sublimate, fire
damp; hydrocyanic acid, cyanide, Prussic acid[ISA:chemsubcfp],
hydrogen cyanide; marsh gas, nux vomica[Lat], ratsbane[obs3].
[poisonous plants] hemlock,
hellebore, nightshade, belladonna,
henbane, aconite; banewort[obs3], bhang, ganja[obs3],
hashish; Upas tree.
[list of poisonous substances(on-line)]
Toxline.
rust, worm, helminth[Med],
moth, moth and rust, fungus, mildew; dry
rot; canker, cankerworm; cancer; torpedo; viper &c.
(evil doer) 913; demon &c. 980.
[Science of poisons]
toxicology.
Adj. baneful &c. (bad)
649; poisonous &c. (unwholesome) 657.
phr. bibere venenum
in auro[Lat].
% Contingent Subservience %
#664. Safety. —
N. safety, security, surety, impregnability;
invulnerability, invulnerableness &c. Adj.; danger
past, danger over; storm blown over; coast clear;
escape &c. 671; means of escape; blow valve, safety
valve, release valve, sniffing valve; safeguard, palladium.
guardianship, wardship,
wardenship; tutelage, custody, safekeeping;
preservation &c. 670; protection, auspices.
safe-conduct, escort,
convoy; guard, shield &c. (defense) 717;
guardian angel; tutelary god, tutelary deity, tutelary
saint; genius loci.
protector, guardian;
warden, warder; preserver, custodian, duenna[Sp],
chaperon, third person.
watchdog, bandog[obs3];
Cerberus; watchman, patrolman, policeman; cop,
dick, fuzz, smokey, peeler|, zarp|[all slang]; sentinel,
sentry, scout &c. (warning) 668; garrison; guardship[obs3].
[Means of safety] refuge
&c. anchor &c. 666; precaution &c.
(preparation) 673; quarantine, cordon sanitaire[Fr].
confidence &c. 858[Sense of security].
V. be safe &c.
Adj.; keep one’s head above water, tide over,
save
one’s bacon; ride out the storm, weather the
storm; light upon one’s feet, land on one’s
feet; bear a charmed life; escape &c. 671.
make safe, render safe
&c. Adj.; protect; take care of &c. (care)
459; preserve &c. 670; cover, screen, shelter, shroud,
flank, ward; guard &c. (defend) 717; secure &c. (restrain)
751; entrench, intrench[obs3], fence round &c. (circumscribe)
229; house, nestle, ensconce; take charge of.
escort, convoy; garrison;
watch, mount guard, patrol.
make assurance doubly
sure &c. (caution) 864; take up a loose thread;
— p. 213 —
#665. Danger. —
N. danger, peril, insecurity, jeopardy, risk, hazard,
venture, precariousness, slipperiness; instability
&c. 149; defenselessness &c. Adj. exposure &c.
(liability) 177; vulnerability; vulnerable point,
heel of Achilles[obs3]; forlorn hope &c. (hopelessness)
859.
[Dangerous course] leap
in the dark &c. (rashness) 863; road to ruin,
faciles descensus Averni [Lat][Vergil], hairbreadth
escape.
cause for alarm; source
of danger &c. 667. rock ahead[Approach of
danger], breakers ahead; storm brewing; clouds in
the horizon, clouds gathering; warning &c. 668; alarm
&c. 669.
[Sense of danger] apprehension
&c. 860.
V. be in danger &c.
Adj.; be exposed to danger, run into danger, incur
danger, encounter danger &c. n.; run a risk; lay oneself
open to &c. (liability) 177; lean on a broken reed,
trust to a broken reed; feel the ground sliding from
under one, have to run for it; have the chances against
one, have the odds against one, face long odds; be
in deep trouble, be between a rock and a hard place.
hang by a thread, totter;
sleep on a volcano, stand on a volcano; sit
on a barrel of gunpowder, live in a glass house.
bring in danger, place
in danger, put in danger, place in jeopardy,
put in jeopardy &c. n.; endanger, expose to danger,
imperil; jeopard[obs3], jeopardize; compromise; sail
too near the wind &c. (rash) 863.
adventure, risk, hazard,
venture, stake, set at hazard; run the
gauntlet &c. (dare) 861; engage in a forlorn hope.
threaten danger &c.
909; run one hard; lay a trap for &c. (deceive)
#666. [Means of safety.]
Refuge. — N. refuge, sanctuary, retreat,
fastness; acropolis; keep, last resort; ward; prison
&c. 752; asylum, ark, home, refuge for the destitute;
almshouse[obs3]; hiding place &c. (ambush) 530; sanctum
sanctorum &c. (privacy) 893[Lat].
roadstead, anchorage;
breakwater, mole, port, haven; harbor, harbor of
refuge; seaport; pier, jetty, embankment, quay.
covert, cover, shelter,
screen, lee wall, wing, shield, umbrella;
barrier; dashboard, dasher [U.S.].
wall &c. (inclosure)
232; fort &c. (defense) 717.
anchor, kedge; grapnel,
grappling iron; sheet anchor, killick[obs3];
mainstay; support &c. 215; cheek &c. 706; ballast.
jury mast; vent-peg; safety valve, blow-off valve;
safety lamp; lightning rod, lightning conductor; safety
belt, airbag, seat belt; antilock brakes, antiskid
tires, snow tires.
means of escape &c.
(escape) 671 lifeboat, lifejacket, life buoy,
swimming belt, cork jacket; parachute, plank, steppingstone;
emergency landing.
safeguard &c. (protection)
664.
V. seek refuge, take
refuge, find refuge &c. n.; seek safety, find
safety &c. 664; throw oneself into the arms of; break
for taller timber [U. S.].
create a diversion.
Phr. any port in a
storm; bibere venenum in auro[Lat]; valet anchora
virtus[obs3].
— pitfall is related to deceiver and danger —
#667. [Source of danger.]
Pitfall. — N. rocks, reefs, coral reef,
sunken rocks, snags; sands, quicksands; syrt|, syrtis|;
Goodwin sands, sandy foundation; slippery ground;
breakers, shoals, shallows, bank, shelf, flat, lee
shore, ironbound coast; rock ahead, breakers ahead.
precipice; maelstrom,
volcano; ambush &c. 530; pitfall, trapdoor; trap
&c. (snare) 545.
sword of Damocles; wolf
at the door, snake in the grass, death in the
pot; latency &c. 526.
ugly customer, dangerous
person, le chat qui dort[Fr]; firebrand,
hornet’s nest.
Phr. latet anquis in
herba [Lat][Vergil]; proximus ardet Ucalegon
[Lat][Vergil].
— p. 214 —
#668. Warning.
— N. warning, early warning, caution, caveat;
notice
&c. (information) 527; premonition, premonishment[obs3];
prediction &c. 511; contraindication, lesson, dehortation[obs3];
admonition, monition; alarm &c. 669.
handwriting on the wall,
mene mene tekel upharsin, red flag, yellow
flag; fog-signal, foghorn; siren; monitor, warning
voice, Cassandra[obs3], signs of the times, Mother
Cary’s chickens[obs3], stormy petrel, bird of
ill omen, gathering clouds, clouds in the horizon,
death watch.
watchtower, beacon,
signal post; lighthouse &c. (indication of
locality) 550. sentinel, sentry; watch, watchman;
watch and ward; watchdog, bandog[obs3], housedog[obs3];
patrol, patrolman, vedette[obs3], picket, bivouac,
scout, spy, spial|; undercover agent, mole, plainclothesman;
advanced guard, rear guard; lookout.
cautiousness &c. 864.
monitor, guard camera,
radar, AWACS, spy satellite,
spy-in-the-sky, U2 plane, spy plane.
V. warn, caution; forewarn,
prewarn[obs3]; admonish, premonish[obs3];
give notice, give warning, dehort[obs3]; menace &c.
(threaten) 909; put on one’s guard; sound the
alarm &c. 669; croak.
beware, ware; take warning,
take heed at one’s peril; keep watch and
ward &c. (care) 459.
Adj. warning &c. v.;
premonitory, monitory, cautionary; admonitory,
admonitive[obs3]; sematic[Biol].
warned, forewarned
&c. v.; on one’s guard &c. (careful) 459,
(cautious) 864.
Adv. in terrorem[Lat]
&c. (threat) 909.
Int. beware! ware! take
care! look out! fore![golf], mind what you are
about!, take care what you are about! mind!
Phr. ne reveillez pas
le chat qui dort [French: don’t wake a sleeping
cat]; foenum habet in cornu[Lat]; caveat actor; le
silence du people est la legon des rois[Fr]; verbum
sat sapienti [Latin: a word to the wise is sufficient];
un averti en vaut deux[Fr].
#669. [Indication of
danger.] Alarm. — N. alarm; alarum, larum[obs3],
alarm bell, tocsin, alerts, beat of drum, sound of
trumpet, note of alarm, hue and cry, fire cross, signal
of distress; blue lights; war-cry, war-whoop; warning
&c. 668; fogsignal, foghorn; yellow flag; danger signal;
red light, red flag; fire bell; police whistle.
false alarm, cry of
wolf; bug-bear, bugaboo.
V. give the alarm, raise
the alarm, sound the alarm, turn in the
alarm, beat the alarm, give an alarm, raise an alarm,
sound an alarm, turn in an alarm, beat an alarm &c.
n.; alarm; warn &c. 668; ring the tocsin; battre la
generale[Fr]; cry wolf.
Adj. alarming &c. v.
Int. sauve qui peut[Fr]!
[French: every man for himself]; qui vive?
[Fr].
#670. Preservation.
— N. preservation; safe-keeping; conservation
&c.
(storage) 636; maintenance, support, susteritation[obs3],
conservatism; vis conservatrix[obs3]; salvation &c.
(deliverance) 672.
[Means of preservation]
prophylaxis; preserver, preservative,
additive; antibiotics, antifungals[Med], biocide;
hygiastics[obs3], hygiantics[obs3]; cover, drugget[obs3];
cordon sanitaire[Fr]; canning; ensilage; tinned goods,
canned goods.
[Superstitious remedies]
snake oil, spider webs, cure-all; laetrile;
charm &c. 993.
V. preserve, maintain,
keep, sustain, support, hold; keep up, keep
alive; refrigerate, keep on ice; not willingly let
die; bank up; nurse; save, rescue; be safe, make safe
&c. 664; take care of &c. (care) 459; guard &c. (defend)
717.
stare super antiquas
vias [Lat][Bacon]; hold one’s own; hold one’s
ground, stand one’s ground &c. (resist) 719.
embalm, cure, salt,
pickle, season, kyanize|, bottle, pot, tin, can;
sterilize, pasteurize, radiate; dry, lyophilize[Chem],
freeze-dry, concentrate, evaporate; freeze, quick-freeze,
deep-freeze; husband &c. (store) 636.
Adj. preserving &c.
v.; conservative; prophylactic;
preservatory[obs3], preservative; hygienic.
preserved &c. v.; unimpaired,
unbroken, uninjured, unhurt,
unsinged[obs3], unmarred; safe, safe and sound; intact,
with a whole skin.
Phr. nolumus leges Angliae
mutari[Lat][obs3].
#671. Escape. —
N. escape, scape; avolation|, elopement, flight;
evasion &c. (avoidance) 623; retreat; narrow escape,
hairbreadth escape; close call; come off, impunity.
[Means of escape] loophole
&c. (opening) 260; path &c. 627; refuse &c.
666; vent, vent peg; safety valve; drawbridge, fire
escape.
reprieve &c. (deliverance)
672; liberation &c. 750. refugee &c.
(fugitive) 623.
V. escape, scape; make
one’s escape, effect one’s escape, make
good
one’s escape; break jail; get off, get clear
off, get well out of; echapper belle[Fr], save one’s
bacon, save one’s skin; weather the storm &c.
(safe) 664; escape scot-free.
elude &c., make off
&c. (avoid) 623; march off &c. (go away) 293;
— p. 215 —
#672. Deliverance.
— N. deliverance, extrication, rescue; reprieve,
reprieval[obs3]; respite; liberation &c. 750; emancipation;
redemption, salvation; riddance; gaol delivery; redeemableness[obs3].
V. deliver, extricate,
rescue, save, emancipate, redeem, ransom; bring
off, bring through; tirer d’affaire[Fr], get
the wheel out of the rut, snatch from the jaws of
death, come to the rescue; rid; retrieve &c. (restore)
660; be rid of, get rid of.
Adj. saved &c. v. extricable,
redeemable, rescuable.
Int. to the rescue!
% 3. Precursory Measures %
#673. Preparation.
— N. preparation; providing &c. v.; provision,
providence; anticipation &c. (foresight) 510; precaution,
preconcertation[obs3], predisposition; forecast &c.
(plan) 626; rehearsal, note of preparation.
[Putting in order] arrangement
&c. 60; clearance; adjustment &c. 23;
tuning; equipment, outfit, accouterment, armament,
array.
ripening &c. v.; maturation,
evolution; elaboration, concoction,
digestion; gestation, batching, incubation, sitting.
groundwork, first stone,
cradle, stepping-stone; foundation, scaffold
&c. (support) 215; scaffolding, echafaudage[Fr].
[Preparation of men]
training &c. (education) 537; inurement &c.
(habit) 613; novitiate; cooking[ Preparation of
food], cookery; brewing, culinary art; tilling[ Preparation
of the soil], plowing, sowing; semination[obs3],
cultivation.
[State of being prepared]
preparedness, readiness, ripeness,
mellowness; maturity; un impromptu fait a loisir[Fr].
[Preparer] preparer,
trainer; pioneer, trailblazer; avant-
courrier[Fr], avant-coureur[Fr]; voortrekker[Afrikaans];
sappers and miners, pavior[obs3], navvy[obs3]; packer,
stevedore; warming pan.
V. prepare; get ready,
make ready; make preparations, settle
preliminaries, get up, sound the note of preparation.
set in order, put in order &c. (arrange) 60; forecast
&c. (plan) 626 prepare the ground, plow the ground,
dress the ground; till the soil, cultivate the soil;
predispose, sow the seed, lay a train, dig a mine;
lay the groundwork, fix the groundwork, lay the basis,
fix the basis, lay the foundations, fix the foundations;
dig the foundations, erect the scaffolding; lay the
first stone &c. (begin) 66.
roughhew; cut out work;
block out, hammer out; lick into shape &c.
(form) 240.
elaborate, mature, ripen,
mellow, season, bring to maturity; nurture
&c. (aid) 707; hatch, cook, brew; temper, anneal,
Adj. preparing &c. v.;
in preparation, in course of preparation, in
agitation, in embryo, in hand, in train; afoot,
afloat; on foot, on the stocks, on the anvil; under
consideration &c. (plan) 626; brewing, batching, forthcoming,
brooding; in store for, in reserve.
precautionary, provident;
preparative, preparatory; provisional,
inchoate, under revision; preliminary &c. (precedent)
62.
prepared &c. v.; in
readiness; ready, ready to one’s band, ready
made,
ready cut and dried; made to one’s hand, handy,
on the table; in gear; in working order, in working
gear; snug; in practice.
ripe, mature, mellow;
pukka[obs3]; practiced &c. (skilled) 698;
labored, elaborate, highly-wrought, smelling of the
lamp, worked up.
in full feather, in
best bib and tucker; in harness, at harness; in
the saddle, in arms, in battle array, in war paint;
up in arms; armed at all points, armed to the teeth,
armed cap a pie; sword in hand; booted and spurred.
in utrumque paratus[Lat],
semper paratus[Lat]; on the alert &c.
(vigilant) 459; at one’s post.
Adv. in preparation,
in anticipation of; against, for; abroach[obs3].
Phr. a bove majori discit
arare minor[Lat]; “looking before and after”
[Hamlet], si vis pacem para bellum[Lat].
— p. 216 —
#674. Nonpreparation.
— N. non-preparation, absence of preparation,
want of preparation; inculture|, inconcoction|, improvidence.
immaturity, crudity;
rawness &c. Adj.; abortion; disqualification.
[Absence of art] nature,
state of nature; virgin soil, unweeded
garden; neglect &c. 460.
rough copy &c. (plan)
626; germ &c. 153; raw material &c. 635.
improvisation &c. (impulse)
612.
V. be unprepared &c.
Adj.; want preparation, lack preparation; lie
fallow; s’embarquer sans biscuits[Fr]; live
from hand to mouth.
[Render unprepared]
dismantle &c. (render useless) 645; undress &c.
226. extemporize, improvise, ad lib.
Adj. unprepared &c.
[prepare &c. 673]; without preparation &c. 673;
incomplete &c. 53; rudimental, embryonic, abortive;
immature, unripe, kachcha[obs3], raw, green, crude;
coarse; rough cast, rough hewn; in the rough; unhewn[obs3],
unformed, unfashioned[obs3], unwrought, unlabored[obs3],
unblown, uncooked, unboiled, unconcocted, unpolished.
unhatched, unfledged,
unnurtured[obs3], unlicked[obs3], untaught,
uneducated, uncultivated,. untrained, untutored, undrilled,
unexercised; deckle-edged[obs3]; precocious, premature;
undigested, indigested[obs3]; unmellowed[obs3], unseasoned,
unleavened.
unrehearsed, unscripted,
extemporaneous, improvised, spontaneous, ad
lib, ad libitem [Latin].
fallow; unsown, untilled;
natural, in a state of nature; undressed; in
dishabille, en deshabille[Fr].
unqualified, disqualified;
unfitted; ill-digested; unbegun, unready,
unarranged[obs3], unorganized, unfurnished, unprovided,
unequipped, untrimmed; out of gear, out of order;
dismantled &c. v.
shiftless, improvident,
unthrifty, thriftless, thoughtless, unguarded;
happy-go-lucky; caught napping &c. (inexpectant) 508[obs3];
unpremeditated &c. 612.
Adv. extempore &c. 612.
#675. Essay. —
N. essay, trial, endeavor, attempt; aim, struggle,
venture, adventure, speculation, coup d’essai[Fr],
debut; probation &c. (experiment) 463.
V. try, essay; experiment
&c. 463; endeavor, strive; tempt, attempt,
make an attempt; venture, adventure, speculate, take
one’s chance, tempt fortune; try one’s
fortune, try one’s luck, try one’s hand;
use one’s endeavor; feel one’s way, grope
one’s way, pick one’s way.
try hard, push, make
a bold push, use one’s best endeavor; do one’s
best &c. (exertion) 686.
Adj. essaying &c. v.;
experimental &c. 463; tentative, empirical,
probationary.
Adv. experimentally
&c. Adj.; on trial, at a venture; by rule of
thumb. if one may be so bold.
Phr. aut non tentaris
aut perfice [Lat][Ovid]; chi non s’arrischia
non
guadagna[Fr][obs3].
— p. 217 —
#676. Undertaking.
— N. undertaking; compact &c. 769; adventure,
venture; engagement &c. (promise) 768; enterprise,
emprise[obs3]; pilgrimage; matter in hand &c. (business
) 625; move; first move &c. (beginning) 66.
V. undertake; engage
in, embark in; launch into, plunge into;
volunteer; apprentice oneself to; engage &c. (promise)
768; contract &c. 769; take upon oneself, take upon
one’s shoulders; devote oneself to &c. (determination)
604.
take up, take in hand;
tackle; set about, go about; set to, fall to,
set to work; launch forth; set up shop; put in hand,
put in execution; set forward; break the neck of a
business, be in, for; put one’s hand to, put
one’s foot in; betake oneself to, turn one’s
hand to, go to do; begin &c. 66; broach, institute
&c. one’s (originate) 153; put one’s hand
to the plow, lay one’s hand to the plow, put
one’s shoulder to the wheel.
have in hand &c. (business)
625; have many irons in the fire &c.
(activity) 682.
Adj. undertaking &c.
v.; on the anvil &c. 625.
Int. here goes!
#677. Use. —
N. use; employ, employment; exercise,
exercitation[obs3]; application, appliance; adhibition[obs3],
disposal; consumption; agency &c. (physical) 170;
usufruct; usefulness &c. 644; benefit; recourse, resort,
avail.
[Conversion to use]
utilization, service, wear.
[Way of using] usage.
V. use,.make use of,
employ, put to use; put in action, put in
operation, put in practice; set in motion, set to
work.
ply, work, wield, handle,
manipulate; play, play off; exert, exercise,
practice, avail oneself of, profit by, resort to,
have recourse to, recur to, take betake oneself to;
take up with, take advantage of; lay one’s hands
on, try.
render useful &c. 644;
mold; turn to account, turn to use; convert to
use, utilize; work up; call into play, bring into
play; put into requisition; call forth, draw forth;
press into service, enlist into the service; bring
to bear upon, devote, dedicate, consecrate, apply,
adhibit[obs3], dispose of; make a handle of, make a
cat’s-paw of.
fall back upon, make
a shift with; make the most of, make the best of.
use up, swallow up;
consume, absorb, expend; tax, task, wear, put to
task.
Adj. in use; used &c.
v.; well-worn, well-trodden.
useful &c. 644; subservient
&c. (instrumental) 631.
#678. Disuse. —
N. forbearance, abstinence; disuse; relinquishment
&c. 782; desuetude &c. (want of habit) 614; disusage[obs3].
V. not use; do without,
dispense with, let alone, not touch, forbear,
abstain, spare, waive, neglect; keep back, reserve.
lay up, lay by, lay on the shelf, keep on the shelf,
lay up in ordinary; lay up in a napkin; shelve; set
aside, put aside, lay aside; disuse, leave off, have
done with; supersede; discard &c. (eject) 297; dismiss,
give warning.
throw aside &c. (relinquish)
#679. Misuse. —
N. misuse, misusage, misemployment[obs3],
misapplication, misappropriation.
abuse, profanation,
prostitution, desecration; waste &c. 638.
V. misuse, misemploy,
misapply, misappropriate.
desecrate, abuse, profane,
prostitute; waste &c. 638; overtask,
overtax, overwork; squander &c. 818.
cut blocks with a razor,
employ a steam engine to crack a nut; catch
at a straw.
Adj. misused &c. v.
Phr. ludere cum sacris[Lat].
— p. 218 — % Section III. VOLUNTARY ACTION
1. Simple voluntary Action %
#680. Action. —
N. action, performance; doing, &c. v.; perpetration;
exercise, excitation; movement, operation, evolution,
work; labor &c. (exertion) 686; praxis, execution;
procedure &c. (conduct) 692; handicraft; business
&c. 625; agency &c. (power at work) 170.
deed, act, overt act,
stitch, touch, gest transaction[obs3], job,
doings, dealings, proceeding, measure, step, maneuver,
bout, passage, move, stroke, blow; coup, coup de main,
coup d’etat[Fr]; tour de force &c. (display)
882; feat, exploit; achievement &c. (completion) 729;
handiwork, workmanship; manufacture; stroke of policy
&c. (plan) 626.
actor &c. (doer) 690.
V. do, perform, execute;
achieve &c. (complete) 729; transact, enact;
commit, perpetrate, inflict; exercise, prosecute,
carry on, work, practice, play.
employ oneself, ply
one’s task; officiate, have in hand &c. (business)
625; labor &c. 686; be at work; pursue a course; shape
one’s course &c. (conduct) 692.
act, operate; take action,
take steps; strike a blow, lift a finger,
stretch forth one’s hand; take in hand &c. (undertake)
676; put oneself in motion; put in practice; carry
into execution &c. (complete) 729; act upon.
be an actor &c. 690;
take a part in, act a part in, play a part in,
perform a part in; participate in; have a hand in,
have a finger in the pie; have to do with; be a party
to, be a participator in; bear a hand, lend a hand;
pull an oar, run in a race; mix oneself up with &c.
(meddle) 682.
be in action; come into
operation &c. (power at work) 170.
Adj. doing &c. v.; acting;
in action; in harness; on duty; in
operation &c. 170.
Adv. in the act, in
the midst of, in the thick of; red-handed, in
flagrante delicto[Lat]; while one’s hand is
in.
Phr. “action is
eloquence” [Coriolanus]; actions speak louder
than
words; actum aiunt ne agas [obs3][Lat][Terence]; “awake,
#681. Inaction.
— N. inaction, passiveness, abstinence from
action;
noninterference, nonintervention; Fabian policy, conservative
policy; neglect &c. 460.
inactivity &c. 683;
rest &c. (repose) 687; quiescence &c. 265; want of
occupation, inoccupation[obs3]; idle hours, time hanging
on one’s hands, dolce far niente[It]; sinecure,
featherbed, featherbedding, cushy job, no-show job;
soft snap, soft thing.
V. not do, not act,
not attempt; be inactive &c. 683; abstain from
doing, do nothing, hold, spare; not stir, not move,
not lift a finger, not lift a foot, not lift a peg;
fold one’s arms, fold one’s hands; leave
alone, let alone; let be, let pass, let things take
their course, let it have its way, let well alone,
let well enough alone; quieta non movere[Lat]; stare
super antiquas vias[Lat][obs3]; rest and be thankful,
live and let live; lie rest upon one’s oars;
laisser aller[Fr], faire[Fr]; stand aloof; refrain
&c. (avoid) 623 keep oneself from doing; remit one’s
efforts, relax one’s efforts; desist &c. (relinquish)
624; stop &c. (cease) 142; pause &c. (be quiet) 265.
wait, lie in wait, bide
one’s time, take time, tide it over.
cool one’s heels,
kick one’s heels; while away the time, while
away
tedious hours; pass the time, fill up the time, beguile
the time; talk against time; let the grass grow under
one’s feet; waste time &c. (inactive) 683.
lie by, lie on the shelf,
lie in ordinary, lie idle, lie to, lie
fallow; keep quiet, slug; have nothing to do, whistle
for want of thought.
undo, do away with;
take down, take to pieces; destroy &c. 162.
Adj. not doing &c. v.;
not done &c. v.; undone; passive; unoccupied,
unemployed; out of employ, out of work; fallow; desaeuvre[Fr].
Adv. re infecta[Lat],
at a stand, les bras croisis[Fr], with folded
arms; with the hands in the pockets, with the hands
behind one’s back; pour passer le temps[Fr].
Int. so let it be! stop!
&c. 142; hands off!
Phr. cunctando restituit
rem “If it ain’t broke don’t fix
it”
[Lat][Bert Lance]; stare decisis [Latin: (Law)
let the decision stand].
— p. 219 —
#682. Activity.
— N. activity; briskness, liveliness &c.
adj.;
animation, life, vivacity, spirit, dash, energy; snap,
vim.
nimbleness, agility;
smartness, quickness &c. adj.; velocity, &c. 274;
alacrity, promptitude; despatch, dispatch; expedition;
haste &c. 684; punctuality &c. (early) 132.
eagerness, zeal, ardor,
— p. 220 —
#683. Inactivity.
— N. inactivity; inaction &c. 681; inertness
&c.
172; obstinacy &c. 606. lull &c. (cessation) 142;
quiescence &c. 265; rust, rustiness.
idleness, remissness
&c. adj.; sloth, indolence, indiligence[obs3];
dawdling &c. v. ergophobia[obs3], otiosity[obs3].
dullness &c. adj.; languor;
segnity|, segnitude|; lentor[obs3];
sluggishness &c. (slowness) 275; procrastination &c.
(delay) 133; torpor, torpidity, torpescence[obs3];
stupor &c. (insensibility) 823; somnolence; drowsiness
&c. adj.; nodding &c. v.; oscitation[obs3], oscitancy[obs3];
pandiculation[obs3], hypnotism, lethargy; statuvolence
heaviness[obs3], heavy eyelids.
sleep, slumber; sound
sleep, heavy sleep, balmy sleep; Morpheus;
Somnus; coma, trance, ecstasis[obs3], dream, hibernation,
nap, doze, snooze, siesta, wink of sleep, forty winks,
snore; hypnology[obs3].
dull work; pottering;
relaxation &c. (loosening) 47; Castle of
Indolence.
[Cause of inactivity]
lullaby, sedative, tranquilizer, hypnotic,
— p. 221 —
#684. Haste. —
N. haste, urgency; despatch, dispatch; acceleration,
spurt, spirt[obs3], forced march, rush, dash; speed,
velocity &c. 274; precipitancy, precipitation, precipitousness
&c. adj.; impetuosity; brusquerie[obs3]; hurry, drive,
scramble, bustle, fuss, fidget, flurry, flutter, splutter.
V. haste, hasten; make
haste, make a dash &c. n.; hurry on, dash on,
whip on, push on, press on, press forward; hurry,
skurry[obs3], scuttle along, barrel along, bundle
on, dart to and fro, bustle, flutter, scramble; plunge,
plunge headlong; dash off; rush &c. (violence) 173;
express.
bestir oneself &c. (be
active) 682; lose no time, lose not a moment,
lose not an instant; make short work of; make the
best of one’s time, make the best of one’s
way.
be precipitate &c. adj.;
jump at, be in haste, be in a hurry &c. n.;
have no time, have not a moment to lose, have not
a moment to spare; work against time.
quicken &c. 274; accelerate,
expedite, put on, precipitate, urge,
whip; railroad.
Adj. hasty, hurried,
brusque; scrambling, cursory, precipitate,
headlong, furious, boisterous, impetuous, hotheaded;
feverish, fussy; pushing.
in haste, in a hurry
&c. n.; in hot haste, in all haste; breathless,
pressed for time, hard pressed, urgent.
Adv. with haste, with
all haste, with breathless speed; in haste &c.
adj.; apace &c. (swiftly) 274; amain[obs3]; all at
once &c. (instantaneously) 113; at short notice &c.,
immediately &c. (early) 132; posthaste; by cable,
by express, by telegraph, by forced marches.
hastily, precipitately
&c. adj.; helter-skelter, hurry-skurry[obs3],
holus-bolus; slapdash, slap-bang; full-tilt, full
drive; heels over head, head and shoulders, headlong,
a corps perdu[Fr].
by fits and starts,
by spurts; hop skip and jump.
Phr. sauve qui peut[French:
every man for himself][panic], devil take
the hindmost, no time to be lost; no sooner said than
done &c. (early) 132; a word and a blow; haste makes
waste, maggiore fretta minore atto [Italian]; ohne
Hast aber ohne Rast [German][Goethe’s motto];
“stand not upon the order of your going but
go at once” [Macbeth]; “swift, swift, you
dragons of the night” [Cymbeline].
#685. Leisure.
— N. leisure; convenience; spare time, spare
hours,
spare moments; vacant hour; time, time to spare, time
on one’s hands; holiday, relaxation &c. (rest)
687; otium cum dignitate [Lat][obs3][Cic.], ease.
no hurry; no big rush;
no deadline.
V. have leisure &c.
n.; take one’s time, take one’s leisure,
take
one’s ease; repose &c. 687; move slowly &c.
275; while away the time &c. (inaction) 681; be master
of one’s time, be an idle man.
Adj. leisure, leisurely;
slow &c. 275; deliberate, quiet, calm,
undisturbed; at leisure, at one’s ease, at loose
ends, at a loose end.
Adv. unhurriedly, deliberately,
without undue haste; anytime.
Phr. time hanging heavy
on one’s hands; eile mit Weile[Ger].
#686. Exertion.
— N. exertion, effort, strain, tug, pull,
stress,
throw, stretch, struggle, spell, spurt, spirt[obs3];
stroke of work, stitch of work.
“a strong pull
a long pull and a pull all together”; dead lift;
heft;
gymnastics; exercise, exercitation[obs3]; wear and
tear; ado; toil and trouble; uphill work, hard work,
warm work; harvest time.
labor, work, toil, travail,
manual labor, sweat of one’s brow,
swink[obs3], drudgery, slavery, fagging[obs3], hammering;
limae labor[Lat]; industry, industriousness, operoseness[obs3],
operosity[obs3].
trouble, pains, duty;
resolution &c. 604; energy &c. (physical) 171.
V. exert oneself; exert
one’s energies, tax one’s energies; use
exertion.
labor, work, toil, moil,
sweat, fag, drudge, slave, drag a lengthened
chain, wade through, strive, stretch a long arm; pull,
tug, ply; ply the oar, tug at the oar; do the work;
take the laboring oar
bestir oneself (be active)
682; take trouble, trouble oneself.
work hard; rough it;
put forth one’s strength, put forth a strong
arm;
fall to work, bend the bow; buckle to, set one’s
shoulder to the wheel &c. (resolution) 604; work like
a horse, work like a cart horse, work like a galley
slave, work like a coal heaver; labor day and night,
work day and night; redouble one’s efforts;
do double duty; work double hours, work double tides;
sit up, burn the candle at both ends; stick to &c.
(persevere) 604a; work one’s way, fight one’s
way; lay about one, hammer at.
take pains; do one’s
best, do one’s level best, do one’s utmost;
give
one hundred percent, do the best one can, do all one
can, do all in one’s power, do as much as in
one lies, do what lies in one’s power; use one’s
best endeavor, use one’s utmost endeavor; try
one’s best, try one’s utmost; play one’s
best card; put one’s best leg foremost, put one’s
right leg foremost; have one’s whole soul in
his work, put all one’s strength into, strain
every nerve; spare no efforts, spare no pains; go all
lengths; go through fire and water &c. (resolution)
604; move heaven and earth, leave no stone unturned.
Adj. laboring &c. v.
#687. Repose. —
N. repose, rest, silken repose; sleep &c. 683.
relaxation, breathing
time; halt, stay, pause &c. (cessation) 142;
respite.
day of rest, dies non,
Sabbath, Lord’s day, holiday, red-letter day,
vacation, recess.
V. repose; rest, rest
and be thankful; take a rest, take one’s ease,
take it easy.
relax, unbend, slacken;
take breath &c. (refresh) 689; rest upon one’s
oars; pause &c. (cease) 142; stay one’s hand.
lie down; recline, recline
on a bed of down, recline on an easy chair;
go to rest, go to bed, go to sleep &c. 683.
take a holiday, shut
up shop; lie fallow &c. (inaction) 681.
Adj. reposing &c. v[of
people].; relaxed &c. v.; unstrained.
[of materials and people]
unstressed.
Adv. at rest.
Phr."the best of men
have ever loved repose” [Thompson]; “to
repair
our nature with comforting repose” [Henry VIII].
— p. 222 —
#688. Fatigue.
— N. fatigue; weariness &c. 841; yawning,
drowsiness
&c. 683; lassitude, tiredness, fatigation|, exhaustion;
sweat; dyspnoea.
anhelation, shortness
of breath; faintness; collapse, prostration,
swoon, fainting, deliquium[Lat], syncope, lipothymy[obs3];
goneness[obs3].
V. be fatigued &c. adj.;
yawn &c. (get sleepy) 683; droop, sink, flag;
lose breath, lose wind; gasp, pant, puff, blow, drop,
swoon, faint, succumb.
fatigue, tire, weary,
irk, flag, jade, harass, exhaust, knock up, wear
out, prostrate.
tax, task, strain; overtask,
overwork, overburden, overtax,
overstrain.
Adj. fatigued, tired
&c. v.; weary &c. 841; drowsy &c. 683; drooping
&c. v.; haggard; toilworn[obs3], wayworn; footsore,
surbated|, weather-beaten; faint; done up, used
up, knocked up; bushed * [U.S.]; exhausted, prostrate,
#689. Refreshment.
— N. bracing &c. v.; recovery of strength,
recuperation &c. 159; restoration, revival &c. 660;
repair, refection, refocillation|, refreshment, regalement[obs3],
bait; relief &c. 834.
break, spell.
refreshment stand; refreshments;
ice cream[list], cold soda, soda
pop, hot dogs (food).
V. brace &c. (strengthen)
159; reinvigorate; air, freshen up,
refresh, recruit; repair &c. (restore) 660; fan, refocillate|;
refresh the inner man.
breathe, respire; drink
in the ozone; take a break, take a breather,
take five, draw breath, take a deep breath, take breath,
gather breath, take a long breath, regain breath,
recover breath; get better, raise one’s head;
recover one’s strength, regain one’s strength,
renew one’s strength &c. 159; perk up, get one’s
second wind.
come to oneself &c.
(revive) 660; feel refreshed, feel like a giant
refreshed.
Adj. refreshing &c v.;
recuperative &c. 660.
refreshed &c. v.; untired[obs3],
unwearied.
— p. 223 —
#690. Agent.—
N. doer, actor, agent, performer, perpetrator,
operator; executor, executrix; practitioner, worker,
stager.
bee, ant, working bee,
termite, white ant; laboring oar, servant of
all work, factotum.
workman, artisan; craftsman,
handicraftsman; mechanic, operative;
working man; laboring man; demiurgus, hewers of wood
and drawers of water, laborer, navvy[obs3]; hand,
man, day laborer, journeyman, charwoman, hack; mere
tool &c. 633; beast of burden, drudge, fag; lumper[obs3],
roustabout.
maker, artificer, artist,
wright, manufacturer, architect, builder,
mason, bricklayer, smith, forger, Vulcan; carpenter;
ganger, platelayer; blacksmith, locksmith, sailmaker,
wheelwright.
machinist, mechanician,
engineer.
sempstress[obs3], semstress[obs3],
seamstress; needlewoman[obs3],
workwoman; tailor, cordwainer[obs3].
minister &c. (instrument)
631; servant &c. 746; representative &c.
(commissioner) 758, (deputy) 759.
coworker, party to,
participator in, particeps criminis[Lat], dramatis
personae[Lat]; personnel.
Phr. quorum pars magna
fui [Lat][Vergil]; faber est quisque fortunae
suae [Lat].
#691. Workshop.
— N. workshop, workhouse, workplace, shop,
place of
business; manufactory, mill, plant, works, factory;
cabinet, studio; office, branch office bureau, atelier.
hive[specific
types of workplace: list], hive of industry; nursery;
hothouse, hotbed; kitchen; mint, forge, loom; dock,
dockyard; alveary[obs3]; armory; laboratory, lab,
research institute; refinery; cannery; power plant;
beauty parlor; beehive, bindery, forcing pit, nailery[obs3],
usine[obs3], slip, yard, wharf; foundry, foundery[obs3];
furnace; vineyard.
crucible, alembic, caldron,
matrix.
Adj. at work, at the
office, at the shop; working.
% 2. Complex Voluntary Action %
#692. Conduct.
— N. conduct[actions of an individual
agent];
behavior; deportment, comportment; carriage, maintien[obs3],
demeanor, guise, bearing, manner, observance.
dealing, transaction
&c. (action) 680; business &c. 625.
tactics, game, game
plan, policy, polity; generalship, statesmanship,
seamanship; strategy, strategics[obs3]; plan &c. 626.
management; husbandry;
housekeeping, housewifery; stewardship; menage;
regime; economy, economics; political economy; government
&c. (direction) 693.
execution, manipulation,
treatment, campaign, career, life, course,
walk, race, record.
course of conduct, line
of conduct, line of action, line of
proceeding; role; process, ways, practice, procedure,
modus operandi, MO, method of operating; method &c.,
path &c. 627.
V. transact[cause to
occur], execute; despatch, dispatch; proceed
with, discharge; carry on, carry through, carry out,
carry into effect, put into effect; work out; go through,
get through; enact; put into practice; do &c. 680;
officiate &c. 625.
bear oneself, behave
oneself, comport oneself, demean oneself, carry
oneself, conduct oneself, acquit oneself.
run a race, lead a life,
play a game; take a course, adopt a course;
steer one’s course, shape one’s course;
play one’s paint, play one’s cards, shift
for oneself; paddle one’s own canoe; bail one’s
own boat.
conduct; manage, supervise
&c. (direct) 693.
participate &c. 680.
deal with, have to do
with; treat, handle a case; take steps, take
measures.
Adj. conducting &c.
v. strategical, businesslike, practical,
executive.
— p. 224 —
#693. Direction.
— N. direction; management, managery[obs3];
government, gubernation[obs3], conduct, legislation,
regulation, guidance; bossism [U.S.]; legislature;
steerage, pilotage; reins, reins of government; helm,
rudder, needle, compass; guiding star, load star, lode
star, pole star; cynosure.
supervision, superintendence;
surveillance, oversight; eye of the
master; control, charge; board of control &c. (council)
696; command &c. (authority) 737.
premiership, senatorship;
#694. Director.
— N. director, manager, governor, rector,
comptroller.
superintendent, supervisor,
straw boss.
intendant; overseer,
overlooker[obs3]; supercargo[obs3], husband,
inspector, visitor, ranger, surveyor, aedile[obs3];
moderator, monitor, taskmaster; master &c. 745; leader,
ringleader, demagogue, corypheus, conductor, fugleman[obs3],
precentor[obs3], bellwether, agitator; caporal[obs3],
choregus[obs3], collector, file leader, flugelman[obs3],
linkboy[obs3].
guiding star &c. (guidance)
693; adviser &c. 695; guide &c.
(information) 527; pilot; helmsman; steersman, steermate[obs3];
wire-puller.
driver, whip, Jehu,
charioteer; coachman, carman, cabman; postilion,
vetturino[obs3], muleteer, arriero[obs3], teamster;
whipper in.
head, head man, head
center, boss; principal, president, speaker;
chair, chairman, chairwoman, chairperson; captain
&c. (master) 745; superior; mayor &c. (civil authority)
745; vice president, prime minister, premier, vizier,
grand vizier, eparch[obs3].
officer, functionary,
minister, official, red-tapist[obs3],
bureaucrat; man in office, Jack in office; office
bearer; person in authority &c. 745.
statesman, strategist,
legislator, lawgiver, politician, statist|!,
statemonger[obs3]; Minos, Draco; arbiter &c. (judge)
967; boss [U.S.], political dictator.
board &c. (council)
696.
secretary, secretary
of state; Reis Effendi; vicar &c. (deputy) 759;
steward, factor; agent &c. 758; bailiff, middleman;
foreman, clerk of works; landreeve[obs3]; factotum,
major-domo[obs3], seneschal, housekeeper, shepherd,
croupier; proctor, procurator.
Adv. ex officio.
#695. Advice. —
N. advice, counsel, adhortation|; word to the wise;
suggestion, submonition|, recommendation, advocacy;
advisement.
exhortation &c. (persuasion)
615; expostulation &c. (dissuasion) 616;
admonition &c. (warning) 668; guidance &c. (direction)
693.
instruction, charge,
injunction, obtestation[obs3]; Governor’s
message, President’s message; King’s message,
Queen’s speech; message, speech from the throne.
adviser, prompter; counsel,
counselor; monitor, mentor, Nestor, magnus
Apollo[Lat][obs3], senator; teacher &c. 540.
guide, manual, chart
&c. (information) 527.
physician, doctor, leech|!,
archiater[obs3].
arbiter &c. (judge)
967.
reference, referment[obs3];
consultation, conference, pourparler.
V. advise, counsel;
give advice, give counsel, give a piece of
advice[Fr]; suggest, prompt, submonish[obs3], recommend,
prescribe, advocate; exhort &c. (persuade) 615.
enjoin, enforce, charge,
instruct, call; call upon &c. (request) 765;
dictate.
expostulate &c. (dissuade)
616; admonish &c. (warn) 668.
advise with; lay heads
together, consult together; compare notes; hold
a council, deliberate, be closeted with.
confer, consult, refer
to, call in; take advice, follow advice; be
advised by, have at one’s elbow, take one’s
cue from.
Adj. recommendatory;
hortative &c. (persuasive) 615; dehortatory &c.
(dissuasive) 616[obs3]; admonitory &c. (warning) 668.
Int. go to!
Phr. “give every
man thine ear but few thy voice” [Hamlet]; “I
pray
thee cease thy counsel” [Much Ado About Nothing];
“my guide, philosopher, and friend” [Pope];
“’twas good advice and meant, my son be
good” [Crabbe]; verbum sat sapienti [Latin:
a word to the wise is sufficient]; vive memor leti[Lat];
“we, ask advice but we mean approbation”
[Colton].
— p. 225 —
#696. Council.
— N. council, committee, subcommittee, comitia[Lat],
court, chamber, cabinet, board, bench, staff.
senate, senatus[Lat],
parliament, chamber of deputies, directory,
reichsrath[Ger], rigsdag, cortes[Sp], storthing[obs3],
witenagemote[obs3], junta, divan, musnud[obs3], sanhedrim;
classis[obs3]; Amphictyonic council[obs3]; duma[Russ],
house of representatives; legislative assembly, legislative
council; riksdag[obs3], volksraad[Ger], witan[obs3],
caput[obs3], consistory, chapter, syndicate; court
of appeal &c. (tribunal) 966; board of control, board
of works; vestry; county council, local board.
audience chamber, council
chamber, state chamber.
cabinet council, privy
council; cockpit, convocation, synod, congress,
convention, diet, states-general.
[formal gathering of
members of a council: script] assembly, caucus,
conclave, clique, conventicle; meeting, sitting, seance,
conference, convention, exhibition, session, palaver,
pourparler, durbar[obs3], house; quorum; council fire
#697. Precept.
— N. precept, direction, instruction, charge;
prescript, prescription; recipe, receipt; golden rule;
maxim &c. 496.
rule, canon, law, code,
corpus juris[Lat], lex scripta[Lat], act,
statute, rubric, stage direction, regulation; form,
formula, formulary; technicality; canon law; norm.
order &c. (command)
741.
#698. Skill. —
N. skill, skillfulness, address; dexterity,
dexterousness; adroitness, expertness &c. adj.; proficiency,
competence, technical competence, craft, callidity[obs3],
facility, knack, trick, sleight; mastery, mastership,
excellence, panurgy[obs3]; ambidexterity, ambidextrousness[obs3];
sleight of hand &c. (deception) 545.
seamanship, airmanship,
marksmanship, horsemanship; rope-dancing.
accomplishment, acquirement,
attainment; art, science; technicality,
technology; practical knowledge, technical knowledge.
knowledge of the world,
world wisdom, savoir faire[Fr]; tact; mother
wit &c. (sagacity) 498; discretion &c. (caution)
864; finesse; craftiness &c. (cunning) 702; management
&c. (conduct) 692; self-help.
cleverness, talent,
ability, ingenuity, capacity, parts, talents,
faculty, endowment, forte, turn, gift, genius; intelligence
&c. 498; sharpness, readiness &c. (activity) 682;
invention &c. 515; aptness, aptitude; turn for, capacity
for, genius for; felicity, capability, curiosa felicitas[Lat],
qualification, habilitation.
proficient &c. 700.
masterpiece, coup de
maitre[Fr], chef d’euvre[Fr], tour de force;
good
stroke &c. (plan) 626.
V. be skillful &c. adj.;
excel in, be master of; have a turn for &c.
n.
know what’s what,
know a hawk from a handsaw, know what one is about,
know on which side one’s bread is buttered,
know what’s o’clock; have cut one’s
eye teeth, have cut one’s wisdom teeth.
see one’s way,
see where the wind lies, see which way the wind blows;
have all one’s wits about one, have one’s
hand in; savoir vivre[Fr]; scire quid valeant humeri
quid ferre recusent[Lat][obs3].
look after the main
chance; cut one’s coat according to one’s
cloth;
live by one’s wits; exercise one’s discretion,
feather the oar, sail near the wind; stoop to conquer
&c. (cunning) 702; play one’s cards well, play
one’s best card; hit the right nail on the head,
put the saddle on the right horse.
take advantage of, make
Page 354
the most of; profit by &e. (use) 677; make a
hit &c. (succeed) 731; make a virtue of necessity;
make hay while the sun shines &c. (occasion) 134.
Adj. skillful, dexterous,
adroit, expert, apt, handy, quick, deft,
ready, gain; slick, smart &c. (active) 682; proficient,
good at, up to, at home in, master of, a good hand
at, au fait, thoroughbred, masterly, crack, accomplished;
conversant &c. (knowing) 490.
experienced, practiced,
skilled, hackneyed; up in, well up in; in
practice, in proper cue; competent, efficient, qualified,
capable, fitted, fit for, up to the mark, trained,
initiated, prepared, primed, finished.
clever, cute, able,
ingenious, felicitous, gifted, talented, endowed;
inventive &c. 515; shrewd, sharp, on the ball &c.
(intelligent) 498; cunning &c. 702; alive to, up to
snuff, not to be caught with chaff; discreet.
neat-handed, fine-fingered,
nimble-fingered, ambidextrous, sure-
footed; cut out for, fitted for.
technical, artistic,
scientific, daedalian[obs3], shipshape; workman-
like, business-like, statesman-like.
Adv. skillfully &c.
adj.; well &c. 618; artistically; with skill,
with consummate skill; secundum artem[Lat], suo Marte;
to the best of one’s abilities &c. (exertion)
686.
Phr. ars celare artem[Lat];
artes honorabit[Lat]; celui qui veut
celui-la peut[Fr]; c’est une grande habilite
que de savoir cacher sonhabilite[Fr]; expertus metuit
[Lat][Horace]; es bildet ein Talent sich in der Stille
sich ein Charakter in dem Strom der Welt[Ger]; “heart
to conceive the understanding to direct, or the hand
to execute” [Junius]; if you have lemons, make
lemonade.
— p. 226 —
#699. Unskillfulness.
— N. unskillfulness &c. adj.; want of skill
&c.
698; incompetence, incompentency[obs3]; inability,
infelicity, indexterity[obs3], inexperience; disqualification,
unproficiency[obs3]; quackery.
folly, stupidity &c.
499; indiscretion &c. (rashness) 863;
thoughtlessness &c. (inattention) 458 (neglect) 460;
sabotage.
mismanagement, misconduct;
impolicy[obs3]; maladministration; misrule,
misgovernment, misapplication, misdirection, misfeasance;
petticoat government.
absence of rule, rule
of thumb; bungling &c. v.; failure &c. 732;
screw loose; too many cooks.
blunder &c. (mistake)
495; etourderie gaucherie[Fr], act of folly,
balourdise[obs3]; botch, botchery[obs3]; bad job,
sad work.
sprat sent out to catch
a whale, much ado about nothing, wild-goose
chase.
bungler &c. 701; fool
&c. 501.
V. be unskillful &c.
adj.; not see an inch beyond one’s nose; blunder,
bungle, boggle, fumble, botch, bitch, flounder, stumble,
trip; hobble &c. 275; put one’s foot in it;
make a mess of, make hash of, make sad work of; overshoot
the mark.
play tricks with, play
Puck, mismanage, misconduct, misdirect,
misapply, missend.
— p. 227 —
#700. Proficient.
— N. proficient, expert, adept, dab; dabster[obs3],
crackerjack; connoisseur &c. (scholar) 492; master,
master hand; prima donna[Sp], first fiddle, top gun,
chef de cuisine, top sawyer; protagonist; past master;
mahatma.
picked man; medallist,
prizeman[obs3].
veteran; old stager,
old campaigner, old soldier, old file, old hand;
man of business, man of the world.
nice hand, good hand,
clean hand; practiced hand, experienced eye,
experienced hand; marksman; good shot, dead shot,
crack shot; ropedancer, funambulist[obs3], acrobat;
cunning man; conjuror &c. (deceiver) 548; wizard &c.
994.
genius; mastermind,
master head, master spirit.
cunning blade, sharp
blade, sharp fellow; jobber; cracksman &c.
(thief) 792[obs3]; politician, tactician, strategist.
pantologist[obs3], admirable
Crichton, Jack of all trades; prodigy of
learning.
#701. Bungler.
— N. bungler; blunderer, blunderhead[obs3];
marplot,
fumbler, lubber, duffer, dauber, stick; bad hand,
poor hand, poor shot; butterfingers[obs3].
no conjurer, flat, muff,
slow coach, looby[obs3], lubber, swab; clod,
yokel, awkward squad, blanc-bec; galoot[obs3].
land lubber; fresh water
sailor, fair weather sailor; horse marine;
fish out of water, ass in lion’s skin, jackdaw
in peacock’s feathers; quack &c. (deceiver)
548; lord of misrule.
sloven, slattern, trapes[obs3].
amateur, novice, greenhorn
(learner) 541.
Phr. il n’a pas
invente’ la poudre[Fr]; he will never set the
Thames
on fire; acierta errando[Lat]; aliquis in omnibus
nullus in singulis[Lat][obs3].
#702. Cunning.
— N. cunning, craft; cunningness[obs3],
craftiness &c.
adj.; subtlety, artificiality; maneuvering &c. v.;
temporization; circumvention.
chicane, chicanery;
sharp practice, knavery, jugglery[obs3];
concealment &c. 528; guile, doubling, duplicity &c.
(falsehood) 544; foul play.
diplomacy, politics;
Machiavelism; jobbery, backstairs influence.
art, artifice; device,
machination; plot &c. (plan) 626; maneuver,
stratagem, dodge, sidestep, artful dodge, wile; trick,
trickery &c. (deception) 545; ruse, ruse de guerre[Fr];
finesse, side blow, thin end of the wedge, shift,
go by, subterfuge, evasion; white lie &c (untruth)
546; juggle, tour de force; tricks of the trade, tricks
upon travelers; espieglerie[Fr]; net, trap &c. 545.
Ulysses, Machiavel,
sly boots, fox, reynard; Scotchman; Jew, Yankee;
intriguer, intrigant[obs3]; floater [U.S.], Indian
giver [U.S.], keener [U.S.], repeater [U.S. politics].
V. be cunning &c. adj.;
have cut one’s eyeteeth; contrive &c (plan)
626; live by one’s wits; maneuver; intrigue,
gerrymander, finesse, double, temporize, stoop to
conquer, reculer pour mieux sauter[Fr], circumvent,
steal a march upon; overreach &c. 545; throw off one’s
guard; surprise &c. 508; snatch a verdict; waylay,
— p. 228 —
#703. Artlessness.
— N. artlessness &c. adj; nature, simplicity;
innocence &c. 946; bonhomie, naivete, abandon, candor,
sincerity; singleness of purpose, singleness of heart;
honesty &c. 939; plain speaking; epanchement[Fr].
rough diamond, matter
of fact man; le palais de verite[Fr]; enfant
terrible[Fr].
V. be artless &c. adj;
look one in the face; wear one’s heart upon his
sleeves for daws to peck at[obs3]; think aloud; speak
out, speak one’s mind; be free with one, call
a spade a spade.
Adj. artless, natural,
pure, native, confiding, simple, lain,
inartificial[obs3], untutored, unsophisticated, ingenu[obs3],
unaffected, naive; sincere, frank; open, open as day;
candid, ingenuous, guileless; unsuspicious, honest
&c. 939; innocent &c. 946; Arcadian[obs3]; undesigning,
straightforward, unreserved, aboveboard; simple-minded,
single-minded; frank-hearted, open-hearted, single-hearted,
simple-hearted.
free-spoken, plain-spoken,
outspoken; blunt, downright, direct, matter
of fact, unpoetical[obs3]; unflattering.
Adv. in plain words,
in plain English; without mincing the matter; not
to mince the matter &c. (affirmation) 535.
Phr. Davus sum
non Oedipus [Terence]; liberavi animam meam[Lat]; “as
frank as rain on cherry blossoms” [E.B.
Browning].
% Section IV. ANTAGONISM
1. Conditional Antagonism %
#704. Difficulty.
— N. difficulty; hardness &c. adj.;
impracticability &c. (impossibility) 471; tough work,
hard work, uphill work; hard task, Herculean task,
Augean task[obs3]; task of Sisyphus, Sisyphean labor,
tough job, teaser, rasper[obs3], dead lift.
dilemma, embarrassment;
deadlock; perplexity &c. (uncertainty) 475;
intricacy; entanglement, complexity &c. 59; cross
— p. 229 —
#705. Facility.
— N. facility, ease; easiness &c. adj.;
capability;
feasibility &c. (practicability) 470; flexibility,
pliancy &c. 324; smoothness &c. 255.
plain sailing, smooth
sailing, straight sailing; mere child’s play,
holiday task; cinch [U.S.].
smooth water, fair wind;
smooth royal road; clear coast, clear stage;
tabula rasa[Lat]; full play &c. (freedom) 748.
disencumbrance[obs3],
disentanglement; deoppilation|!; permission &c.
760.
simplicity, lack of
complication.
V. be easy &c. adj.;
go on smoothly, run smoothly; have full play &c.
n.; go on all fours, run on all fours; obey the helm,
work well.
flow with the stream,
swim with the stream, drift with the stream, go
with the stream, flow with the tide, drift with the
tide; see one’s way; have all one’s own
way, have the game in one’s own hands; walk over
the course, win at a canter; make light of, make nothing
of, make no bones of.
be at home in, make
it look easy, do it with one’s eyes closed, do
it
in one’s sleep &c. (skillful) 698.
render easy &c. adj.;
facilitate, smooth, ease; popularize; lighten,
— p. 230 —
#706. Hindrance.
— N. prevention, preclusion, obstruction,
stoppage;
embolus, embolism [medical]; infarct [medical]; interruption,
interception, interclusion|; hindrance, impedition|;
retardment[obs3], retardation; embarrassment, oppilation|!;
coarctation[obs3], stricture, restriction; restraint
&c. 751; inhibition &c. 761; blockade &c. (closure)
261.
interference, interposition;
obtrusion; discouragement,
discountenance.
impediment, let, obstacle,
obstruction, knot, knag[obs3]; check,
hitch, contretemps, screw loose, grit in the oil.
bar, stile, barrier;
[barrier to vehicles]
turnstile, turnpike; gate, portcullis.
beaver dam; trocha[obs3];
barricade &c. (defense) 717; wall, dead
wall, sea wall, levee breakwater, groyne[obs3]; bulkhead,
block, buffer; stopper &c. 263; boom, dam, weir, burrock[obs3].
drawback, objection;
stumbling-block, stumbling-stone; lion in the
path, snag; snags and sawyers.
encumbrance, incumbrance[obs3];
clog, skid, shoe, spoke; drag, drag
chain, drag weight; stay, stop; preventive, prophylactic;
load, burden, fardel[obs3], onus, millstone round
one’s neck, impedimenta; dead weight; lumber,
pack; nightmare, Ephialtes[obs3], incubus, old man
of the sea; remora.
difficulty &c. 704;
insuperable &c. 471; obstacle; estoppel [Law]; ill
wind; head wind &c. (opposition) 708; trammel, tether
&c. (means of restraint) 752; hold back, counterpoise.
[person who hinders]
damper, wet blanket, hinderer, marplot, killjoy;
— p. 231 —
#707. Aid. —
N. aid, aidance[obs3]; assistance, help, opitulation|,
succor; support, lift, advance, furtherance, promotion;
coadjuvancy &c. (cooperation) 709[obs3].
patronage, championship,
countenance, favor, interest, advocacy.
sustentation, subvention,
alimentation, nutrition, nourishment;
eutrophy; manna in the wilderness; food &c. 298; means
&c. 632.
ministry, ministration;
subministration[obs3]; accommodation.
relief, rescue; help
at a dead lift; supernatural aid; deus ex
machina[Lat].
supplies, reinforcements,
reenforcements[obs3], succors, contingents,
recruits; support &c. (physical) 215; adjunct, ally
— p. 232 —
#708. Opposition.
— N.. opposition, antagonism; oppugnancy[obs3],
oppugnation[obs3]; impugnation|!; contrariety; contravention;
counteraction &c. 179; counterplot.
cross fire, undercurrent,
head wind.
clashing, collision,
conflict.
competition, two of
a trade, rivalry, emulation, race.
absence of aid &c. 708;
#709. Cooperation.
— N. cooperation; coadjuvancy[obs3],
coadjutancy[obs3]; coagency[obs3], coefficiency[obs3];
concert, concurrence, complicity, participation; union
&c. 43; additivity, combination &c. 48; collusion.
association, alliance,
colleagueship[obs3],
joint stock, copartnership[obs3];
cartel; confederation &c. (party)
712; coalition, fusion; a long pull a strong pull
and a pull all together; logrolling, freemasonry.
unanimity &c. (assent)
488; esprit de corps, party spirit;
clanship[obs3], partisanship; concord &c 714.
synergy, coaction[obs3].
V. cooperate, concur;
coact[obs3], synergize.
conduce &c. 178; combine,
unite one’s efforts; keep together, draw
together, pull together, club together, hand together,
hold together, league together, band together, be
banded together; pool; stand shoulder to shoulder,
put shoulder to shoulder; act in concert, join forces,
— p. 233 —
#710. Opponent.
— N. opponent, antagonist, adversary; adverse
party,
opposition; enemy &c. 891; the other side; assailant.
oppositionist, obstructive;
brawler, wrangler, brangler[obs3],
disputant; filibuster [U.S.], obstructionist.
malcontent; Jacobin,
Fenian; demagogue, reactionist[obs3].
rival, competitor.
bete noir[Fr].
#711. Auxiliary.
— N. auxiliary; recruit; assistant; adjuvant,
adjutant; ayudante[obs3], coaid[obs3]; adjunct; help,
helper, help mate, helping hand; midwife; colleague,
partner, mate, confrere, cooperator; coadjutor, coadjutrix[obs3];
collaborator.
ally; friend &c. 890,
confidant, fidus Achates[Lat][obs3], pal, buddy,
alter ego.
[criminal law] confederate;
accomplice; complice; accessory, accessory
after the fact; particeps criminis[Lat]; socius criminis[Lat].
aide-de-camp, secretary,
clerk, associate, marshal; right-hand, right-
hand man, Friday, girl Friday, man Friday, gopher,
gofer; candle-holder, bottle-holder; handmaid; servant
&c. 746; puppet, cat’s-paw, jackal|!.
tool, dupe, stooge,
ame damnee[Fr]; satellite, adherent.
votary; sectarian, secretary;
seconder, backer, upholder, abettor,
advocate, partisan, champion, patron, friend at court,
mediator; angel [theater, entertainment].
friend in need, Jack
at a pinch, deus ex machina[Lat], guardian angel,
tutelary genius.
#712. Party. —
N. party, faction, side, denomination, communion, set,
crew, band. horde, posse, phalanx; family, clan, &c.
166; team; tong.
council &c. 696.
community, body, fellowship,
sodality, solidarity; confraternity;
familistere[obs3], familistery[obs3]; brotherhood,
sisterhood.
knot, gang, clique,
ring, circle, group, crowd, in-crowd; coterie,
club, casino|!; machine; Tammany, Tammany Hall [U.S.].
corporation, corporate
body, guild; establishment, company;
copartnership[obs3], partnership; firm, house; joint
concern, joint-stock company; cahoot, combine [U.S.],
trust.
society, association;
institute, institution; union; trades union;
league, syndicate, alliance, Verein[Ger], Bund[Ger],
Zollverein[Ger], combination; Turnverein[Ger]; league
offensive and defensive, alliance offensive and defensive;
coalition; federation; confederation, confederacy;
junto, cabal, camarilla[obs3], camorra[obs3], brigue|;
freemasonry; party spirit &c. (cooperation) 709.
Confederates, Conservatives,
Democrats, Federalists, Federals,
Freemason, Knight Templar; Kuklux, Kuklux Klan, KKK;
Liberals, Luddites, Republicans, Socialists, Tories,
Whigs &c.
staff; dramatis personae[Lat].
V. unite, join; club
together &c. (cooperate) 709; cement a party,
form a party &c. n.; associate &c. (assemble) 72;
enleague[obs3], federalize, go cahoots.
Adj. in league, in
partnership, in alliance &c. n.
bonded together, banded
together, linked &c. (joined) 43- together;
embattled; confederated, federative, joint.
Adv. hand in hand, side
by side, shoulder to shoulder, en masse, in the
same boat.
#713. Discord.
— N. disagreement &c. 24; discord, disaccord[obs3],
dissidence, dissonance; jar, clash, shock; jarring,
jostling &c. v.; screw loose.
variance, difference,
dissension, misunderstanding, cross purposes,
odds, brouillerie[Fr]; division, split, rupture, disruption,
division in the camp, house divided against itself,
disunion, breach; schism &c. (dissent) 489; feud,
faction.
quarrel, dispute, tiff,
tracasserie[obs3], squabble, altercation,
barney [obs3], demel, snarl, spat, towrow[obs3],
words, high words; wrangling &c. v.; jangle, brabble[obs3],
cross questions and crooked answers, snip-snap; family
jars.
polemics; litigation;
strife &c. (contention) 720; warfare &c. 722;
outbreak, open rupture, declaration of war.
broil, brawl, row, racket,
hubbub, rixation|; embroilment,
embranglement[obs3], imbroglio, fracas, breach of
the peace, piece of work[Fr], scrimmage, rumpus; breeze,
squall; riot, disturbance &c (disorder) 59; commotion
&c. (agitation) 315; bear garden, Donnybrook, Donnybrook
Fair.
subject of dispute,
ground of quarrel, battle ground, disputed point;
bone of contention, bone to pick; apple of discord,
casus belli[Lat]; question at issue &c. (subject of
Page 366
inquiry) 461; vexed question, vexata quaestio[Lat],
brand of discord.
troublous times[obs3];
cat-and-dog life; contentiousness &c. adj.;
enmity &c. 889; hate &c. 898; Kilkenny cats; disputant
&c. 710; strange bedfellows.
V. be discordant &c.
adj.; disagree, come amiss &c. 24; clash, jar,
jostle, pull different ways, conflict, have no measures
with, misunderstand one another; live like cat and
dog; differ; dissent &c. 489; have a bone to pick,
have a crow to pluck with.
fall out, quarrel, dispute;
litigate; controvert &c. (deny) 536;
squabble, wrangle, jangle, brangle[obs3], bicker,
nag; spar &c. (contend) 720; have words &c. n. with;
fall foul of.
split; break with, break
squares with, part company with; declare war,
try conclusions; join issue, put in issue; pick a
quarrel, fasten a quarrel on; sow dissension, stir
up dissension &c. n.; embroil, entangle, disunite,
widen the breach; set at odds, set together by the
ears; set against, pit against.
get into hot water,
fish in troubled waters, brawl; kick up a row,
kick up a dust; turn the house out of window.
Adj. discordant; disagreeing
&c. v.; out of tune, ajar, on bad terms,
dissentient &c. 489; unreconciled, unpacified; contentious
&c. 720.
quarrelsome, unpacific[obs3];
gladiatorial, controversial, polemic,
disputatious; factious; litigious, litigant; pettifogging.
at odds, at loggerheads,
at daggers drawn, at variance, at issue, at
cross purposes, at sixes and sevens, at feud, at high
words; up in arms, together by the ears, in hot water,
embroiled.
torn, disunited.
Phr. quot homines tot
sententiae [Lat][Terence]; no love lost between
them, non nostrum tantas componere lites [Lat][Vergil];
Mars gravior sub pace latet [Lat][Claudius].
— p. 234 —
#714. Concord.
— N. concord, accord, harmony, symphony;
homologue;
agreement &c. 23; sympathy, empathy &c. (love) 897;
response; union, unison, unity; bonds of harmony;
peace &c. 721; unanimity &c. (assent) 488; league
&c. 712; happy family.
rapprochement; reunion;
amity &c. (friendship) 888; alliance, entente
cordiale[Fr], good understanding, conciliation, peacemaker;
intercessor, mediator.
V. agree &c. 23; accord,
harmonize with; fraternize; be -concordant
&c. adj.; go hand in hand; run parallel &c. (concur)
178; understand one another, pull together &c. (cooperate)
709; put up one’s horses together, sing in chorus.
side with, sympathize
with, go with, chime in with, fall in with; come
round; be pacified &c. 723; assent &c. 488; empathize
with, enter into the ideas of, enter into the feelings
of; reciprocate.
hurler avec les loups[Fr];
go with the stream, swim with the stream.
keep in good humor,
render accordant, put in tune; come to an
understanding, meet halfway; keep the peace, remain
at peace.
Adj. concordant, congenial;
#715. Defiance.
— N. defiance; daring &. v.; dare; challenge,
cartel|!; threat &c. 909; war cry, war whoop.
chest-beating, chest-thumping;
saber rattling.
V. defy, dare, beard;
brave &c. (courage) 861; bid defiance to; set at
defiance, set at naught; hurl defiance at; dance the
war dance, beat the war drums; snap the fingers at,
laugh to scorn; disobey &c. 742.
show fight, show one’s
teeth, show a bold front; bluster, look big,
stand akimbo, beat one’s chest; double the fist,
shake the fist; threaten &c. 909.
challenge, call out;
throw down the gauntlet, fling down the gauntlet,
fling down the gage, fling down the glove, throw down
the glove.
Adj. defiant; defying
&c. v.;"with arms akimbo”.
Adv. in defiance of,
in the teeth of; under one’s very nose.
Int. do your worst!
come if you dare! come on! marry come up! hoity
toity|!
Phr. noli me tangere[Lat];
nemo me impune lacessit[Lat]; don’t tread
on me; don’t you dare; don’t even think
of it; “Go ahead, make my day!” [Dirty
Harry].
— p. 235 —
#716. Attack. —
N. attack; assault, assault and battery; onset,
onslaught, charge.
aggression, offense;
incursion, inroad, invasion; irruption; outbreak;
estrapade[obs3], ruade[obs3]; coupe de main, sally,
sortie, camisade[obs3], raid, foray; run at, run against;
dead set at.
storm, storming; boarding,
escalade[obs3]; siege, investment,
obsession|!, bombardment, cannonade.
fire, volley; platoon
fire, file fire; fusillade; sharpshooting,
broadside; raking fire, cross fire; volley of grapeshot,
whiff of the grape, feu d’enfer [Fr].
cut, thrust, lunge,
pass, passado[obs3], carte and tierce[Fr][obs3],
home thrust; coupe de bec[Fr]; kick, punch &c. (impulse)
276.
battue[obs3], razzia[obs3],
Jacquerie, dragonnade[obs3]; devastation
&c. 162; eboulement[Fr].
assailant, aggressor,
invader.
base of operations,
point of attack; echelon.
V. attack, assault,
assail; invade; set upon, fall upon; charge,
impugn, break a lance with, enter the lists.
assume the offensive,
take the offensive; be the aggressor, become the
aggressor; strike the first blow, draw first blood,
throw the first stone at; lift a hand against, draw
the sword against; take up the cudgels; advance against,
march against; march upon, harry; come on, show fight.
strike at, poke at,
thrust at; aim a blow at, deal a blow at; give one
#717. Defense —
N. defense, protection, guard, ward; shielding &c.v.;
propugnation|, preservation &c. 670; guardianship.
area defense; site defense.
self-defense, self-preservation;
resistance &c. 719.
safeguard &c. (safety)
664; balistraria[obs3]; bunker, screen &c.
(shelter) 666; camouflage &c. (concealment) 530; fortification;
munition, muniment[obs3]; trench, foxhole; bulwark,
fosse[obs3], moat, ditch, entrenchment, intrenchment[obs3];
kila[obs3]; dike, dyke; parapet, sunk fence, embankment,
mound, mole, bank, sandbag, revetment; earth work,
field-work; fence, wall dead wall, contravallation[obs3];
paling &c. (inclosure) 232; palisade, haha, stockade,
stoccado[obs3], laager[obs3], sangar[obs3]; barrier,
barricade; boom; portcullis, chevaux de frise[Fr];
abatis, abattis[obs3], abbatis[obs3]; vallum[obs3],
circumvallation[obs3], battlement, rampart, scarp;
escarp[obs3], counter-scarp; glacis, casemate[obs3];
vallation[obs3], vanfos[obs3].
buttress, abutment;
shore &c. (support) 215.
breastwork, banquette,
curtain, mantlet[obs3], bastion, redan[obs3],
ravelin[obs3]; vauntmure[obs3]; advance work, horn
— p. 236 —
#718. Retaliation.
— N. retaliation, reprisal, retort, payback;
counter-stroke, counter-blast, counterplot, counter-project;
retribution, lex talionis[Lat]; reciprocation &c.
(reciprocity) 12.
tit for tat, give and
take, blow for blow, quid pro quo, a Roland for
an Oliver, measure for measure, diamond cut diamond,
the biter bit, a game at which two can play; reproof
valiant, retort courteous.
recrimination &c. (accusation)
938; revenge &c. 919; compensation &c.
30; reaction &c. (recoil) 277.
#719. Resistance.
— N. resistance, stand, front, oppugnation[obs3];
oppugnancy[obs3]; opposition &c. 708; renitence[obs3],
renitency; reluctation[obs3], recalcitration[obs3];
kicking &c. v.
repulse, rebuff.
insurrection &c. (disobedience)
742; strike; turn out, lock out,
barring out; levee en masse[Fr], Jacquerie; riot &c.
(disorder) 59.
V. resist; not submit
&c. 725; repugn[obs3], reluct, reluctate[obs3],
withstand; stand up against, strive against, bear
up under, bear up against, be proof against, make
head against; stand, stand firm, stand one’s
ground, stand the brunt of, stand out; hold one’s
grounds, hold one’s own, hold out, hold firm.
breast the wave, breast
the current; stem the tide, stem the torrent;
face, confront, grapple with; show a bold front &c.
(courage) 861; present a front; make a stand, take
one’s stand.
kick, kick against;
recalcitrate[obs3], kick against the pricks;
oppose &c. 708; fly in the face of; lift the hand
against &c. (attack) 716; rise up in arms &c. (war)
722; strike, turn out; draw up a round robin &c. (remonstrate)
932; revolt &c. (disobey) 742; make a riot.
prendre le mors aux
dents [French: take the bit between the teeth];
sell one’s life dearly, die hard, keep at bay;
repel, repulse.
Adj. resisting &c.v.;
resistive, resistant; refractory &c.
(disobedient) 742; recalcitrant, renitent; up in arms.
repulsive, repellant.
proof against; unconquerable
&c. (strong) 159; stubborn, unconquered;
indomitable &c. (persevering) 604a; unyielding &c.
(obstinate) 606.
Int. hands off! keep
off!
— p. 237 —
#720. Contention.
— N. contention, strife; contest,
contestation[obs3]; struggle; belligerency; opposition
&c. 708.
controversy, polemics;
debate &c. (discussion) 476; war of words,
logomachy[obs3], litigation; paper war; high words
&c. (quarrel) 713; sparring &c. v.
competition, rivalry;
corrivalry[obs3], corrivalship[obs3], agonism|,
concours[obs3], match, race, horse racing, heat, steeple
chase, handicap; regatta; field day; sham fight, Derby
#721. Peace. —
N. peace; amity &c. (friendship) 888; harmony &c.
(concord) 714; tranquility, calm &c. (quiescence)
265; truce, peace treaty, accord &c. (pacification)
723; peace pipe, pipe of peace, calumet of peace.
piping time of peace,
quiet life; neutrality.
[symbol of peace] dove
of peace, white dove.
[person who favors peace]
dove.
pax Romana[Lat]; Pax
Americana[Lat][obs3].
V. be at peace; keep
the peace &c. (concord) 714.
make peace &c. 723.
Adj. pacific; peaceable,
peaceful; calm, tranquil, untroubled,
halcyon; bloodless; neutral.
dovish
Phr. the storm blown
over; the lion lies down with the lamb; “all
quiet on the Potomac”; paritur pax bello [Lat][Nepos];
“peace hath her victories no less renowned than
war” [Milton]; “they make a desert and
they call it peace”.
— p. 238 —
#722. Warfare.
— N. warfare; fighting &c.v.; hostilities;
war, arms,
the sword; Mars, Bellona, grim visaged war, horrida
bella[Lat]; bloodshed.
appeal to arms, appeal
to the sword; ordeal of battle; wager of
battle; ultima ratio regum[Lat], arbitrament of the
sword.
battle array, campaign,
crusade, expedition, operations; mobilization;
state of siege; battlefield, theater of operations
&c. (arena) 728; warpath.
art of war, tactics,
strategy, castrametation[obs3]; generalship;
soldiership; logistics; military evolutions, ballistics,
gunnery; chivalry.
gunpowder, shot.
battle, tug of war &c.
(contention) 720; service, campaigning, active
service, tented field; kriegspiel[Ger], Kriegsspiel[Ger];
fire cross, trumpet, clarion, bugle, pibroch[obs3],
slogan; war-cry, war-whoop; battle cry, beat of drum,
rappel, tom-tom; calumet of war; word of command;
password, watchword; passage d-armes[Fr].
war to the death, war
to the knife; guerre a mort[Fr], guerre a
outrance[Fr][obs3]; open war, internecine war, civil
war.
V. arm; raise troops,
mobilize troops; raise up in arms; take up the
cudgels &c. 720; take up arms, fly to arms, appeal
to arms, fly to the sword; draw the sword, unsheathe
the sword; dig up the hatchet, dig up the tomahawk;
go to war, wage war, ‘let slip the dogs of war’
[Julius Caesar]; cry havoc; kindle the torch of war,
light the torch of war; raise one’s banner,
raise the fire cross; hoist the black flag; throw away,
fling away the scabbard; enroll, enlist; take the
field; take the law into one’s own hands; do
battle, give battle, join battle, engage in battle,
go to battle; flesh one’s sword; set to, fall
to, engage, measure swords with, draw the trigger,
cross swords; come to blows, come to close quarters;
fight; combat; contend &c. 720; battle with, break
a lance with.
[pirates engage in battle]
raise the jolly roger, run up the jolly
roger.
serve; see service,
be on service, be on active service; campaign;
#723. Pacification.
— N. pacification, conciliation; reconciliation,
reconcilement; shaking of hands, accommodation, arrangement,
adjustment; terms, compromise; amnesty, deed of release.
peace offering; olive
branch; calumet of peace, preliminaries of
peace.
truce, armistice; suspension
of arms, suspension of hostilities,
stand-down; breathing time; convention; modus vivendi[Lat];
flag of truce, white flag, parlementaire[Fr], cartel|!.
hollow truce, pax in
bello[Lat]; drawn battle.
V. pacify, tranquilize,
compose; allay &c. (moderate) 174; reconcile,
propitiate, placate, conciliate, meet halfway, hold
out the olive branch, heal the breach, make peace,
restore harmony, bring to terms.
settle matters, arrange
matters, accommodate matters, accommodate
differences; set straight; make up a quarrel, tantas
componere lites[Lat]; come to an understanding, come
to terms; bridge over, hush up; make it, make matters
up; shake hands; mend one’s fences [U.S.].
raise a siege, lift
a siege; put up the sword, sheathe the sword; bury
the hatchet, lay down one’s arms, turn swords
into plowshares; smoke the calumet of peace, close
the temple of Janus; keep the peace &c. (concord)
714; be pacified &c.; come round.
Adj. conciliatory; composing
&c.v.; pacified &c.v.
Phr. requiescat in pace[Lat].
— p. 239 —
#724. Mediation.
— N. mediation, mediatorship[obs3],
mediatization[obs3]; intervention, interposition,
interference, intermeddling, intercession; arbitration;
flag of truce &c. 723; good offices, peace offering;
parley, negotiation;
diplomatics[obs3], diplomacy; compromise &c. 774.
[person who mediates]
mediator, arbitrator, intercessor, peacemaker,
makepeace[obs3], negotiator, go-between; diplomatist
&c. (consignee) 758; moderator; propitiator; umpire.
V. mediate, mediatize[obs3];
intercede, interpose, interfere,
intervene; step in, negotiate; meet halfway; arbitrate;
magnas componere lites[Lat].
bargain &c. 794
Adj. mediatory.
#725. Submission.
— N. submission, yielding; nonresistance;
obedience
&c. 743.
surrender, cession,
capitulation, resignation; backdown[obs3].
obeisance, homage, kneeling,
genuflexion[obs3], courtesy, curtsy,
kowtow, prostration.
V. succumb, submit,
yeild, bend, resign, defer to.
lay down one’s
arms, deliver up one’s arms; lower colors, haul
down
colors, strike one’s flag, strike colors.
surrender, surrender
at discretion; cede, capitulate, come to terms,
retreat, beat a retreat; draw in one’s horns
&c. (humility) 879; give way, give round, give in,
give up; cave in; suffer judgment by default; bend,
bend to one’s yoke, bend before the storm; reel
back; bend down, knuckle down, knuckle to, knuckle
under; knock under.
eat dirt, eat the leek,
eat humble pie; bite the dust, lick the dust;
be at one’s feet, fall at one’s feet;
craven; crouch before, throw oneself at the feet of;
swallow the leek, swallow the pill; kiss the rod; turn
the other cheek; avaler les couleuvres[Fr], gulp down.
obey &c. 743; kneel
to, bow to, pay homage to, cringe to, truckle to;
bend the neck, bend the knee; kneel, fall on one’s
knees, bow submission, courtesy, curtsy, kowtow.
pocket the affront;
make the best of, make a virtue of necessity; grin
and abide, grin and bear it, shrug the shoulders,
resign oneself; submit with a good grace &c. (bear
with) 826.
Adj. surrendering &c.
v.; submissive, resigned, crouching;
downtrodden; down on one’s marrow bones; on
one’s bended knee; unresistant, unresisting,
nonresisting; pliant &c. (soft) 324; undefended.
untenable, indefensible;
humble &c. 879.
Phr. have it your own
way; it can’t be helped; amen &c. (assent) 488;
da locum melioribus[Lat]; tempori parendum[Lat].
#726. Combatant.
— N. combatant; disputant, controversialist,
polemic, litigant, belligerent; competitor, rival,
corrival[obs3]; fighter, assailant; champion, Paladin;
mosstrooper[obs3], swashbuckler fire eater, duelist,
bully, bludgeon man, rough.
prize fighter, pugilist,
boxer, bruiser, the fancy, gladiator,
athlete, wrestler; fighting-cock, game-cock;
— p. 240 —
#727. Arms. —
N. arm, arms; weapon, deadly weapon; armament,
armaments, armature; panoply, stand of arms; armor
&c. (defense) 717; armory &c. (store) 636; apparatus
belli[Lat].
ammunition; powder,
powder and shot; cartridge; ball cartridge,
cartouche, fireball; “villainous saltpeter”
[Hen. IV]; dumdum bullet.
explosive; gunpowder,
guncotton; mercury fulminate; picrates;
pentaerythritol tetranitrate[ISA:chemsub][Chemsub],
PETN.
high explosive; trinitrotoluene,
TNT; dynamite, melinite[obs3],
cordite, lyddite, plastic explosive, plastique; pyroxyline[obs3].
[knives and swords:
list] sword, saber, broadsword, cutlass,
falchion[obs3], scimitar, cimeter[obs3], brand, whinyard,
bilbo, glaive[obs3], glave[obs3], rapier, skean, Toledo,
Ferrara, tuck, claymore, adaga[obs3], baselard[obs3],
Lochaber ax, skean dhu[obs3], creese[obs3], kris,
dagger, dirk, banger[obs3], poniard, stiletto, stylet[obs3],
dudgeon, bayonet; sword-bayonet, sword-stick; side
arms, foil, blade, steel; ax, bill; pole-ax, battle-ax;
gisarme[obs3], halberd, partisan, tomahawk, bowie
knife[obs3]; ataghan[obs3], attaghan[obs3], yataghan[obs3];
yatacban[obs3]; assagai, assegai[obs3]; good sword,
trusty sword, naked sword; cold steel.
club, mace, truncheon,
staff, bludgeon, cudgel, life preserver,
shillelah, sprig; hand staff, quarter staff; bat,
cane, stick, knuckle duster; billy, blackjack, sandbag,
waddy[obs3].
gun, piece[Fr]; firearms;
artillery, ordnance; siege train, battering
train; park, battery; cannon, gun of position, heavy
gun, field piece[Fr], mortar, howitzer, carronade[obs3],
culverin[obs3], basilisk; falconet, jingal[obs3],
swivel, pederero[obs3], bouche a feu[Fr]; petard, torpedo;
mitrailleur[Fr], mitrailleuse[Fr]; infernal machine;
smooth bore, rifled cannon, Armstrong gun[obs3], Lancaster
gun, Paixhan gun, Whitworth gun, Parrott gun, Krupp
gun, Gatling gun, Maxim gun, machine gun; pompom[obs3];
ten pounder.
small arms; musket,
musketry, firelock[obs3], fowling piece[Fr],
rifle, fusil[obs3], caliver[obs3], carbine, blunderbuss,
musketoon[obs3], Brown Bess, matchlock, harquebuss[obs3],
arquebus, haguebut[obs3]; pistol, postolet[obs3];
petronel; small bore; breach-loader, muzzle-loader;
revolver, repeater; Minis rifle, Enfield rifle, Flobert
rifle, Westley Richards rifle, Snider rifle, Martini-Henry
rifle, Lee-Metford rifle, Lee-Enfield rifle, Mauser
rifle, magazine rifle; needle gun, chassepot[obs3];
wind gun, air gun; automatic gun, automatic pistol;
escopet[obs3], escopette[obs3], gunflint, gun-lock;
hackbut[obs3], shooter, shooting iron * [U.S.], six-shooter
[U.S.], shotgun; Uzzi, assault rifle, Kalashnikov.
bow, crossbow, balister[obs3],
catapult, sling; battering ram &c.
(impulse) 276; gunnery; ballistics &c. (propulsion)
284.
missile, bolt, projectile,
shot, ball; grape; grape shot, canister
shot, bar shot, cannon shot, langrel shot[obs3], langrage
— p. 241 —
#728. Arena. —
N. arena, field, platform; scene of action, theater;
walk, course; hustings; stare, boards &c. (playhouse)
599; amphitheater; Coliseum, Colosseum; Flavian amphitheater,
hippodrome, circus, race course, corso[Sp], turf,
cockpit, bear garden, playground, gymnasium, palestra,
ring, lists; tiltyard[obs3], tilting ground; Campus
Martins, Champ de Allars[obs3]; campus [U.S.].
boxing ring, canvas.
theater of war, seat
of war; battle-field, battle-ground; field of
battle, field of slaughter; Aceldama[obs3], camp;
the enemy’s camp; trusting place &c. (place
of meeting) 74.
%
Section V. RESULTS
OF VOLUNTARY ACTION
%
#729. Completion.
— N. completion, accomplishment, achievement,
fulfillment; performance, execution; despatch, dispatch;
consummation, culmination; finish, conclusion; close
&c. (end) 67; terminus &c. (arrival) 292; winding
up; finale, denouement, catastrophe, issue, upshot,
result; final touch, last touch, crowning touch, finishing
touch, finishing stroke; last finish, coup de grace;
crowning of the edifice; coping-stone, keystone; missing
link &c. 53; superstructure, ne plus ultra[Lat], work
done, fait accompli[Fr].
elaboration; finality;
completeness &c. 52.
V. effect[transitive],
effectuate; accomplish, achieve, compass,
consummate, hammer out; bring to maturity, bring to
perfection; perfect, complete; elaborate.
do, execute, make; go
through, get through; work out, enact; bring
about, bring to bear, bring to pass, bring through,
bring to a head.
despatch, dispatch;
knock off, finish off, polish off; make short work
of; dispose of, set at rest; perform, discharge, fulfill,
realize; put in practice, put in force; carry out,
carry into effect, carry into execution; make good;
be as good as one’s word.
do thoroughly, not do
by halves, go the whole hog; drive home; be in at
the death &c. (persevere) 604a; carry through, play
out, exhaust; fill the bill [U.S.].
finish, bring to a close
&c. (end) 67; wind up, stamp, clinch, seal,
set the seal on, put the seal; give the final touch
&c.n. to; put the last, put the finishing hand to,
put the finishing touches on; crown, crown all; cap.
[intransitive] ripen,
culminate; come to a head, come to a crisis;
#730. Noncompletion.
— N. noncompletion, nonfulfillment; shortcoming
&c. 304; incompleteness &c. 53; drawn battle, drawn
game; work of Penelope.
nonperformance, inexecution[obs3];
neglect &c. 460.
V. not complete &c.
729; leave unfinished &c. adj., leave undone,
drop, put down; neglect &c. 460; let alone, let slip;
lose sight of (forget) 506.
fall short of &c. 304;
do things by halves, parboil, scotch the snake
not lull it; hang fire; be slow to; collapse &c. 304.
drop out.
Adj. not completed &c.
v.; incomplete &c. 53; uncompleted, unfinished,
unaccomplished, unperformed, unexecuted; sketchy,
addle.
in progress, in hand;
ongoing, going on, proceeding; on one’s hands;
on the anvil; in the fire, in the oven.
parboiled, half-baked.
Adv. re infecta[Lat].
— p. 242 —
#731. Success.
— N. success, successfulness; speed; advance
&c.
(progress) 282.
trump card; hit, stroke,
score; lucky hit, fortunate hit, good hit,
good stroke; direct hit, bull’s eye; goal, point,
touchdown; home run, homer, hole-in-one, grand slam;
killing[make money], windfall bold stroke, master
stroke; ten strike [U.S.]; coup de maitre[Fr], checkmate;
half the battle, prize; profit &c. (acquisition) 775.
continued success; good
fortune &c. (prosperity) 734; time well spent.
advantage over; upper
hand, whip hand; ascendancy, mastery;
expugnation|, conquest, victory, subdual[obs3]; subjugation
&c. (subjection) 749.
triumph &c. (exultation)
884; proficiency &c. (skill) 698.
conqueror, victor, winner;
master of the situation, master of the
position, top of the heap, king of the hill; achiever,
success, success story.
V. succeed; be successful
&c. adj.; gain one’s end, gain one’s ends;
crown with success.
gain a point, attain
a point, carry a point, secure a point, win a
point, win an object; get there [U.S.]; manage
to, contrive to; accomplish &c. (effect, complete)
729; do wonders, work wonders; make a go of it.
come off well, come
off successful, come off with flying colors; make
short work of; take by storm, carry by storm; bear
Page 379
away the bell; win one’s wings, win one’s
spurs, win the battle; win the day, carry the day,
gain the day, gain the prize, gain the palm; have
the best of it, have it all one’s own way, have
the game in one’s owns hands, have the ball at
one’s feet, have one on the hop; walk over the
course; carry all before one, remain in possession
of the field; score a success.
speed; make progress
&c. (advance) 282; win one’s way, make one’s
way,
work one’s way, find one’s way; strive
to some purpose; prosper &c. 734; drive a roaring
trade; make profit &c. (acquire) 775; reap the fruits,
gather the fruits, reap the benefit of, reap the harvest;
strike oil [U.S.], gain a windfall; make one’s
fortune, get in the harvest, turn to good account;
turn to account &c. (use) 677.
triumph, be triumphant;
gain a victory, obtain a victory, gain an
advantage; chain victory to one’s car; nail
a coonskin to the wall.
surmount a difficulty,
overcome a difficulty, get over a difficulty,
get over an obstacle &c. 706; se tirer d’affaire[Fr];
make head against; stem the torrent, stem the tide,
stem the current; weather the storm, weather a point;
turn a corner, keep one’s head above water, tide
over; master; get the better of, have the better of,
gain the better of, gain the best of, gain the upper
hand, gain the ascendancy, gain the whip hand, gain
the start of; distance; surpass &c. (superiority) 33.
defeat, conquer, vanquish,
discomfit; euchre; overcome, overthrow,
overpower, overmaster, overmatch, overset[obs3], override,
overreach; outwit, outdo, outflank, outmaneuver, outgeneral,
outvote; take the wind out of one’s adversary’s
sails; beat, beat hollow; rout, lick, drub, floor,
worst; put down, put to flight, put to the rout, put
hors de combat[Fr], put out of court.
silence, quell, nonsuit[obs3],
checkmate, upset, confound, nonplus,
stalemate, trump; baffle &c. (hinder) 706; circumvent,
elude; trip up, trip up the heels of; drive into a
corner, drive to the wall; run hard, put one’s
nose out of joint.
settle, do for; break
the neck of, break the back of; capsize, sink,
shipwreck, drown, swamp; subdue; subjugate &c. (subject)
749; reduce; make the enemy bite the dust; victimize,
roll in the dust, trample under foot, put an extinguisher
upon.
answer, answer the purpose;
avail, prevail, take effect, do, turn out
well, work well, take, tell, bear fruit; hit it, hit
the mark, hit the right nail on the head; nick it;
turn up trumps, make a hit; find one’s account
in.
Adj. succeeding &c.
v.; successful; prosperous &c. 734; triumphant;
flushed with success, crowned with success; victorious,
on top; set up; in the ascendant; unbeaten &c. (see
beat &c. v.); well-spent; felicitous, effective, in
full swing.
Adv. successfully &c.
adj.; well flying colors, in triumph,
swimmingly; a merveille[Fr], beyond all hope; to some
purpose, to good purpose; to one’s heart’s
content.
— p. 243 —
#732. Failure.
— N. failure; nonsuccess[obs3], nonfulfillment;
dead
failure, successlessness[obs3]; abortion, miscarriage;
brutum fulmen &c. 158[Lat]; labor in vain &c. (inutility)
645; no go; inefficacy[obs3]; inefficaciousness &c.
adj.; vain attempt, ineffectual attempt, abortive
attempt, abortive efforts; flash in the pan, “lame
and impotent conclusion” [Othello]; frustration;
slip ’twixt cup and lip &c. (disappointment)
509.
blunder &c. (mistake)
495; fault, omission, miss, oversight, slip,
trip, stumble, claudication|, footfall; false step,
wrong step; faux pas[Fr], titubation[obs3], bvue[Fr],
faute[Fr], lurch; botchery &c. (want of skill) 699[obs3];
scrape, mess, fiasco, breakdown; flunk [U.S.].
mishap &c. (misfortune)
735; split, collapse, smash, blow, explosion.
repulse, rebuff, defeat,
rout, overthrow, discomfiture; beating,
drubbing; quietus, nonsuit[obs3], subjugation; checkmate,
stalemate, fool’s mate.
fall, downfall, ruin,
perdition; wreck &c. (destruction) 162;
deathblow; bankruptcy &c. (nonpayment) 808.
losing game, affaire
flambe.
victim; bankrupt; flunker[obs3],
flunky [U.S.].
V. fail; be unsuccessful
&c. adj.; not succeed &c. 731; make vain
efforts &c.n.; do in vain, labor in vain, toil in
vain; flunk [U.S.]; lose one’s labor, take nothing
by one’s motion; bring to naught, make nothing
of; wash a blackamoor white &c. (impossible) 471; roll
the stones of Sisyphus &c. (useless) 645; do by halves
&c. (not complete) 730; lose ground &c. (recede) 282;
fall short of &c. 304.
miss, miss one’s
aim, miss the mark, miss one’s footing, miss
stays;
slip, trip, stumble; make a slip &c., n. blunder &c.
495, make a mess of, make a botch of; bitch it|, miscarry,
abort, go up like a rocket and come down like the
stick, come down in flames, get shot down, reckon
without one’s host; get the wrong pig by the
tail, get the wrong sow by the ear &c. (blunder, mismanage)
699.
limp, halt, hobble,
titubate[obs3]; fall, tumble; lose one’s balance;
fall to the ground, fall between two stools; flounder,
falter, stick in the mud, run aground, split upon
a rock; beat one’s head against a stone wall,
run one’s head against a stone wall, knock one’s
head against a stone wall, dash one’s head against
#733. Trophy. —
N. trophy; medal, prize, palm, award; laurel,
laurels; bays, crown, chaplet, wreath, civic crown;
insignia &c. 550; feather in one’s cap &c. (honor)
873; decoration &c. 877; garland, triumphal arch,
Victoria Cross, Iron Cross.
triumph &c. (celebration)
883; flying colors &c. (show) 882.
monumentum aere perennius
[Lat][obs3][Hor.].
Phr. “for valor.”
— p. 244 —
— break out luck from prosperity —
#734. Prosperity.
— N. prosperity, welfare, well-being; affluence
&c. (wealth) 803; success &c. 731; thrift, roaring
trade; good fortune, smiles of fortune; blessings,
godsend.
luck; good luck, run
of luck; sunshine; fair weather, fair wind; palmy
days, bright days, halcyon days; piping times, tide,
flood, high tide.
Saturnia regna[Lat],
Saturnian age; golden time, golden age; bed of
roses, fat city [coll.]; fat of the land, milk and
honey, loaves and fishes.
made man, lucky dog,
enfant gate[Fr], spoiled child of fortune.
upstart, parvenu, skipjack[obs3],
mushroom.
V. prosper, thrive,
flourish; be prosperous &c adj.; drive a roaring
trade, do a booming business; go on well, go on smoothly,
go on swimmingly; sail before the wind, swim with
the tide; run smooth, run smoothly, run on all fours.
rise in the world, get
on in the world; work one’s way, make one’s
way; look up; lift one’s head, raise one’s
head, make one’s fortune, feather one’s
nest, make one’s pile.
flower, blow, blossom,
bloom, fructify, bear fruit, fatten.
keep oneself afloat;
keep one’s head above water, hold one’s
head
above water; land on one’s feet, light on one’s
feet, light on one’s legs, fall on one’s
legs, fall on one’s feet; drop into a good thing;
bear a charmed life; bask in the sunshine; have a
good time of it, have a fine time of it; have a run
of luck; have the good fortune &c. n. to; take a
favorable turn; live on the fat of the land, live off
the fat of the land, live in clover.
Adj. prosperous; thriving
&c. v.; in a fair way, buoyant; well off,
well to do, well to do in the world; set up, at one’s
ease; rich &c. 803; in good case; in full, in high
feather; fortunate, lucky, in luck; born with a silver
spoon in one’s mouth, born under a lucky star;
on the sunny side of the hedge.
auspicious, propitious,
providential.
palmy, halcyon; agreeable
&c. 829; couleur de rose[Fr].
Adv. prosperously &c.
adj.; swimmingly; as good luck would have it;
beyond all hope.
Phr. one’s star
in the ascendant, all for the best, one’s course
runs
smooth.
chacun est l’artisan
de sa fortune[Fr]; donec eris felix multos
numerabis amicos [Lat][Ovid]; felicitas multos habet
amicos[Lat]; felix se nescit amari [Lat][Lucan]; ‘good
luck go with thee’ [Henry V]; nulli est homini
perpetuum bonum [Lat][Plautus].
#735. Adversity.
— N. adversity, evil &c. 619; failure &c.
732; bad
luck, ill luck, evil luck, adverse luck, hard fortune,
hard hap, hard luck, hard lot; frowns of fortune;
evil dispensation, evil star, evil genius|; vicissitudes
of life, ups and downs of life, broken fortunes; hard
case, hard lines, hard life; sea of troubles; peck
of troubles; hell upon earth; slough of despond.
trouble, hardship, curse,
#736. Mediocrity.
— N. moderate circumstances, average
circumstances; respectability; middle classes; mediocrity;
golden mean &c. (mid-course) 628, (moderation) 174.
V. jog on; go fairly,
go quietly, go peaceably, go tolerably, go
respectably, get on fairly, get on quietly, get on
peaceably, get on tolerably, get on respectably.
— p. 245 — % DIVISION (II) INTERSOCIAL VOLITION
SECTION I. GENERAL INTERSOCIAL VOLITION % — Implying the action of the will of one mind over the will of another. —
#737. Authority.—
N. authority; influence, patronage, power,
preponderance, credit, prestige, prerogative, jurisdiction;
right &c. (title) 924; direction &c. 693; government
&c. 737a.
divine right, dynastic
rights, authoritativeness; absoluteness,
absolutism; despotism; jus nocendi[Lat]; jus divinum[Lat].
mastery, mastership,
masterdom[obs3]; dictation, control.
hold, grasp; grip, gripe;
reach; iron sway &c. (severity) 739; fangs,
clutches, talons; rod of empire &c. (scepter) 747.
[Vicarious authority]
commission &c. 755; deputy &c.759; permission
&c. 760.
V. authorize &c. (permit)
760; warrant &c. (right) 924; dictate &c.
— in 4e sections 741 to 748 deal with
government and politics. Lots of words and concepts
are new since 1911! Here we make a start with
one heading Yet to do: take political subdivisions
from territory 181 and 780, put them all here. —
#737a. Government.
— N. government, legal authority, soveriegn,
sovereign authority; authority &c. 737; master &c.
745; direction &c. 693.
[nations] national government,
nation, state, country, nation-state,
dominion, republic, empire, union, democratic republic;
kingdom, principality.
[subdivisions of nations]
state government[U.S terminology], state;
shire[England]; province[Canada]; county[Ireland];
canton[Switzerland]; territory [Australia]; duchy,
archduchy, archdukedom[obs3]; woiwodshaft; commonwealth;
region &c. 181; property &c. 780.
[smaller subdivisions]
county, parish[Louisiana]; city, domain, tract,
arrondissement[Fr], mofussil[obs3], commune; wappentake,
hundred, riding, lathe, garth[obs3], soke[obs3], tithing;
ward, precinct, bailiwick.
command, empire, sway,
rule; dominion, domination; sovereignty,
supremacy, suzerainty; lordship, headship[obs3]; chiefdom[obs3];
seigniory, seigniority[obs3].
rule, sway, command,
control, administer; govern &c. (direct) 693;
lead, preside over, reign, possess the throne, be
seated on the throne, occupy the throne; sway the
scepter, wield the scepter; wear the crown.
state, realm, body politic,
posse comitatus[Lat].
[person in the governing
#737b. Politics.
[contention for governmental authority or influence].
— N. politics; political science; candidacy,
campaign, campaigning, electioneering; partisanship,
ideology, factionalism.
election, poll, ballot,
vote, referendum, recall, initiative, voice,
suffrage, plumper, cumulative vote, plebiscitum[Lat],
plebiscite, vox populi; electioneering; voting &c.
v.; elective franchise; straight ticket [U.S.]; opinion
poll, popularity poll.
issue; opinion, stand,
position; program, platform; party line.
[ideologies] democracy,
republicanism; communism, statism, state
socialism; socialism; conservatism, toryism; liberalism,
whigism; theocracy; constitutional monarchy.
[political parties]
party &c. 712; Democratic Party[U.S: list],
Republican Party, Socialist Party, Communist Party;
Federalist Party[U.S. defunct parties: list],
Bull Moose Party, Abolitionist Party; Christian Democratic
Party[Germany: list], Social Democratic Party;
National Socialist Worker’s Party[Germany,
1930-1945], Nazi Party; Liberal Party[Great Britain:list],
Labor Party, Conservative Party.
ticket, slate.
[person active in politics]
politician[general], activist;
candidate[specific politicians: list], aspirant,
hopeful, office-seeker, front-runner, dark horse,
long shot, shoo-in; supporter, backer, political worker,
campaign worker; lobbyist, contributor; party hack,
ward heeler; regional candidate, favorite son; running
mate, stalking horse; perpetual candidate, political
animal.
political contribution,
campaign contribution; political action
committee, PAC.
political district,
electoral division, electoral district, bailiwick.
electorate, constituents.
get-out-the-vote campaign,
political education.
negative campaigning,
dirty politics, smear campaign.
[unsuccessful candidate]
also-ran, loser; has-been.
[successful candidate]
office holder, official, occupant of a
position; public servant, incumbent; winner.
V. run for office, stand
for office; campaign, stump; throw one’s hat
in the ring; announce one’s candidacy.
Adj. political, partisan.
Phr. “Money
is the mother’s milk of politics” [Tip
O’Neill].
— p. 246 —
#738. [Absence of authority]
Laxity.— N. laxity; laxness, looseness,
slackness; toleration &c. (lenity) 740; freedom &c.
748.
anarchy, interregnum;
relaxation; loosening &c. v.; remission; dead
letter, brutum fulmen[Lat], misrule; license, licentiousness;
insubordination &c. (disobedience) 742; lynch law &c.
(illegality) 964; nihilism, reign of violence.
[Deprivation of power]
dethronement, deposition, usurpation,
abdication.
V. be -lax &c. adj.;
laisser faire[Fr], laisser aller[Fr]; hold a
loose rein; give the reins to, give rope enough, give
a loose to; tolerate; relax; misrule.
go beyond the length
of one’s tether; have one’s swing, have
one’s
fling; act without instructions, act without authority,
act outside of one’s authority; act on one’s
own responsibility, usurp authority.
dethrone, depose; abdicate.
Adj. lax, loose; slack;
remiss &c. (careless) 460; weak.
relaxed; licensed; reinless[obs3],
unbridled; anarchical; unauthorized
&c. (unwarranted) 925; adespotic[obs3].
#739. Severity.—
N. severity; strictness, harshness &c. adj.; rigor,
stringency, austerity; inclemency &c. (pitilessness)
914a; arrogance &c. 885; precisianism[obs3].
arbitrary power; absolutism,
despotism; dictatorship, autocracy,
tyranny, domineering, oppression; assumption, usurpation;
inquisition, reign of terror, martial law; iron heel,
iron rule, iron hand, iron sway; tight grasp; brute
force, brute strength; coercion &c. 744; strong hand,
tight hand.
hard lines, hard measure;
tender mercies [ironical]; sharp practice;
pipe-clay, officialism.
tyrant, disciplinarian,
precisian[obs3], martinet, stickler,
bashaw[obs3], despot, hard master, Draco, oppressor,
inquisitor, extortioner, harpy, vulture; accipitres[obs3],
birds of prey, raptorials[obs3], raptors[obs3].
V. be -severe &c. adj.
assume, usurp, arrogate,
take liberties; domineer, bully &c. 885;
tyrannize, inflict, wreak, stretch a point, put on
the screw; be hard upon; bear a heavy hand on, lay
a heavy hand on; be down upon, come down upon; ill
treat; deal hardly with, deal hard measure to; rule
with a rod of iron, chastise with scorpions; dye with
blood; oppress, override; trample under foot; tread
under foot, tread upon, trample upon, tread down upon,
trample down upon; crush under an iron heel, ride
roughshod over; rivet the yoke; hold a tight hand,
keep a tight hand; force down the throat; coerce &c.
744; give no quarter &c. (pitiless) 914a.
Adj. severe; strict,
hard, harsh, dour, rigid, stiff, stern, rigorous,
uncompromising, exacting, exigent, exigeant[obs3],
inexorable, inflexible, obdurate, austere, hard-headed,
hard-nosed, hard-shell [U.S.], relentless, Spartan,
Draconian, stringent, strait-laced, searching, unsparing,
iron-handed, peremptory, absolute, positive, arbitrary,
imperative; coercive &c. 744; tyrannical, extortionate,
— p. 247 —
#740. Lenity.—
N. lenity, lenience, leniency; moderation &c. 174;
tolerance, toleration; mildness, gentleness; favor,
indulgence, indulgency[obs3]; clemency, mercy, forbearance,
quarter; compassion &c. 914.
V. be -lenient &c. adj.;
tolerate, bear with; parcere subjectis[Lat],
give quarter.
indulge, allow one to
have his own way, spoil.
Adj. lenient; mild,
mild as milk; gentle, soft; tolerant, indulgent,
easy-going; clement &c. (compassionate) 914; forbearing;
long-suffering.
#741. Command.—
N. command, order, ordinance, act, fiat, hukm[obs3],
bidding, dictum, hest[obs3], behest, call, beck, nod.
despatch, dispatch;
message, direction, injunction, charge,
instructions; appointment, fixture.
demand, exaction, imposition,
requisition, claim, reclamation,
revendication[obs3]; ultimatum &c. (terms) 770; request
&c. 765; requirement.
dictation; dictate,
mandate; caveat, decree, senatus consultum[Lat];
precept; prescript, rescript; writ, ordination, bull,
ex cathedra pronouncement[Lat], edict, decretal[obs3],
dispensation, prescription, brevet, placit[obs3],
ukase, ukaz [Russian], firman, hatti-sherif[obs3],
warrant, passport, mittimus[Law@crim], mandamus, summons,
subpoena, nisi prius[Lat], interpellation, citation;
word, word of command; mot d’ordre[Fr]; bugle
call, trumpet call; beat of drum, tattoo; order of
the day; enactment &c. (law) 963; plebiscite &c. (choice)
609.
V. command, order, decree,
enact, ordain, dictate, direct, give
orders.
prescribe, set, appoint,
mark out; set a task, prescribe a task,
impose a task; set to work, put in requisition.
bid, enjoin, charge,
call upon, instruct; require at the hands of;
exact, impose, tax, task; demand; insist on &c. (compel)
744.
claim, lay claim to,
revendicate[obs3], reclaim.
cite, summon; call for,
send for; subpoena; beckon.
issue a command; make
a requisition, issue a requisition, promulgate a
requisition, make a decree, issue a decree, promulgate
a decree, make an order, issue an order, promulgate
an order &c. n.; give the word of command, give the
word, give the signal; call to order; give the law,
lay down the law; assume the command &c. (authority)
737; remand.
be -ordered &c.; receive
an order &c. n.
Adj. commanding &c.
v.; authoritative &c. 737; decretory[obs3],
decretive[obs3], decretal[obs3]; callable, jussive[obs3].
Adv. in a commanding
tone; by a stroke of the pen, by a dash of the
pen; by order, at beat of drum, on the first summons.
Phr. the decree is gone
forth; sic volo sic jubeo[Lat]; le Roi le
veut[Fr]; boutez en avant[Fr].
— p. 248 —
#742. Disobedience.—
N. disobedience, insubordination, contumacy;
infraction, infringement; violation, noncompliance;
nonobservance &c. 773.
revolt, rebellion, mutiny,
outbreak, rising, uprising, insurrection,
emeute[Fr]; riot, tumult &c. (disorder) 59; strike
&c.(resistance) 719; barring out; defiance &c. 715.
mutinousness &c. adj.;
mutineering[obs3]; sedition, treason; high
treason, petty treason, misprision of treason; premunire[Lat];
lese majeste[Fr]; violation of law &c. 964; defection,
secession.
insurgent, mutineer,
rebel, revolter, revolutionary, rioter, traitor,
quisling, carbonaro[obs3], sansculottes[Fr], red
republican, bonnet rouge, communist, Fenian, frondeur;
seceder, secessionist, runagate, renegade, brawler,
anarchist, demagogue; Spartacus, Masaniello, Wat Tyler,
Jack Cade; ringleader.
V. disobey, violate,
infringe; shirk; set at defiance &c. (defy) 715;
set authority at naught, run riot, fly in the face
of; take the law into one’s own hands; kick
over the traces.
turn restive, run restive;
champ the bit; strike &c. (resist) 719;
rise, rise in arms; secede; mutiny, rebel.
Adj. disobedient; uncomplying,
uncompliant; unsubmissive[obs3],
unruly, ungovernable; breachy[obs3], insubordinate,
impatient of control, incorrigible; restiff|, restive;
refractory, contumacious, recusant &c. (refuse) 764;
recalcitrant; resisting &c. 719; lawless, mutinous,
seditions, insurgent, riotous.
unobeyed[obs3]; unbidden.
Phr. seditiosissimus
quisque ignavus [Lat][Tacitus]; “unthread the
rude eye of rebellion” [King John].
#743. Obedience.—
N. obedience; observance &c. 772; compliance;
submission &c. 725; subjection &c. 749; nonresistance;
passiveness, resignation.
allegiance, loyalty,
fealty, homage, deference, devotion; constancy,
fidelity.
submissness[obs3], submissiveness;
ductility &c. (softness) 324;
obsequiousness &c. (servility) 886.
V. be -obedient &c.
adj.; obey, bear obedience to; submit &c. 725;
comply, answer the helm, come at one’s call;
do one’s bidding, do what one is told, do suit
and service; attend to orders, serve faithfully.
follow the lead of,
follow to the world’s end; serve &c. 746; play
second fiddle.
Adj. obedient; complying,
compliant; loyal, faithful, devoted; at
one’s call, at one’s command, at one’s
orders, at one’s beck and call; under beck and
call, under control.
restrainable; resigned,
passive; submissive &c. 725; henpecked; pliant
&c. (soft) 324.
unresisted[obs3].
Adv. obediently &c.
adj.; in compliance with, in obedience to.
Phr. to hear is to obey;
as you please, if you please; your wish is my
command; as you wish; no sooner said than done.
#744. Compulsion.—
N. compulsion, coercion, coaction[obs3],
constraint, duress, enforcement, press, conscription.
force; brute force,
main force, physical force; the sword, ultima
ratio[Lat]; club law, lynch law, mob law, arguementum
baculinum[obs3], le droit du plus fort[Fr], martial
law.
restraint &c. 751; necessity
&c. 601; force majeure[Fr]; Hobson’s
choice.
V. compel, force, make,
drive, coerce, constrain, enforce,
necessitate, oblige.
force upon, press; cram
down the throat, thrust down the throat, force
down the throat; say it must be done, make a point
of, insist upon, take no denial; put down, dragoon.
extort, wring from;
squeeze, put on the squeeze; put on the screws,
turn on the screw; drag into; bind, bind over; pin
down, tie down; require, tax, put in force; commandeer;
restrain &c. 751.
Adj. compelling &c.
v.; coercive, coactive[obs3]; inexorable &c. 739;
compulsory, compulsatory[obs3]; obligatory, stringent,
peremptory.
forcible, not to be
trifled with; irresistible &c. 601; compelled &c.
v.; fain to.
Adv. by force &c. n.,
by force of arms; on compulsion, perforce; vi et
armis[Lat], under the lash; at the point of the sword,
at the point of the bayonet; forcibly; by a strong
arm.
under protest, in spite
of one’s teeth; against one’s will &c.
603;
nolens volens &c. (of necessity) 601[Lat]; by stress
of circumstances, by stress of weather; under press
of; de rigueur.
with a gun to one’s
head.
Phr. I’ll
make him an offer he can’t refuse.
— p. 249 —
#745. Master.—
N. master, padrone; lord, lord paramount; commander,
commandant; captain; chief, chieftain; sirdar[obs3],
sachem, sheik, head, senior, governor, ruler, dictator;
leader &c. (director) 694; boss, cockarouse[obs3],
sagamore[ISA:chief@algonquin], werowance[obs3].
lord of the ascendant;
cock of the walk, cock of the roost; gray mare;
mistress.
potentate; liege, liege
lord; suzerain, sovereign, monarch, autocrat,
despot, tyrant, oligarch.
crowned head, emperor,
king, anointed king, majesty, imperator[Lat],
protector, president, stadholder[obs3], judge.
ceasar, kaiser, czar,
tsar, sultan, soldan|, grand Turk, caliph,
imaum[obs3], shah, padishah[obs3], sophi[obs3], mogul,
great mogul, khan, lama, tycoon, mikado, tenno[Jap],
inca, cazique[obs3]; voivode[obs3]; landamman[obs3];
seyyid[obs3]; Abuna[obs3], cacique[obs3], czarowitz[obs3],
grand seignior.
prince, duke &c. (nobility)
875; archduke, doge, elector; seignior;
marland[obs3], margrave; rajah, emir, wali, sheik
nizam[obs3], nawab.
empress, queen, sultana,
czarina, princess, infanta, duchess,
margravine[obs3]; czarevna[obs3], czarita[obs3]; maharani,
rani, rectrix[obs3].
regent, viceroy, exarch[obs3],
palatine, khedive, hospodar[obs3],
beglerbeg[obs3], three-tailed bashaw[obs3], pasha,
#746. Servant.—
N. subject, liegeman[obs3]; servant, retainer,
follower, henchman, servitor, domestic, menial, help,
lady help, employe, attache; official.
retinue, suite, cortege,
staff, court.
attendant, squire, usher,
page, donzel[obs3], footboy[obs3]; train
bearer, cup bearer; waiter, lapster[obs3], butler,
livery servant, lackey, footman, flunky, flunkey,
valet, valet de chambre[Fr]; equerry, groom; jockey,
hostler, ostler[obs3], tiger, orderly, messenger, cad,
gillie[obs3], herdsman, swineherd; barkeeper, bartender;
bell boy, boots, boy, counterjumper[obs3]; khansamah[obs3],
khansaman[obs3]; khitmutgar[obs3]; yardman.
bailiff, castellan[obs3],
seneschal, chamberlain, major-domo[obs3],
groom of the chambers.
secretary; under secretary,
assistant secretary; clerk; subsidiary;
agent &c. 758; subaltern; underling, understrapper;
man.
maid, maidservant; handmaid;
confidente[Fr], lady’s maid, abigail,
soubrette; amah[obs3], biddy, nurse, bonne[Fr], ayah[obs3];
nursemaid, nursery maid, house maid, parlor maid,
waiting maid, chamber maid, kitchen maid, scullery
maid; femme de chambre[Fr], femme fille[Fr]; camarista[obs3];
#747. [Insignia of authority.]
Scepter.— N. scepter, regalia,
caduceus; Mercury’s rod, Mercury’s staff,
Mercury’s wand; rod of empire, mace, fasces[obs3],
wand; staff, staff of office; baton, truncheon; flag
&c. (insignia) 550; ensign of authority, emblem of
authority, badge of authority, insignia of authority.
throne, chair, musnud[obs3],
divan, dais, woolsack[obs3].
toga, pall, mantle,
robes of state, ermine, purple.
crown, coronet, diadem,
tiara, cap of maintenance; decoration; title
&c. 877; portfolio.
key, signet, seals,
talisman; helm; reins &c. (means of restraint)
752.
— p. 250 —
#748. Freedom.—
N. freedom, liberty, independence; license &c.
(permission) 760; facility &c. 705.
scope, range, latitude,
play; free play, full play, free scope, full
scope; free stage and no favor; swing, full swing,
elbowroom, margin, rope, wide berth; Liberty Hall.
franchise, denization[obs3];
free man, freed man, livery man; denizen.
autonomy, self-government,
liberalism, free trade; noninterference &c.
706; Monroe Doctrine [U.S.].
immunity, exemption;
emancipation &c. (liberation) 750;
enfranchisement, affranchisement[obs3].
free land, freehold;
allodium[obs3]; frankalmoigne[Fr], mortmain[Fr].
bushwhacker; freelance,
free thinker, free trader; independent.
V. be free &c. adj.;
have scope &c. n., have the run of, have one’s
own way, have a will of one’s own, have one’s
fling; do what one likes, do what one wishes, do what
one pleases, do what one chooses; go at large, feel
at home, paddle one’s own canoe; stand on one’s
legs, stand on one’s rights; shift for oneself.
take a liberty; make
free with, make oneself quite at home; use a
freedom; take leave, take French leave.
set free &c. (liberate)
750; give a loose to &c. (permit) 760; allow
scope &c. n. to, give scope &c. n. to; give a horse
his head.
#749. Subjection.—
N. subjection; dependence, dependency;
subordination; thrall, thralldom, thraldom, enthrallment,
subjugation, bondage, serfdom; feudalism, feudality[obs3];
vassalage, villenage; slavery, enslavement, involuntary
servitude; conquest.
service; servitude,
servitorship[obs3]; tendence[obs3], employ,
tutelage, clientship[obs3]; liability &c. 177; constraint
&c.751; oppression &c. (severity) 739; yoke &c. (means
of restraint) 752; submission &c. 725; obedience &c.
743.
V. be subject &c. adj.;
be at the mercy of, lie at the mercy of;
depend upon, lean upon, hang upon; fall a prey to,
fall under; play second fiddle.
be a mere machine, be
a puppet, be a football; not dare to say one’s
soul is his own; drag a chain.
serve &c. 746; obey
&c. 743; submit &c. 725.
break in, tame; subject,
subjugate; master &c. 731; tread down, tread
under foot; weigh down; drag at one’s chariot
wheels; reduce to subjection, reduce to slavery; enthrall,
inthrall[obs3], bethrall[obs3]; enslave, lead captive;
take into custody &c. (restrain) 751; rule &c. 737;
drive into a corner, hold at the sword’s point;
keep under; hold in bondage, hold in leading strings,
hold in swaddling clothes.
Adj. subject, dependent,
subordinate; feudal, feudatory; in subjection
to, under control; in leading strings, in harness;
subjected, enslaved &c. v.; constrained &c. 751; downtrodden;
overborne, overwhelmed; under the lash, on the hip,
led by the nose, henpecked; the puppet of, the sport
of, the plaything of; under one’s orders, under
one’s command, under one’s thumb; a slave
to; at the mercy of; in the power of, in the hands
of, in the clutches of; at the feet of; at one’s
beck and call &c. (obedient) 743; liable &c. 177;
parasitical; stipendiary.
Adv. under.
Phr. “slaves —
in a land of light and law” [Whittier].
— p. 251 —
#750. Liberation.—
N. liberation, disengagement, release,
enlargement, emancipation; disenthrallment[obs3],
disenthralment[obs3]; affranchisement[obs3], enfranchisement;
manumission; discharge, dismissal.
deliverance &c. 672;
redemption, extrication, acquittance, absolution;
acquittal &c. 970; escape &c.671.
V. liberate, free; set
free, set clear, set at liberty; render free,
emancipate, release; enfranchise, affranchise[obs3];
manumit; enlarge; disband, discharge, disenthrall,
disenthral, dismiss; let go, let loose, loose, let
out, let slip; cast adrift, turn adrift; deliver &c.
672; absolve &c. (acquit) 970.
unfetter &c. 751, untie
&c. 43; loose &c. (disjoin) 44; loosen,
relax; unbolt, unbar, unclose, uncork, unclog, unhand,
unbind, unchain, unharness, unleash; disengage, disentangle;
clear, extricate, unloose.
gain one’s liberty,
obtain one’s liberty, acquire one’s liberty
&c.
748; get rid of, get clear of; deliver oneself from;
shake off the yoke, slip the collar; break loose,
break prison; tear asunder one’s bonds, cast
off trammels; escape &c. 671.
Adj. liberated &c. v.;
out of harness &c. (free) 748.
Int. unhand me! let
me go!
#751. Restraint.—
N. restraint; hindrance &c. 706; coercion &c.
(compulsion) 744; cohibition[obs3], constraint, repression,
suppression; discipline, control.
confinement; durance,
duress; imprisonment; incarceration,
coarctation|, entombment, mancipation[obs3], durance
vile, limbo, captivity; blockade.
arrest, arrestation[obs3];
custody, keep, care, charge, ward,
restringency[obs3].
curb &c. (means of restraint)
752; lettres de cachet[Fr].
limitation, restriction,
protection, monopoly; prohibition &c. 761.
prisoner &c. 754; repressionist[obs3].
V. restrain, check;
put under restraint, lay under restraint; enthral,
enthrall, inthral[obs3], inthrall[obs3], bethral[obs3],
bethrall[obs3]; restrict; debar &c. (hinder) 706;
constrain; coerce &c. (compel) 744; curb, control;
hold back, hold from, hold in, hold in check, hold
within bounds, keep back, keep from, keep in, keep
in check, keep within bounds; hold in leash, hold
in leading strings; withhold.
keep under; repress,
suppress; smother; pull in, rein in; hold, hold
fast; keep a tight hand on; prohibit &c. 761; inhibit,
cohibit[obs3].
enchain; fasten &c.
(join) 43; fetter, shackle; entrammel[obs3];
bridle, muzzle, hopple[obs3], gag, pinion, manacle,
handcuff, tie one’s hands, hobble, bind hand
and foot; swathe, swaddle; pin down, tether; picket;
tie down, tie up; secure; forge fetters; disable, hamstring
(incapacitate) 158.
confine; shut up, shut
in; clap up, lock up, box up, mew up, bottle
up, cork up, seal up, button up; hem in, bolt in,
wall in, rail in; impound, pen, coop; inclose &c.
(circumscribe) 229; cage; incage[obs3], encage[obs3];
— p. 252 —
#752. [Means of restraint.]
Prison.— N. prison, prison house; jail,
gaol, cage, coop, den, cell; stronghold, fortress,
keep, donjon, dungeon, Bastille, oubliette, bridewell[obs3],
house of correction, hulks, tollbooth, panopticon[obs3],
penitentiary, guardroom, lockup, hold; round house,
watch house, station house, sponging house; station;
house of detention, black hole, pen, fold, pound;
inclosure &c. 232; isolation (exclusion) 893; penal
settlement, penal colony; bilboes, stocks, limbo,
quod*[Lat]; calaboose, chauki[obs3], choky[obs3], thana[obs3];
workhouse [U.S.].
Newgate, Fleet, Marshalsea;
King’s (or Queen’s) Bench.
bond; bandage; irons,
pinion, gyve, fetter, shackle, trammel, manacle,
handcuff, straight jacket, strait jacket, strait-jacket,
strait-waistcoat, hopples[obs3]; vice, vise.
yoke, collar, halter,
harness; muzzle, gag, bit, brake, curb, snaffle,
bridle; rein, reins; bearing rein; martingale; leading
string; tether, picket, band, guy, chain; cord &c.
(fastening) 45; cavesson[obs3], hackamore [obs3][U.S.],
headstall, jaquima [obs3][U.S.], lines, ribbons.
bolt, deadbolt, bar,
lock, police lock, combination lock, padlock,
rail, wall, stone wall; paling, palisade; fence, picket
fence, barbed wire fence, Cyclone fence, stockade
fence, chain-link fence; barrier, barricade.
drag &c. (hindrance)
706.
#753. Keeper.—
N. keeper, custodian, custos[Lat], ranger, warder,
jailer, gaoler, turnkey, castellan[obs3], guard; watchdog,
watchman; Charley; chokidar[obs3], durwan[obs3], hayward[obs3];
sentry, sentinel; watch and ward; concierge, coast
guard, guarda costa[Sp], game keeper.
escort, bodyguard.
protector, governor,
duenna[Sp]; guardian; governess &c. (teacher)
540; nurse, nanny, babysitter, catsitter, dogsitter,
bonne[Fr], ayah[obs3].
#754. Prisoner.—
N. prisoner, prisoner of war, POW, captive, inmate,
detainee, hostage, abductee[obs3], detenu[Fr], close
prisoner.
jail bird, ticket of
leave man, chevronne[Fr].
V. stand committed;
be imprisoned &c. 751.
take prisoner, take
hostage (capture) 789.
Adj. imprisoned &c.
751; in prison, in quod*[Lat], in durance vile, in
limbo, in custody, doing time, in charge, in chains;
under lock and key, under hatches; on parole.
#755. [Vicarious authority.]
Commission.— N. commission, delegation;
consignment, assignment; procuration[obs3]; deputation,
legation, mission, embassy; agency, agentship[obs3];
power of attorney; clerkship; surrogacy.
errand, charge, brevet,
diploma, exequatur[Lat], permit &c.
(permission) 760.
appointment, nomination,
designation, return; charter; ordination;
installation, inauguration, investiture, swearing-in;
accession, coronation, enthronement.
vicegerency; regency,
regentship.
viceroy &c. 745; consignee
&c. 758; deputy &c. 759.
[person who receives
a commission] agent, delegate, consignee &c. 758.
V. commission, delegate,
depute; consign, assign; charge; intrust,
entrust; commit, commit to the hands of; authorize
&c. (permit) 760.
put in commission, accredit,
engage, hire, bespeak, appoint, name,
nominate, return, ordain; install, induct, inaugurate,
swear in, invest, crown; enroll, enlist; give power
of attorney to.
employ, empower; set
over, place over; send out.
be commissioned, be
accredited; represent, stand for; stand in the
stead of, stand in the place of, stand in the shoes
of.
Adj. commissioned &c.
v.
Adv. per procurationem[Lat].
#756. Abrogation.—
N. abrogation, annulment, nullification, recision;
vacatur[Lat]; canceling &c. v.; cancel; revocation,
revokement[obs3]; repeal, rescission, defeasance.
dismissal, conge[Fr],
demission|; bounce* [U.S.]; deposal, deposition;
dethronement; disestablishment, disendowment[obs3];
deconsecration; sack*, walking papers, pink slip,
walking ticket; yellow cover*.
abolition, abolishment;
dissolution.
counter order, countermand;
repudiation, retraction,
retractation[obs3]; recantation &c. (tergiversation)
607; abolitionist.
V. abrogate, annul,
cancel; destroy &c. 162; abolish; revoke,
repeal, rescind, reverse, retract, recall; abolitionize[obs3];
overrule, override; set aside; disannul, dissolve,
quash, nullify, declare null and void; disestablish,
disendow[obs3]; deconsecrate.
disclaim &c. (deny)
536; ignore, repudiate; recant &c. 607; divest
oneself, break off.
countermand, counter
order; do away with; sweep away, brush away;
throw overboard, throw to the dogs; scatter to the
winds, cast behind.
dismiss, discard; cast
off, turn off, cast out, cast adrift, cast out
— p. 253 —
#757. Resignation.—
N. resignation, retirement, abdication,
renunciation, abjuration; abandonment, relinquishment.
V. resign; give up,
throw up; lay down, throw up the cards, wash one’s
hands of, abjure, renounce, forego, disclaim, retract;
deny &c. 536.
abrogate &c. 756; desert
&c. (relinquish) 624; get rid of &c. 782.
abdicate; vacate, vacate
one’s seat; accept the stewardship of the
Chiltern Hundreds; retire; tender one’s resignation.
Adj. abdicant[obs3].
Phr. “Othello’s
occupation’s gone” [Othello].
#758. Consignee.—
N. consignee, trustee, nominee, committee.
agent, delegate; commissary,
commissioner; emissary, envoy,
commissionaire[Fr]; messenger &c. 534.
diplomatist, diplomat(e),
corps diplomatique[Fr], embassy; ambassador,
embassador[obs3]; representative, resident, consul,
legate, nuncio, internuncio[obs3], charge d’affaires[Fr],
attache.
vicegerent &c. (deputy)
759; plenipotentiary.
functionary, placeman[obs3],
curator; treasurer &c. 801; factor,
bailiff, clerk, secretary, attorney, advocate, solicitor,
proctor, broker, underwriter, commission agent, auctioneer,
one’s man of business; factotum &c. (director)
694; caretaker; dalal[obs3], dubash[obs3], garnishee,
gomashta[obs3].
negotiator, go-between;
middleman; under agent, employe; servant &c.
746; referee, arbitrator &c.. (judge) 967.
traveler, bagman, commis-voyageur[Fr],
touter[obs3], commercial
traveler, drummer [U.S.], traveling man.
newspaper correspondent,
own correspondent, special correspondent.
#759. Deputy.—
N. deputy, substitute, vice, proxy, locum tenens,
badli[obs3], delegate, representative, next friend,
surrogate, secondary.
regent, viceregent[obs3],
vizier, minister, vicar; premier &c.
(director) 694; chancellor, prefect, provost, warden,
lieutenant, archon, consul, proconsul; viceroy &c.
(governor) 745; commissioner &c. 758; Tsung-li Yamen,
Wai Wu Pu; plenipotentiary, alter ego.
team, eight, eleven;
champion.
V. be deputy &c. n.;
stand for, appear for, hold a brief for, answer
for; represent; stand in the shoes of, walk in the
shoes of; stand in the stead of.
ablegate[obs3], accredit.
Adj. acting, vice, vice
regal; accredited to.
Adv. in behalf of.
— p. 254 — % Section II. SPECIAL INTERSOCIAL VOLITION %
#760. Permission.—
N. permission, leave; allowance, sufferance;
tolerance, toleration; liberty, law, license, concession,
grace; indulgence &c. (lenity) 740; favor, dispensation,
exemption, release; connivance; vouchsafement[obs3].
authorization, warranty,
accordance, admission.
permit, warrant, brevet,
precept, sanction, authority, firman;
hukm[obs3]; pass, passport; furlough, license, carte
blanche[Fr], ticket of leave; grant, charter; patent,
letters patent.
V. permit; give permission
&c. n., give power; let, allow, admit;
suffer, bear with, tolerate, recognize; concede &c.
762; accord, vouchsafe, favor, humor, gratify, indulge,
stretch a point; wink at, connive at; shut one’s
eyes to.
grant, empower, charter,
enfranchise, privilege, confer a privilege,
license, authorize, warrant; sanction; intrust &c.
(commission) 755.
give carte blanche[Fr],
give the reins to, give scope to &c. (freedom)
748; leave alone, leave it to one, leave the door
open; open the door to, open the flood gates; give
a loose to.
let off; absolve &c.
(acquit) 970; release, exonerate, dispense with.
ask permission, beg
permission, request permission, ask leave, beg
leave, request leave.
Adj. permitting &c.
v.; permissive, indulgent; permitted &c. v.;
patent, chartered, permissible, allowable, lawful,
legitimate, legal; legalized &c. (law) 963; licit;
unforbid[obs3], unforbidden[obs3]; unconditional.
Adv. by leave, with
leave, on leave &c. n.; speciali gratia[It]; under
favor of; pace; ad libitum &c. (freely) 748, (at will)
600; by all means &c. (willingly) 602; yes &c. (assent)
488.
Phr. avec permissin[Fr];
brevet d’invention [Fr].
#761. Prohibition.—
N. prohibition, inhibition; veto, disallowance;
interdict, interdiction; injunction, estoppel[Law];
embargo, ban, taboo, proscription; index expurgatorius[Lat];
restriction &c. (restraint) 751; hindrance &c.706;
forbidden fruit; Maine law [U.S.].
V. prohibit, inhibit;
forbid, put one’s veto upon, disallow, enjoin,
ban, outlaw, taboo, proscribe, estop[Law]; bar; debar
&c. (hinder) 706, forefend.
keep in, keep within
bounds; restrain &c. 751; cohibit[obs3],
withhold, limit, circumscribe, clip the wings of,
restrict; interdict, taboo; put under an interdiction,
place under an interdiction; put under the ban, place
under the ban; proscribe; exclude, shut out; shut the
door, bolt the door, show the door; warn off; dash
the cup from one’s lips; forbid the banns.
Adj. prohibitive, prohibitory;
proscriptive; restrictive, exclusive;
forbidding &c. v.
prohibited &c. v.; not
permitted &c. 760; unlicensed, contraband,
impermissible, under the ban of; illegal &c. 964;
unauthorized, not to be thought of, uncountenanced,
unthinkable, beyond the pale.
#762. Consent.—
N. consent; assent &c. 488; acquiescence; approval
&c. 931; compliance, agreement, concession; yieldance|,
yieldingness[obs3]; accession, acknowledgment, acceptance,
agnition|.
settlement, ratification,
confirmation, adjustment.
permit &c. (permission)
760; promise &c. 768.
V. consent; assent &c.
488; yield assent, admit, allow, concede,
grant, yield; come round, come over; give into, acknowledge,
agnize[obs3], give consent, comply with, acquiesce,
agree to, fall in with, accede, accept, embrace an
offer, close with, take at one’s word, have no
objection.
satisfy, meet one’s
wishes, settle, come to terms &c. 488; not refuse
&c. 764; turn a willing ear &c. (willingness) 602;
jump at; deign, vouchsafe; promise &c. 768.
Adj. consenting &c.
v.; squeezable; agreed &c. (assent) 488;
unconditional.
Adv. OK, yes &c.
(assent) 488; by all means &c. (willingly) 602; no
problem; if you please, as you please; be it so, so
be it, well and good, of course; please do; don’t
hesitate.
Phr. chi tace accousente[It][obs3].
#763. Offer.—
N. offer, proffer, presentation, tender, bid, overture;
proposal, proposition; motion, invitation; candidature;
offering &c. (gift) 784.
V. offer, proffer, present,
tender; bid; propose, move; make a motion,
make advances; start; invite, hold out, place in one’s
way, put forward.
hawk about; offer for
sale &c. 796; press &c. (request) 765; lay at
one’s feet.
offer oneself, present
oneself; volunteer, come forward, be a
candidate; stand for, bid for; seek; be at one’s
service; go a begging; bribe &c. (give) 784.
Adj. offering, offered
&c. v.; in the market, for sale, to let,
disengaged, on hire.
— p. 255 —
#764. Refusal.—
N. refusal, rejection; noncompliance,
incompliance[obs3]; denial; declining &c. v.; declension;
declinature[obs3]; peremptory refusal, flat refusal,
point blank refusal; repulse, rebuff; discountenance.
recusancy, abnegation,
protest, disclaimer; dissent &c. 489;
revocation &c. 756.
V. refuse, reject, deny,
decline, turn down; nill, negative; refuse
one’s assent, withhold one’s assent; shake
the head; close the hand, close the purse; grudge,
begrudge, be slow to, hang fire; pass [at cards].
be deaf to; dismiss,
turn a deaf ear to, turn one’s back upon; set
one’s face against, discountenance, not hear
of, have nothing to do with, wash one’s hands
of, stand aloof, forswear, set aside, cast behind one;
not yield an inch &c. (obstinacy) 606.
#765. Request.—
N. request, requisition; claim &c. (demand) 741;
petition, suit, prayer; begging letter, round robin.
motion, overture, application,
canvass, address, appeal, apostrophe;
imprecation; rogation; proposal, proposition.
orison &c. (worship)
990; incantation &c. (spell) 993.
mendicancy; asking,
begging &c. v.; postulation, solicitation,
invitation, entreaty, importunity, supplication, instance,
impetration[obs3], imploration[obs3], obsecration[obs3],
obtestation[obs3], invocation, interpellation.
V. request, ask; beg,
crave, sue, pray, petition, solicit, invite, pop
the question, make bold to ask; beg leave, beg a boon;
apply to, call to, put to; call upon, call for; make
a request, address a request, prefer a request, put
up a request, make a prayer, address a prayer, prefer
a prayer, put up a prayer, make a petition, address
a petition, prefer a petition, put up a petition;
make application, make a requisition; ask trouble,
ask one for; claim &c. (demand) 741; offer up prayers
&c. (worship) 990; whistle for.
beg hard, entreat, beseech,
plead, supplicate, implore; conjure,
adjure; obtest[obs3]; cry to, kneel to, appeal to;
invoke, evoke; impetrate[obs3], imprecate, ply, press,
urge, beset, importune, dun, tax, clamor for; cry
aloud, cry for help; fall on one’s knees; throw
oneself at the feet of; come down on one’s marrowbones.
beg from door to door,
send the hat round, go a begging;
mendicate[obs3], mump[obs3], cadge, beg one’s
bread.
dance attendance on,
besiege, knock at the door.
bespeak, canvass, tout,
make interest, court; seek, bid for &c.
(offer) 763; publish the banns.
Adj. requesting &c.
v.; precatory[obs3]; suppliant, supplicant,
supplicatory; postulant; obsecratory[obs3].
importunate, clamorous,
urgent; cap in hand; on one’s knees, on one’s
bended knees, on one’s marrowbones.
Adv. prithee, do, please,
pray; be so good as, be good enough; have
the goodness, vouchsafe, will you, I pray thee, if
you please.
Int. for God’s
sake! for heaven’s sake! for goodness’
sake! for
mercy’s sake!
Phr. Dieu vous
garde[Fr]; dirigenos Domine[Lat]; would you be so kind
as to.
#766. [Negative request.]
Deprecation.— N. deprecation,
expostulation; intercession, mediation, protest, remonstrance.
V. deprecate, protest,
expostulate, enter a protest, intercede for;
remonstrate.
Adj. deprecatory, expostulatory[obs3],
intercessory,
mediatorial[obs3].
deprecated, protested.
unsought, unbesought[obs3];
unasked &c. (see ask &c. 765).
Int. cry you mercy!
God forbid! forbid it Heaven! Heaven forefend,
Heaven forbid! far be it from! hands off! &c. (prohibition)
761; please don’t.
— p. 256 —
#767. Petitioner.—
N. petitioner, solicitor, applicant; suppliant,
supplicant; suitor, candidate, claimant, postulant,
aspirant, competitor, bidder; place hunter, pot hunter;
prizer[obs3]; seeker.
beggar, mendicant, moocher,
panhandler, freeloader, sponger,
mumper[obs3], sturdy beggar, cadger; hotel runner,
runner, steerer [U.S.], tout, touter[obs3].
[poor person] pauper,
homeless person, hobo, bum, tramp, bindle stiff,
bo, knight of the road (poverty) 804; hippie, flower
child; hard core unemployed; welfare client, welfare
case.
canvasser, bagman &c.758;
salesman.
% Section III. CONDITIONAL INTERSOCIAL VOLITION %
#768. Promise.—
N. promise, undertaking, word, troth, plight, pledge,
parole, word of honor, vow; oath &c. (affirmation)
535; profession, assurance, warranty, guarantee, insurance,
obligation; contract &c. 769; stipulation.
engagement, preengagement;
affiance; betroth, betrothal, betrothment.
V. promise; give a promise
&c. n.; undertake, engage; make an
engagement, form an engagement; enter into an engagement,
enter on an engagement; bind oneself, tie oneself,
pledge oneself, commit oneself, take upon oneself;
vow; swear &c. (affirm) 535, give one’s word,
pass one’s word, pledge one’s word, plight
one’s word, give one’s honor, pass one’s
honor, pledge one’s honor, plight one’s
honor, give credit, pass credit, pledge credit, plight
credit, give troth, pass troth, pledge troth, plight
troth; betroth, plight faith.
assure, warrant, guarantee;
covenant &c. 769; attest &c. (bear
witness) 467.
hold out an expectation;
contract an obligation; become bound to,
become sponsor for; answer for, be answerable for;
secure; give security &c. 771; underwrite.
adjure, administer an
oath, put to one’s oath, swear a witness.
Adj. promising &c. v.;
promissory; votive; under hand and seal, upon
oath.
promised &c. v.; affianced,
pledged, bound; committed, compromised; in
for it.
Adv. as one’s
head shall answer for.
Phr. in for a penny
in for a pound; ex voto[Lat]; gage d’amour.
#768a. Release
from engagement.— N. release &c. (liberation)
750.
Adj. absolute; unconditional
&c. (free) 748.
#769. Compact.—
N. compact, contract, agreement, bargain;
affidation[obs3]; pact, paction[obs3]; bond, covenant,
indenture; bundobast[obs3], deal.
stipulation, settlement,
convention; compromise, cartel.
Protocol, treaty, concordat,
Zollverein[Ger], Sonderbund[Ger],
charter, Magna Charta[Lat], Progmatic Sanction, customs
union, free trade region; General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade, GATT; most favored nation status.
negotiation &c. (bargaining)
794; diplomacy &c. (mediation) 724;
negotiator &c. (agent) 758.
ratification, completion,
signature, seal, sigil[Lat], signet.
V. contract, covenant,
agree for; engage &c. (promise) 768.
treat, negotiate, stipulate,
make terms; bargain &c. (barter) 794.
make a bargain, strike
a bargain; come to terms, come to an
understanding; compromise &c. 774; set at rest; close,
close with; conclude, complete, settle; confirm, ratify,
clench, subscribe, underwrite; endorse, indorse; put
the seal to; sign, seal &c. (attest) 467; indent.
take one at one’s
word, bargain by inch of candle.
Adj. agreed &c. v.;
conventional; under hand and seal.
Phr. caveat emptor.
#770. Conditions.—
N. conditions, terms; articles, articles of
agreement; memorandum.
clauses, provisions;
proviso &c. (qualification) 469; covenant,
stipulation, obligation, ultimatum, sine qua non;
casus foederris[Lat].
V. make terms, come
to terms &c. (contract) 769; make it a condition,
stipulate, insist upon, make a point of; bind, tie
up.
Adj. conditional, provisional,
guarded, fenced, hedged in.
Adv. conditionally &c.
(with qualification) 469; provisionally, pro re
nata[Lat]; on condition; with a string to it.
— p. 257 —
#771. Security.—
N. security; guaranty, guarantee; gage, warranty,
bond, tie, pledge, plight, mortgage, collateral,
debenture, hypothecation, bill of sale, lien, pawn,
pignoration[obs3]; real security; vadium[obs3].
stake, deposit, earnest,
handsel, caution.
promissory note; bill,
bill of exchange; I.O.U.; personal security,
covenant, specialty; parole &c. (promise) 768.
acceptance, indorsement[obs3],
signature, execution, stamp, seal.
sponsor, cosponsor,
sponsion[obs3], sponsorship; surety, bail;
mainpernor[obs3], hostage; godchild, godfather, godmother.
recognizance; deed of
indemnity, covenant of indemnity.
authentication, verification,
warrant, certificate, voucher, docket,
doquet[obs3]; record &c. 551; probate, attested copy.
receipt; acquittance,
quittance; discharge, release.
muniment[obs3], title
deed, instrument; deed, deed poll; assurance,
indenture; charter &c. (compact) 769; charter poll;
paper, parchment, settlement, will, testament, last
will and testament, codicil.
V. give security, give
bail, give substantial bail; go bail; pawn,
#772. Observance.—
N. observance, performance, compliance,
acquiescence, concurrence; obedience &c. 743; fulfillment,
satisfaction, discharge; acquittance, acquittal.
adhesion, acknowledgment;
fidelity &c. (probity) 939; exact &c. 494 —
observance.
V. observe, comply with,
respect, acknowledge, abide by; cling to,
adhere to, be faithful to, act up to; meet, fulfill;
carry out, carry into execution; execute, perform,
keep, satisfy, discharge; do one’s office.
perform an obligation,
fulfill an obligation, discharge an obligation,
acquit oneself of an obligation; make good; make good
one’s word, make good one’s promise, keep
one’s word, keep one’s promise; redeem
one’s pledge; keep faith with, stand to one’s
engagement.
Adj. observant, faithful,
true, loyal; honorable &c. 939; true as the
dial to the sun, true as the needle to the pole; punctual,
punctilious; literal &c. (exact) 494; as good as one’s
word.
Adv. faithfully &c.
adj.
Phr. ignoscito saepe
alteri nunquam tibi[Lat]; tempori parendum[Lat];
“to God, thy country, and thy friend be true”
[Vaughan].
#773. Nonobservance.—
N. nonobservance &c. 772; evasion,
inobservance, failure, omission, neglect, laches[Law],
laxity, informality.
infringement, infraction;
violation, transgression; piracy.
retraction, retractation[obs3],
repudiation, nullification; protest;
forfeiture.
lawlessness; disobedience
&c. 742; bad faith &c. 940.
V. fail, neglect, omit,
elude, evade, give the go-by to, set aside,
ignore; shut one’s eyes to, close one’s
eyes to.
infringe, transgress,
violate, pirate, break, trample under foot, do
violence to, drive a coach and six through.
discard, protest, repudiate,
fling to the winds, set at naught,
nullify, declare null and void; cancel &c. (wipe off)
552.
retract, go back from,
be off, forfeit, go from one’s word, palter;
stretch a point, strain a point.
Adj. violating &c. v.;
lawless, transgressive; elusive, evasive.
unfulfilled &c. (see
fulfill &c. 772).
— p. 258 —
#774. Compromise.—
N. compromise, commutation, composition; middle
term, mezzo termine[It]; compensation &c. 30; abatement
of differences, adjustment, mutual concession.
V. compromise, commute,
compound; take the mean; split the difference,
meet one halfway, give and take; come to terms &c.
(contract) 769; submit to arbitration, abide by arbitration;
patch up, bridge over, arrange; straighten out, adjust,
differences, agree; make the best of, make a virtue
of necessity; take the will for the deed.
% Section IV. POSSESSIVE RELATIONS % — That is, relations which concern property. — % 1. Property in general %
#775. Acquisition.—
N. acquisition; gaining &c. v.; obtainment;
procuration[obs3], procurement; purchase, descent,
inheritance; gift &c. 784.
recovery, retrieval,
revendication[obs3], replevin[Law], restitution
&c. 790; redemption, salvage, trover[Law].
find, trouvaille[obs3],
foundling.
gain, thrift; money-making,
money grubbing; lucre, filthy lucre, pelf;
loaves and fishes, the main chance; emolument &c.
(remuneration) 973.
profit, earnings, winnings,
innings, pickings, net profit; avails;
income &c. (receipt) 810; proceeds, produce, product;
outcome, output; return, fruit, crop, harvest; second
crop, aftermath; benefit &c. (good) 618.
sweepstakes, trick,
prize, pool; pot; wealth &c. 803.
subreption[obs3][Fraudulent
acquisition]; obreption[obs3]; stealing
&c. 791.
V. acquire, get, gain,
win, earn, obtain, procure, gather; collect &c.
(assemble) 72; pick, pickup; glean.
find; come upon, pitch
upon, light upon; scrape up, scrape together;
get in, reap and carry, net, bag, sack, bring home,
secure; derive, draw, get in the harvest.
profit; make profit,
draw profit, turn a quick profit; turn to profit,
turn to account; make capital out of, make money by;
obtain a return, reap the fruits of; reap an advantage,
gain an advantage; turn a penny, turn an honest penny;
make the pot boil, bring grist to the mill; make money,
coin money, raise money; raise funds, raise the wind;
fill one’s pocket &c. (wealth) 803.
treasure up &c. (store)
636; realize, clear; produce &c. 161; take &c.
789.
get back, recover, regain,
retrieve, revendicate[obs3], replevy[Law],
redeem, come by one’s own.
come by, come in for;
receive &c. 785; inherit; step into a fortune,
step into the shoes of; succeed to.
get hold of, get between
one’s finger and thumb, get into one’s
hand,
get at; take possession, come into possession, enter
into possession.
be profitable &c. adj.;
pay, answer.
accrue &c. (be received)
785.
Adj. acquiring, acquired
&c. v.; profitable, advantageous, gainful,
remunerative, paying, lucrative.
Phr. lucri causa[Lat].
#776. Loss.—
N. loss; deperdition[obs3], perdition; forfeiture,
lapse.
privation, bereavement;
deprivation &c. (dispossession) 789; riddance;
damage, squandering, waste.
V. lose; incur a loss,
experience a loss, meet with a loss; miss;
mislay, let slip, allow to slip through the fingers;
be without &c. (exempt) 777a; forfeit.
get rid of &c. 782;
waste &c. 638.
be lost; lapse.
Adj. losing &c. v.;
not having &c. 777a.
shorn of, deprived of;
denuded, bereaved, bereft, minus, cut off;
dispossessed &c. 789; rid of, quit of; out of pocket.
lost &c. v.; long lost;
irretrievable &c. (hopeless) 859; off one’s
hands.
Int. farewell to! adieu
to.
— p. 259 —
— emphasize the abstract meaning of possession — legal possession, as a distinct entity from physical possession, stewardship —
#777. Possession.—
N. possession, seizin[Law], seisin[Law]; ownership
&c. 780; occupancy; hold, holding; tenure, tenancy,
feodality[obs3], dependency; villenage, villeinage[obs3];
socage[obs3], chivalry, knight service.
exclusive possession,
impropriation[obs3], monopoly, retention &c.781;
prepossession, preoccupancy[obs3]; nine points of
the law; corner, usucaption[obs3].
future possession, heritage,
inheritance, heirship, reversion, fee,
seigniority[obs3]; primogeniture, ultimogeniture[obs3].
futures contract[right
of future possession; financial instruments],
warrant, put, call, option; right of first refusal.
bird in hand, uti possidetis[Lat],
chose in possession.
V. possess, have, hold,
occupy, enjoy; be possessed of &c. adj.; have
in hand &c. adj.; own &c. 780; command.
inherit; come to, come
in for.
engross, monopolize,
forestall, regrate[obs3], impropriate[obs3], have
all to oneself; corner; have a firmhold of &c. (retain)
781[obs3]; get into one’s hand &c. (acquire)
775.
belong to, appertain
to, pertain to; be in one’s possession &c. adj.;
vest in.
Adj. possessing &c.
v.; worth; possessed of, seized of, master of, in
possession of; usucapient[obs3]; endowed with, blest
with, instinct with, fraught with, laden with, charged
with.
possessed &c. v.; on
hand, by one; in hand, in store, in stock; in
one’s hands, in one’s grasp, in one’s
possession; at one’s command, at one’s
disposal; one’s own &c. (property) 780.
unsold, unshared.
Phr. entbehre gern was
du nicht hast[Ger]; meum et tuum[Lat]; tuum
est[Lat].
#777a. Exemption.—
N. exemption; absence &c. 187; exception,
immunity, privilege, release.
V. not have &c. 777;
be without &c. adj.; excuse.
Adj. exempt from, devoid
of, without, unpossessed of[obs3], unblest
with[obs3]; immune from.
not having &c. 777;
unpossessed[obs3]; untenanted &c. (vacant) 187;
without an owner.
unobtained[obs3], unacquired.
#778. [Joint possession.]
Participation.— N. participation;
cotenancy[obs3], joint tenancy; occupancy in common,
possession in common, tenancy in common; joint stock,
common stock; co-partnership, partnership; communion;
community of possessions, community of goods; communism,
socialism; cooperation &c. 709.
snacks, coportion|,
picnic, hotchpot[obs3]; co-heirship, co-
parceny[obs3], co-parcenary; gavelkind[obs3].
participator, sharer;
co-partner, partner; shareholder; co-tenant,
joint tenant; tenants in common; co-heir, co-parcener[obs3].
communist, socialist.
V. participate, partake;
share, share in; come in for a share; go
#779. Possessor.—
N. possessor, holder; occupant, occupier; tenant;
person in possession, man in possession &c.777; renter,
lodger, lessee, underlessee[obs3]; zemindar[obs3],
ryot[obs3]; tenant on sufferance, tenant at will,
tenant from year to year, tenant for years, tenant
for life.
owner; proprietor, proprietress,
proprietary; impropriator[obs3],
master, mistress, lord.
land holder, land owner,
landlord, land lady, slumlord; lord of the
manor, lord paramount; heritor, laird, vavasour[obs3],
landed gentry, mesne lord[obs3]; planter.
cestui-que-trust[Fr],
beneficiary, mortgagor.
grantee, feoffee[obs3],
releasee[Law], relessee[obs3], devisee;
legatee, legatary[obs3].
trustee; holder &c.
of the legal estate; mortgagee.
right owner, rightful
owner.
[Future possessor] heir
presumptive, heir apparent; heiress;
inheritor, inheritress, inheritrix; reversioner[obs3],
remainderman[obs3].
— p. 260 —
#780. Property.—
N. property, possession, suum cuique[Lat], meum et
tuum[Lat].
ownership, proprietorship,
lordship; seignority[obs3]; empire &c.
(dominion) 737.
interest, stake, estate,
right, title, claim, demand, holding; tenure
&c. (possession) 777; vested interest, contingent
interest, beneficial interest, equitable interest;
use, trust, benefit; legal estate, equitable estate;
seizin[Law], seisin[Law].
absolute interest, paramount
estate, freehold; fee tail, fee simple;
estate in fee, estate in tail, estate tail; estate
in tail male, estate in tail female, estate in tail
general.
limitation, term, lease,
settlement, strict settlement, particular
estate; estate for life, estate for years, estate
pur autre vie[Fr]; remainder, reversion, expectancy,
possibility.
dower, dowry, jointure[obs3],
appanage, inheritance, heritage,
patrimony, alimony; legacy &c. (gift) 784; Falcidian
law, paternal estate, thirds.
assets, belongings,
means, resources, circumstances; wealth &c. 803;
money &c. 800; what one is worth, what one will cut
up for; estate and effects.
landed property, landed
real estate property; realty; land, lands;
tenements; hereditaments; corporeal hereditaments,
incorporeal hereditaments; acres; ground &c. (earth)
342; acquest[obs3], messuage, toft[obs3].
territory, state, kingdom,
principality, realm, empire, protectorate,
sphere of influence.
manor, honor, domain,
demesne; farm, plantation, hacienda; allodium
&c. (free) 748[obs3]; fief, fieff[obs3], feoff[obs3],
#781. Retention.—
N. retention; retaining &c. v.; keep, detention,
custody; tenacity, firm hold, grasp, gripe, grip,
iron grip.
fangs, teeth, claws,
talons, nail, unguis, hook, tentacle, tenaculum;
bond &c. (vinculum) 45.
clutches, tongs, forceps,
pincers, nippers, pliers, vice.
paw, hand, finger, wrist,
fist, neaf[obs3], neif[obs3].
bird in hand; captive
&c.754.
V. retain, keep; hold
fast one’s own, hold tight one’s own, hold
fast
one’s ground, hold tight one’s ground;
clinch, clench, clutch, grasp, gripe, hug, have a
firm hold of.
secure, withhold, detain;
hold back, keep back; keep close; husband
&c. (store) 636; reserve; have in stock, have on hand,
keep in stock &c. (possess) 777; entail, tie up, settle.
Adj. retaining &c. v.;
retentive, tenacious.
unforfeited[obs3], undeprived,
undisposed, uncommunicated.
incommunicable, inalienable;
in mortmain[Fr]; in strict settlement.
Phr. uti possidetis[Lat].
— p. 261 —
#782. Relinquishment.—
N. relinquishment, abandonment &c. (of a
course) 624; renunciation, expropriation|!, dereliction;
cession, surrender, dispensation; quitclaim deed;
resignation &c.757; riddance.
derelict &c. adj.; foundling;
jetsam, waif.
discards, culls, rejects;
garbage, refuse, rubbish.
V. relinquish, give
up, surrender, yield, cede; let go, let slip;
spare, drop, resign, forego, renounce, abandon, expropriate|!,
give away, dispose of, part with; lay aside, lay apart,
lay down, lay on the shelf &c. (disuse) 678; set aside,
put aside, put away; make away with, cast behind;
maroon.
% 2. Transfer of Property %
#783. Transfer.—
N. transfer, conveyance, assignment, alienation,
abalienation[obs3]; demise, limitation; conveyancing[obs3];
transmission &c. (transference) 270; enfeoffment[obs3],
bargain and sale, lease and release; exchange &c.
(interchange) 148; barter &c. 794; substitution &c.
147.
succession, reversion;
shifting use, shifting trust; devolution.
V. transfer, convey;
alienate, alien; assign; grant &c. (confer) 784;
consign; make over, hand over; pass, hand, transmit,
negotiate; hand down; exchange &c.(interchange) 148.
change hands, change
hands from one to another; devolve, succeed; come
into possession &c. (acquire) 775.
abalienate[obs3]; disinherit;
dispossess &c. 789; substitute &c. 147.
Adj. alienable, negotiable.
Phr. estate coming into
possession.
#784. Giving.—
N. giving &c. v.; bestowal, bestowment[obs3],
donation; presentation, presentment; accordance; concession;
delivery, consignment, dispensation, communication,
endowment; investment, investiture; award.
almsgiving[obs3], charity,
liberality, generosity.
[Thing given] gift,
donation, present, cadeau[obs3]; fairing; free
gift, boon, favor, benefaction, grant, offering, oblation,
sacrifice, immolation; lagniappe [U.S.], pilon [obs3][U.S.].
grace, act of grace,
bonus.
allowance, contribution,
subscription, subsidy, tribute, subvention.
bequest, legacy, devise,
will, dotation[obs3], dot, appanage;
voluntary settlement, voluntary conveyance &c. 783;
amortization.
alms, largess, bounty,
dole, sportule|, donative[obs3], help,
oblation, offertory, honorarium, gratuity, Peter pence,
sportula[obs3], Christmas box, Easter offering, vail[obs3],
douceur[Fr], drink money, pourboire, trinkgeld[Ger],
bakshish[obs3]; fee &c. (recompense) 973; consideration.
bribe, bait, ground
bait; peace offering, handsel; boodle*, graft,
grease*;blat[Russian].
giver, grantor &c. v.;
donor, feoffer[obs3], settlor.
V. deliver, hand, pass,
put into the hands of; hand over, make over,
— p. 262 —
#785. Receiving.—
N. receiving &c. v.; acquisition &c. 775; reception
&c. (introduction) 296; suscipiency|!, acceptance,
admission.
recipient, accipient[obs3];
assignee, devisee; legatee,
legatary[obs3]; grantee, feoffee[obs3], donee[Fr],
releasee[Law], relessee[obs3], lessee; receiver.
sportulary|, stipendiary;
beneficiary; pensioner, pensionary[obs3];
almsman[obs3].
income &c. (receipt)
810.
V. receive; take &c.
789; acquire &c. 775; admit.
take in, catch, touch;
pocket; put into one’s pocket, put into one’s
purse; accept; take off one’s hands.
be received; come in,
come to hand; pass into one’s hand, fall into
one’s hand; go into one’s pocket; fall
to one’s lot, fall to one’s share; come
to one, fall to one; accrue; have given &c. 784 to
one.
Adj. receiving &c. v.;
recipient, suscipient|!.
received &c. v.; given
&c. 784; secondhand.
not given, unbestowed
&c. (see give, bestow &c. 784).
#786. Apportionment.—
N. apportionment, allotment, consignment,
assignment, appointment; appropriation; dispensation,
distribution; division, deal; repartition, partition;
administration.
dividend, portion, contingent,
share, allotment, fair share,
allocation, lot, measure, dose; dole, meed, pittance;
quantum, ration; ratio, proportion, quota, modicum,
mess, allowance; suerte[obs3].
V. apportion, divide;
distribute, administer, dispense; billet, allot,
detail, cast, share, mete; portion out, parcel out,
dole out; deal, carve.
allocate, ration, ration
out; assign; separate &c. 44.
partition, assign, appropriate,
appoint.
come in for one’s
share &c. (participate) 778.
Adj. apportioning &c.
v.; respective.
Adv. respectively, each
to each.
#787. Lending.—
N. lending &c. v.; loan, advance, accommodation,
feneration|; mortgage, second mortgage, home loan
&c. (security) 771; investment; note, bond, commercial
paper.
mont de piete[Fr], pawnshop,
my uncle’s.
lender, pawnbroker,
money lender; usurer, loan shark.
loaner
V[item loaned][coll.].
lend, advance, accommodate with; lend on
security; loan; pawn &c. (security) 771.
intrust, invest; place
out to interest, put out to interest.
let, demise, lease,
sett[obs3], underlet.
Adj. lending &c. v.;
lent &c. v.; unborrowed &c. (see borrowed &c.
788)[obs3].
Adv. in advance; on
loan, on security.
#788. Borrowing.—
N. borrowing, pledging.
borrowed plumes; plagiarism
&c. (thieving) 791.
replevin[Law].
V. borrow, desume|.
hire, rent, farm; take
a lease, take a demise; take by the hour, take
by the mile, take by the year &c., hire by the hour,
hire by the mile, hire by the year &c.; adopt, apply,
appropriate, imitate, make use of, take.
raise money, take up
money; raise the wind; fly a kite, borrow from
Peter to pay Paul; run into debt &c. (debt) 806.
replevy[Law].
— p. 263 —
#789. Taking.—
N. taking &c. v.; reception &c. (taking in) 296;
deglutition &c. (taking food) 298; appropriation,
prehension, prensation|; capture, caption; apprehension,
deprehension|; abreption|, seizure, expropriation,
abduction, ablation; subtraction, withdrawal &c. 38;
abstraction, ademption[obs3]; adrolepsy|!.
dispossession; deprivation,
deprivement[obs3]; bereavement;
divestment; disherison[obs3]; distraint, distress;
sequestration, confiscation; eviction &c. 297.
rapacity, rapaciousness,
extortion, vampirism; theft &c.791.
resumption; reprise,
reprisal; recovery &c. 775.
clutch, swoop, wrench;
grip &c. (retention) 781; haul, take, catch;
scramble.
taker, captor.
[Geol: descent
of one of the earth’s crustal plates under another
plate] subduction.
V. take, catch, hook,
nab, bag, sack, pocket, put into one’s pocket;
receive; accept.
reap, crop, cull, pluck;
gather &c. (get) 775; draw.
appropriate, expropriate,
impropriate[obs3]; assume, possess oneself
of; take possession of; commandeer; lay one’s
hands on, clap one’s hands on; help oneself
to; make free with, dip one’s hands into, lay
under contribution; intercept; scramble for; deprive
of.
take away, carry away,
bear away, take off, carry off, bear off;
adeem|!; abstract; hurry off with, run away with;
abduct; steal &c. 791; ravish; seize; pounce upon,
spring upon; swoop to, swoop down upon; take by storm,
take by assault; snatch, reave[obs3].
snap up, nip up, whip
up, catch up; kidnap, crimp, capture, lay
violent hands on.
get hold of, lay hold
of, take hold of, catch hold of, lay fast hold
#790. Restitution.—
N. restitution, return; rendition,
reddition[obs3]; restoration; reinvestment, recuperation;
rehabilitation &c. (reconstruction) 660; reparation,
atonement; compensation, indemnification.
release, replevin[Law],
redemption; recovery &c. (getting back) 775;
remitter, reversion.
V. return, restore;
give back, carry back, bring back; render, render
up; give up; let go, unclutch; disgorge, regorge[obs3];
regurgitate; recoup, reimburse, compensate, indemnify;
remit, rehabilitate; repair &c. (make good) 660.
[transitive] reinvest,
revest, reinstate.
redeem, recover &c.
(get back) 775; take back again.
[intransitive] revest,
revert.
Adj. restoring &c. v.;
recuperative &c. 660.
Phr. suum cuique[Lat].
— p. 264 —
#791. Stealing.—
N. stealing &c. v.; theft, thievery, latrociny|,
direption[obs3]; abstraction, appropriation; plagiary,
plagiarism; autoplagiarism[obs3]; latrocinium[obs3].
spoliation, plunder,
pillage; sack, sackage[obs3]; rapine, brigandage,
foray, razzia[obs3], rape, depredation, raid; blackmail.
piracy, privateering,
buccaneering; license to plunder, letters of
marque, letters of mark and reprisal.
filibustering, filibusterism[obs3];
burglary; housebreaking; badger
game*.
robbery, highway robbery,
hold-up* [U.S.], mugging.
peculation, embezzlement;
fraud &c. 545; larceny, petty larceny, grand
larceny, shoplifting.
thievishness, rapacity,
kleptomania, Alsatia[obs3], den of Cacus, den
of thieves.
blackmail, extortion,
shakedown, Black Hand [U.S.].
[person who commits
theft] thief &c. 792.
#792. Thief.—
N. thief, robber, homo triumliterarum[obs3][Lat],
pilferer, rifler, filcher[obs3], plagiarist.
spoiler, depredator,
pillager, marauder; harpy, shark*, land shark,
falcon, mosstrooper[obs3], bushranger[obs3], Bedouin|!,
brigand, freebooter, bandit, thug, dacoit[obs3]; pirate,
corsair, viking, Paul Jones|!, buccaneer, buccanier|!;
piqueerer|, pickeerer|; rover, ranger, privateer,
filibuster; rapparee[obs3], wrecker, picaroon[obs3];
smuggler, poacher; abductor, badger*, bunko man, cattle
thief, chor[obs3], contrabandist[obs3], crook, hawk,
holdup man, hold-up* [U.S.], jackleg* [obs3][U.S.],
kidnaper, rustler, cattle rustler, sandbagger, sea
king, skin*, sneak thief, spieler[obs3], strong-arm
man [U.S.].
highwayman, Dick Turpin,
Claude Duval, Macheath, footpad, sturdy
beggar.
cut purse, pick purse;
pickpocket, light-fingered gentry; sharper;
card sharper, skittle sharper; thimblerigger; rook*,
Greek, blackleg, leg, welsher*; defaulter; Autolycus[obs3],
Jeremy Diddler[obs3], Robert Macaire, artful dodger,
trickster; swell mob*, chevalier d’industrie
[Fr]; shoplifter.
swindler, peculator;
forger, coiner; fence, receiver of stolen goods,
duffer; smasher.
burglar, housebreaker;
cracksman[obs3], magsman*[obs3]; Bill Sikes,
Jack Sheppard, Jonathan Wild.
gang[group of
thieves], gang of thieves, theft ring; organized crime,
mafia, the Sicilian Mafia, the mob, la cosa nostra
[Italian].
Dillinger[famous
thieves], Al Capone; Robin Hood.
#793. Booty.— N. booty, spoil, plunder, prize, loot, swag*, pickings; spolia opima[Lat], prey; blackmail; stolen goods. Adj. manubial|.
% 3. Interchange of Property %
#794. Barter.—
N. barter, exchange, scorse|, truck system;
interchange &c. 148.
a Roland for an Oliver;
quid pro quo; commutation, composition; Indian
gift [U.S.].
trade, commerce, mercature|,
buying and selling, bargain and sale;
traffic, business, nundination|, custom, shopping;
commercial enterprise, speculation, jobbing, stockjobbing[obs3],
agiotage[obs3], brokery[obs3].
deal, dealing, transaction,
negotiation, bargain.
free trade.
V. barter, exchange,
swap, swop[obs3], truck, scorse|; interchange &c.
148; commutate &c.(substitute) 147; compound for.
trade, traffic, buy
and sell, give and take, nundinate|; carry on a
trade, ply a trade, drive a trade; be in business,
be in the city; keep a shop, deal in, employ one’s
capital in.
trade with, deal with,
have dealings with; transact business with, do
business with; open an account with, keep an account
with.
bargain; drive a bargain,
make a bargain; negotiate, bid for; haggle,
higgle[obs3]; dicker [U.S.]; chaffer, huckster, cheapen,
beat down; stickle, stickle for; out bid, under bid;
ask, charge; strike a bargain &c. (contract) 769.
speculate, give a sprat
to catch a herring; buy in the cheapest and
sell in the dearest market, buy low and sell high;
corner the market; rig the market, stag the market.
Adj. commercial, mercantile,
trading; interchangeable, marketable,
staple, in the market, for sale.
wholesale, retail.
Adv. across the counter.
Phr. cambio non e furto[It].
— p. 265 —
#795. Purchase.—
N. purchase, emption[obs3]; buying, purchasing,
shopping; preemption, refusal.
coemption[obs3], bribery;
slave trade.
buyer, purchaser, emptor,
vendee; patron, employer, client, customer,
clientele.
V. buy, purchase, invest
in, procure; rent &c. (hire) 788; repurchase,
buy in.
keep in one’s
pay, bribe, suborn; pay &c.807; spend &c.809.
make a purchase, complete
a purchase; buy over the counter.
shop, market, go shopping.
Adj. purchased &c. v.
Phr. caveat emptor;
the customer is always right.
#796. Sale.—
N. sale, vent, disposal; auction, roup, Dutch auction;
outcry, vendue[obs3]; custom &c. (traffic) 794.
vendibility, vendibleness[obs3].
seller; vender, vendor;
merchant &c. 797; auctioneer.
V. sell, vend, dispose
of, effect a sale; sell over the counter, sell
by auction &c. n.; dispense, retail; deal in &c. 794;
sell off, sell out; turn into money, realize; bring
to the hammer, bring under the hammer, put up to auction,
put up for auction; offer for sale, put up for sale;
hawk, bring to market; offer &c. 763; undersell.
let; mortgage &c.(security)
771.
Adj. under the hammer,
on the market, for sale.
salable, marketable,
vendible; unsalable &c., unpurchased[obs3],
unbought; on one’s hands.
Phr. chose qui plait
est a demi vendue[obs3][Fr].
#797. Merchant.—
N. merchant, trader, dealer, monger, chandler,
salesman; changer; regrater[obs3]; shopkeeper, shopman[obs3];
tradesman, tradespeople, tradesfolk.
retailer; chapman, hawker,
huckster, higgler[obs3]; pedlar,
colporteur, cadger, Autolycus[obs3]; sutler[obs3],
vivandiere[obs3]; costerman[obs3], costermonger[obs3];
tallyman; camelot; faker; vintner.
money broker, money
changer, money lender; cambist[obs3], usurer,
moneyer[obs3], banker.
jobber; broker &c. (agent)
758; buyer &c. 795; seller &c.796; bear,
bull.
concern; firm &c. (partnership)
712.
#798. Merchandise.— N. merchandise, ware, commodity, effects, goods, article, stock, product, produce, staple commodity; stock in trade &c. (store) 636; cargo &c. (contents) 190.
#799. Mart.—
N. mart; market, marketplace; fair, bazaar, staple,
exchange, change, bourse, hall, guildhall; tollbooth,
customhouse; Tattersall’s.
stall, booth, stand,
newsstand; cart, wagon.
wharf; office, chambers,
countinghouse, bureau; counter, compter[Fr].
shop, emporium, establishment;
store &c.636; department store, general
store, five and ten, variety store, co-op, finding
store [U.S.], grindery warehouse[obs3].
[food stores: list]
grocery, supermarket, candy store, sweet shop,
confectionery, bakery, greengrocer, delicatessen,
bakeshop, butcher shop, fish store, farmers’
market, mom and pop store, dairy, health food store.
[specialized stores:
list] tobacco shop, tobacco store, tobacconists,
cigar store, hardware store, jewelry shop, bookstore,
liquor store, gun shop, rod and reel shop, furniture
store, drugstore, chemist’s [British], florist,
flower shop, shoe store, stationer, stationer’s,
electronics shop, telephone store, music store, record
shop, fur store, sporting goods store, video store,
video rental store; lumber store, lumber yard, home
improvements store, home improvement center; gas station,
auto repair shop, auto dealer, used car dealer.
mall, suburban mall,
commons, pedestrian mall; shopping street.
surplus store, army-navy
surplus store.
[locations where used
articles are sold] auction; flea market; yard
sale, garage sale; pawn shop; antiques store; second-hand
store, second time around shop, thrift shop.
warehouse, wareroom[obs3];
depot, interposit[obs3], entrepot[Fr].
market-overt.
real-estate broker.
vending machine.
— here add entry for stock market (financial
instruments market ) and
securities —
#799a. Stock Market
[specialized markets for financial instruments] —
N. stock market, stock exchange, securities exchange;
bourse, board; the
big board, the New York Stock Exchange; the market,
the open market; over-
the-counter market; privately traded issues.
commodities exchange,
futures exchange, futures market.
#799b. Securities.
— N. securities, stocks, common stock,
preferred
stock, bonds, puts, calls, options, option contract,
warrants, commercial paper, bearer bond, tax-exempt
bond, callable bond, convertable bond[obs3].
share, stock certificate;
coupon, bond coupon.
liquid assets.
— p. 266 — % 4. Monetary Relations %
#800. Money.—
N. money, legal tender; money matters, money market;
finance; accounts &c. 811; funds, treasure; capital,
stock; assets &c.(property) 780; wealth &c. 803; supplies,
ways and means, wherewithal, sinews of war, almighty
dollar, needful, cash; mammon.
[colloquial terms for
money] dough, cabbage.
money-like instruments,
M1, M2.
sum, amount; balance,
balance sheet; sum total; proceeds &c.(receipts)
810.
currency, circulating
medium, specie, coin, piece[Fr], hard cash, cold
cash; dollar, sterling coin; pounds shillings and
pence; Ls.d.; pocket, breeches pocket, purse; money
in hand, cash at hand; ready money, ready cash; slug
[U.S.], wad* wad of bills[U.S.], wad of money, thick
wad of bills, roll of dough[coll]; rhino|!, blunt|!,
dust|!, mopus|!, tin|!, salt|!, chink|!; argent comptant[Lat];
bottom dollar, buzzard dollar|!; checks, dibs*[obs3].
[specific types of currency]
double eagle, eagle; Federal currency,
fractional currency, postal currency; Federal Reserve
Note, United States Note, silver certificate [obsolete],
gold certificate [obsolete]; long bit, short bit [U.S.];
moss, nickel, pile*, pin money, quarter [U.S.], red
cent, roanoke[obs3], rock*; seawan[obs3], seawant[obs3];
thousand dollars, grand[coll.].
[types of paper currency,
U.S.] single, one-dollar bill; two-dollar
bill; five-dollar bill, fiver[coll.], fin [coll.],
Lincoln; ten-dollar bill, sawbuck; twenty-dollar bill,
Jackson, double sawbuck; fifty-dollar bill; hundred-dollar
bill, C-note.
[types of U.S. coins:
list] penny, cent, Lincoln cent, indian head
penny, copper[1700 -1900]; two-cent piece three-cent
#801. Treasurer.—
N. treasurer; bursar, bursary; purser, purse
bearer; cash keeper, banker; depositary; questor[obs3],
receiver, steward, trustee, accountant, Accountant
General, almoner, liquidator, paymaster, cashier,
teller; cambist[obs3]; money changer &c. (merchant)
797.
financier.
Secretary of the Treasury;
Chancellor of the Exchequer, minister of
finance.
#802. Treasury.—
N. treasury, bank, exchequer, fisc, hanaper[obs3];
cash register, kutcherry[obs3], bursary; strong box,
strong hold, strong room; coffer; chest &c.(receptacle)
191; safe; bank vault; depository &c. 636; till, tiller;
purse; money bag, money box; porte-monnaie[Fr].
purse strings; pocket,
breeches pocket.
sinking fund; stocks;
public stocks, public funds, public securities,
parliamentary stocks, parliamentary funds, parliamentary
securities; Consols, credit mobilier[Fr]; bonds.
#803. Wealth.—
N. wealth, riches, fortune, handsome fortune,
opulence, affluence; good circumstances, easy circumstances;
independence; competence &c. (sufficiency) 639; solvency.
provision, livelihood,
maintenance; alimony, dowry; means, resources,
substance; property &c. 780; command of money.
income &c. 810; capital,
money; round sum &c. (treasure) 800; mint of
money, mine of wealth, El Dorado[Sp], bonanza, Pacatolus,
Golconda, Potosi.
long purse, full purse,
well lined purse, heavy purse, deep pockets;
purse of Fortunatus[Lat]; embarras de richesses[Fr].
pelf, Mammon, lucre,
filthy lucre; loaves and fishes|!.
rich man, moneyed man,
warm man; man of substance; capitalist,
millionaire, tippybob*[obs3], Nabob, Croesus, idas,
Plutus, Dives, Timon of Athens[obs3]; Timocracy, Plutocracy;
Danae.
V. be rich &c. adj.;
roll in wealth, roll in riches, wallow in wealth,
wallow in riches.
afford, well afford;
command money, command a sum; make both ends
— p. 267 —
#804. Poverty.—
N. poverty, indigence, penury, pauperism,
destitution, want; need, neediness; lack, necessity,
privation, distress, difficulties, wolf at the door.
bad circumstances, poor
circumstances, need circumstances, embarrassed
circumstances, reduced circumstances, straightened
circumstances; slender means, narrow means; straits;
hand to mouth existence, res angusta domi[obs3][Lat],
low water, impecuniosity.
beggary; mendicancy,
mendicity[obs3]; broken fortune, loss of fortune;
insolvency &c. (nonpayment) 808.
empty pocket, empty
purse; light purse; beggarly account of empty
boxes.
[poor people] poor man,
pauper, mendicant, mumper[obs3], beggar,
starveling; pauvre diable[Fr]; fakir|!, schnorrer|!;
homeless person.
V. be poor &c. adj.;
want, lack, starve, live from hand to mouth, have
seen better days, go down in the world, come upon
the parish; go to the dogs, go to wrack and ruin;
not have a penny &c. (money) 800, not have a shot
in one’s locker; beg one’s bread; tirer
le diable par la queue[Fr]; run into debt &c. (debt)
806.
render poor &c. adj.;
impoverish; reduce, reduce to poverty;
pauperize, fleece, ruin, bring to the parish.
Adj. poor, indigent;
poverty-stricken; badly off, poorly off, ill off;
poor as a rat, poor as a church mouse, poor as a Job;
fortuneless[obs3], dowerless[obs3], moneyless[obs3],
penniless; unportioned[obs3], unmoneyed[obs3]; impecunious;
out of money, out of cash, short of money, short of
cash; without a rap, not worth a rap &c.(money) 800;
qui n’a pas le sou[Fr], out of pocket, hard
up; out at elbows, out at heels; seedy, bare-footed;
beggarly, beggared; destitute; fleeced, stripped; bereft,
#805. Credit.—
N. credit, trust, tick, score, tally, account.
letter of credit, circular
note; duplicate; mortgage, lien, debenture,
paper credit, floating capital; draft, lettre de creance[Fr][obs3],
securities.
creditor, lender, lessor,
mortgagee; dun; usurer.
credit account, line
of credit, open line of credit.
credit card.
V. keep an account with,
run up an account with; intrust, credit,
accredit.
place to one’s
credit, credit to one’s account, place to one’s
account|!; give credit, take credit; fly a kite|!.
Adj. crediting, credited;
accredited.
Adv. on credit &c. n.;
on account; to the account of, to the credit
of; a compte[Fr].
#806. Debt.—
N. debt, obligation, liability, indebtment[obs3], debit,
score.
bill; check; account
(credit) 805.
arrears, deferred payment,
deficit, default, insolvency &c.
(nonpayment) 808; bad debt.
interest; premium; usance[obs3],
usury; floating debt, floating
capital.
debtor, debitor[obs3];
mortgagor; defaulter &c. 808; borrower.
V. be in debt &c. adj.;
owe; incur a debt, contract a debt &c. n.; run
up a bill, run up a score, run up an account; go on
tick; borrow &c. 788; run into debt, get into debt,
outrun the constable; run up debts, run up bills (spend)
809..
answer for, go bail
for.
[notify a person of
his indebtedness: ISA:written_communication] bill,
charge.
Adj. indebted; liable,
chargeable, answerable for.
in debt, in embarrassed
circumstances, in difficulties; incumbered,
involved; involved in debt, plunged in debt, deep
in debt, over one’s head in debt, over head
and ears in debt; deeply involved; fast tied up; insolvent
&c. (not paying) 808; minus, out of pocket.
unpaid; unrequited,
unrewarded; owing, due, in arrear[obs3],
outstanding; past due.
Phr. aes alienum debitorem
leve gravius inimicum facit [obs3][Latin];
“neither a borrower nor a lender be” [Hamlet].
— p. 268 —
— make salary separate —
#807. Payment.—
N. payment, defrayment[obs3]; discharge; acquittance,
quittance; settlement, clearance, liquidation, satisfaction,
reckoning,
arrangement.
acknowledgment, release;
receipt, receipt in full, receipt in full of
all demands; voucher.
salary, compensation,
remuneration (reward) 973.
repayment, reimbursement,
retribution; pay &c.(reward) 973; money paid
&c. (expenditure) 809.
ready money &c. (cash)
800; stake, remittance, installment.
payer, liquidator &c.
801.
pay cash, pay cash on
the barrelhead.
V. pay, defray, make
payment; paydown, pay on the nail, pay ready
money, pay at sight, pay in advance; cash, honor a
bill, acknowledge;
redeem; pay in kind.
pay one’s way,
pay one’s shot, pay one’s footing; pay
the piper, pay
sauce for all, pay costs; do the needful; shell out,
fork out; cough up
[coll.], fork over; come down with, come down with
the dust; tickle the
palm, grease the palm; expend &c. 809; put down, lay
down.
discharge, settle, quit,
acquit oneself of; foot the bill; account
with, reckon with, settle with, be even with, be quits
with; strike a
balance; settle accounts with, balance accounts with,
square accounts with;
quit scores; wipe off old scores, clear off old scores;
satisfy; pay in
full; satisfy all demands, pay in full of all demands;
clear, liquidate;
pay up, pay old debts.
disgorge, make repayment;
repay, refund, reimburse, retribute[obs3];
make compensation &c.30.
pay by credit card,
put it on the plastic.
Adj. paying &c. paid
&c. v.; owing nothing, out of debt, all straight;
unowed[obs3], never indebted.
Adv. to the tune of;
on the nail, money down.
#808. Nonpayment
— N. nonpayment; default, defalcation;
protest,
repudiation; application of the sponge|!; whitewashing.
insolvency, bankruptcy,
failure; insufficiency &c. 640; run upon a
bank; overdrawn account.
waste paper bonds; dishonored
bills, protested bills; bogus check,
bogus cheque, rubber check.
bankrupt, insolvent,
debtor, lame duck, man of straw, welsher, stag,
defaulter, levanter|!.
V. not pay &c. 807;
fail, break, stop payment; become insolvent,
become bankrupt; be gazetted.
protest, dishonor, repudiate,
nullify, refuse payment.
pay under protest; button
up one’s pockets, draw the purse strings;
apply the sponge; pay over the left shoulder, get
whitewashed; swindle &c. 791; run up bills, fly kites.
Adj. not paying, non-paying,
non-performing; in debt &c. 806;
behindhand, in arrear[obs3], behind in payments, in
arrears; beggared &c. (poor) 804; unable to make
both ends meet, minus; worse than nothing; worthless.
insolvent, bankrupt,
in the gazette, gazetted.
unpaid &c. (outstanding)
806; gratis &c. 815; unremunerated.
#809. Expenditure.—
N. expenditure, money going out; out goings, out
lay; expenses, disbursement; prime cost &c. (price)
812; circulation; run upon a bank.
payment &c.807[Money
paid]; pay &c. (remuneration) 973; bribe &c.
973; fee, footing, garnish; subsidy; tribute; contingent,
quota; donation &c.784.
pay in advance, earnest,
handsel, deposit, installment.
investment; purchase
&c. 795.
V. expend, spend; run
through, get through; pay, disburse; ante, ante
up; pony up* [U.S.]; open the purse strings, loose
the purse strings, untie the purse strings; lay out,
shell out*, fork out*, fork over; bleed; make up a
sum, invest, sink money.
run up debts, run up
bills (debt) 806.
fee &c. (reward) 973;
pay one’s way &c. (pay) 807; subscribe &c.
(give) 784; subsidize.
Adj. expending, expended
&c. v.; sumptuary.
Phr. vectigalia nervos
esse reipublicae [Lat][Cicero].
#810. Receipt.—
N. receipt, value received, money coming in; income,
incomings, innings, revenue, return, proceeds; gross
receipts, net profit; earnings &c. (gain) 775; accepta[obs3],
avails.
rent, rent roll; rental,
rentage[obs3]; rack-rent.
premium, bonus; sweepstakes,
tontine.
pension, annuity; jointure
&c.(property) 780[obs3]; alimony, palimony
[coll.], pittance; emolument &c. (remuneration) 973.
V. receive &c. 785;
take money; draw from, derive from; acquire &c.
775; take &c. 789.
bring in, yield, afford,
pay, return; accrue &c. (be received from)
785.
Adj. receiving, received
&c. v.; profitable &c. (gainful) 775.
— p. 269 —
#811. Accounts.—
N. accounts, accompts|!; commercial arithmetic,
monetary arithmetic; statistics &c. (numeration) 85;
money matters, finance, budget, bill, score, reckoning,
account.
books, account book,
ledger; day book, cash book, pass book; journal;
debtor and creditor account, cash account, running
account; account current; balance, balance sheet;
compte rendu[Fr], account settled, acquit, assets,
expenditure, liabilities, outstanding accounts; profit
and loss account, profit and loss statement, receipts.
bookkeeping, accounting,
double entry bookkeeping, reckoning.
audit.
[person who keeps accounts]
accountant, auditor, actuary, bookkeeper,
bean counter [derogatory]; financier &c. 801; accounting
party; chartered accountant, certified accountant;
accounting firm, auditing firm.
V. keep accounts, enter,
post, book, credit, debit, carry over; take
stock; balance accounts, make up accounts, square
accounts, settle accounts, wind up accounts, cast
up accounts; make accounts square, square accounts.
bring to book, tax,
surcharge and falsify.
audit, field audit;
check the books, verify accounts.
falsify an account,
garble an account, cook an account, cook the
books, doctor an account.
Adj. monetary &c.800;
accountable, accounting.
— tax, value and cost should have separate
entries —
#812. Price.—
N. price, amount, cost, expense, prime cost, charge,
figure; demand, damage; fare, hire, wages &c. (remuneration)
973; value &c. 812a.
dues, duty, toll, tax,
impost, cess[obs3], sess[obs3], tallage[obs3],
levy; abkari[obs3]; capitation tax, poll tax; doomage
[obs3][U.S.], likin[obs3]; gabel[obs3], gabelle[obs3];
gavel, octroi[obs3], custom, excise, assessment, benevolence,
tithe, tenths, exactment[obs3], ransom, salvage, tariff;
brokerage, wharfage, freightage.
bill &c. (account) 811;
shot.
V. bear a price, set
a price, fix a price; appraise, assess, doom
[U.S.], price, charge, demand, ask, require, exact,
run up; distrain; run up a bill &c. (debt) 806; have
one’s price; liquidate.
amount to, come to,
mount up to; stand one in.
fetch, sell for, cost,
bring in, yield, afford.
Adj. priced &c. v.;
to the tune of, ad valorem; dutiable; mercenary,
venal.
Phr. no penny no paternoster[Lat];
point d’argent point de Suisse[Fr],
no longer pipe no longer dance, no song no supper,
if you dance you have to pay the piper, you get what
you pay for, there’s no such thing as a free
lunch.
one may have it for;
a bon marche[Fr].
#812a. Value [intrinsic
worth] — N. {ant. to 812b} worth, rate,
value, intrinsic value, quality; par value.
[estimated value] valuation,
appraisal, assessment, appraisement.
[value as estimated
in a market] price current, market price,
quotation; fair price, going price; what it will fetch
&c. v.; what the market will bear.
money’s worth;
penny &c. worth.
cost (price) 812.
V. value[transitive],
esteem; appreciate.
[estimate value] appraise,
evaluate, assess.
Adj. valuable, estimable;
worthwhile; worthy, full of worth.
precious (expensive)
814.
Phr. worth the price;
worth a king’s ransom; accountants who know the
price of everything and the value of nothing.
#812b. Worthlessness
— N. {ant. to 812a} worthlessness,
valuelessness[obs3]; lack of value; uselessness.
[low value] cheapness,
shoddiness; low quality, poor quality.
[worthless item] trash,
garbage.
Adj. worthless, valueless;
useless.
[of low value] cheap,
shoddy; slapdash.
inexpensive &c. 815.
Phr. not worth the paper
it’s printed on, not worth a sou.
#813. Discount.—
N. discount, abatement, concession, reduction,
depreciation, allowance; qualification, set-off, drawback,
poundage, agio[obs3], percentage; rebate, rebatement[obs3];
backwardation, contango[obs3]; salvage; tare and tret[obs3].
sale, bargain; half
price; price war.
wholesale, wholesale
price; dealer’s price; trade price.
coupon, discount coupon,
cents-off coupon; store coupon,
manufacturer’s coupon; double coupon discount,
#814. Dearness.—
N. dearness &c. adj.; high price, famine price,
fancy price; overcharge; extravagance; exorbitance,
extortion; heavy pull upon the purse.
V. be dear &c. adj.;
cost much, cost a pretty penny; rise in price,
look up.
[demand a price in excess
of value] overcharge, bleed, fleece, extort.
[pay a price in excess
of value] pay too much, pay through the nose,
pay too dear for one’s whistle, pay top dollar.
Adj. dear; high, high
priced; of great price, expensive, costly,
precious; worth a Jew’s eye|!, dear bought.
at a premium.
not to be had, not to
be had for love or money; beyond price, above
price, priceless, of priceless value.
[priced in excess of
value] unreasonable, extravagant, exorbitant,
extortionate; overpriced, more than it’s woth.
Adv. dear, dearly; at
great cost, heavy cost; a grands frais[Fr].
Phr. prices looking
up; le jeu ne vaut pas la chandelle[French]; le
cout en ote le gout[Fr]; vel prece vel pretio[Lat][obs3];
too high a price to pay, not worth it.
— p. 270 —
#815. Cheapness.—
N. cheapness, low price; depreciation; bargain;
good penny &c. worth; snap [U.S.].
[Absence of charge]
gratuity; free quarters, free seats, free
admission, pass, free pass, free warren, give-away,
freebee [coll.]; run of one’s teeth; nominal
price, peppercorn rent; labor of love.
drug in the market;
deadhead[obs3].
V. be cheap &c. adj.;
cost little; come down in price, fall in price.
buy for a mere nothing,
buy for an old song; have one’s money’s
worth.
Adj. cheap; low, low
priced; moderate, reasonable; inexpensive,
unexpensive[obs3]; well worth the money, worth the
money; magnifique et pas cher[French]; good at the
price, cheap at the price; dirt cheap, dog cheap;
cheap, cheap as dirt, cheap and nasty; catchpenny;
discounted &c. 813.
half-price, depreciated,
unsalable.
gratuitous, gratis,
free, for nothing; costless, expenseless[obs3];
without charge, not charged, untaxed; scotfree, shotfree[obs3],
rent-free; free of cost, free of expense; honorary,
unbought, unpaid.
Adv. for a mere song,
for a song; at cost, at cost price, at prime
cost, at a reduction; a bon marche[Fr].
#816. Liberality.—
N. liberality, generosity, munificence; bounty,
bounteousness, bountifulness; hospitality; charity
&c. (beneficence) 906.
V. be liberal &c.adj.;
spend freely, bleed freely; shower down upon;
open one’s purse strings &c. (disburse) 809;
spare no expense, give carte blanche[Fr].
Adj. liberal, free,
generous; charitable &c. (beneficent) 906;
hospitable; bountiful, bounteous; handsome; unsparing,
ungrudging; unselfish; open handed, free handed, full
handed; open hearted, large hearted, free hearted;
munificent, princely.
overpaid.
Phr. “handsome
is that handsome does” [Goldsmith].
#817. Economy.—
N. economy, frugality; thrift, thriftiness; care,
husbandry, good housewifery, savingness[obs3], retrenchment.
savings; prevention
of waste, save-all; cheese parings and candle
ends; parsimony &c. 819.
cost-cutting, cost control.
V. be economical &c.
adj.; practice economy; economize, save;
retrench, cut back expenses, cut expenses; cut one’s
coat according to one’s cloth, make both ends
meet, keep within compass, meet one’s expenses,
pay one’s way, pay as you go; husband &c. (lay
by) 636.
save money, invest money;
put out to interest; provide for a rainy
day, save for a rainy day, provide against a rainy
day, save against a rainy day; feather one’s
nest; look after the main chance.
cut costs.
Adj. economical, frugal,
careful, thrifty, saving, chary, spare,
sparing; parsimonious &c.819.
underpaid.
Adv. sparingly &c. adj.;
ne quid nimis[Lat].
Phr. adde parvum parvo
magnus acervus erit[Latin]; magnum est vectigal
parsimonia [Latin][Cicero].
#817a. Greed [excessive
desire] — N. covetousness, ravenousness
&c.
adj.; venality, avidity, cupidity; acquisitiveness
(acquisition) 775; desire &c. 865.
[greed for money or
material things] greed, greediness, avarice,
avidity, rapacity, extortion.
selfishness &c.943;
auri sacra fames[Lat].
grasping, craving, canine
appetite, rapacity.
V. covet, crave (desire)
865; grasp; exact, extort.
Adj. greedy, avaricious,
covetous, acquisitive, grasping; rapacious;
lickerish[obs3].
greedy as a hog; overeager;
voracious; ravenous, ravenous as a wolf;
openmouthed, extortionate, exacting, sordid|!, alieni
appetens[Lat]; insatiable, insatiate; unquenchable,
quenchless; omnivorous.
#818. Prodigality.—
N. prodigality, prodigence|; unthriftiness[obs3],
waste; profusion, profuseness; extravagance; squandering
&c. v.; malversation.
prodigal; spendthrift,
waste thrift; losel[obs3], squanderer[obs3],
locust; high roller* [U.S.].
V. be prodigal &c. adj.;
squander, lavish, sow broadcast; pour forth
like water; blow, blow in*; pay through the nose &c.
(dear) 814; spill, waste, dissipate, exhaust, drain,
eat out of house and home, overdraw, outrun the constable;
run out, run through; misspend; throw good money after
bad, throw the helve after the hatchet[obs3]; burn
the candle at both ends; make ducks and drakes of
one’s money; fool away one’s money, potter
away one’s money, muddle away one’s money,
fritter away one’s money, throw away one’s
money, run through one’s money; pour water into
a sieve, kill the goose that lays the golden eggs;
manger son ble en herbe[Fr].
Adj. prodigal, profuse,
thriftless, unthrifty, improvident, wasteful,
losel[obs3], extravagant, lavish, dissipated, overliberal;
full-handed &c. (liberal) 816.
penny wise and pound
— p. 271 — — separate greed, acquisitiveness = 817a from parsimony, frugality —>
#819. Parsimony.—
N. parsimony, parcity|; parsimoniousness[obs3],
stinginess &c. adj.; stint; illiberality, tenacity.
avarice, greed &c. 817a.
miser, niggard, churl,
screw, skinflint, crib, codger, muckworm[obs3],
scrimp, lickpenny[obs3], hunks, curmudgeon, Harpagon,
harpy, extortioner, Jew, usurer; Hessian [U.S.]; pinch
fist, pinch penny.
V. be parsimonious &c.
adj.; grudge, begrudge, stint, pinch, gripe,
screw, dole out, hold back, withhold, starve, famish,
live upon nothing, skin a flint.
drive a bargain, drive
a hard bargain; cheapen, beat down; stop one
hole in a sieve; have an itching palm, grasp, grab.
Adj. parsimonious, penurious,
stingy, miserly, mean, shabby, peddling,
scrubby, penny wise, near, niggardly, close; fast
handed, close handed, strait handed; close fisted,
hard fisted, tight fisted; tight, sparing; chary;
grudging, griping &c. v.; illiberal, ungenerous, churlish,
hidebound, sordid, mercenary, venal, covetous, usurious,
avaricious, greedy, extortionate, rapacious.
Adv. with a sparing
hand.
Phr. desunt inopioe
multa avaritiae omnia [Latin][Syrus]; “hoards
after hoards his rising raptures fill” [Goldsmith];
“the unsunn’d heaps of miser’s treasures”
[Milton].
— p. 272 —
%
CLASS VI
WORDS RELATION TO THE SENTIMENT AND MORAL POWERS
Section I. Affections in General
%
#820. Affections.
— N. affections, affect; character, qualities,
disposition, nature, spirit, tone; temper, temperament;
diathesis[obs3], idiosyncrasy; cast of mind, cast
of soul, habit of mind, habit of soul, frame of mind,
frame of soul; predilection, turn, natural turn of
mind; bent, bias, predisposition, proneness, proclivity,
propensity, propenseness[obs3], propension[obs3],
propendency|; vein, humor, mood, grain, mettle; sympathy
&c. (love) 897.
soul, heart, breast,
bosom, inner man; heart’s core, heart’s
strings,
heart’s blood; heart of hearts, bottom of one’s
heart, penetralia mentis[Lat]; secret and inmost
recesses of the heart, cockles of one’s heart;
inmost heart, inmost soul; backbone.
passion, pervading spirit;
ruling passion, master passion;
furore[obs3]; fullness of the heart, heyday of the
blood, flesh and blood, flow of soul.
energy, fervor, fire,
force.
V. have affections,
possess affections &c. n.; be of a character &c.
n.; be affected &c. adj.; breathe.
#821. Feeling.
— N. feeling; suffering &c. v.; endurance,
tolerance,
sufferance, supportance[obs3], experience, response;
sympathy &c. (love) 897; impression, inspiration,
affection, sensation, emotion, pathos, deep sense.
warmth, glow, unction,
gusto, vehemence; fervor, fervency;
heartiness, cordiality; earnestness, eagerness; empressement[Fr],
gush, ardor, zeal, passion, enthusiasm, verve, furore[obs3],
fanaticism; excitation of feeling &c. 824; fullness
of the heart &c. (disposition) 820; passion &c. (state
of excitability) 825; ecstasy &c. (pleasure) 827.
blush, suffusion, flush;
hectic; tingling, thrill, turn, shock;
agitation &c. (irregular motion) 315; quiver, heaving,
flutter, flurry, fluster, twitter, tremor; throb,
throbbing; pulsation, palpitation, panting; trepidation,
perturbation; ruffle, hurry of spirits, pother, stew,
ferment; state of excitement.
V. feel; receive an
impression &c. n.; be impressed with &c. adj.;
entertain feeling, harbor feeling, cherish feeling
&c. n.
respond; catch the flame,
catch the infection; enter the spirit of.
bear, suffer, support,
sustain, endure, thole [obs3][Scottish],
aby[obs3]; abide &c. (be composed) 826; experience
&c. (meet with) 151; taste, prove; labor under, smart
under; bear the brunt of, brave, stand.
swell, glow, warm, flush,
blush, change color, mantle; turn color,
turn pale, turn red, turn black in the face; tingle,
thrill, heave, pant, throb, palpitate, go pitapat,
tremble, quiver, flutter, twitter; shake &c. 315;
be agitated, be excited &c. 824; look blue, look black;
wince; draw a deep breath.
impress &c. (excite
the feelings) 824.
Adj. feeling &c. v.;
sentient; sensuous; sensorial, sensory; emotive,
emotional; of feeling, with feeling &c. n.
warm, quick, lively,
smart, strong, sharp, acute, cutting, piercing,
incisive; keen, keen as a razor; trenchant, pungent,
racy, piquant, poignant, caustic.
impressive, deep, profound,
indelible; deep felt, home felt,
heartfelt; swelling, soul-stirring, deep-mouthed,
heart-expanding, electric, thrilling, rapturous, ecstatic.
earnest, wistful, eager,
breathless; fervent; fervid; gushing,
passionate, warm-hearted, hearty, cordial, sincere,
zealous, enthusiastic, glowing, ardent, burning, red-hot,
— p. 273 —
#822. Sensibility.
— N. sensibility, sensibleness, sensitiveness;
moral sensibility; impressibility, affectibility[obs3];
susceptibleness, susceptibility, susceptivity[obs3];
mobility; vivacity, vivaciousness; tenderness, softness;
sentimental, sentimentality; sentimentalism.
excitability &c. 825;
fastidiousness &c. 868; physical sensibility &c.
375.
sore point, sore place;
where the shoe pinches.
V. be sensible &c. adj.;
have a tender heart, have a warm heart, have
a sensitive heart.
take to heart, treasure
up in the heart; shrink.
“die of a rose
in aromatic pain” [Pope]; touch to the quick;
touch on
the raw, touch a raw nerve.
Adj. sensible, sensitive;
impressible, impressionable; susceptive,
susceptible; alive to, impassionable[obs3], gushing;
warm hearted, tender hearted, soft hearted; tender
as a chicken; soft, sentimental, romantic; enthusiastic,
highflying[obs3], spirited, mettlesome, vivacious,
lively, expressive, mobile, tremblingly alive; excitable
&c. 825; oversensitive, without skin, thin-skinned;
fastidious &c. 868.
Adv. sensibly &c. adj;
to the quick, to the inmost core.
Phr. mens aequa in arduis[Lat];
pour salt in the wound.
#823. Insensibility.
— N. insensibility, insensibleness[obs3];
moral
insensibility; inertness, inertia; vis inertiae[Lat];
impassibility, impassibleness; inappetency[obs3],
apathy, phlegm, dullness, hebetude[obs3], supineness,
lukewarmness[obs3].
cold fit, cold blood,
cold heart; coldness, coolness; frigidity, sang
froid[Fr]; stoicism, imperturbation &c. (inexcitability)
826[obs3]; nonchalance, unconcern, dry eyes; insouciance
&c. (indifference) 866; recklessness &c. 863; callousness;
heart of stone, stock and stone, marble, deadness.
torpor, torpidity; obstupefaction|,
lethargy, coma, trance, vegetative
state; sleep &c. 683; suspended animation; stupor,
stupefaction; paralysis, palsy; numbness &c. (physical
insensibility) 376.
neutrality; quietism,
— p. 274 —
#824. Excitation.
— N. excitation of feeling; mental excitement;
suscitation[obs3], galvanism, stimulation, piquance,
piquancy, provocation, inspiration, calling forth,
infection; animation, agitation, perturbation; subjugation,
fascination, intoxication; enravishment[obs3]; entrancement;
pressure, tension, high pressure.
unction, impressiveness
&c. adj.
trail of temper, casus
belli[Lat]; irritation &c. (anger) 900; passion
&c. (state of excitability) 825; thrill &c. (feeling)
821; repression of feeling &c. 826; sensationalism,
yellow journalism.
V. excite, affect, touch,
move, impress, strike, interest, animate,
inspire, impassion, smite, infect; stir the blood,
— p. 275 —
#825. [Excess of sensitiveness]
Excitability — N. excitability,
impetuosity, vehemence; boisterousness &c. adj.; turbulence;
impatience, intolerance, nonendurance[obs3]; irritability
&c. (irascibility) 901; itching &c. (desire) 865;
wincing; disquiet, disquietude; restlessness; fidgets,
fidgetiness; agitation &c. (irregular motion) 315.
trepidation, perturbation,
ruffle, hurry, fuss, flurry; fluster,
flutter; pother, stew, ferment; whirl; buck fever;
hurry-skurry[obs3], thrill &c. (feeling) 821; state
of excitement, fever of excitement; transport.
passion, excitement,
flush, heat; fever, heat; fire, flame, fume,
blood boiling; tumult; effervescence, ebullition;
boiling over; whiff, gust, story, tempest; scene,
breaking out, burst, fit, paroxysm, explosion; outbreak,
outburst; agony.
violence &c. 173; fierceness
&c. adj.; rage, fury, furor,
furore[obs3], desperation, madness, distraction, raving,
delirium; phrensy[obs3], frenzy, hysterics; intoxication;
tearing passion, raging passion; anger &c. 900.
fascination, infatuation,
fanaticism; Quixotism, Quixotry; tete
montee[Fr].
V. be impatient &c.
adj.; not be able to bear &c. 826; bear ill,
wince, chafe, champ a bit; be in a stew &c. n.; be
out of all patience, fidget, fuss, not have a wink
of sleep; toss on one’s pillow.
lose one’s temper
&c. 900; break out, burst out, fly out; go off, fly
off, fly off at a tangent, fly off the handle, lose
one’s cool [coll.]; explode, flare up, flame
up, fire up, burst into a flame, take fire, fire,
burn; boil, boil over; foam, fume, rage, rave, rant,
tear; go wild, run wild, run mad, go into hysterics;
run riot, run amuck; battre la campagne[Fr], faire
le diable a quatre[Fr], play the deuce.
Adj. excitable, easily
excited, in an excitable state; high-strung;
irritable &c. (irascible) 901; impatient, intolerant.
feverish, febrile, hysterical;
delirious, mad, moody, maggoty-headed.
unquiet, mercurial,
electric, galvanic, hasty, hurried, restless,
fidgety, fussy; chafing &c. v.
startlish[obs3], mettlesome,
high-mettled[obs3], skittish.
vehement, demonstrative,
violent, wild, furious, fierce, fiery, hot-
headed, madcap.
overzealous, enthusiastic,
impassioned, fanatical; rabid &c. (eager)
865.
rampant, clamorous,
uproarious, turbulent, tempestuous,
tumultuary[obs3], boisterous.
— p. 276 —
#826. [Absence of excitability,
or of excitement.] Inexcitability. —
N. inexcitability[obs3], imperturbability, inirritability[obs3];
even temper, tranquil mind, dispassion; tolerance,
patience, coolth [coll.].
passiveness &c. (physical
inertness) 172; hebetude[obs3],
hebetation[obs3]; impassibility &c. (insensibility)
823; stupefaction.
coolness, calmness &c.
adj.; composure, placidity,
indisturbance[obs3], imperturbation[obs3], sang froid[Fr],
tranquility, serenity; quiet, quietude; peace of mind,
mental calmness.
staidness &c. adj.;
gravity, sobriety, Quakerism[obs3]; philosophy,
equanimity, stoicism, command of temper; self-possession,
self-control, self-command, self-restraint, ice water
in one’s veins; presence of mind.
submission &c. 725;
resignation; sufferance, supportance[obs3],
endurance, longsufferance[obs3], forbearance; longanimity[obs3];
fortitude; patience of Job, patience “on a monument”
[Twelfth Night], patience “sovereign o’er
transmuted ill” [Johnson]; moderation; repression
of feelings, subjugation of feeling; restraint &c.
751.
tranquillization &c.
(moderation) 174[obs3].
V. be composed &c. adj.
laisser faire[Fr], laisser
aller[Fr]; take things easily, take things
as they come; take it easy, rub on, live and let live;
take easily, take cooly[obs3], take in good part;
aequam servare mentem [Latin].
bear the brunt, bear
well; go through, support, endure, brave,
disregard.
tolerate, suffer, stand,
bide; abide, aby[obs3]; bear with, put up
with, take up with, abide with; acquiesce; submit
&c. (yield) 725; submit with a good grace; resign
oneself to, reconcile oneself to; brook, digest, eat,
swallow, pocket, stomach.
make light of, make
the best of, make “a virtue of necessity”
[Chaucer]; put a good face on, keep one’s countenance;
check &c. 751 check oneself.
compose, appease &c.
(moderate)174; propitiate; repress &c. (restrain)
751; render insensible &c. 823; overcome one’s
excitability, allay one’s excitability, repress
one’s excitability &c. 825; master one’s
feelings.
make oneself easy; make
one’s mind easy; set one’s mind at ease,
set
one’s mind at rest.
calm down, cool down;
gentle; thaw, grow cool.
be borne, be endured;
go down.
Adj. inexcitable[obs3],
unexcitable; imperturbable; unsusceptible &c.
(insensible) 823; unpassionate[obs3], dispassionate;
cold-blooded, irritable; enduring &c. v.; stoical,
Platonic, philosophic, staid, stayed; sober, sober
% Section II Personal Affections
1. Passive Affections %
#827. Pleasure.
— N. pleasure, gratification, enjoyment,
fruition;
oblectation, delectation, delection[obs3]; relish,
zest; gusto &c. (physical pleasure) 377; satisfaction
&c. (content) 831; complacency.
well-being; good &c.
618; snugness, comfort, ease; cushion &c. 215;
sans souci[French:without worry], mind at ease.
joy, gladness, delight,
glee, cheer, sunshine; cheerfulness &c. 836.
treat, refreshment;
amusement &c. 840; luxury &c. 377.
mens sana in corpore
sano [Latin: a sound mind in a sound
body][Juvenal].
happiness, felicity,
bliss; beatitude, beautification; enchantment,
transport, rapture, ravishment, ecstasy; summum bonum[Lat];
paradise, elysium &c. ( heaven) 981; third heaven|!,
seventh heaven, cloud nine; unalloyed happiness &c.;
hedonics[obs3], hedonism.
honeymoon; palmy days,
halcyon days; golden age, golden time; Dixie,
Dixie’s land; Saturnia regna[Lat], Arcadia[obs3],
Shangri-La, happy valley, Agapemone[obs3].
V. be pleased &c. 829;
feel pleasure, experience pleasure &c. n.; joy;
enjoy oneself, hug oneself; be in clover &c. 377,
be in elysium &c. 981; tread on enchanted ground;
fall into raptures, go into raptures.
feel at home, breathe
freely, bask in the sunshine.
be pleased &c. 829 with;
receive pleasure, derive pleasure &c. n.
from; take pleasure &c. n. in; delight in, rejoice
in, indulge in, luxuriate in; gloat over &c. (physical
pleasure) 377; enjoy, relish, like; love &c. 897;
take to, take a fancy to; have a liking for; enter
into the spirit of.
take in good part.
treat oneself to, solace
oneself with.
Adj. pleased &c. 829;
— p. 277 —
#828. Pain. —
N. mental suffering, pain, dolor; suffering,
sufferance; ache, smart &c. (physical pain) 378; passion.
displeasure, dissatisfaction,
discomfort, discomposure, disquiet;
malaise; inquietude, uneasiness, vexation of spirit;
taking; discontent &c. 832.
dejection &c. 837; weariness
&c. 841; anhedonia[obs3].
annoyance, irritation,
worry, infliction, visitation; plague, bore;
bother, botheration; stew, vexation, mortification,
chagrin, esclandre[Fr]; mauvais quart d’heur[Fr].
care, anxiety, solicitude,
trouble, trial, ordeal, fiery ordeal,
shock, blow, cark[obs3], dole, fret, burden, load.
concern, grief, sorrow,
distress, affliction, woe, bitterness,
heartache; carking cares; heavy heart, aching heart,
bleeding heart, broken heart; heavy affliction, gnawing
grief.
unhappiness, infelicity,
misery, tribulation, wretchedness,
desolation; despair &c. 859; extremity, prostration,
depth of misery.
nightmare, ephialtes[obs3],
incubus.
pang, anguish, agony;
torture, torment; purgatory &c. (hell) 982.
hell upon earth; iron
age, reign of terror; slough of despond &c.
(adversity) 735; peck of troubles; “ills that
flesh is heir to” &c. (evil) 619[Hamlet]; miseries
of human life; “unkindest cut of all” [Julius
Caesar].
sufferer, victim, prey,
martyr, object of compassion, wretch, shorn
lamb.
V. feel pain, suffer
pain, experience pain, undergo pain, bear pain,
endure pain &c. n., smart, ache &c. (physical pain)
— p. 278 —
#829. [Capability of
giving pleasure; cause or source of pleasure.]
Pleasurableness. — N. pleasurableness,
pleasantness, agreeableness &c. adj.; pleasure giving,
jucundity[obs3], delectability; amusement &c. 840.
attraction &c. (motive)
615; attractiveness, attractability[obs3];
invitingness &c. adj[obs3].; harm, fascination, enchantment,
witchery, seduction, winning ways, amenity, amiability;
winsomeness.
loveliness &c. (beauty)
845; sunny side, bright side; sweets &c.
(sugar) 396; goodness &c. 648; manna in the wilderness,
land flowing with milk and honey; bittersweet; fair
weather.
treat; regale &c. (physical
pleasure) 377; dainty; titbit[obs3],
tidbit; nuts, sauce piquante[Fr].
V. cause pleasure, produce
pleasure, create pleasure, give pleasure,
afford pleasure, procure pleasure, offer pleasure,
present pleasure, yield pleasure &c. 827.
please, charm, delight,
becharm[obs3], imparadise[obs3]; gladden &c.
— p. 279 —
#830. [Capability of
giving pain; cause or source of pain].
Painfulness. — N. painfulness &c. adj.;
trouble, care &c. (pain) 828; trial; affliction, infliction;
blow, stroke, burden, load, curse; bitter pill, bitter
draught; waters of bitterness.
annoyance, grievance,
nuisance, vexation, mortification,
sickener[obs3]; bore, bother, pother, hot water, “sea
of troubles” [Hamlet], hornet’s nest,
plague, pest.
cancer, ulcer, sting,
thorn; canker &c. (bane) 663; scorpion &c. (evil
doer) 913; dagger &c. (arms) 727; scourge &c. (instrument
of punishment) 975; carking care, canker worm of care.
mishap, misfortune &c.
(adversity) 735; desagrement[Fr],
esclandre[Fr], rub.
source of irritation,
source of annoyance; wound, open sore; sore
subject, skeleton in the closet; thorn in the flesh,
thorn in one’s side; where the shoe pinches,
gall and wormwood.
sorry sight, heavy news,
provocation; affront &c. 929; “head and front
of one’s offending” [Othello].
infestation, molestation;
— p. 280 —
#831. Content.
— N. content, contentment, contentedness;
complacency,
satisfaction, entire satisfaction, ease, heart’s
ease, peace of mind; serenity &c. 826; cheerfulness
&c. 836; ray of comfort; comfort &c. (well-being)
827.
reconciliation; resignation
&c. (patience) 826.
[person who is contented]
waiter on Providence.
V. be content &c. adj.;
rest satisfied, rest and be thankful; take the
good the gods provide, let well alone, let well enough
alone, feel oneself at home, hug oneself, lay the
flattering unction to one’s soul.
take up with, take in
good part; accept, tolerate; consent &c. 762;
acquiesce, assent &c. 488; be reconciled to, make
one’s peace with; get over it; take heart, take
comfort; put up with &c. (bear) 826.
render content &c. adj.;
set at ease, comfort; set one’s heart at
ease, set one’s mind at ease, set one’s
heart at rest, set one’s mind at rest; speak
peace; conciliate, reconcile, win over, propitiate,
disarm, beguile; content, satisfy; gratify &c. 829.
be tolerated &c. 826;
go down, go down well, go down with; do; be OK.
Adj. content, contented;
satisfied &c. v.; at ease, at one’s ease, at
home; with the mind at ease, sans souci[Fr], sine
cura[Lat], easygoing, not particular; conciliatory;
#832. Discontent.
— N. discontent, discontentment; dissatisfaction;
dissent &c. 489.
disappointment, mortification;
cold comfort; regret &c. 833; repining,
taking on &c. v.; heart-burning, heart-grief; querulousness
&c. (lamentation) 839; hypercriticism.
inquietude, vexation
of spirit, soreness; worry, concern, fear &c.
860.
[person who is discontented]
malcontent, grumbler, growler, croaker,
dissident, dissenter, laudator temporis acti[Lat];
censurer, complainer, fault-finder, murmerer[obs3].
cave of Adullam[obs3],
indignation meeting, “winter of our discontent”
[Henry VI]; “with what I most enjoy contented
least” [Shakespeare].
V. be discontented &c.
adj.; quarrel with one’s bread and butter;
repine; regret &c. 833; wish one at the bottom of
the Red Sea; take on, take to heart; shrug the shoulders;
make a wry face, pull a long face; knit one’s
brows; look blue, look black, look black as thunder,
look blank, look glum.
take in bad part, take
ill; fret, chafe, make a piece of work[Fr];
grumble, croak; lament &c. 839.
cause discontent &c.
n.; dissatisfy, disappoint, mortify, put out,
disconcert; cut up; dishearten.
Adj. discontented; dissatisfied
&c. v.; unsatisfied, ungratified;
dissident; dissentient &c. 489; malcontent, malcontented,
exigent, exacting, hypercritical.
repining &c. v.; regretful
&c. 833; down in the mouth &c. (dejected)
837.
in high dudgeon, in
a fume, in the sulks, in the dumps, in bad humor;
glum, sulky; sour as a crab; soured, sore; out of
humor, out of temper.
disappointing &c. v.;
unsatisfactory.
frustrated (failure)
732.
Int. so much the worse!
Phr. that won’t
do, that will never do, it will never do; curtae
nescio quid semper abest rei [Lat][Horace]; ne Jupiter
Quidem omnibus placet[Lat][obs3]; “poor in abundance,
famished at a feast” [Young].
#833. Regret. —
N. regret, repining; homesickness, nostalgia; mal du
pays, maladie[Fr]; lamentation &c.. 839; penitence
&c. 950.
bitterness, heartburning[obs3].
recrimination (accusation)
938.
laudator temporis acti
&c. (discontent) 832[Lat].
V. regret, deplore;
bewail &c. (lament) 839; repine, cast a longing
lingering look behind; rue, rue the day; repent &c.
950; infandum renovare dolorem [Lat].
prey on the mind, weigh
on the mind, have a weight on the mind; leave
an aching void.
Adj. regretting &c.
v.; regretful; homesick.
regretted &c. v.; much
to be regretted, regrettable; lamentable &c.
(bad) 649.
Adv. regrettably, unfortunately;
most unfortunately.
Int. alas!; what a pity!
hang it!
Phr. ’tis pity,
’tis too true; “sigh’d and look’d
and sigh’d again”
[Dryden]; “I’m sorry.”.
— p. 281 —
#834. Relief. —
N. relief; deliverance; refreshment &c. 689;
easement, softening, alleviation, mitigation, palliation,
soothing, lullaby.
solace, consolation,
comfort, encouragement.
lenitive, restorative
&c. (remedy) 662; cushion &c. 215; crumb of
comfort, balm in Gilead.
V. relieve, ease, alleviate,
mitigate, palliate, soothe; salve;
soften, soften down; foment, stupe[obs3], poultice;
assuage, allay.
cheer, comfort, console;
enliven; encourage, bear up, pat on the back,
give comfort, set at ease; gladden the heart, cheer
the heart; inspirit, invigorate.
remedy; cure &c. (restore)
660; refresh; pour balm into, pour oil on.
smooth the ruffled brow
of care, temper the wind to the shorn lamb,
lay the flattering unction to one’s soul.
disburden &c. (free)
705; take a load off one’s chest, get a load
off
one’s chest, take off a load of care.
be relieved; breathe
more freely, draw a long breath; take comfort;
dry the tears, dry the eyes, wipe the tears, wipe
the eyes.
Adj. relieving &c. v.;
consolatory, soothing; assuaging,
assuasive[obs3]; balmy, balsamic; lenitive, palliative;
anodyne &c. (remedial) 662; curative &c. 660.
Phr. “here comes
a man of comfort” [Measure for Measure].
#835. Aggravation.
— N. aggravation, worsening, heightening;
exacerbation; exasperation; overestimation &c. 482;
exaggeration &c. 549.
V. aggravate, render
worse, heighten, embitter, sour; exacerbate;
exasperate, envenom; enrage, provoke, tease.
add fuel to the fire,
add fuel to the flame; fan the flame &c.
(excite) 824; go from bad to worse &c. (deteriorate)
659.
Adj. aggravated &c.
v.; worse, unrelieved; aggravable[obs3];
aggravating &c. v.
Adv. out of the frying
pan into the fire, from bad to worse, worse and
worse.
Int. so much the worse!
#836. Cheerfulness.
— N. cheerfulness &c. adj.; geniality, gayety,
l’allegro[Fr], cheer, good humor, spirits; high
spirits, animal spirits, flow of spirits; glee, high
glee, light heart; sunshine of the mind, sunshine
of the breast; gaiete de coeur[Fr], bon naturel[Fr].
liveliness &c. adj.;
life, alacrity, vivacity, animation,
allegresse[obs3]; jocundity, joviality, jollity; levity;
jocularity &c. (wit) 842.
mirth, merriment, hilarity,
exhilaration; laughter &c. 838;
merrymaking &c. (amusement) 840; heyday, rejoicing
&c. 838; marriage bell.
nepenthe, Euphrosyne[obs3],
sweet forgetfulness.
optimism &c. (hopefulness)
858; self complacency; hedonics[obs3],
hedonism.
V. be cheerful &c. adj.;
have the mind at ease, smile, put a good face
upon, keep up one’s spirits; view the bright
side of the picture, view things en couleur de rose[Fr];
ridentem dicere virum[Lat], cheer up, brighten up,
light up, bear up; chirp, take heart, cast away care,
drive dull care away, perk up.
keep a stiff upper lip.
rejoice &c. 838; carol,
chirrup, lilt; frisk, rollick, give a loose to
mirth.
cheer, enliven, elate,
exhilarate, gladden, inspirit, animate, raise
the spirits, inspire; perk up; put in good humor;
cheer the heart, rejoice the heart; delight &c. (give
pleasure) 829.
Adj. cheerful; happy
&c. 827; cheery, cheerly[obs3]; of good cheer,
smiling; blithe; in spirits, in good spirits; breezy,
bully, chipper [U.S.]; in high spirits, in high feather;
happy as the day is long, happy as a king; gay as
a lark; allegro; debonair; light, lightsome, light
hearted; buoyant, debonnaire, bright, free and easy,
airy; janty[obs3], jaunty, canty[obs3]; hedonic[obs3];
riant[obs3]; sprightly, sprightful[obs3]; spry; spirited,
spiritful[obs3]; lively, animated, vivacious; brisk
as a bee; sparklinly as a thrush, jolly as a sandboy[obs3];
blithesome; gleeful, gleesome[obs3]; hilarious, rattling.
winsome, bonny, hearty,
buxom.
playful, playsome[obs3];
folatre[Fr], playful as a kitten,
tricksy[obs3], frisky, frolicsome; gamesome; jocose,
jocular, waggish; mirth loving, laughter-loving; mirthful,
rollicking.
elate, elated; exulting,
jubilant, flushed; rejoicing &c. 838; cock-a-
hoop.
cheering, inspiriting,
exhilarating; cardiac, cardiacal[obs3];
pleasing &c. 829; palmy.
Adv. cheerfully &c.
adj.
Int. never say die!
come! cheer up! hurrah! &c. 838; “hence loathed
melancholy!” begone dull care! away with melancholy!
Phr. “a merry
heart goes all the day” [A winter’s Tale];
“as merry as
the day is long” [Much Ado]; ride si sapis [Lat][Martial].
— p. 282 —
#837. Dejection.
— N. dejection; dejectedness &c. adj.; depression,
prosternation|; lowness of spirits, depression of
spirits; weight on the spirits, oppression on the
spirits, damp on the spirits; low spirits, bad spirits,
drooping spirits, depressed spirits; heart sinking;
heaviness of heart, failure of heart.
heaviness &c. adj.;
infestivity[obs3], gloom; weariness &c. 841;
taedium vitae, disgust of life; mal du pays &c. (regret)
833; anhedonia[obs3].
melancholy; sadness
&c. adj.; il penseroso[It], melancholia,
dismals[obs3], blues, lachrymals[obs3], mumps[obs3],
dumps, blue devils, doldrums; vapors, megrims, spleen,
horrors, hypochondriasis[Med], pessimism; la maladie
sans maladie [Fr]; despondency, slough of Despond;
disconsolateness &c. adj.; hope deferred, blank despondency;
voiceless woe.
prostration of soul;
broken heart; despair &c. 859; cave of despair,
cave of Trophonius
demureness &c. adj.;
gravity, solemnity; long face, grave face.
hypochondriac, seek
sorrow, self-tormentor, heautontimorumenos[obs3],
malade imaginaire[Fr], medecin tant pis[Fr]; croaker,
pessimist; mope, mopus[obs3].
[Cause of dejection]
affliction &c. 830; sorry sight; memento
mori[Lat]; damper, wet blanket, Job’s comforter.
V. be dejected &c. adj.;
grieve; mourn &c. (lament) 839; take on, give
way, lose heart, despond, droop, sink.
lower, look downcast,
frown, pout; hang down the head; pull a long
face, make a long face; laugh on the wrong side of
the mouth; grin a ghastly smile; look blue, look like
a drowned man; lay to heart, take to heart.
mope, brood over; fret;
sulk; pine, pine away; yearn; repine &c.
(regret) 833; despair &c. 859.
refrain from laughter,
keep one’s countenance; be grave, look grave
&c. adj.; repress a smile.
depress; discourage,
dishearten; dispirit; damp, dull, deject, lower,
sink, dash, knock down, unman, prostrate, break one’s
heart; frown upon; cast a gloom, cast a shade on;
sadden; damp one’s hopes, dash one’s hopes,
wither one’s hopes; weigh on the mind, lie heavy
on the mind, prey on the mind, weigh on the spirits,
lie heavy on the spirits, prey on the spirits; damp
the spirits, depress the spirits.
Adj. cheerless, joyless,
spiritless; uncheerful, uncheery[obs3];
unlively[obs3]; unhappy &c. 828; melancholy, dismal,
somber, dark, gloomy, triste[Fr], clouded, murky,
lowering, frowning, lugubrious, funereal, mournful,
lamentable, dreadful.
dreary, flat; dull,
dull as a beetle, dull as ditchwater[obs3];
depressing &c. v.
“melancholy as
a gib cat”; oppressed with melancholy, a prey
to
melancholy; downcast, downhearted; down in the mouth,
down in one’s luck; heavy-hearted; in the dumps,
down in the dumps, in the suds, in the sulks, in the
doldrums; in doleful dumps, in bad humor; sullen; mumpish[obs3],
dumpish, mopish[obs3], moping; moody, glum; sulky &c.
— p. 283 —
#838. [Expression of
pleasure.] Rejoicing. — N. rejoicing,
exultation, triumph, jubilation, heyday, flush, revelling;
merrymaking &c. (amusement) 840; jubilee &c. (celebration)
883; paean, Te Deum &c. (thanksgiving) 990[Lat]; congratulation
&c. 896.
smile, simper, smirk,
grin; broad grin, sardonic grin.
laughter (amusement)
840.
risibility; derision
&c. 856.
Momus; Democritus the
Abderite[obs3]; rollicker[obs3].
V. rejoice, thank one’s
stars, bless one’s stars; congratulate
oneself, hug oneself; rub one’s hands, clap
one’s hands; smack the lips, fling up one’s
cap; dance, skip; sing, carol, chirrup, chirp; hurrah;
cry for joy, jump for joy, leap with joy; exult &c.
(boast) 884; triumph; hold jubilee &c. (celebrate)
883; make merry &c. (sport) 840.
laugh, raise laughter
&c. (amuse) 840.
Adj. rejoicing &c. v.;
jubilant, exultant, triumphant; flushed,
elated, pleased, delighted, tickled pink.
amused &c. 840; cheerful
&c. 836.
laughable &c. (ludicrous)
853.
Int. hurrah! Huzza!
aha[obs3]! hail! tolderolloll[obs3]! Heaven be
praised! io triumphe[obs3]! tant mieux[Fr]! so much
the better.
Phr. the heart leaping
with joy; ce n’est pas etre bien aise que de
rire[Fr]; “Laughter holding both his sides”
[Milton]; “le roi est mort, vive le roi”;
“with his eyes in flood with laughter”
[Cymbeline].
#839. [Expression of
pain.] Lamentation. — N. lament, lamentation;
wail, complaint, plaint, murmur, mutter, grumble,
groan, moan, whine, whimper, sob, sigh, suspiration,
heaving, deep sigh.
cry &c. (vociferation)
411; scream, howl; outcry, wail of woe,
ululation; frown, scowl.
tear; weeping &c. v.;
flood of tears, fit of crying, lacrimation,
lachrymation[obs3], melting mood, weeping and gnashing
of teeth.
plaintiveness &c. adj.;
languishment[obs3]; condolence &c. 915.
mourning, weeds, willow,
cypress, crape, deep mourning; sackcloth and
ashes; lachrymatory[obs3]; knell &c. 363; deep death
song, dirge, coronach[obs3], nenia[obs3], requiem,
elegy, epicedium[obs3]; threne[obs3]; monody, threnody;
jeremiad, jeremiade|!; ullalulla[obs3].
mourner; grumbler &c.
(discontent) 832; Noobe; Heraclitus.
V. lament, mourn, deplore,
grieve, weep over; bewail, bemoan; condole
with &c. 915; fret &c. (suffer) 828; wear mourning,
go into mourning, put on mourning; wear the willow,
wear sackcloth and ashes; infandum renovare dolorem
&c. (regret) 833[Lat][Vergil]; give sorrow words.
sigh; give a sigh, heave,
fetch a sigh; “waft a sigh from Indus to the
pole” [Pope]; sigh “like a furnace”
[As you Like It]; wail.
cry, weep, sob, greet,
blubber, pipe, snivel, bibber[obs3], whimper,
pule; pipe one’s eye; drop tears, shed tears,
drop a tear, shed a tear; melt into tears, burst into
tears; fondre en larmes[Fr]; cry oneself blind, cry
one’s eyes out; yammer.
scream &c. (cry out)
411; mew &c. (animal sounds) 412; groan, moan,
whine; roar; roar like a bull, bellow like a bull;
cry out lustily, rend the air.
frown, scowl, make a
wry face, gnash one’s teeth, wring one’s
hands,
tear one’s hair, beat one’s breast, roll
on the ground, burst with grief.
complain, murmur, mutter,
grumble, growl, clamor, make a fuss about,
croak, grunt, maunder; deprecate &c. (disapprove)
932.
cry out before one is
hurt, complain without cause.
Adj. lamenting &c. v.;
in mourning, in sackcloth and ashes; sorrowing,
sorrowful &c. (unhappy) 828; mournful, tearful; lachrymose;
plaintive, plaintful[obs3]; querulous, querimonious[obs3];
in the melting mood; threnetic[obs3].
in tears, with tears
in one’s eyes; with moistened eyes, with watery
eyes; bathed in tears, dissolved in tears; “like
Niobe all tears” [Hamlet].
elegiac, epicedial[obs3].
Adv. de profundis[Lat];
les larmes aux yeux[Fr].
Int. heigh-ho! alas!
alack[obs3]! O dear! ah me! woe is me!
lackadaisy[obs3]! well a day! lack a day! alack a
day[obs3]! wellaway[obs3]! alas the day! O tempora
O mores[obs3]! what a pity! miserabile dictu[Lat]!
O lud lud[obs3]! too true!
Phr. tears standing
in the eyes, tears starting from the eyes; eyes
suffused, eyes swimming, eyes brimming, eyes overflowing
with tears; “if you have tears prepare to shed
them now” [Julius Caesar]; interdum lacrymae
pondera vocis habent [Lat][Ovid]; “strangled
his language in his tears” [Henry VIII]; “tears
such as angels weep” [Paradise Lost].
— p. 284 — —
separate out entertainers which do not have their own
entry,
e.g. musician. Need singer,
dancer, comedian = wit —
#840. Amusement.
— N. amusement, entertainment, recreation,
fun,
game, fun and games; diversion, divertissement; reaction,
solace; pastime, passetemps[Fr], sport; labor of love;
pleasure &c. 827.
relaxation; leisure
&c. 685.
fun, frolic, merriment,
jollity; joviality, jovialness[obs3]; heyday;
laughter &c. 838; jocosity, jocoseness[obs3]; drollery,
buffoonery, tomfoolery; mummery, pleasantry; wit &c.
842; quip, quirk.
[verbal expressions
of amusement: list] giggle, titter, snigger,
snicker, crow, cheer, chuckle, shout; horse laugh,
belly laugh, hearty laugh; guffaw; burst of laughter,
fit of laughter, shout of laughter, roar of laughter,
peal of laughter; cachinnation[obs3]; Kentish fire;
tiger.
play; game, game at
romps; gambol, romp, prank, antic, rig, lark,
spree, skylarking, vagary, monkey trick, gambade,
fredaine[obs3], escapade, echappee[Fr], bout, espieglerie[Fr];
practical joke &c. (ridicule) 856.
dance; hop, reel, rigadoon[obs3],
saraband[obs3], hornpipe, bolero,
ballroom dance; minuet[ballroom dances: list],
waltz, polka, fox trot, tango, samba, rhumba, twist,
stroll, hustle, cha-cha; fandango, cancan; bayadere[obs3];
breakdown, cake-walk, cornwallis [U.S.], break dancing;
nautch-girl; shindig* [U.S.]; skirtdance[obs3], stag
dance, Virginia reel, square dance; galop[obs3], galopade[obs3];
jig, Irish jig, fling, strathspey[obs3]; allemande[Fr];
gavot[obs3], gavotte, tarantella; mazurka, morisco|,
morris dance; quadrille; country dance, folk dance;
cotillon, Sir Roger de Coverley; ballet &c. (drama)
599; ball; bal, bal masque, bal costume; masquerade;
Terpsichore.
festivity, merrymaking;
party &c. (social gathering) 892; blowout
[U.S.], hullabaloo, hoedown, bat* [U.S.], bum* [U.S.],
bust*, clambake [U.S.], donation party [U.S.], fish
fry [U.S.], jamboree*, kantikoy[obs3], nautch[obs3],
randy, squantum [obs3][U.S.], tear *, Turnerfest[obs3],
yule log; fete, festival, gala, ridotto[obs3]; revels,
revelry, reveling; carnival, brawl, saturnalia, high
jinks; feast, banquet &c. (food) 298; regale, symposium,
wassail; carouse, carousal; jollification, junket,
wake, Irish wake, picnic, fete champetre[Fr], regatta,
field day; treat.
round of pleasures,
dissipation, a short life and a merry one,
racketing, holiday making.
rejoicing &c. 838; jubilee
&c. (celebration) 883.
bonfire, fireworks,
feu-de-joie, firecracker.
holiday; gala day, red
letter day, play day; high days and holidays;
high holiday, Bank holiday; May day, Derby day; Saint
Monday, Easter Monday, Whit Monday; Bairam[obs3];
wayz-goos[obs3], bean feast; Arbor Day, Declaration
Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Memorial Day, Thanksgiving
Day; Mardi gras[Fr],mi-careme[Fr], feria[Lat], fiesta.
— p. 285 —
#841. Weariness.
— N. weariness, defatigation|; lassitude
&c.
(fatigue) 688; drowsiness &c. 683.
disgust, nausea, loathing,
sickness; satiety &c. 869; taedium vitae
&c. (dejection) 837; boredom, ennui.
wearisomeness, tediousness
&c. adj.; dull work, tedium, monotony,
twice-told tale.
bore, buttonholer, proser[obs3],
wet blanket; pill*, stiff*; heavy
hours, “the enemy” [time].
V. weary; tire &c. (fatigue)
688; bore; bore to death, weary to death,
tire to death, bore out of one’s skull, bore
out of one’s life, weary out of one’s
life, tire out of one’s life, bore out of all
patience, weary out of all patience, wear out one’s
patience, tire out of all patience; set to sleep,
send to sleep; buttonhole.
pall, sicken, nauseate,
disgust.
harp on the same string;
drag its slow length along, drag its weary
length along.
never hear the last
of; be tired of, be sick of, be tired with &c.
adj.; yawn; die with ennui.
[of journalistic articles]
MEGO, my eyes glaze over.
Adj. wearying &c. v.;
wearing; wearisome, tiresome, irksome;
uninteresting, stupid, bald, devoid of interest, dry,
monotonous, dull, arid, tedious, humdrum, mortal,
flat; prosy, prosing; slow, soporific, somniferous.
disgusting &c. v.; unenjoyed[obs3].
weary, tired &c. v.;
drowsy &c. (sleepy) 683; uninterested, flagging,
used up, worn out, blase, life-weary, weary of life;
sick of.
Adv. wearily &c. adj.;
usque ad nauseam[Lat].
Phr. time hanging heavily
on one’s hands; toujours perdrix[Fr]; crambe
repetita[Lat][obs3].
— p. 286 —
#842. Wit. —
N. wit, humor, wittiness; sense of humor; attic wit,
attic salt; atticism[obs3]; salt, esprit, point, fancy,
whim, drollery, pleasantry.
farce, buffoonery, fooling,
tomfoolery; shenanigan [U.S.],
harlequinade &c. 599[obs3]; broad farce, broad humor;
fun, espieglerie[Fr]; vis comica[Lat].
jocularity; jocosity,
jocoseness[obs3]; facetiousness; waggery,
waggishness; whimsicality; comicality &c. 853.
banter, badinage, retort,
repartee, smartness, ready wit, quid-pro-
quo; ridicule &c. 856.
jest, joke, jape, jibe;
facetiae[Lat], levity, quips and cranks;
capital joke; canorae nugae[Lat]; standing jest, standing
joke, private joke, conceit, quip, quirk, crank, quiddity,
concetto[obs3], plaisanterie[Fr], brilliant idea;
merry thought, bright thought, happy thought; sally;
flash of wit, flash of merriment; scintillation; mot[Fr],
mot pour rire [French]; witticism, smart saying, bon-mot,jeu
d’esprit[Fr],epigram; jest book; dry joke, quodlibet,
cream of the jest.
word-play, jeu de mots[Fr];
play of words, play upon words; pun,
punning; double entente, double entendre &c. (ambiguity)
520[Fr]; quibble, verbal quibble; conundrum &c. (riddle)
533; anagram, acrostic, double acrostic, trifling,
#843. Dullness.
— N. dullness, heaviness, flatness; infestivity
[obs3] &c. 837, stupidity &c. 499; want of originality;
dearth of ideas.
prose, matter of fact;
heavy book, conte a dormir debout[Fr];
platitude.
V. be dull &c. adj.;
prose, take au serieux[Fr], be caught napping.
render dull &c. adj.;
damp, depress, throw cold water on, lay a wet
blanket on; fall flat upon the ear.
no joke, serious matter
(importance) 642.
Adj. dull, dull as ditch
water; unentertaining, uninteresting, flat,
dry as dust; unfunny, unlively[obs3], logy [U.S.];
unimaginative; insulse[obs3]; dry as dust; prosy,
prosing, prosaic; matter of fact, commonplace, pedestrian,
pointless; “weary stale flat and unprofitable”
[Hamlet].
stupid, slow, flat,
insipid, vapid, humdrum, monotonous; melancholic
&c. 837; stolid &c. 499; plodding.
boring, tiresome, tedious
&c. 841.
Phr. davus sum non Aedipus[obs3];
deadly dull and boring, DDB[abbr].
#844. Humorist.
— N. humorist, wag, wit, reparteeist[obs3],
epigrammatist, punster; bel esprit, life of the party;
wit-snapper, wit-cracker, wit-worm; joker, jester,
Joe Miller|!, drole de corps[obs3], gaillard[obs3],
spark; bon diable[Fr]; practical joker.
buffoon, farceur[French],
merry-andrew, mime, tumbler, acrobat,
mountebank, charlatan, posturemaster[obs3], harlequin,
punch, pulcinella[obs3], scaramouch[obs3], clown;
wearer of the cap and bells, wearer of the motley;
motley fool; pantaloon, gypsy; jack-pudding, jack in
the green, jack a dandy; wiseacre, wise guy, smartass
[coll.]; fool &c. 501.
zany, madcap; pickle-herring,
witling[obs3], caricaturist,
grimacier[obs3]; persifleur[obs3].
— p. 287 — %
2. Discriminative Affections
%
#845. Beauty. —
N. beauty, the beautiful, gr/to kalon/gr[Grk],
le
beau ideal.
[Science of the perception
of beauty] aesthetics, callaesthetics|!.
[of people] pulchritude,
form elegance, grace, beauty unadorned,
natural beauty; symmetry &c. 242; comeliness, fairness
&c. adj.; polish, gloss; good effect, good looks;
belle tournure[obs3]; trigness[obs3]; bloom, brilliancy,
radiance, splendor, gorgeousness, magnificence; sublimity,
sublimification|.
concinnity[obs3], delicacy,
refinement; charm, je ne sais quoi[Fr],
style.
Venus, Aphrodite[obs3],
Hebe, the Graces, Peri, Houri, Cupid,
Apollo[obs3], Hyperion, Adonis[obs3], Antionous[obs3],
Narcissus.
peacock, butterfly;
garden; flower of, pink of; bijou; jewel &c.
(ornament) 847; work of art.
flower, flow’ret
gay[obs3], wildflower; rose[flowers: list], lily,
anemone, asphodel, buttercup, crane’s bill,
daffodil, tulip, tiger lily, day lily, begonia, marigold,
geranium, lily of the valley, ranunculus[ISA:herb@flowering],
rhododendron, windflower.
pleasurableness &c
829.
beautifying; landscaping,
landscape gardening; decoration &c. 847;
calisthenics|!.
[person who is beautiful]
beauty; hunk [of men].
V. be beautiful &c.
adj.; shine, beam, bloom; become one &c. (accord)
23; set off, grace.
render beautiful &c.
adj.; beautify; polish, burnish; gild &c.
(decorate) 847; set out.
“snatch a grace
beyond the reach of art” [Pope].
Adj. beautiful, beauteous;
handsome; gorgeous; pretty; lovely,
graceful, elegant, prepossessing; attractive &c. (inviting)
615; delicate, dainty, refined; fair, personable,
comely, seemly; bonny [Scottish]; good-looking; well-favored,
well-made, well-formed, well-proportioned; proper,
shapely; symmetrical &c. (regular) 242; harmonious
&c. (color) 428; sightly.
fit to be seen, passable,
not amiss.
goodly, dapper, tight,
jimp[obs3]; gimp; janty[obs3], jaunty; trig,
natty, quaint, trim, tidy,neat, spruce, smart, tricksy[obs3].
bright, bright eyed;
rosy cheeked, cherry cheeked; rosy, ruddy;
blooming, in full bloom.
brilliant, shining;
beamy[obs3], beaming; sparkling, splendid,
resplendent, dazzling, glowing; glossy, sleek.
rich, superb, magnificent,
grand, fine, sublime, showy, specious.
artistic, artistical[obs3];
aesthetic; picturesque, pictorial; fait a
peindre[Fr]; well-composed, well grouped, well varied;
curious.
enchanting &c. (pleasure-giving)
829; becoming &c. (accordant) 23;
ornamental &c. 847.
undeformed, undefaced,
unspotted; spotless &c. (perfect) 650.
Phr. auxilium non leve
vultus habet [Lat][Ovid]; “beauty born of
murmuring sound” [Wordsworth]; “flowers
preach to us if we will hear” [C.G. Rossetti];
gratior ac pulchro veniens in corpore virtus [Lat][Vergil];
“none but the brave deserve the fair” [Dryden];
“thou who hast the fatal gift of beauty”
[Byron].
#846. Ugliness.
— N. ugliness &c. adj.; deformity, inelegance;
acomia[obs3]; disfigurement &c. (blemish) 848; want
of symmetry, inconcinnity[obs3]; distortion &c. 243;
squalor &c. (uncleanness) 653.
forbidding countenance,
vinegar aspect, hanging look, wry face,
“spretae injuria formae” [Vergil].
[person who is ugly]
eyesore, object, witch, hag, figure, sight,
fright; monster; dog[coll.], woofer[coll.], pig[coll.];
octopus, specter, scarecrow, harridan|!, satyr|!,
toad, monkey, baboon, Caliban, Aesop[obs3], “monstrum
horrendum informe ingens cui lumen ademptum”
[Latin][Vergil].
V. be ugly &c. adj.;
look ill, grin horribly a ghastly smile, make
faces.
render ugly &c. adj.;
deface; disfigure, defigure|; distort &c. 23;
blemish &c. (injure) 659; soil &c. (render unclean)
653.
Adj. ugly, ugly as sin,
ugly as a toad, ugly as a scarecrow, ugly as a
dead monkey; plain, bald (unadorned) 849; homely;
ordinary, unornamental[obs3], inartistic; unsightly,
unseemly, uncomely, unlovely; unshapely; sightless,
seemless[obs3]; not fit to be seen; unbeauteous[obs3],
unbeautiful; beautiless[obs3], semibeautiful; shapeless
&c. (amorphous) 241.
misshapen, misproportioned[obs3];
monstrous; gaunt &c. (thin) 203;
dumpy &c. (short) 201; curtailed of its fair proportions;
ill-made, ill-shaped, ill-proportioned; crooked &c.
(distorted) 243; hard featured, hard visaged; ill-favored,
hard-favored, evil-favored; ill-looking; unprepossessing,
unattractive, uninviting, unpleasing.
graceless, inelegant;
ungraceful, ungainly, uncouth, stiff; rugged,
rough, gross, rude, awkward, clumsy, slouching, rickety;
gawky; lumping, lumpish[obs3]; lumbering; hulky[obs3],
hulking; unwieldy.
squalid, haggard; grim,
grim faced, grim visaged; grisly, ghastly;
ghost like, death like; cadaverous, grewsome[obs3],
gruesome.
frightful, hideous,
odious, uncanny, forbidding; repellant, repulsive,
repugnant, grotesque, bizarre; grody [coll.], grody
to the max [coll.]; horrid, horrible; shocking &c.
(painful) 830.
foul &c. (dirty) 653;
dingy &c. (colorless) 429; gaudy &c. (color)
428; disfigured &c. v.; discolored.
— p. 288 —
#847. Ornament.
— N. ornament, ornamentation, ornamental
art;
ornature[obs3], ornateness; adornment, decoration,
embellishment; architecture; jewelry &c. 847a.
[surface coatings for
wood: list] garnish, polish, varnish, French
polish, veneer, japanning, lacquer.
[surface coatings for
metal] gilding, plating, ormolu, enamel,
cloisonn.
[surface coatings for
human skin] cosmetics[in general], makeup; eye
shadow[list], rouge, face powder, lipstick, blush.
[ornamental surface
pattern: list] pattern, diaper, powdering,
paneling, graining, pargeting[obs3]; detail; repousse
(convexity) 250; texture &c. 329; richness; tracery,
molding, fillet, listel[obs3], strapwork[obs3], coquillage[Fr],
#847a. Jewelry
— N. jewel[ornaments worn by people on
the
body][general], jewelry, jewellery[obs3]; bijoutry|!;
bijou, bijouterie[Fr]; trinket; fine jewelry; costume
jewelry, junk jewelry; gem, gemstone, precious stone.
[forms of jewelry:
list] necklace, bracelet, anklet; earring; locket,
pendant, charm bracelet; ring, pinky ring; carcanet[obs3];
chain, chatelaine; broach, pin, lapel pin, torque.
[gemstones: list]
diamond, brilliant, rock[coll.]; beryl, emerald;
chalcedony, agate, heliotrope; girasol[obs3], girasole[obs3];
onyx, plasma; sard[obs3], sardonyx; garnet, lapis
lazuli, opal, peridot[ISA:gemstone], tourmaline, chrysolite;
sapphire, ruby, synthetic ruby; spinel, spinelle;
#848. Blemish.
— N. blemish, disfigurement, deformity;
adactylism[obs3]; flaw, defect &c. (imperfection)
651; injury &c. (deterioration) 659; spots on the
sun|!; eyesore.
stain, blot; spot, spottiness;
speck, speckle, blur.
tarnish, smudge; dirt
&c. 653.
[blemish on a person’s
skin: list] freckle, mole, macula[Anat], patch,
blotch, birthmark; blobber lip[obs3], blubber lip;
blain[obs3], maculation, ; scar, wem|; pustule; whelk;
excrescence, pimple &c. (protuberance) 250.
V. disfigure &c. (injure)
659; speckle.
Adj. pitted, freckled,
discolored; imperfect &c. 651; blobber-lipped,
bloodshot; injured &c. (deteriorated) 659.
#849. Simplicity.
— N. simplicity; plainness, homeliness;
undress,
chastity.
V. be simple &c. adj.
render simple &c. adj.;
simplify, uncomplicate.
Adj. simple, plain;
homely, homespun; ordinary, household.
unaffected; ingenuous,
sincere (artless) 703; free from affectation,
free from ornament; simplex munditiis [Lat][Horace];
sans facon[Fr], en deshabille[Fr].
chaste, inornate[obs3],
severe.
unadorned, bare, unornamented,
undecked[obs3], ungarnished,
unarranged[obs3], untrimmed, unvarnished.
bald, flat, dull.
Phr. veritatis simplex
oratio est[Lat].
— p. 289 —
#850. [Good taste.]
Taste. — N. taste; good taste, refined taste,
cultivated taste; delicacy, refinement, fine feeling,
gust, gusto, tact, finesse; nicety &c. (discrimination)
465; gr/to prepon/gr[Grk]; polish, elegance,
grace.
judgment, discernment
&c. 465.
dilettantism, dilettanteism;
virtu; fine art; culture, cultivation.
[Science of taste] aesthetics.
man of taste &c.; connoisseur,
judge, critic, conoscente, virtuoso,
amateur, dilettante, Aristarchus[obs3], Corinthian,
arbiter elegantiarum[Lat], stagirite[obs3], euphemist.
“caviare to the
general” [Hamlet].
V. appreciate, judge,
criticise, discriminate &c. 465
Adj. in good taste,
cute, tasteful, tasty; unaffected, pure, chaste,
classical, attic; cultivated, refined; dainty; esthetic,
aesthetic, artistic; elegant &c 578; euphemistic.
to one’s taste,
to one’s mind; after one’s fancy; comme
il faut[Fr];
tire a quatre epingles[Fr].
Adv. elegantly &c. adj.
Phr. nihil tetigit quod
non ornavit [Lat][from Johnson’s epitaph on
Goldsmith]; chacun a son gout[Fr]; oculi pictura tenentur
aures cantibus [Lat][Cicero].
#851. [Bad taste.] Vulgarity.
— N. vulgarity, vulgarism; barbarism,
Vandalism, Gothicism|!; mauvis gout[Fr], bad taste;
gaucherie, awkwardness, want of tact; ill-breeding
&c. (discourtesy) 895.
courseness &c. adj[obs3].;
indecorum, misbehavior.
lowness, homeliness;
low life, mauvais ton[Fr], rusticity; boorishness
&c. adj.; brutality; rowdyism, blackguardism[obs3];
ribaldry; slang &c. (neology) 563.
bad joke, mauvais plaisanterie[Fr].
[Excess of ornament]
gaudiness, tawdriness; false ornament; finery,
frippery, trickery, tinsel, gewgaw, clinquant[obs3];
baroque, rococo.
rough diamond, tomboy,
hoyden, cub, unlicked cub[obs3]; clown &c.
(commonalty) 876; Goth, Vandal, Boeotian; snob, cad,
gent; parvenu &c. 876; frump, dowdy; slattern &c.
653.
V. be vulgar &c. adj.;
misbehave; talk shop, smell of the shop.
Adj. in bad taste vulgar,
unrefined.
coarse, indecorous,
ribald, gross; unseemly, unbeseeming[obs3],
unpresentable[obs3]; contra bonos mores[Lat]; ungraceful
&c. (ugly) 846.
dowdy; slovenly &c.
(dirty) 653; ungenteel, shabby genteel; low,
common, hoi polloi[Grk] &c. (plebeian) 876; uncourtly[obs3];
uncivil &c. (discourteous) 895; ill bred, ill mannered;
underbred; ungentlemanly, ungentlemanlike; unladylike,
unfeminine; wild, wild as an unbacked colt.
untutored, unschooled
(ignorant) 491.
unkempt. uncombed, untamed,
unlicked[obs3], unpolished, uncouth;
plebeian; incondite[obs3]; heavy, rude, awkward; homely,
homespun, home bred; provincial, countrified, rustic;
boorish, clownish; savage, brutish, blackguard, rowdy,
snobbish; barbarous, barbaric; Gothic, unclassical[obs3],
doggerel, heathenish, tramontane, outlandish; uncultivated;
Bohemian.
obsolete &c. (antiquated)
124; unfashionable; newfangled &c.
(unfamiliar) 83; odd &c. (ridiculous) 853.
particular; affected
&c. 855; meretricious; extravagant, monstrous,
horrid; shocking &c. (painful) 830.
gaudy, tawdry, overornamented,
baroque, rococo; bedizened, tricked
out, gingerbread; obtrusive.
#852. Fashion.
— N. fashion, style, ton, bon ton|!, society;
good
society, polite society; monde[Fr]; drawing-room,
civilized life, civilization, town, beau monde[Fr],
high life, court; world; fashionable world, gay world;
Vanity Fair; show &c. (ostentation) 822.
manners, breeding &c.
(politeness) 894; air, demeanor &c. (appearance)
448; savoir faire[Fr]; gentlemanliness[obs3], gentility,
decorum, propriety, biensance[Fr]; conventions of
society; Mrs. Grundy; punctilio; form, formality;
etiquette, point of etiquette; dress &c. 225.
custom &c. 613; mode,
vogue, go; rage &c. (desire) 865; prevailing
taste; fad, trend, bandwagon, furore[obs3], thing,
in thing, craze, chic, last word.
man of fashion, woman
of fashion, man of the world, woman of the
world; height of fashion, pink of fashion, star of
— p. 290 —
#853. Ridiculousness.
— N. ridiculousness &c. adj.; comicality,
oddity &c. adj.; extravagance, drollery.
farce, comedy; burlesque
&c. (ridicule) 856; buffoonery &c. (fun) 840;
frippery; doggerel verses; absurdity &c. 497; bombast
&c. (unmeaning) 517; anticlimax, bathos; eccentricity,
monstrosity &c. (unconformity) 83; laughingstock &c.
857.
V. be ridiculous &c.
adj.; pass from the sublime to the ridiculous;
make one laugh; play the fool, make a fool of oneself,
commit an absurdity.
Adj. ridiculous, ludicrous;
comical; droll, funny, laughable, pour
rire, grotesque, farcical, odd; whimsical, whimsical
as a dancing bear; fanciful, fantastic, queer, rum,
quizzical, quaint, bizarre; screaming; eccentric &c.
(unconformable) 83; strange, outlandish, out of the
way, baroque, weird; awkward &c. (ugly) 846.
extravagant, outre,
monstrous, preposterous, bombastic, inflated,
stilted, burlesque, mock heroic.
drollish; seriocomic,
tragicomic; gimcrack, contemptible &c.
(unimportant) 643; doggerel; ironical &c. (derisive)
856; risible.
Phr. risum teneatis
amici [Horace]; rideret Heraclitus; du sublime au
ridicule il n’y a qu’un pas [Napoleon].
#854. Fop. —
N. fop, fine gentleman; swell; dandy, dandiprat|!;
exquisite, coxcomb, beau, macaroni, blade, blood,
buck, man about town, fast man; fribble, milliner|!;
Jemmy Jessamy|!, carpet knight; masher, dude.
fine lady, coquette;
flirt, vamp.
#855. Affectation.
— N. affectation; affectedness &c. adj.;
acting a
part &c. v.; pretense &c. (falsehood) 544, (ostentation)
882; boasting &c. 884.
charlatanism, quackery,
shallow profundity; pretension, airs,
pedantry, purism, precisianism, euphuism; teratology
&c. (altiloquence) 577.
mannerism, simagree,
grimace.
conceit, foppery, dandyism,
man millinery, coxcombry, puppyism.
stiffness, formality,
buckram; prudery, demureness, coquetry, mock
modesty, minauderie, sentimentalism; mauvais honte,
false shame.
affector, performer,
actor; pedant, pedagogue, doctrinaire, purist,
euphuist, mannerist; grimacier; lump of affectation,
precieuse ridicule[Fr], bas bleu[Fr], blue stocking,
poetaster; prig; charlatan &c. (deceiver) 548; petit
maitre &c. (fop) 854; flatterer &c. 935; coquette,
prude, puritan.
V. affect, act a part,
put on; give oneself airs &c. (arrogance) 885;
boast &c. 884; coquet; simper, mince, attitudinize,
pose; flirt a fan; overact, overdo.
Adj. affected, full
of affectation, pretentious, pedantic, stilted,
stagy, theatrical, big-sounding, ad captandum; canting,
insincere.
not natural, unnatural;
self-conscious; maniere; artificial;
overwrought, overdone, overacted; euphuist &c. 577.
stiff, starch, formal,
prim, smug, demure, tire a quatre epingles,
quakerish, puritanical, prudish, pragmatical, priggish,
conceited, coxcomical, foppish, dandified; finical,
finikin; mincing, simpering, namby-pamby, sentimental.
Phr. “conceit
in weakest bodies strongest works” [Hamlet].
— p. 291 —
#856. Ridicule.
— N. ridicule, derision; sardonic smile,
sardonic
grin; irrision[obs3]; scoffing &c. (disrespect) 929;
mockery, quiz|!, banter, irony, persiflage, raillery,
chaff, badinage; quizzing &c. v.; asteism[obs3].
squib, satire, skit,
quip, quib[obs3], grin.
parody, burlesque, travesty,
travestie[obs3]; farce &c. (drama) 599;
caricature.
buffoonery &c. (fun)
840; practical joke; horseplay.
scorn, contempt &c.
930.
V. ridicule[transitive],
deride, mock, taunt; snigger; laugh in
one’s sleeve; tease[ridicule lightly], badinage,
banter, rally, chaff, joke, twit, quiz, roast; haze
[U.S.]; tehee[obs3]; fleer[obs3]; show up.
[i.p.] play upon, play
tricks upon; fool to the top of one’s bent;
laugh at, grin at, smile at; poke fun at.
satirize, parody, caricature,
burlesque, travesty.
turn into ridicule;
make merry with; make fun of, make game of, make a
fool of, make an April fool of[obs3]; rally; scoff
&c. (disrespect) 929.
raise a laugh &c. (amuse)
840; play the fool, make a fool of oneself.
Adj. derisory, derisive;
mock, mocking; sarcastic, ironic, ironical,
quizzical, burlesque, Hudibrastic[obs3]; scurrilous
&c. (disrespectful) 929.
Adv. in ridicule &c.
n.
#857. [Object and cause
of ridicule.] Laughingstock. — N.
laughingstock, jestingstock[obs3], gazingstock[obs3];
butt, game, fair game; April fool &c. (dupe) 547[obs3].
original, oddity; queer
fish, odd fish; quiz, square toes; old monkey,
old fogey, fogey monkey, fogy monkey; buffoon &c.
(jester) 844; pantomimist &c. (actor) 599.
schlemiel.
jest &c. (wit) 842.
Phr. dum vitant stulti
vitia in contraria currunt[Lat].
%
3.
PROSPECTIVE AFFECTIONS
%
#858. Hope. —
N. hope, hopes; desire &c. 865; fervent hope, sanguine
expectation, trust, confidence, reliance; faith &c.
(belief) 484; affiance, assurance; secureness, security;
reassurance.
good omen, good auspices;
promise, well grounded hopes; good prospect,
bright prospect; clear sky.
assumption, presumption;
anticipation &c. (expectation) 507.
hopefulness, buoyancy,
optimism, enthusiasm, heart of grace,
aspiration.
[person who is hopeful]
optimist, utopian, utopist[obs3].
castles in the air,
castles in Spain, chateaux en Espagne[Fr], le pot
aut lait[Fr], Utopia, millennium; day dream, golden
dream; dream of Alnaschar[obs3]; airy hopes, fool’s
paradise; mirage &c. (fallacies of vision) 443; fond
hope.
beam of hope, ray of
hope, gleam of hope, glimmer of hope, flash of
hope, dawn of hope, star of hope; cheer; bit of blue
sky, silver lining, silver lining of the cloud, bottom
of Pandora’s box, balm in Gilead; light at the
end of the tunnel.
anchor, sheet anchor,
mainstay; staff &c. (support) 215; heaven &c.
981.
V. hope, trust, confide,
rely on, put one’s trust in; lean upon; pin
one’s hope upon, pin one’s faith upon
&c. (believe) 484.
feel hope, entertain
hope, harbor hope, indulge hope, cherish hope,
feed hope, foster hope, nourish hope, encourage hope,
cling to hope, live in hope, &c. n.; see land; feel
assured, rest assured, feel confident, rest confident
&c. adj.
presume; promise oneself;
expect &c. (look forward to) 507.
hope for &c. (desire)
865; anticipate.
be hopeful &c. adj.;
look on the bright side of, view on the sunny
side, voir en couleur de rose[Fr], make the best of
it, hope for the best; put a good face upon, put a
bold face upon, put the best face upon; keep one’s
spirits up; take heart, take heart of grace; be of
good heart, be of good cheer; flatter oneself, “lay
the flattering unction to one’s soul”
catch at a straw[hamlet],
hope against hope, reckon one’s chickens
before they are hatched, count one’s chickens
before they are hatched.
[cause hope] give hope,
inspire hope, raise hope, hold out hope &c.
n.; promise, bid fair, augur well, be in a fair way,
look up, flatter, tell a flattering tale; raise expectations[sentient
subject]; encourage, cheer, assure, reassure, buoy
up, embolden.
— p. 292 —
#859. [Absence, want
or loss of hope.] Hopelessness. — N.
hopelessness &c. adj.; despair, desperation; despondency,
depression &c. (dejection) 837; pessimism, pessimist;
Job’s comforter; bird of bad omen, bird of ill
omen.
abandonment, desolation;
resignation, surrender, submission &c. 725.
hope deferred, dashed
hopes; vain expectation &c. (disappointment)
509.
airy hopes &c. &c 858;
forlorn hope; gone case, dead duck, gone coon*
[U.S.]; goner*; bad job, bad business; enfant perdu[Fr];
gloomy horizon, black spots in the horizon; slough
of Despond, cave of Despair; immedicabile vulnus[Lat].
V. despair; lose all
hope, give up all hope, abandon all hope,
relinquish all hope, lose the hope of, give up the
hope of, abandon the hope of, relinquish the hope
of; give up, give over; yield to despair; falter;
despond &c. (be dejected) 837; jeter le manche apres
la cognee[Fr].
inspire despair, drive
to despair &c. n.; disconcert; dash one’s
hopes, crush one’s hopes, destroy one’s
hopes; hope against hope.
abandon; resign, surrender,
submit &c. 725.
Adj. hopeless, desperate,
despairing, gone, in despair, au
desespoir[Fr], forlorn, desolate; inconsolable &c.
(dejected) 837; broken hearted.
unpromising, unpropitious;
inauspicious, ill-omened, threatening,
clouded over.
out of the question,
not to be thought of; impracticable &c. 471; past
#860. Fear. —
N. fear, timidity, diffidence, want of confidence;
apprehensiveness, fearfulness &c. adj.; solicitude,
anxiety, care, apprehension, misgiving; feeze [obs3][U.S.];
mistrust &c. (doubt) 485; suspicion, qualm; hesitation
&c. (irresolution) 605.
nervousness, restlessness
&c. adj.; inquietude, disquietude, worry,
concern; batophobia[obs3]; heartquake[obs3]; flutter,
trepidation, fear and trembling, perturbation, tremor,
quivering, shaking, trembling, throbbing heart, palpitation,
ague fit, cold sweat; abject fear &c. (cowardice) 862;
mortal funk, heartsinking[obs3], despondency; despair
&c. 859.
fright; affright, affrightment[obs3];
boof alarm[obs3][U.S.], dread,
awe, terror, horror, dismay, consternation, panic,
scare, stampede [of horses].
intimidation, terrorism,
reign of terror.
[Object of fear] bug
bear, bugaboo; scarecrow; hobgoblin &c. (demon)
980; nightmare, Gorgon, mormo[obs3], ogre, Hurlothrumbo[obs3],
raw head and bloody bones, fee-faw-fum, bete noire[Fr],
enfant terrible[Fr].
alarmist &c. (coward)
862.
V. fear, stand in awe
of; be afraid &c. adj.; have qualms &c. n.;
apprehend, sit upon thorns, eye askance; distrust
&c. (disbelieve) 485.
hesitate &c. (be irresolute)
605; falter, funk, cower, crouch; skulk
&c. (cowardice) 862; “let ‘I dare not’
wait upon ‘I would’”; take fright,
take alarm; start, wince, flinch, shy, shrink; fly
&c. (avoid) 623.
tremble, shake; shiver,
shiver in one’s shoes; shudder, flutter; shake
like an aspen leaf, tremble like an aspen leaf, tremble
all over; quake, quaver, quiver, quail.
grow pale, turn pale;
blench, stand aghast; not dare to say one’s soul
is one’s own.
inspire fear, excite
fear, inspire awe, excite awe; raise
aprehensions[obs3]; be in a daze, bulldoze [U.
S.]; faze, feeze [obs3][U. S.]; give an alarm,
raise an alarm, sound an alarm; alarm, startle, scare,
cry “wolf,” disquiet, dismay; fright, frighten,
terrify; astound; fright from one’s propriety;
fright out of one’s senses, fright out of one’s
wits, fright out of one’s seven senses; awe;
strike all of a heap, strike an awe into, strike terror;
harrow up the soul, appall, unman, petrify, horrify;
pile on the agony.
make one’s flesh
creep, make one’s hair stand on end, make one’s
blood
— p. 293 —
#861. [Absence of fear.]
Courage. — N. courage, bravery, valor;
resoluteness, boldness &c. adj.; spirit, daring, gallantry,
intrepidity; contempt of danger, defiance of danger;
derring-do; audacity; rashness &c. 863; dash; defiance
&c. 715; confidence, self-reliance.
manliness, manhood;
nerve, pluck, mettle, game; heart, heart of grace;
spunk, guts, face, virtue, hardihood, fortitude, intestinal
fortitude; firmness &c. (stability) 150; heart of
oak; bottom, backbone, spine &c. (perseverance) 604a.
resolution &c. (determination) 604; bulldog courage.
prowess, heroism, chivalry.
exploit, feat, achievement;
heroic deed, heroic act; bold stroke.
man, man of mettle;
hero, demigod, Amazon, Hector; lion, tiger,
panther, bulldog; gamecock, fighting-cock; bully,
fire eater &c. 863.
V. be courageous &c.
adj.; dare, venture, make bold; face danger,
front danger, affront danger, confront danger, brave
danger, defy danger, despise danger, mock danger;
look in the face; look full in the face, look boldly
in the face, look danger in the face; face; meet, meet
in front; brave, beard; defy &c. 715.
take courage, muster
courage, summon up courage, pluck up courage;
Phr. one’s blood being up; courage sans peur [Fr];fortes fortuna adjuvat [Lat][Terence]; “have I not in my time heard lions roar” [Taming of the Shrew]; “I dare do all that may become a man” [Macbeth]; male vincetis sed vincite [Lat][Ovid]; omne solum forti patria[Lat]; “self-trust is the essence of heroism” [Emerson]; stimulos dedit oemula virtus [Lat][Lucan]; “strong and great, a hero” [Longfellow]; teloque animus proestantior omni [Lat][Ovid]; “there, is always safety in valor” [Emerson]; virtus ariete fortier[Lat][obs3].
— p. 294 —
#862. [Excess of fear.]
Cowardice. — N. cowardice, pusillanimity;
cowardliness &c. adj.; timidity, effeminacy.
poltroonery, baseness;
dastardness[obs3], dastardy[obs3]; abject fear,
funk; Dutch courage; fear &c. 860; white feather,
faint heart; cold feet * [U. S.], yellow streak*.
coward, poltroon, dastard,
sneak, recreant; shy cock, dunghill cock;
coistril[obs3], milksop, white liver, lily liver,
nidget[obs3], one that cannot say “bo”
to a goose; slink; Bob Acres, Jerry Sneak.
alarmist, terrorist|!,
pessimist; runagate &c. (fugitive) 623.
V. quail &c. (fear)
860; be cowardly &c. adj., be a coward &c. n.;
funk; cower,skulk, sneak; flinch, shy, fight shy,
#863. Rashness.
— N. rashness &c. adj.; temerity, want of
caution,
imprudence, indiscretion; overconfidence, presumption,
audacity.
precipitancy, precipitation;
impetuosity; levity;
foolhardihood[obs3], foolhardiness; heedlessness,
thoughtlessness &c. (inattention) 458; carelessness
&c. (neglect) 460; desperation; Quixotism, knight-errantry;
fire eating.
gaming, gambling; blind
bargain, leap in the dark, leap of faith,
fool’s paradise; too many eggs in one basket.
desperado, rashling[obs3],
madcap, daredevil, Hotspur, fire eater,
bully, bravo, Hector, scapegrace, enfant perdu[Fr];
Don Quixote, knight-errant, Icarus; adventurer; gambler,
gamester; dynamitard[obs3]; boomer [obs3][U.
S.].
V. be rash &c. adj.;
stick at nothing, play a desperate game; run into
danger &c. 665; play with fire, play with edge tools.
carry too much sail,
sail too near the wind, ride at single anchor, go
out of one’s depth.
take a leap in the dark,
buy a pig in a poke.
donner tete baissee
[Fr]; knock, one’s bead against a wall &c. (be
unskillful) 699; rush on destruction; kick against
the pricks, tempt Providence, go on a forlorn hope,
go on a fool’s errand.
reckon one’s chickens
before they are hatched, count one’s chickens
before they are hatched, reckon without one’s
host; catch at straws; trust to a broken reed, lean
on a broken reed.
Adj. rash, incautious,
indiscreet; imprudent, improvident,
temerarious; uncalculating[obs3]; heedless; careless
&c. (neglectful) 460; without ballast, heels over
head, head over heels; giddy &c. (inattentive) 458;
wanton, reckless, wild, madcap; desperate, devil-may-care.
hot-blooded, hotheaded,
hotbrained[obs3]; headlong, headstrong;
breakneck; foolhardy; harebrained; precipitate, impulsive.
overconfident, overweening; venturesome, venturous;
adventurous, Quixotic, fire eating, cavalier; janty[obs3],
jaunty, free and easy.
off one’s guard
&c. (inexpectant) 508[obs3].
Adv. post haste, a corps
perdu[Fr], hand over head, tete baissee[Fr],
headforemost[obs3]; happen what may, come what may.
Phr. neck or nothing,
the devil being in one; non semper temeritas est
felix [Lat][Livy]; paucis temeritas est bono multis
malo [Lat][Phaedrus].
— p. 295 —
#864. Caution.
— N. caution; cautiousness &c. adj.; discretion,
prudence, cautel|, heed, circumspection, calculation,
deliberation.
foresight &c. 510; vigilance
&c. 459; warning &c. 668.
coolness &c. adj.; self-possession,
self-command; presence of mind,
sang froid[Fr]; well-regulated mind; worldly wisdom,
Fabian policy.
V. be cautious &c. adj.;
take care, take heed, take good care; have
a care mind, what one is about; be on one’s
guard &c. (keep watch) 459; “make assurance
doubly sure” [Macbeth].
bespeak &c. (be early)
132.
think twice, look before
one leaps, count the cost, look to the main
chance, cut one’s coat according to one’s
cloth; feel one’s ground, feel one’s way;
see how the land lies &c. (foresight) 510; wait to
see how the cat jumps; bridle one’s tongue;
reculer pour mieux sauter &c. (prepare) 673[Fr]; let
well alone, let well enough alone; let sleeping dogs
lie, ne pas reveiller le chat qui dort [French:
don’t wake a sleeping cat].
keep out of harm’s
way, keep out of troubled waters; keep at a
respectful distance, stand aloof; keep on the safe
side, be on the safe side.
husband one’s
resources &c. 636.
caution &c. (warn) 668.
Adj. cautious, wary,
guarded; on one’s guard &c. (watchful) 459;
cavendo tutus[Lat]; in medio tutissimus[Lat]; vigilant.
careful, heedful; cautelous|,
stealthy, chary, shy of, circumspect,
prudent, discreet, politic; sure-footed &c. (skillful)
698.
unenterprising, unadventurous,
cool, steady, self-possessed;
overcautious.
Adv. cautiously &c.
adj.
Int. have a care!
Phr. timeo Danaos [Lat][Vergil];
festina lente[Lat].
ante victoriam ne canas
triumphum [Lat: don’t sing out victory before
the triumph]; “give, every man thine ear but
few thy voice” [Hamlet]; he who laughs last
laughs best, il rit bien qui rit le dernier[Fr]; ni
firmes carta que no leas ni bebas agua que no veas
[Sp]; nescit vox missa reverti [Lat][Horace]; “love
all, trust a few” [All’s Well]; noli irritare
leones [obs3][Lat]; safe bind safe find; “if
it ain’t broke, don’t fix it” [Bert
Lance].
— p. 296 —
#865. Desire. —
N. desire, wish, fancy, fantasy; want, need,
exigency.
mind, inclination, leaning,
bent, animus, partiality, penchant,
predilection; propensity &c. 820; willingness &c.
602; liking, love, fondness, relish.
longing, hankering,
inkling; solicitude, anxiety; yearning, coveting;
aspiration, ambition, vaulting ambition; eagerness,
zeal, ardor, empressement[Fr], breathless impatience,
overanxiety; impetuosity, &c. 825.
appetite, appetition[obs3],
appetence[obs3], appetency[obs3]; sharp
appetite, keenness, hunger, stomach, twist; thirst,
thirstiness; drouth, mouthwatering; itch, itching;
prurience, cacoethes[Lat], cupidity, lust, concupiscence.
#866. Indifference.
— N. indifference, neutrality; coldness
&c. adj.;
anaphrodisia[obs3]; unconcern, insouciance, nonchalance;
want of interest, want of earnestness; anorexy[obs3],
anorexia, inappetency[obs3]; apathy &c. (insensibility)
823; supineness &c. (inactivity) 683; disdain &c. 930;
recklessness &c. 863; inattention &c. 458.
anaphrodisiac[obs3],
antaphrodisiac[obs3]; lust-quencher, passion-
queller[obs3].
V. be indifferent &c.
adj.; stand neuter; take no interest in &c.
(insensibility) 823; have no desire for &c. 865,have
no taste for, have no relish for; not care for; care
nothing for, care nothing about; not care a straw
about, not care a fig for, not care a whit about &c.
(unimportance) 643; not mind.
set at naught &c. (make
light of) 483; spurn &c. (disdain) 930.
Adj. indifferent, cold,
frigid, lukewarm; cool, cool as a cucumber;
unconcerned, insouciant, phlegmatic, pococurante[obs3],
easygoing, devil-may-care, careless, listless, lackadaisical;
half-hearted; unambitious, unaspiring, undesirous[obs3],
unsolicitous[obs3], unattracted.
[indifferent toward
people] aloof, unapproachable, remote; uncaring.
unattractive, unalluring,
undesired, undesirable, uncared for,
unwished[obs3], unvalued, all one to.
insipid &c. 391; vain.
Adv. for aught one cares.
Int. never mind; Who
cares? whatever you like, whatever.
Phr. I couldn’t
care less, I could care less; anything will do; es
macht nichts [German].
— p. 297 —
#867. Dislike.
— N. dislike, distaste, disrelish, disinclination,
displacency[obs3].
reluctance; backwardness
&c. (unwillingness) 603.
repugnance, disgust,
queasiness, turn, nausea, loathing;
averseness[obs3], aversation|, aversion; abomination,
antipathy, abhorrence, horror; mortal antipathy, rooted
antipathy, mortal horror, rooted horror; hatred, detestation;
hate &c. 898; animosity &c. 900; hydrophobia; canine
madness; byssa[obs3], xenophobia. sickener[obs3]; gall
and wormwood &c. (unsavory) 395; shuddering, cold sweat.
#868. Fastidiousness.
— N. fastidiousness &c. adj.; nicety,
hypercriticism, difficulty in being pleased, friandise[Fr],
epicurism, omnia suspendens naso[Lat].
epicure, gourmet.
[Excess of delicacy]
prudery.
V. be fastidious &c.
adj.; have a sweet tooth.
mince the matter; turn
up one’s nose at &c. (disdain) 930; look a gift
horse in the mouth, see spots on the sun.
Adj. fastidious, nice,
delicate, delicat[obs3], finical, finicky,
demanding, meticulous, exacting, strict, anal[vulg.],
difficult, dainty, lickerish[obs3], squeamish, thin-skinned;
squeasy[obs3], queasy; hard to please, difficult to
please; querulous, particular, straitlaced, scrupulous;
censorious &c. 932; hypercritical; overcritical.
Phr. noli me tangere[Lat].
#869. Satiety.
— N. satiety, satisfaction, saturation,
repletion,
glut, surfeit; cloyment[obs3], satiation; weariness
&c. 841. spoiled child; enfant gete[Fr], enfant terrible[Fr];
too much of a good thing, toujours perdrix[Fr]; crambe
repetita[Lat][obs3].
V. sate, satiate, satisfy,
saturate; cloy, quench, slake, pall, glut.,
gorge, surfeit; bore &c. (weary) 841; tire &c. (fatigue)
688; spoil.
have enough of, have
quite enough of, have one’s fill, have too much
of; be satiated &c. adj.
Adj. satiated &c. v.;
overgorged[obs3]; blase, used up, sick of,
heartsick.
Int. enough! hold! eheu
jam satis[Lat]! basta[obs3]!
— p. 298 — %
4.
CONTEMPLATIVE AFFECTIONS
%
#870. Wonder. —
N. wonder, marvel; astonishment, amazement,
wonderment, bewilderment; amazedness &c. adj[obs3].;
admiration, awe; stupor, stupefaction; stound|, fascination;
sensation; surprise &c. (inexpectation) 5O8[obs3].
note of admiration;
thaumaturgy &c.(sorcery) 992[obs3].
V. wonder, marvel, admire;
be surprised &c. adj.; start; stare; open
one’s eyes, rub one’s eyes, turn up one’s
eyes; gloar|; gape, open one’s mouth, hold one’s
breath; look aghast, stand aghast, stand agog; look
blank &c. (disappointment) 509; tombe des nues[Fr];
not believe one’s eyes, not believe one’s
ears, not believe one’s senses.
not be able to account
for &c. (unintelligible) 519; not know whether
one stands on one’s head or one’s heels.
surprise, astonish,
amaze, astound; dumfound, dumfounder; startle,
dazzle; daze; strike, strike with wonder, strike with
awe; electrify; stun, stupefy, petrify, confound,
bewilder, flabbergast, stagger, throw on one’s
beam ends, fascinate, turn the head, take away one’s
breath, strike dumb; make one’s hair stand on
end, make one’s tongue cleave to the roof of
one’s mouth; make one stare.
take by surprise &c.
(be unexpected) 508.
be wonderful &c. adj.;
beggar description, beggar the imagination,
baffle description; stagger belief.
Adj. surprised &c. v.;
aghast, all agog, breathless, agape; open-
mouthed; awestruck, thunderstruck, moonstruck, planet-struck;
spellbound; lost in amazement, lost in wonder, lost
in astonishment; struck all of a heap, unable to believe
one’s senses, like a duck ion thunder.
wonderful, wondrous;
surprising &c. v.; unexpected &c. 508; unheard
of; mysterious &c. (inexplicable) 519; miraculous.
indescribable, inexpressible, inaffable[obs3]; unutterable,
unspeakable.
monstrous, prodigious,
stupendous, marvelous; inconceivable,
incredible; inimaginable[obs3], unimaginable; strange
&c. (uncommon) 83; passing strange.
striking &c. v.; overwhelming;
wonder-working.
Adv. wonderfully, &c.
adj.; fearfully; for a wonder, in the name of
wonder; strange to say; mirabile dictu[Lat], mirabile
visu[Lat]; to one’s great surprise.
with wonder &c. n.,
with gaping mouth; with open eyes, with upturned
eyes.
Int. lo, lo and behold!
O! heyday! halloo! what! indeed! really!
surely! humph! hem! good lack, good heavens, good
gracious! Ye gods! good Lord! good grief!
Holy cow! My word! Holy shit![vulg.], gad
so! welladay[obs3]! dear me! only think! lackadaisy[obs3]!
my stars, my goodness! gracious goodness! goodness
gracious! mercy on us! heavens and earth! God
bless me! bless us, bless my heart! odzookens[obs3]!
O gemini! adzooks[obs3]! hoity-toity! strong!
Heaven save the mark, bless the mark! can such things
be! zounds! ’sdeath! what on earth, what in the
world! who would have thought it! &c. (inexpectation)
508[obs3]; you don’t say so! You’re
kidding!. No kidding? what do you say to that!
nous verrons[Fr]! how now! where am I?
Phr. vox faucibus haesit[Lat];
one’s hair standing on end.
#871. [Absence of wonder.]
Expectance. — N. expectance &c.
(expectation) 507.
example, instance (conformity)
82.
normality (habit) 613
nine days’ wonder.
V. expect &c. 507; not
be surprised, not wonder &c. 870; nil
admirari[Lat], make nothing of.
Adj. expecting &c. v.;
unamazed, astonished at nothing; blase &c.
(weary) 841; expected &c. v.; foreseen; unsurprising.
common, ordinary, normal,
typical, usual &c. (habitual) 613.
Adv. naturally, as
a matter of course.
Int. no wonder; of course.
#872. Prodigy.
— N. prodigy, phenomenon; wonder, wonderment;
marvel,
miracle; monster &c. (unconformity) 83; curiosity,
lion, sight, spectacle; jeu de theatre[Fr], coup de
theatre; gazingstock[obs3]; sign; St. Elmo’s
fire, St. Elmo’s light; portent &c. 512.
bursting of a shell,
bursting of a bomb; volcanic eruption, peal of
thunder; thunder-clap, thunder-bolt.
what no words can paint;
wonders of the world; annus mirabilis[Lat];
dignus vindice nodus[Lat].
Phr. natura il fece
e poi roppe la stampa [Ital.].
— p. 299 — %
5.
EXTRINSIC AFFECTIONS
% — Or personal affections derived
from the opinion or feelings of others. —
#873. Repute. —
N. distinction, mark, name, figure; repute,
reputation; good repute, high repute; note, notability,
notoriety, eclat, “the bubble reputation”
[As You Like It], vogue, celebrity; fame, famousness;
renown; popularity, aura popularis[Lat]; approbation
&c. 931; credit, succes d’estime[Fr], prestige,
talk of the town; name to conjure with.
glory, honor; luster
&c. (light) 420; illustriousness &c. adj.
account, regard, respect;
reputableness &c. adj[obs3].; respectability
&c. (probity) 939; good name, good report; fair name.
dignity; stateliness
&c. adj.; solemnity, grandeur, splendor,
nobility, majesty, sublimity.
rank, standing, brevet
rank, precedence, pas, station, place, status;
position, position in society; order, degree, baccalaureate,
locus standi[Lat], caste, condition.
greatness &c. adj.;
eminence; height &c. 206; importance &c. 642;
preeminence, supereminence; high mightiness, primacy;
top of the ladder, top of the tree.
elevation; ascent &c.
305; superaltation[obs3], exaltation;
dignification[obs3], aggrandizement. dedication, consecration,
enthronement, canonization, celebration, enshrinement,
glorification.
hero, man of mark, great
card, celebrity, worthy, lion, rara
avis[Lat], notability, somebody; classman[obs3]; man
of rank &c. (nobleman) 875; pillar of the state, pillar
of the church, pillar of the community.
chief &c. (master) 745;
first fiddle &c. (proficient) 700; cynosure,
mirror; flower, pink, pearl; paragon &c. (perfection)
650; choice and master spirits of the age; elite;
star,.sun, constellation, galaxy. ornament, honor,
be distinguished &c.
adj.; shine &c. (light) 420; shine forth, figure;
cut a figure, make a dash, make a splash. rival,
surpass; outshine, outrival, outvie[obs3], outjump;
emulate, eclipse; throw into the shade, cast into
the shade; overshadow.
live, flourish, glitter,
flaunt, gain honor, acquire honor &c. n.;
play first fiddle &c. (be of importance) 642, bear
the palm, bear the bell; lead the way; take precedence,
take the wall of; gain laurels, win laurels, gain
spurs, gain golden opinions &c. (approbation) 931;
take one’s degree, pass one’s examination.
make a noise, make
some noise, make a noise in the world; leave one’s
mark, exalt one’s horn, blow one’s horn,
star it, have a run, be run after; come into vogue,
come to the front; raise one’s head.
enthrone, signalize,
immortalize, deify, exalt to the skies; hand
one’s name down to posterity.
consecrate; dedicate
to, devote to; enshrine, inscribe, blazon,
lionize, blow the trumpet, crown with laurel.
confer honor on, reflect
honor on &c. v.; shed a luster on;
redound to one’s honor, ennoble.
give honor to, do honor
to, pay honor to, render honor to; honor,
accredit, pay regard to, dignify, glorify; sing praises
to &c. (approve) 931; lock up to; exalt, aggrandize,
elevate, nobilitate[Lat].
Adj. distinguished,
distingue[Fr], noted; of note &c. n.; honored &c.
v.; popular; fashionable &c. 852.
in good odor in; favor,
in high favor; reputable, respectable,
creditable.
remarkable &c. (important)
642; notable, notorious; celebrated,
renowned, ion every one’s mouth, talked of;
famous, famed; far-famed; conspicuous, to the front;
foremost; in the front rank, in the ascendant.
imperishable, deathless,
immortal, never fading, aere
perennius[Lat][obs3]; time honored.
illustrious, glorious,
splendid, brilliant, radiant; bright &c. 420;
full-blown; honorific.
eminent, prominent;
high &c. 206; in the zenith; at the head of, at
the top of the tree; peerless, of the first water.;
superior &c. 33; supereminent, preeminent.
great, dignified, proud,
noble, honorable, worshipful, lordly, grand,
stately, august, princely. imposing, solemn, transcendent,
majestic, sacred, sublime, heaven-born, heroic, sans
peur et sans reproche[Fr]; sacrosanct.
Int. hail! all hail!
ave! viva! vive[Fr]! long life to! banzai![Jap.];
glory be to, honor be to?
Phr. one’s name
being in every mouth, one’s name living for ever;
sic
itur ad astra[Lat], fama volat[Lat], aut Caesar aut
— p. 300 —
#874. Disrepute.
— N. disrepute, discredit; ill repute, bad
repute,
bad name, bad odor, bad favor, ill name, ill odor,
ill favor; disapprobation &c. 932; ingloriousness,
derogation; abasement, debasement; abjectness &c.
adj.; degradation, dedecoration[obs3]; a long farewell
to all my greatness [Henry VIII]; odium, obloquy,
opprobrium, ignominy.
dishonor, disgrace;
shame, humiliation; scandal, baseness,
vileness[obs3]; turpitude &c. (improbity) 940[obs3];
infamy.
tarnish, taint, defilement,
pollution. stain, blot, spot, blur,
stigma, brand, reproach, imputation, slur.
crying shame, burning
shame; scandalum magnatum[Lat], badge of infamy,
blot in one’s escutcheon; bend sinister, bar
sinister; champain[obs3], point champain[obs3]; byword
of reproach; Ichabod.
argumentum ad verecundiam[Lat];
sense of shame &c. 879.
V. be inglorious &c.
adj.; incur disgrace &c. n.; have a bad name,
earn a bad name; put a halter round one’s neck,
wear a halter round one’s neck; disgrace oneself,
expose oneself.
play second fiddle;
lose caste; pale one’s ineffectual fire; recede
into the shade; fall from one’s high estate;
keep in the background &c. (modesty) 881; be conscious
of disgrace &c. (humility) 879; look blue, look foolish,
look like a fool; cut a poor figure, cut a sorry figure;
laugh on the wrong side of the mouth; make a sorry
face, go away with a flea in. one’s ear, slink
away.
cause shame &c. n.;
shame, disgrace, put to shame, dishonor; throw
dishonor upon, cast dishonor upon, fling dishonor
upon, reflect dishonor upon &c. n.; be a reproach
&c. n. to; derogate from.
tarnish, stain, blot
sully, taint; discredit; degrade, debase, defile;
beggar; expel &c. (punish) 972.
impute shame to, brand,
post, stigmatize, vilify, defame, slur, cast a
slur upon, hold up to shame, send to Coventry; tread
under foot, trample under foot; show up, drag through
the mire, heap dirt upon; reprehend &c. 932.
bring low, put down,
snub; take down a peg, take down a peg lower,
take down a peg or two.
obscure. eclipse, outshine,
take the shine out of; throw into the
shade, cast into the shade; overshadow; leave in the
background, put in the background; push into a corner,
put one’s nose out of joint; put out, put out
of countenance.
upset, throw off one’s
center; discompose, disconcert; put to the
blush &c. (humble) 879.
#875. Nobility.
— N. nobility, rank, condition, distinction,
optimacy[obs3], blood, pur sang[Fr], birth, high descent,
order; quality, gentility; blue blood of Castile;
ancien regime[Fr].
high life, haute monde[Fr];
upper classes, upper ten thousand; the
four hundred [U. S.]; elite, aristocracy, great
folks; fashionable world &c. (fashion) 852.
peer, peerage; house
of lords, house of peers; lords, lords temporal
and spiritual; noblesse; noble, nobleman; lord, lordling[obs3];
grandee, magnifico[Lat], hidalgo; daimio[obs3], daimyo,
samurai, shizoku [all Japanese]; don, donship[obs3];
aristocrat, swell, three-tailed bashaw[obs3]; gentleman,
squire, squireen[obs3], patrician, laureate.
gentry, gentlefolk;
squirarchy[obs3], better sort magnates, primates,
optimates[obs3]; pantisocracy[obs3].
king &c. (master) 745;
atheling[obs3]; prince, duke; marquis,
marquisate[obs3]; earl, viscount, baron, thane, banneret[obs3];
baronet, baronetcy[obs3]; knight, knighthood; count,
armiger[obs3], laird; signior[obs3], seignior; esquire,
boyar, margrave, vavasour[obs3]; emir, ameer[obs3],
scherif[obs3], sharif, effendi, wali; sahib; chevalier,
maharaja, nawab, palsgrave[obs3], pasha, rajah, waldgrave[obs3].
princess, begum[obs3],
duchess, marchioness; countess &c.; lady, dame;
memsahib; Dona, maharani, rani.
personage of distinction,
man of distinction, personage of rank, man
of rank, personage of mark, man of mark; notables,
notabilities; celebrity, bigwig, magnate, great man,
star, superstar; big bug; big gun, great gun; gilded
rooster [U. S.]; magni nominis umbra [Lat][Lucan];
“every inch a king” [Lear].
V. be noble &c. adj.
Adj. noble, exalted;
of rank &c. n.; princely, titled, patrician,
aristocratic; high-, well-born; of gentle blood; genteel,
comme il faut[Fr], gentlemanlike[obs3], courtly &c.
(fashionable) 852; highly respectable.
Adv. in high quarters.
Phr. Adel sitzt
im Gemuthe nicht im Gebluete[Ger.]; adelig und edel
sind zweierlei[obs3][Ger.]; noblesse oblige[Fr.].
#876. Commonalty.
— N. commonalty, democracy; obscurity; low
condition, low life, low society, low company; bourgeoisie;
mass of the people, mass of society; Brown Jones and
Robinson; lower classes, humbler classes, humbler
orders; vulgar herd, common herd; rank and file, hoc
genus omne[Lat]; the many, the general,the crowd,
the people, the populace, the multitude, the million,
the masses, the mobility, the peasantry; king Mob;
proletariat; fruges consumere nati[Lat], demos, hoi
polloi [Grk][Grk][Grk], great unwashed; man in the
street.
mob; rabble, rabble
rout; chaff, rout, horde, canaille; scum of the
people, residuum of the people, dregs of the people,
dregs of society; swinish multitude, foex populi[obs3];
trash; profanum vulgus[Lat], ignobile vulgus[Lat];
vermin, riffraff, ragtag and bobtail; small fry.
commoner, one of the
people, democrat, plebeian, republican,
proletary[obs3], proletaire[obs3], roturier[obs3],
Mr. Snooks, bourgeois, epicier[Fr], Philistine, cockney;
grisette[obs3], demimonde.
peasant, countryman,
boor, carle[obs3], churl; villain, villein;
terrae filius[Latin: son of the land]; serf,
kern[obs3], tyke, tike, chuff[obs3], ryot[obs3], fellah;
longshoreman; swain, clown, hind; clod, clodhopper;
hobnail, yokel, bog-trotter, bumpkin; plowman, plowboy[obs3];
rustic, hayseed*, lunkhead [U. S.], chaw-bacon*[obs3],
tiller of the soil; hewers of wood and drawers of
water, groundling[obs3]; gaffer, loon, put, cub, Tony
Lumpkin[obs3], looby[obs3], rube* [U. S.], lout,
underling; gamin; rough; pot-wallopper[obs3], slubberdegullion|;
vulgar fellow, low fellow; cad, curmudgeon.
upstart, parvenu, skipjack[obs3];
nobody, nobody one knows; hesterni
quirites[Lat], pessoribus orti[Lat]; bourgeois gentilhomme[Fr],
novus homo[Lat], snob, gent, mushroom, no one knows
who, adventurer; man of straw.
beggar, gaberlunzie[obs3],
muckworm[obs3], mudlark[obs3], sans
culotte, raff[obs3], tatterdemalion, caitiff, ragamuffin,
Pariah, outcast of society, tramp, vagabond, bezonian[obs3],
panhandler*, sundowner[obs3], chiffonnier, Cinderella,
cinderwench[obs3], scrub, jade; gossoon[obs3].
Goth, Vandal, Hottentot,
Zulu, savage, barbarian, Yahoo; unlicked
cub[obs3], rough diamond|!.
barbarousness, barbarism;
boeotia.
V. be ignoble &c. adj.,
be nobody &c. n.
Adj. ignoble, common,
mean, low, base, vile, sorry, scrubby, beggarly;
below par; no great shakes &c. (unimportant) 643;
homely, homespun; vulgar, low-minded; snobbish.
plebeian, proletarian;
of low parentage, of low origin, of low
extraction, of mean parentage, of mean origin, of
mean extraction; lowborn, baseborn, earthborn[obs3];
mushroom, dunghill, risen from the ranks; unknown
to fame, obscure, untitled.
rustic, uncivilized;
loutish, boorish, clownish, churlish, brutish,
raffish; rude, unlicked[obs3].
barbarous, barbarian,
barbaric, barbaresque[obs3]; cockney, born
within sound of Bow bells.
underling, menial, subaltern.
Adv. below the salt.
Phr. dummodo sit dives
barbarus ipse placet [Lat][Ovid].
— p. 302 —
#877. Title. —
N. title, honor; knighthood &c. (nobility) 875.
highness, excellency,
grace; lordship, worship; reverence, reverend;
esquire, sir, master, Mr., signor, senor, Mein Herr[Ger],
mynheer[obs3]; your honor, his honor; serene highness;
handle to one’s name.
decoration, laurel,
palm, wreath, garland, bays, medal, ribbon,
riband, blue ribbon, cordon, cross, crown, coronet,
star, garter; feather, feather in one,s cap; epaulet,
epaulette, colors, cockade; livery; order, arms, shield,
scutcheon; reward &c. 973.
#878. Pride. —
N. dignity, self-respect, mens sibi conscia recti
[Lat][Vergil].
pride; haughtiness &c.
adj.; high notions, hauteur; vainglory, crest;
arrogance &c. (assumption) 885.
proud man, highflier[obs3];
fine gentleman, fine lady.
V. be proud &c. adj.;
put a good face on; look one in the face; stalk
abroad, perk oneself up; think no small beer of oneself;
presume, swagger, strut; rear one’s head, lift
up one’s head, hold up one’s head; hold
one’s head high, look big, take the wall, “bear
like the Turk no rival near the throne” [Pope],
carry with a high hand; ride the high horse, mount
on one’s high horse; set one’s back up,
bridle, toss the head; give oneself airs &c. (assume)
885; boast &c. 884.
pride oneself on; glory
in, take a pride in; pique oneself, plume
oneself, hug oneself; stand upon, be proud of; put
a good face on; not hide one’s light under a
bushel, not put one’s talent in a napkin; not
think small beer of oneself &c. (vanity) 880.
Adj. dignified; stately;
proud, proud-crested; lordly, baronial;
lofty-minded; highsouled, high-minded, high-mettled[obs3],
high-handed, high-plumed, high-flown, high-toned.
haughty lofty, high,
mighty, swollen, puffed up, flushed, blown;
vainglorious; purse-proud, fine; proud as a peacock,
proud as Lucifer; bloated with pride.
supercilious, disdainful,
bumptious, magisterial, imperious, high and
mighty, overweening, consequential; arrogant &c.
885; unblushing &c. 880.
stiff, stiff-necked;
starch; perked stuck-up; in buckram, strait-
laced; prim &c. (affected) 855.
on one’s dignity,
on one’s high horses,on one’s tight ropes,
on one’s
high ropes; on stilts; en grand seigneur [Fr].
Adv. with head erect.
Phr. odi profanum vulgus
et arceo [Lat][Horace].
“a duke’s
revenues on her back” [Henry VI]; “disdains
the shadow
which he treads on at noon” [Coriolanis]; “pride
in their port, defiance in their eye” [Goldsmith].
#879. Humility.
— N. humility, humbleness; meekness, lowness;
lowliness, lowlihood[obs3]; abasement, self-abasement;
submission &c. 725; resignation.
condescension; affability
&c. (courtesy) 894.
modesty &c. 881; verecundity|,
blush, suffusion, confusion; sense of
shame,sense of disgrace; humiliation, mortification;
— p. 303 —
#880. Vanity. —
N. vanity; conceit, conceitedness; self-conceit,
self-complacency, self-confidence, self-sufficiency,
self-esteem, self-love, self-approbation, self-praise,
self-glorification, self-laudation, self-gratulation[obs3],
self-applause, self-admiration; amour propre[Fr];
selfishness &c. 943.
airs, affected manner,
pretensions, mannerism; egotism;
priggism[obs3], priggishness; coxcombry, gaudery[obs3],
vainglory, elation; pride &c. 878; ostentation &c.
882; assurance &c. 885.
vox et praeterea nihil[Lat];
cheval de bataille[Fr]. coxcomb &c. 854
Sir Oracle &c. 887.
V. be vain &c. adj.,
be vain of; pique oneself &c. (pride) 878; lay
the flattering unction to one’s soul.
have too high an opinion
of oneself, have an overweening opinion of
oneself, have too high an opinion of one’s talents;
blind oneself as to one’s own merit; not think
small beer of oneself, not think vin ordinaire of
#881. Modesty.
— N. modesty; humility &c. 879; diffidence,
timidity;
retiring disposition; unobtrusiveness; bashfulness
&c. adj.; mauvaise honte[Fr]; blush, blushing; verecundity|;
self-knowledge.
reserve, constraint;
demureness &c. adj.; “blushing honors”
[Henry
VIII].
V. be modest &c. adj.;
retire, reserve oneself; give way to; draw in
one’s horns &c. 879; hide one’s face.
keep private, keep in
the background, keep one’s distance; pursue the
noiseless tenor of one’s way, “do good
by stealth and blush to find it fame” [Pope],
hide one’s light under a bushel, cast a sheep’s
eye.
Adj. modest, diffident;
humble &c. 879; timid, timorous, bashful; shy,
nervous, skittish, coy, sheepish, shamefaced, blushing,
overmodest.
unpretending[obs3],
unpretentious; unobtrusive, unassuming,
unostentatious, unboastful[obs3], unaspiring; poor
in spirit.
out of countenance &c.
(humbled) 879. reserved, constrained, demure.
Adv. humbly &c. adj.;
quietly, privately; without ceremony, without
beat of drum; sans faon.
Phr. “not stepping
o’er the bounds of modesty” [Romeo and
Juliet];
“thy modesty’s a candle to thy merit”
[Fielding].
— p. 304 —
#882. Ostentation.
— N. ostentation, display, show, flourish,
parade,
etalage[Fr], pomp, array, state, solemnity; dash,
splash, splurge, glitter, strut, pomposity; pretense,
pretensions; showing off; fuss.
magnificence, splendor;
coup d’oeil[Fr]; grand doings.
coup de theatre; stage
effect, stage trick; claptrap; mise en
scene[Fr]; tour de force; chic.
demonstration, flying
colors; tomfoolery; flourish of trumpets &c.
(celebration) 883; pageant, pageantry; spectacle,
exhibition, exposition, procession; turn out, set
out; grand function; fte, gala, field day, review,
march past, promenade, insubstantial pageant.
dress; court dress,
full dress, evening dress, ball dress, fancy
dress; tailoring, millinery, man millinery, frippery,
#883. Celebration.
— N. celebration, solemnization, jubilee,
commemoration, ovation, paean, triumph, jubilation,
ceremony (rite) 998; holiday, fiesta, zarabanda[obs3],
revelry, feast (amusement) 840; china anniversary,
diamond anniversary, golden anniversary, silver anniversary,
tin anniversary, china jubilee, diamond jubilee, golden
jubilee, silver jubilee, tin jubilee, china wedding,
diamond wedding, golden wedding, silver wedding, tin
wedding.
triumphal arch, bonfire,
salute; salvo, salvo of artillery; feu de
joie[Fr], flourish of trumpets, fanfare, colors flying,
illuminations.
inauguration, installation,
presentation; coronation; Lord Mayor’s
show; harvest-home, red-letter day; trophy &,:c. 733;
Te Deum &c. (thanksgiving) 990[Lat]; fete &c. 882;
holiday &c. 840; Forefathers’ Day [U. S.].
V. celebrate keep, signalize,
do honor to, commemorate, solemnize,
hallow, mark with a red letter.
pledge, drink to, toast,
hob and nob[obs3].
inaugurate, install,
chair.
rejoice &c. 838; kill
the fatted calf, hold jubilee, roast an ox.
Adj. celebrating &c.
v.; commemorative, celebrated, immortal.
Adv. in honor of, in
commemoration of.
Int. hail! all hail!
io paean, io triumphe[obs3]! “see the conquering
hero comes!”.
#884. Boasting.
— N. boasting &c. v.; boast, vaunt, crake|;
pretense,
pretensions; puff, puffery; flourish, fanfaronade[obs3];
gasconade; blague[obs3], bluff, gas*; highfalutin,
highfaluting[obs3]; hot air, spread-eagleism [obs3][U.
S.]; brag, braggardism[obs3]; bravado, bunkum, buncombe;
jactitation[obs3], jactancy[obs3]; bounce; venditation|,
vaporing, rodomontade, bombast, fine talking, tall
talk, magniloquence, teratology|, heroics; Chauvinism;
exaggeration &c. 549.
vanity &c. 880; vox
et praeterea nihil[Lat]; much cry and little wool,
brutum fulmen[Lat].
exultation; gloriation|,
glorification; flourish of trumpets; triumph
&c. 883.
boaster; braggart, braggadocio;
Gascon[Fr], fanfaron[obs3], pretender,
soi-disant[Fr]; blower [U. S.], bluffer, Foxy
Quiller[obs3]; blusterer &c. 887; charlatan, jack-pudding,
trumpeter; puppy &c. (fop) 854.
V. boast, make a boast
of, brag, vaunt, Puff, show off, flourish,
crake|, crack, trumpet, strut, swagger, vapor; blague[obs3],
blow, four-flush *, bluff.
exult, crow, crow over,
neigh, chuckle, triumph; throw up one’s cap;
talk big, se faire valoir[Fr], faire claquer son fouet[obs3][Fr],
take merit to oneself, make a merit of, sing Io triumphe[obs3],
holloa before one is out of the wood[obs3].
Adj. boasting &c. v.;
magniloquent, flaming, Thrasonic, stilted,
gasconading, braggart, boastful, pretentious, soi-disant[Fr];
vainglorious &c. (conceited) 880; highfalutin, highfaluting[obs3];
spread-eagle [U. S.*].
elate, elated; jubilant,
triumphant, exultant; in high feather;
flushed, flushed with victory; cock-a-hoop; on stilts.
vaunted &c. v.
Adv. vauntingly &c.
adj.
Phr. “let the
galled jade wince” [Hamlet]; facta non verba[Lat].
— p. 305 —
#885. [Undue assumption
of superiority.] Insolence. — N. insolence;
haughtiness &c. adj.; arrogance, airs; overbearance[obs3];
domineering &c. v.; tyranny &c. 739.
impertinence; sauciness
&c. adj.; flippancy, dicacity|, petulance,
procacity[obs3], bluster; swagger, swaggering &c.
v.; bounce; terrorism.
assumption, presumption;
beggar on horseback; usurpation.
impudence, assurance,
audacity, hardihood, front, face, brass;
shamelessness &c. adj.; effrontery, hardened front,
face of brass.
assumption of infallibility.
saucebox &c. (blusterer)
887[obs3].
V. be insolent &c. adj.;
bluster, vapor, swagger, swell, give oneself
airs, snap one’s fingers, kick up a dust; swear
&c. (affirm) 535; rap out oaths; roister. arrogate;
assume, presume; make bold, make free; take a liberty,
give an inch and take an ell.
domineer, bully, dictate,
hector; lord it over; traiter de haut en
bas[Fr], regarder de haut en bas[Fr]; exact; snub,
huff., beard, fly in the face of; put to the blush;
bear down, beat down; browbeat, intimidate; trample
down, tread down, trample under foot; dragoon, ride
#886. Servility.
— N. servility; slavery &c. (subjection)
749;
obsequiousness &c. adj.; subserviency; abasement;
prostration, prosternation|; genuflection &c. (worship)
990; fawning &c. v.; tuft-hunting, timeserving[obs3],
flunkeyism[obs3]; sycophancy &c. (flattery) 933; humility
&c. 879.
sycophant, parasite;
toad, toady, toad-eater; tufthunter[obs3]; snob,
flunky, flunkey, yes-man, lapdog, spaniel, lickspittle,
smell-feast, Graeculus esuriens[Lat], hanger on, cavaliere
servente[It], led captain, carpet knight; timeserver,
fortune hunter, Vicar of Bray, Sir-Pertinax, Max Sycophant,
pickthank[obs3]; flatterer &c. 935; doer of dirty work;
ame damnee[Fr], tool; reptile; slave &c. (servant)
746; courtier; beat*, dead beat*, doughface * [obs3][U.
S], heeler [U. S.], homme de cour[Fr], sponger,
sucker*, tagtail[obs3], truckler.
V. cringe, bow, stoop,
kneel, bend the knee; fall on one’s knees,
prostrate oneself; worship &c. 990.
sneak, crawl, crouch,
cower, sponge, truckle to, grovel, fawn, lick
the feet of, kiss the hem of one’s garment,
kiss one’s ass[vulg.], suck up.
pay court to; feed on,
fatten on, dance attendance on, pin oneself
upon, hang on the sleeve of, avaler les couleuvres[Fr],
keep time to, fetch and carry, do the dirty work of.
go with the stream,
worship the rising sun, hold with the hare and run
with the hounds.
Adj. servile, obsequious;
supple,supple as a glove; soapy, oily,
pliant, cringing, abased, dough-faced, fawning, slavish,
groveling, sniveling, mealy-mouthed; beggarly, sycophantic,
parasitical; abject, prostrate, down on ones marrowbones;
base, mean, sneaking; crouching &c. v.
Adv. hat in hand, cap
in hand.
— p. 306 —
#887. Blusterer.
— N. blusterer, swaggerer, vaporer, roisterer[obs3],
brawler; fanfaron[obs3]; braggart &c. (boaster) 884;
bully, terrorist, rough; bulldozer [U. S.], hoodlum,
hooligan*, larrikin[obs3], roarer*; Mohock, Mohawk;
drawcansir[obs3], swashbuckler, Captain Bobadil, Sir
Lucius O’Trigger, Thraso, Pistol, Parolles,
Bombastes Furioso[obs3], Hector, Chrononhotonthologos[obs3];
jingo; desperado, dare-devil, fire eater; fury, &c.
(violent person) 173; rowdy; slang-whanger*[obs3],
tough [U. S.].
puppy &c. (fop) 854;
prig; Sir Oracle, dogmatist, doctrinaire, jack-
in-office; saucebox[obs3], malapert, jackanapes, minx;
bantam-cock.
%
SECTION
III. SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS
1. SOCIAL AFFECTIONS %
#888. Friendship.—
N. friendship, amity; friendliness &c. adj.;
brotherhood, fraternity, sodality, confraternity;
harmony &c. (concord) 714; peace &c. 721.
firm friendship, staunch
friendship, intimate friendship, familiar
friendship, bosom friendship, cordial friendship,
tried friendship, devoted friendship, lasting friendship,
fast friendship, sincere friendship, warm friendship,
ardent friendship.
cordiality, fraternization,
entente cordiale[Fr], good understanding,
rapprochement, sympathy, fellow-feeling, response,
welcomeness.
affection &c. (love)
897; favoritism; good will &c. (benevolence) 906.
acquaintance, familiarity,
intimacy, intercourse, fellowship,
knowledge of; introduction.
V. be friendly &c. adj.,
be friends &c. 890, be acquainted with &c.
adj.; know; have the ear of; keep company with &c.(sociality)
892; hold communication with, have dealings with,
sympathize with; have a leaning to; bear good will
&c. (benevolent) 906; love &c. 897; make much of; befriend
&c. (aid) 707; introduce to. set one’s horses
together; have the latchstring out [U. S.]; hold
out the right hand of friendship, extend the right
hand of friendship, hold out the right hand of fellowship;
become friendly &c. adj.; make friends &c. 890 with;
break the lee, be introduced to; make acquaintance
with, pick acquaintance with, scrape acquaintance
with; get into favor, gain the friendship of.
shake hands with, fraternize,
embrace; receive with open arms, throw
oneself into the arms of; meet halfway, take in good
part.
Adj. friendly; amicable,
amical[obs3]; well-affected, unhostile[obs3],
neighborly, brotherly, fraternal, sympathetic, harmonious,
hearty, cordial, warm-hearted.
friends with, well with,
at home with, hand in hand with; on good
terms, on friendly terms, on amicable terms, on cordial
terms, on familiar terms, on intimate terms, on good
footing; on speaking terms, on visiting terms; in
one’s good graces, in one’s good books.
acquainted, familiar,
intimate, thick, hand and glove, hail fellow
well met, free and easy; welcome.
Adv. amicably &c. adj.;
with open arms; sans ceremonie[Fr]; arm in
arm.
Phr. amicitia semper
prodest [Lat][Seneca]; “a mystic bond of
brotherhood makes all men one” [Carlyle]; “friendship
is love without either flowers or veil” [Hare];
trulgus amicitias utilitate probat [Lat][Ovid].
#889. Enmity.—
N. enmity, hostility; unfriendliness &c. adj.; discord
&c. 713; bitterness, rancor.
alienation, estrangement;
dislike &c. 867; hate &c. 898.
heartburning[obs3];
animosity &c. 900; malevolence &c. 907.
V. be inimical &c. adj.;
keep at arm’s length, hold at arm’s length;
be at loggerheads; bear malice &c. 907; fall out;
take umbrage &c. 900; harden the heart, alienate,
estrange.
[not friendly, but not
hostile see indifference 866].
Adj. inimical, unfriendly,
hostile; at enmity, at variance, at daggers
drawn,at open war with; up in arms against; in bad
odor with.
on bad terms, not on
speaking terms; cool; cold, cold hearted;
estranged, alienated, disaffected, irreconcilable.
— p. 307 —
#890. Friend. —
N. friend, friend of one’s bosom; alter ego;
best
friend, bosom friend, soulmate, fast friend; amicus[Lat];
usque ad aras[Lat]; fidus Achates[Lat][obs3]; persona
grata.
acquaintance, neighbor,
next-door neighbor, casual acquaintance,
nodding acquaintance; wellwisher.
favorer, fautor[obs3],
patron, Mecaenas; tutelary saint, good genius,
advocate, partisan, sympathizer; ally; friend in need
&c. (auxiliary) 711.
comrade, mate, companion,
familiar, confrere, comrade, camarade[obs3],
confidante, intimate; old crony, crony; chum; pal;
buddy, bosom buddy; playfellow, playmate, childhood
friend; bedfellow, bedmate; chamber fellow.
associate, colleague,
compeer.
schoolmate, schoolfellow[obs3];
classfellow[obs3], classman[obs3],
classmate; roommate; fellow-man, stable companion.
best man, maid of honor,
matron of honor.
compatriot; fellow countryman,
countryman.
shopmate, fellow-worker,
shipmate, messmate[obs3]; fellow companion,
boon companion, pot companion; copartner, partner,
senior partner, junior partner.
Arcades ambo Pylades
and Orestes Castor and Pollux[obs3], Nisus and
Euryalus[Lat], Damon and Pythias, par nobile fratrum[Lat].
host, Amphitryon[obs3],
Boniface; guest, visitor, protg.
Phr. amici probantur
rebus adversis[Lat]; ohne bruder kann man leben
nicht ohne Freund[Ger]; “best friend, my well-spring
in the wilderness” [G. Eliot]; conocidos
muchos amigos pocos[Sp]; “friend more divine
than all divinities” [G. Eliot]; vida sin
amigo muerte sin testigo[Sp].
#891. Enemy. —
N. enemy; antagonist; foe, foeman[obs3]; open enemy,
bitter enemy; opponent &c. 710; back friend. public
enemy, enemy to society.
Phr. every hand being
against one; “he makes no friend who never made
a foe” [Tennyson].
with friends like that,
who needs enemies?; Lord protect me from my
friends; I can protect myself from my enemies.
#892. Sociality.
— N. sociality, sociability, sociableness
&c. adj.;
social intercourse; consociation[obs3]; intercourse,
intercommunity[obs3]; consortship[obs3], companionship,
comradeship; clubbism[obs3]; esprit de corps.
conviviality; good fellowship,
good company; joviality, jollity,
savoir vivre[Fr], festivity, festive board, merrymaking;
loving cup|!; hospitality, heartiness; cheer.
welcome, welcomeness;
greeting; hearty welcome, hearty reception, warm
reception; urbanity &c. (courtesy) 894; familiarity.
good fellow, jolly fellow;
bon enfant[Fr], bawcock[obs3].
social circle, family
circle; circle of acquaintance, coterie,
society, company. social gathering, social reunion;
assembly &c. (assemblage) 72; barbecue [U. S.],
bee; corn-husking [U. S.], corn-shucking [U.
S.]; house raising, barn raising; husking, husking-bee
[U. S.]; infare[obs3].
party, entertainment,
reception, levee, at, home, conversazione[It],
soiree, matine; evening party, morning party, afternoon
party, bridge party, garden party, surprise party;
kettle, kettle drum; partie carre[Fr], dish of tea,
ridotto[obs3], rout|!; housewarming; ball, festival
&c; smoker, smoker-party;sociable [U.S.], stag party,
hen party, tamasha|!; tea-party, tea-fight*. (amusement)
840; “the feast of reason and the flow of soul”
[Pope].
birthday party[parties
for specific occasions], Christmas party, New
Year’s Eve party, Thanksgiving Day Dinner; bonenkai[Japan];
wedding reception.
visiting; round of visits;
call, morning call; interview &c.
(conversation) 588; assignation; tryst, trysting place;
appointment.
club &c. (association)
712.
V. be sociable &c. adj.;
know; be acquainted &c. adj.; associate with,
sort with, keep company with, walk hand in hand with;
eat off the same trencher, club together, consort,
bear one company, join; make acquaintance with &c.
(friendship) 888; make advances, fraternize, embrace.
be at home with, feel
at home with, make oneself at home with; make
free with; crack a bottle with; receive hospitality,
live at free quarters; find the latchstring out [U.S.].
visit, pay a visit; interchange visits, interchange
cards; call at, call upon; leave a card; drop in,
look in; look one up, beat up one’s quarters.
entertain; give a party
&c. n.; be at home, see one’s friends, hang
out, keep open house, do the honors; receive, receive
with open arms; welcome; give a warm reception &c.
n. to kill the fatted calf.
Adj. sociable, companionable,
clubbable, conversable[obs3], cosy,
cosey[obs3], chatty,, conversational; homiletical.
convivial; festive,
festal; jovial, jolly, hospitable.
welcome, welcome as
the roses in May; fted, entertained.
free and easy, hall
fellow well met, familiar, on visiting terms,
acquainted.
social, neighborly;
international; gregarious.
Adv. en famille[Fr],
— p. 308 —
#893. Seclusion.
Exclusion. — N. seclusion, privacy; retirement;
reclusion, recess; snugness &c. adj.; delitescence[obs3];
rustication, rus in urbe[Lat]; solitude; solitariness
&c. (singleness) 87; isolation; loneliness &c. adj.;
estrangement from the world, voluntary exile; aloofness.
cell, hermitage; convent
&c. 1000; sanctum sanctorum[Lat].
depopulation, desertion,
desolation; wilderness &c. (unproductive)
169; howling wilderness; rotten borough, Old Sarum.
exclusion, excommunication,
banishment, exile, ostracism,
proscription; cut, cut direct; dead cut.
inhospitality[obs3],
inhospitableness &c. adj.; dissociability[obs3];
domesticity, Darby and Joan.
recluse, hermit, eremite,
cenobite; anchoret[obs3], anchorite; Simon
Stylites[obs3]; troglodyte, Timon of Athens[obs3],
Santon[obs3], solitaire, ruralist[obs3], disciple
of Zimmermann, closet cynic, Diogenes; outcast, Pariah,
castaway, pilgarlic[obs3]; wastrel, foundling, wilding[obs3].
V. be secluded, live
secluded &c. adj.; keep aloof, stand, hold
oneself aloof, keep in the background, stand in the
background; keep snug; shut oneself up; deny oneself,
seclude oneself creep into a corner, rusticate, aller
planter ses choux[Fr]; retire, retire from the world;
take the veil; abandon &c. 624; sport one’s
oak*.
cut, cut dead; refuse
to associate with, refuse to acknowledge; look
cool upon, turn one’s back upon, shut the door
upon; repel, blackball, excommunicate, exclude, exile,
expatriate; banish, outlaw, maroon, ostracize, proscribe,
cut off from, send to Coventry, keep at arm’s
length, draw a cordon round.
depopulate; dispeople[obs3],
unpeople[obs3].
Adj. secluded, sequestered,
retired, delitescent[obs3], private, bye;
out of the world, out of the way; “the world
forgetting by the world forgot” [Pope].
snug, domestic, stay-at-home.
unsociable; unsocial,
dissocial[obs3]; inhospitable, cynical,
inconversable|, unclubbable, sauvage[Fr], troglodytic.
solitary; lonely, lonesome;
isolated, single.
estranged; unfrequented;
uninhabitable, uninhabited; tenantless;
abandoned; deserted, deserted in one’s utmost
need; unfriended[obs3]; kithless[obs3], friendless,
homeless; lorn[obs3], forlorn, desolate.
unvisited, unintroduced[obs3],
uninvited, unwelcome; under a cloud,
left to shift for oneself, derelict, outcast.
banished &c. v.
Phr. noli me tangere[Lat].
“among them but
not of them” [Byron]; “and homeless near
a thousand
homes I stood” [Wordsworth]; far from the madding
crowd’s ignoble strife [Gray]; “makes
a solitude and calls it peace” [Byron]; magna
civitas magna solitudo [Lat]; “never less alone
than when alone” [Rogers]; “O sacred solitude!
divine retreat!” [Young].
— p. 309 —
#894. Courtesy.
— N. courtesy; respect &c. 928; good manners,
good
behavior, good breeding; manners; politeness &c.
adj.; bienseance, urbanity, comity, gentility, breeding,
polish, presence; civility, civilization; amenity,
suavity; good temper, good humor; amiability, easy
temper, complacency, soft tongue, mansuetude; condescension
&c. (humility) 879; affability, complaisance, prvenance,
amability[obs3], gallantry; pink of politeness, pink
of courtesy.
compliment; fair words,
soft words, sweet words; honeyed phrases,
ceremonial; salutation, reception, presentation, introduction,
accueil[obs3], greeting, recognition; welcome, abord|,
respects, devoir, regards, remembrances; kind regards,
kind remembrances; love, best love, duty; empty encomium,
flattering remark, hollow commendation; salaams.
obeisance &c. (reverence)
928; bow, courtesy, curtsy, scrape, salaam,
kotow[obs3], kowtow, bowing and scraping; kneeling;
genuflection &c. (worship) 990; obsequiousness &c.
886; capping, shaking hands, &c. v.; grip of the hand,
embrace, hug, squeeze, accolade, loving cup, vin d’honneur[Fr],
pledge; love token &c. (endearment) 902; kiss, buss,
salute.
mark of recognition,
nod; “nods and becks and wreathed smiles”
[Milton]; valediction &c. 293; condolence &c. 915.
V. be courteous &c.
adj.; show courtesy &c. n.
mind one’s P’s
and Q’s, behave oneself, be all things to all
men,
conciliate, speak one fair, take in good part; make
the amiable, do the amiable; look as if butter would
not melt in one’s mouth; mend one’s manners.
receive, do the honors,
usher, greet, hail, bid welcome; welcome,
welcome with open arms; shake hands; hold out the
hand, press the hand, squeeze the hand, press the
flesh; bid Godspeed; speed the parting guest; cheer,
serenade.
salute; embrace &c.
(endearment) 902; kiss, kiss hands; drink to,
pledge, hob and nob[obs3]; move to, nod to; smile
upon.
uncover, cap; touch
the hat, take off the hat; doff the cap; present
arms; make way for; bow; make one’s bow, make
a leg; scrape, curtsy, courtesy; bob a curtsy, bob
a courtesy; kneel; bow the knee, bend the knee.
visit, wait upon, present
oneself, pay one’s respects, pay a visit &c.
(sociability) 892; dance attendance on &c. (servility)
886; pay attentions to; do homage to &c. (respect)
928.
prostrate oneself &c.
(worship) 990.
give one’s duty
to, send one’s duty to, &c. n.
render polite &c. adj.;
polish, civilize, humanize.
Adj. courteous, polite,
civil, mannerly, urbane; well-behaved, well-
mannered, well-bred, well-brought up; good-mannered,
polished, civilized, cultivated; refined &c. (taste)
850; gentlemanlike &c. (fashion) 852[obs3]; gallant;
on one’s good behavior.
fine spoken, fair spoken,
soft-spoken; honey-mouthed, honey-tongued;
oily, bland; obliging, conciliatory, complaisant,
#895. Discourtesy.—
N. discourtesy;ill breeding; ill manners, bad
manners, ungainly manners; insuavity[obs3]; uncourteousness
&c.adj[obs3].; rusticity, inurbanity[obs3]; illiberality,
incivility displacency[obs3].
disrespect &c. 929;
procacity[obs3], impudence; barbarism, barbarity;
misbehavior, brutality, blackguardism[obs3], conduct
unbecoming a gentleman, grossieret, brusquerie[obs3];
vulgarity, &c. 851.
churlishness &c. adj.;
spinosity[obs3], perversity; moroseness &c.
(sullenness) 901a. sternness &c. adj.; austerity;
moodishness[obs3], captiousness &c. 901; cynicism;
tartness &c. adj.; acrimony, acerbity, virulence,
asperity.
scowl, black looks,
frown; short answer, rebuff; hard words,
contumely; unparliamentary language, personality.
bear, bruin, brute,
blackguard, beast; unlicked cub[obs3]; frump,
crosspatch[obs3]; saucebox &c. 887[obs3]; crooked
stick; grizzly.
V. be -rude &c. adj.;
insult &c. 929; treat with discourtesy; take a
name in vain; make bold with, make free with; take
a liberty; stare out of countenance, ogle, point at,
put to the blush.
cut; turn one’s
back upon, turn on one’s heel; give the cold
shoulder;
keep at a distance, keep at arm’s length; look
cool upon, look coldly upon, look black upon; show
the door to, send away with a flea in the ear.
lose one’s temper
&c. (resentment) 900; sulk &c. 90la; frown, scowl,
glower, pout; snap, snarl, growl.
render rude &c. ad.;
brutalize, brutify[obs3].
Adj. discourteous, uncourteous[obs3];
uncourtly[obs3]; ill-bred, ill-
mannered, ill-behaved, ill-conditioned; unbred; unmannerly,
unmannered; impolite, unpolite[obs3]; unpolished,
uncivilized, ungenteel; ungentleman-like, ungentlemanly;
unladylike; blackguard; vulgar &c. 851; dedecorous[obs3];
foul-mouthed foul-spoken; abusive.
uncivil, ungracious,
unceremonious; cool; pert, forward, obtrusive,
impudent, rude, saucy, precocious.
repulsive; uncomplaisant[obs3],
unaccommodating, unneighborly,
ungallant; inaffable[obs3]; ungentle, ungainly; rough,
rugged, bluff, blunt, gruff; churlish, boorish, bearish;
brutal, brusque; stern, harsh, austere; cavalier.
taint, sour, crabbed,
sharp, short, trenchant, sarcastic, biting,
doggish, caustic, virulent, bitter, acrimonious, venomous,
contumelious; snarling &c. v.; surly, surly as a bear;
perverse; grim, sullen &c. 901a; peevish &c. (irascible)
901.
untactful, impolitic,
undiplomatic; artless &c. 703;
Adv. discourteously
&c. adj.; with discourtesy &c. n., with a bad
grace.
— p. 310 —
#896. Congratulation.
— N. congratulation, gratulation[obs3];
felicitation; salute &c. 894; condolence &c. 915;
compliments of the season.
V. congratulate, gratulate[obs3];
felicitate; give one joy, wish one
joy; compliment; tender one’s congratulations,
offer one’s congratulations; wish many happy
returns of the day, wish a merry Christmas and a happy
new year.
praise,laud (commendation)
931.
congratulate oneself
&c. (rejoice) 838.
Adj. congratulatory,
gratulatory[obs3].
Phr. “I wish
you all the joy that you can wish” [Merchant
of
Venice]; best wishes.
#897. Love. —
N. love; fondness &c. adj.; liking; inclination &c.
(desire) 865; regard, dilection|, admiration, fancy.
affection, sympathy,
fellow-feeling; tenderness &c. adj.; heart,
brotherly love; benevolence &c. 906; attachment.
yearning, gr/eros/gr,
tender passion, amour; gyneolatry[obs3];
gallantry, passion, flame, devotion, fervor, enthusiasm,
transport of love, rapture, enchantment, infatuation,
adoration, idolatry.
Cupid, Venus; myrtle;
true lover’s knot; love token, love suit, love
affair, love tale, love story; the, old story, plighted
love; courtship &c. 902; amourette[obs3]; free love.
maternal love, gr/storge/gr[Grk],
parental love; young love, puppy
love.
attractiveness; popularity;
favorite &c. 899.
lover, suitor, follower,
admirer, adorer, wooer, amoret[obs3], beau,
sweetheart, inamorato[It], swain, young man, flame,
love, truelove; leman[obs3], Lothario, gallant, paramour,
amoroso[obs3], cavaliere servente[It], captive, cicisbeo[obs3];
caro sposo[It].
inamorata, ladylove,
idol, darling, duck, Dulcinea, angel, goddess,
cara sposa[It].
betrothed, affianced,
fiancee.
flirt, coquette; amorette[obs3];
pair of turtledoves; abode of love,
agapemone[obs3].
V. love, like, affect,
fancy, care for, take an interest in, be
partial to, sympathize with; affection; be in love
&c. with adj.; have a love &c. n. for, entertain a
love &c. n. for, harbor cherish a love &c. n. for;
regard, revere; take to, bear love to, be wedded to;
set one’s affections on; make much of, feast
one’s eyes on; hold dear, prize; hug, cling
to, cherish, pet.
burn; adore, idolize,
love to distraction, aimer eperdument[Fr]; dote
on, dote upon; take a fancy to, look sweet upon; become
enamored &c. adj.; fall in love with, lose one’s
heart; desire &c. 865.
excite love; win the
heart, gain the heart, win the affections, gain
the affections, secure the love, engage the affections;
take the fancy of have a place in the heart, wind
round the heart; attract, attach, endear, charm, fascinate,
captivate, bewitch, seduce, enamor, enrapture, turn
the head.
get into favor; ingratiate
oneself, insinuate oneself, worm oneself;
propitiate, curry favor with, pay one’s court
— p. 311 —
#898. Hate. —
N. hate, hatred, vials of hate.
disaffection, disfavor;
alienation, estrangement, coolness; enmity &c.
889; animosity &c. 900.
umbrage, pique, grudge;
dudgeon, spleen bitterness, bitterness of
feeling; ill blood, bad blood; acrimony; malice &c.
907; implacability &c. (revenge) 919.
repugnance &c. (dislike)
867; misanthropy, demonophobia[obs3],
gynephobia[obs3], negrophobia[obs3]; odium, unpopularity;
detestation, antipathy; object of hatred, object of
execration; abomination, aversion, bete noire; enemy
&c. 891; bitter pill; source of annoyance &c. 830.
V. hate, detest, abominate,
abhor, loathe; recoil at, shudder at;
shrink from, view with horror, hold in abomination,
revolt against, execrate;scowl &c. 895; disrelish
&c. (dislike) 867.
owe a grudge; bear spleen,
bear a grudge, bear malice &c.
(malevolence) 907; conceive an aversion to, take a
dislike to.
excite hatred, provoke
hatred &c. n.; be hateful &c. adj.; stink in
the nostrils; estrange, alienate, repel, set against,
sow dissension, set by the ears, envenom, incense,
irritate, rile; horrify &c. 830; roil.
Adj. hating &c. v.;
abhorrent; averse from &c. (disliking) 867; set
against.
bitter &c. (acrimonious)
895 implacable &c. (revengeful) 919.
unloved, unbeloved, unlamented, undeplored, unmourned[obs3],
uncared for, unendeared[obs3], un-valued; disliked
&c. 867.
crossed in love, forsaken,
rejected, lovelorn, jilted.
obnoxious, hateful,
odious, abominable, repulsive, offensive,
shocking; disgusting &c. (disagreeable) 830; reprehensible.
invidious, spiteful;
malicious &c. 907.
insulting, irritating,
provoking.
at daggers drawn[Mutual
hate]; not on speaking terms &c. (enmity)
889; at loggerheads.
Phr. no love lost between.
#899. Favorite.
— N. favorite, pet, cosset, minion, idol,
jewel,
spoiled child, enfant gat[Fr]; led captain; crony;
fondling; apple of one’s eye, man after one’s
own heart; persona grata.
love[person who
is a favorite (terms of address)], dear, darling,
duck, duckey, honey, sugar, jewel; mopsey[obs3], moppet,
princess; sweetheart, sweetie &c. (love) 897.
teacher’s pet.
general favorite, universal
favorite; idol of the people.
— p. 312 —
#900. Resentment.
— N. resentment, displeasure, animosity,
anger,
wrath, indignation; exasperation, bitter resentment,
wrathful indignation.
pique, umbrage, huff,
miff, soreness, dudgeon, acerbity, virulence,
bitterness, acrimony, asperity, spleen, gall; heart-burning,
heart-swelling; rankling.
ill humor, bad humor,
ill temper, bad temper; irascibility &c. 901;
ill blood &c. (hate) 898; revenge &c. 919.
excitement, irritation;
warmth, bile, choler, ire, fume, pucker,
dander, ferment, ebullition; towering passion, acharnement[Fr],
angry mood, taking, pet, tiff, passion, fit, tantrums.
burst, explosion, paroxysm,
storm, rage, fury, desperation; violence
&c. 173; fire and fury; vials of wrath; gnashing of
teeth, hot blood, high words.
scowl &c. 895; sulks
&c. 901a.
[Cause of umbrage] affront,
provocation, offense; indignity &c.
(insult) 929; grudge, crow to pluck, bone to pick,
sore subject, casus belli[Lat]; ill turn, outrage.
Furies, Eumenides.
buffet, slap in the
face, box on the ear, rap on the knuckles.
V. resent; take amiss,
take ill, take to heart, take offense, take
umbrage, take huff, take exception; take in ill part,
take in bad part, take in dudgeon; ne pas entendre
raillerie[Fr]; breathe revenge, cut up rough.
fly into a rage, fall
into a rage, get into a rage, fly into a
passion; bridle up, bristle up, froth up, fire up,
flare up; open the vials of one’s wrath, pour
out the vials of one’s wrath.
pout, knit the brow,
frown, scowl, lower, snarl, growl, gnarl, gnash,
snap; redden, color; look black, look black as thunder,
look daggers; bite one’s thumb; show one’s
teeth, grind one’s teeth; champ the bit, champ
at the bit.
chafe, mantle, fume,
kindle, fly out, take fire; boil, boil over; boil
with indignation, boil with rage; rage, storm, foam,
vent one’s rage, vent one’s spleen; lose
one’s temper, stand on one’s hind legs,
stamp the foot, stamp with rage, quiver with rage,
swell with rage, foam with rage; burst with anger;
raise Cain.
have a fling at; bear
malice &c. (revenge) 919.
cause anger, raise anger;
affront, offend; give offense, give
umbrage; anger; hurt the feelings; insult, discompose,
fret, ruffle, nettle, huff, pique; excite &c. 824;
irritate, stir the blood, stir up bile; sting, sting
to the quick; rile, provoke, chafe, wound, incense,
#901. Irascibility.
— N. irascibility, irascibleness, temper;
crossness &c. adj.; susceptibility, procacity, petulance,
irritability, tartness, acerbity, protervity; pugnacity
&c. (contentiousness) 720.
excitability &c. 825;
bad temper, fiery temper, crooked temper,
irritable &c. adj. temper; genus irritabile[Lat],
hot blood.
ill humor &c. (sullenness)
901a; asperity &c., churlishness &c.
(discourtesy) 895.
huff &c. (resentment)
900; a word and a blow.
Sir Fretful Plagiary;
brabbler[obs3], Tartar; shrew, vixen, virago,
termagant, dragon, scold, Xantippe; porcupine; spitfire;
fire eater &c. (blusterer) 887; fury &c. (violent
person) 173.
V. be irascible &c.
adj.; have a temper &c. n., have a devil in one;
fire up &c. (be angry) 900.
Adj. irascible; bad-tempered,
ill-tempered; irritable, susceptible;
excitable &c. 825; thin-skinned &c. (sensitive) 822;
— p. 313 —
#901a. Sullenness.
— N. sullenness &c. adj.; morosity[obs3],
spleen;
churlishness &c. (discourtesy) 895; irascibility &c.
901.
moodiness &c. adj.;
perversity; obstinacy &c. 606; torvity|,
spinosity[obs3]; crabbedness &c. adj.
ill temper, bad temper,
ill humor, bad humor; sulks, dudgeon,
mumps[obs3], dumps, doldrums, fit of the sulks, bouderie[Fr],
black looks, scowl; grouch; huff &c. (resentment)
900.
V. be sullen &c. adj.;
sulk; frown, scowl, lower, glower, gloam[obs3],
pout, have a hangdog look, glout[obs3].
Adj. sullen, sulky;
ill-tempered, ill-humored, ill-affected, ill-
disposed; grouty [obs3][U. S.]; in an ill temper,
in a bad temper, in a shocking temper, in an ill humor,
in a bad humor, in a shocking humor; out of temper,
out of humor; knaggy[obs3], torvous[obs3], crusty,
crabbed; sour, sour as a crab; surly &c. (discourteous)
895.
moody; spleenish[obs3],
spleenly[obs3]; splenetic, cankered.
cross, crossgrained[obs3];
perverse, wayward, humorsome[obs3];
restiff[obs3], restive; cantankerous, intractable,
exceptious[obs3], sinistrous[obs3], deaf to reason,
unaccommodating, rusty, froward; cussed [U. S.].
dogged &c. (stubborn)
606.
grumpy, glum, grim,
grum[obs3], morose, frumpish; in the sulks &c. n.;
out of sorts; scowling, glowering, growling; grouchy.
peevish &c. (irascible) 901.
#902. [Expression of
affection or love.] Endearment. — N. endearment,
caress; blandishment, blandiment|; panchement, fondling,
billing and cooing, dalliance, necking, petting, sporting,
sparking, hanky-panky; caressing.
embrace, salute, kiss,
buss, smack, osculation, deosculation|; amorous
glances.
courtship, wooing, suit,
addresses, the soft impeachment; lovemaking;
serenading; caterwauling.
flirting &c. v.; flirtation,
gallantry; coquetry.
true lover’s knot,
plighted love; love tale, love token, love letter;
billet-doux, valentine.
honeymoon; Strephon
— p. 314 —
#903. Marriage.
— N. marriage, matrimony, wedlock, union,
intermarriage, miscegenation, the bonds of marriage,
vinculum matrimonii[Lat], nuptial tie.
married state, coverture,
bed, cohabitation.
match; betrothment &c.
(promise) 768; wedding, nuptials, Hymen,
bridal; espousals, spousals; leading to the altar
&c. v.; nuptial benediction, epithalamium[obs3]; sealing.
torch of Hymen, temple
of Hymen; hymeneal altar; honeymoon.
bridesmaid, bridesman[obs3],
best man; bride, bridegroom. married man,
married woman, married couple; neogamist[obs3],
Benedict, partner, spouse, mate, yokemate[obs3]; husband,
man, consort, baron; old man, good man; wife of one’s
bosom; helpmate, rib, better half, gray mare, old woman,
old lady, good wife, goodwife.
feme[Fr], feme coverte[Fr];
squaw, lady; matron, matronage,
matronhood[obs3]; man and wife; wedded pair, Darby
and Joan; spiritual wife.
monogamy, bigamy, digamy[obs3],
deuterogamy[obs3], trigamy[obs3],
polygamy; mormonism; levirate[obs3]; spiritual wifery[obs3],
spiritual wifeism[obs3]; polyandrism[obs3]; Turk,
bluebeard[obs3].
unlawful marriage, left-handed
marriage, morganatic marriage, ill-
assorted marriage; mesalliance; mariage de convenance[Fr].
marriage broker; matrimonial
agency, matrimonial agent, matrimonial
bureau, matchmaker; schatchen[Ger].
V. marry, wive, take
to oneself a wife; be married, be spliced; go
off, pair off; wed, espouse, get hitched[U.S. slang],
lead to the hymeneal altar, take “for better
for worse”, give one’s hand to, bestow
one’s hand upon.
marry, join, handfast[obs3];
couple &c. (unit) 43; tie the nuptial
knot; give away, give away in marriage; seal; ally,
affiance; betroth &c. (promise) 768; publish the banns,
#904. Celibacy.
— N. celibacy, singleness, single blessedness;
bachelorhood, bachelorship[obs3]; misogamy[obs3],
misogyny.
virginity, pucelage[obs3];
maidenhood, maidenhead.
unmarried man, bachelor,
Coelebs, agamist[obs3], old bachelor;
misogamist[obs3], misogynist; monogamist; monk.
unmarried woman, spinster;
maid, maiden;virgin, feme sole[Fr], old
maid; bachelor girl, girl-bachelor; nun.
V. live single, live
alone.
Adj. unmarried, unwed,
unwedded[obs3]; wifeless, spouseless[obs3];
single.
#905. Divorce.
— N. divorce, divorcement; separation; judicial
separation, separate maintenance; separatio a mensa
et thoro[Lat], separatio a vinculo matrimonii [Lat].
trial separation, breakup;
annulment.
widowhood, viduity[obs3],
weeds.
widow, widower; relict;
dowager; divorcee; cuckold; grass widow, grass
widower; merry widow.
V. live separate; separate,
divorce, disespouse[obs3], put away; wear
the horns.
— p. 315 — %
2.
DIFFUSIVE SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS
%
#906. Benevolence.
— N. benevolence, Christian charity; God’s
love,
God’s grace; good will; philanthropy &c. 910;
unselfishness &c. 942.
good nature, good feeling,
good wishes; kindness, kindliness &c. adj.;
loving-kindness, benignity, brotherly love, charity,
humanity, fellow-feeling, sympathy: goodness
of heart, warmth of heart; bonhomie; kind-heartedness;
amiability, milk of human kindness, tenderness; love
&c. 897; friendship &c. 888.
toleration, consideration,
generosity; mercy &c. (pity) 914.
charitableness &c. adj.;
bounty, almsgiving; good works, beneficence,
“the luxury of doing good” [Goldsmith].
acts of kindness, a
good turn; good offices, kind offices good
treatment, kind treatment.
good Samaritan, sympathizer,
bon enfant[Fr]; altruist.
V. be benevolent &c.
adj.; have one’s heart in the right place, bear
good will; wish well, wish Godspeed; view with an
eye of favor, regard with an eye of favor; take in
good part; take an interest in, feel an interest in;
be interested in, feel interested in; sympathize with,
empathize with, feel for; fraternize &c. (be friendly)
888.
enter into the feelings
of others, do as you would be done by, meet
halfway.
treat well; give comfort,
smooth the bed of death; do good, do a good
#907. Malevolence.
— N. malevolence; bad intent, bad intention;
unkindness, diskindness[obs3]; ill nature, ill will,
ill blood; bad blood; enmity &c. 889; hate &c. 898;
malignity; malice, malice prepense[obs3]; maliciousness
&c. adj.; spite, despite; resentment &c. 900.
uncharitableness &c.
adj.; incompassionateness &c. 914a[obs3]; gall,
venom, rancor, rankling, virulence, mordacity[obs3],
acerbity churlishness &c. (discourtesy) 895.
hardness of heart, heart
of stone, obduracy; cruelty; cruelness &c.
adj.; brutality, savagery; ferity[obs3], ferocity;
barbarity, inhumanity, immanity|, truculence, ruffianism;
evil eye, cloven foot; torture, vivisection.
ill turn, bad turn;
affront &c. (disrespect) 929; outrage, atrocity;
ill usage; intolerance, persecution; tender mercies
[ironical]; “unkindest cut of all” [Julius
Caesar].
V. be malevolent &c.
adj.; bear spleen, harbor spleen, bear a grudge,
harbor a grudge, bear malice; betray the cloven foot,
show the cloven foot.
hurt &c. (physical pain)
378; annoy &c. 830; injure., harm, wrong; do
harm to, do an ill office to; outrage; disoblige,
malign, plant a thorn in the breast.
molest, worry, harass,
haunt, harry, bait, tease; throw stones at;
play the devil with; hunt down, dragoon, hound; persecute,
oppress, grind; maltreat; illtreat, ill-use.
wreak one’s malice
on, do one’s worst, break a butterfly on the
wheel;
dip one’s hands in blood, imbrue one’s
hands in blood; have no mercy &c. 914a.
Adj. malevolent, unbenevolent;
unbenign; ill-disposed, ill-
intentioned, ill-natured, ill-conditioned, ill-contrived;
evil-minded, evil-disposed; black-browed[obs3].
malicious; malign, malignant;
rancorous; despiteful, spiteful;
mordacious, caustic, bitter, envenomed, acrimonious,
virulent; unamiable, uncharitable; maleficent, venomous,
— p. 316 —
#908. Malediction.
— N. malediction, malison[obs3], curse,
imprecation, denunciation, execration, anathema, ban,
proscription, excommunication, commination[obs3],
thunders of the Vatican, fulmination, maranatha[obs3];
aspersion, disparagement, vilification, vituperation.
abuse; foul language,
bad language, strong language, unparliamentary
language; billingsgate, sauce, evil speaking; cursing
&c. v.; profane swearing, oath; foul invective, ribaldry,
rude reproach, scurrility.
threat &c. 909; more
bark than bite; invective &c. (disapprobation)
932.
V. curse, accurse[obs3],
imprecate, damn, swear at; curse with bell
book and candle; invoke curses on the head of, call
down curses on the head of; devote to destruction.
execrate, beshrew[obs3],
scold; anathematize &c. (censure) 932; bold
up to execration, denounce, proscribe, excommunicate,
fulminate, thunder against; threaten &c. 909.
curse and swear; swear,
swear like a trooper; fall a cursing, rap out
an oath, damn.
Adj. cursing, cursed
&c. v.
Int. woe to! beshrew[obs3]!
ruat coelum[Lat]! ill betide, woe betide;
confusion seize! damn! damn it! damn you! damn you
to hell! go to hell! go to blazes! confound! blast!
curse! devil take! hang! out with! a plague upon!
out upon! aroynt[obs3]! honi soit[Fr]! parbleu[Fr]!
Phr. delenda est Carthago[Lat].
#909. Threat. —
N. threat, menace; defiance &c. 715; abuse,
minacity[obs3], intimidation; denunciation; fulmination;
commination &c. (curse) 908[obs3]; gathering clouds
&c. (warning) 668.
V. threat, threaten;
menace; snarl, growl, gnarl, mutter, bark, bully.
defy &c. 715; intimidate
&c. 860; keep in terrorem[Lat], hold up in
terrorem[Lat], hold out in terrorem[Lat]; shake the
fist at, double the fist at, clinch the fist at; thunder,
#910. Philanthropy.
— N. philanthropy, humanity, humanitarianism
universal benevolence; endaemonism[obs3], deliciae
humani generis[Lat]; cosmopolitanism, utilitarianism,
the greatest happiness of the greatest number, social
science, sociology.
common weal; socialism,
communism, Fourierism|!,
phalansterianism[obs3], Saint Simonianism[obs3].
patriotism, civism[obs3],
nationality, love of country, amor
patriae[Lat], public spirit.
chivalry, knight errantry[obs3];
generosity &c. 942.
philanthropist, endaemonist[obs3],
utilitarian, Benthamite, socialist,
communist, cosmopolite, citizen of the world, amicus
humani generis[Lat]; knight errant; patriot.
Adj. philanthropic,
humanitarian, utilitarian, cosmopolitan; public-
spirited, patriotic; humane, large-hearted &c. (benevolent)
906; chivalric; generous &c. 942.
Adv. pro bono publico[Lat],
pro aris et focis [Lat][obs3][Cicero].
Phr. humani nihil a
me alienum puto [Lat][Terence]; omne solum forti
patria [Lat][Ovid]; un bien fait n’est jamais
perdu[Fr].
#911. Misanthropy.
— N. misanthropy, incivism; egotism &c.
(selfishness) 943; moroseness &c. 901a; cynicism.
misanthrope, misanthropist,
egotist, cynic, man hater, Timon,
Diogenes.
woman hater, misogynist.
Adj. misanthropic, antisocial,
unpatriotic; egotistical &c.(selfish)
943; morose &c. 901a.
— p. 317 —
#912. Benefactor. — N. benefactor, savior, good genius, tutelary saint, guardian angel, good Samaritan; pater patriae[Lat]; salt of the earth &c. (good man); 948; auxiliary &c. 711.
#913. [Maleficent being]
Evil doer — N. evil doer, evil worker;
wrongdoer &c. 949; mischief-maker, marplot; oppressor,
tyrant; destroyer, Vandal; iconoclast|!.
firebrand, incendiary,
fire bug [U. S.], pyromaniac; anarchist,
communist|!, terrorist.
savage, brute, ruffian,
barbarian, semibarbarian[obs3], caitiff,
desperado; Apache[obs3], hoodlum, hood, plug-ugly*,
pug-ugly* [U.S.], Red Skin, tough [U. S.]; Mohawk,
Mo-hock, Mo-hawk; bludgeon man, bully, rough, hooligan,
larrikin[obs3], dangerous classes, ugly customer; thief
&c. 792.
cockatrice, scorpion,
hornet.
snake, viper, adder,
snake in the grass; serpent, cobra, asp,
rattlesnake, anaconda|!.
canker-worm, wire-worm;
locust, Colorado beetle; alacran[obs3],
alligator, caymon[obs3], crocodile, mosquito, mugger,
octopus; torpedo; bane &c. 663.
cutthroat &c. (killer)
461.
cannibal; anthropophagus|!,
anthropophagist|!; bloodsucker, vampire,
%
3.
SPECIAL SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS
%
#914. Pity. —
N. pity, compassion, commiseration; bowels, of
compassion; sympathy, fellow-feeling, tenderness,
yearning, forbearance, humanity, mercy, clemency;
leniency &c. (lenity) 740; charity, ruth, long-suffering.
melting mood; argumentum
ad misericordiam[Lat], quarter, grace, locus
paenitentiae[Lat].
sympathizer; advocate,
friend, partisan, patron, wellwisher.
V. pity; have pity,
show pity, take pity &c. n.; commiserate,
compassionate; condole &c. 915; sympathize; feel for,
be sorry for, yearn for; weep, melt, thaw, enter into
the feelings of.
forbear, relent, relax,
give quarter, wipe the tears, parcere
subjectis[Lat], give a coup de grace, put out of one’s
misery.
raise pity, excite pity
&c. n..; touch, soften; melt, melt the heart;
propitiate, disarm.
ask for mercy &c. v.;
supplicate &c. (request) 765; cry for quarter,
beg one’s life, kneel; deprecate.
Adj. pitying &c. v.;
pitiful, compassionate, sympathetic, touched.
merciful, clement, ruthful;
humane; humanitarian &c. (philanthropic)
910; tender, tender hearted, tender as a chicken;
soft, soft hearted; unhardened[obs3]; lenient &c.
740; exorable[obs3], forbearing; melting &c. v.; weak.
Int. for pity’s
sake! mercy! have mercy! cry you mercy! God help
you!
poor thing! poor dear! poor fellow! woe betide! “quis
talia fando temperet a lachrymiss!” [Lat][Vergil].
Phr. one’s heart
bleeding for; haud ignara mali miseris succurrere
disco [Lat][Vergil]; “a fellow feeling makes
one wondrous kind” onor di bocca assai giova
e poco costa[Garrick][It].
#914a. Pitilessness.
— N. pitilessness &c. adj.; inclemency;
severity
&c. 739; malevolence &c. 907.
V. have no mercy, shut
the gates of mercy &c. 914; give no quarter.
Adj. pitiless, merciless,
ruthless, bowelless; unpitying, unmerciful,
inclement; grim-faced, grim-visaged; incompassionate[obs3],
uncompassionate; inexorable; harsh &c. 739; unrelenting
&c. 919.
— p. 318 —
#915. Condolence.
— N. condolence; lamentation &c. 839; sympathy,
consolation.
V. condole with, console,
sympathize express pity, testify pity;
afford consolation, supply consolation; lament &c.
839 with; express sympathy for; feel grief in common
with, feel sorrow in common with; share one’s
sorrow.
%
4.
RETROSPECTIVE SYMPATHETIC AFFECTIONS
%
#916. Gratitude.
— N. gratitude, thankfulness, feeling of
obligation,
sense of obligation.
acknowledgment, recognition,
thanksgiving, thanksgiving, giving
thanks; thankful good will.
thanks, praise, benediction;
paean; Te Deum &c. (worship) 990[Lat];
grace, grace before meat, grace after meat, grace
before meals, grace after meals; thank offering.
requital.
V. be grateful &c. adj.;
thank; give thanks, render thanks, return
thanks, offer thanks, tender thanks &c. n.; acknowledge,
requite.
feel under an obligation,
be under an obligation, lie under an
obligation; savoir gr[Fr]; not look a gift horse
in the mouth; never forget, overflow with gratitude;
thank one’s stars, thank one’s lucky stars,
bless one’s stars; fall on one’s knees.
Adj. grateful, thankful,
obliged, beholden, indebted to, under
obligation.
Int. thanks! many thanks!
gramercy[obs3]! much obliged! thank you!
thank you very much! thanks a lot! thanks a heap,
thanks loads [coll.]; thank Heaven! Heaven be
praised! Gott sei Dank[Ger]!.
#917. Ingratitude.
— N. ingratitude, thanklessness, oblivion
of
benefits, unthankfulness[obs3].
“benefits forgot”;
thankless task,thankless office.
V. be ungrateful &c.
adj.; forget benefits; look a gift horse in the
mouth.
Adj. ungrateful, unmindful,
unthankful; thankless, ingrate, wanting in
gratitude, insensible of benefits.
forgotten; unacknowledged,
unthanked[obs3], unrequited, unrewarded;
ill-requited.
Int. thank you for nothing!
thanks for nothing! “et tu Brute!”
[Julius Caesar].
Phr. “ingratitude!
thou marble-hearted fiend” [Lear].
#918. Forgiveness.
— N. forgiveness, pardon, condonation, grace,
remission, absolution, amnesty, oblivion; indulgence;
reprieve.
conciliation; reconcilement;
reconciliation &c. (pacification) 723;
propitiation.
excuse, exoneration,
quittance, release, indemnity; bill of indemnity,
act of indemnity, covenant of indemnity, deed of indemnity;
exculpation &c. (acquittal) 970.
longanimity[obs3], placability;
amantium irae[Lat]; locus
paenitentiae[Lat]; forbearance.
V. forgive, forgive
and forget; pardon, condone, think no more of, let
bygones be bygones, shake hands; forget an injury.
excuse, pass over, overlook; wink at &c. (neglect)
460; bear with; allow for, make allowances for; let
one down easily, not be too hard upon, pocket the affront.
let off, remit, absolve,
give absolution, reprieve; acquit &c. 970.
beg pardon, ask pardon,
implore pardon &c. n.; conciliate, propitiate,
placate; make up a quarrel &c. (pacify) 723; let the
wound heal.
Adj. forgiving, placable,
conciliatory,.
forgiven &c. v.; unresented[obs3],
unavenged, unrevenged[obs3].
Adv. cry you mercy.
Phr. veniam petimusque
damusque vicissim [Lat][Horace]; more in sorrow
than in anger; comprendre tout c’est tout pardonner[Fr];
“the offender never pardons” [Herbert].
#919. Revenge.
— N. revenge, revengement[obs3]; vengeance;
avengement[obs3], avengeance|, sweet revenge, vendetta,
death feud, blood for blood retaliation &c. 718; day
of reckoning.
rancor, vindictiveness,
implacability; malevolence &c. 907;
ruthlessness &c. 914a.
avenger, vindicator,
Nemesis, Eumenides.
V. revenge, avenge;
vindicate; take one’s revenge, have one’s
revenge;
breathe revenge, breathe vengeance; wreak one’s
vengeance, wreak one’s anger.
have accounts to settle,
have a crow to pluck, have a bone to pick,
have a rod in pickle.
keep the wound green;
harbor revenge, harbor vindictive feeling; bear
malice; rankle, rankle in the breast.
Adj. revengeful, vengeful;
vindictive, rancorous; pitiless &c. 914a;
ruthless, rigorous, avenging.
unforgiving, unrelenting;
inexorable, stony-hearted, implacable;
relentless, remorseless.
aeternum servans sub
pectore vulnus[Lat]; rankling; immitigable.
Phr. manet ciratrix[Lat],
manet alid mente repostum[Lat][obs3]; dies
irae dies illa[Lat]; “in high vengeance there
is noble scorn” [G. Eliot]; inhumanum verbum
est ultio [Lat][Seneca]; malevolus animus abditos dentes
habet [Lat][obs3][Syrus]; “now infidel I have
thee on the hip” [Merchant of Venice].
— p. 319 —
#920. Jealousy.—
N. jealousy,jealousness; jaundiced eye; envious
suspicion, suspicion; “green-eyed monster”
[Othello]; yellows; Juno.
V. be jealous &c. adj.;
view with jealousy, view with a jealous eye.
Adj. jealous, jealous
as a barbary pigeon[obs3]; jaundiced, yellow-
eyed, envious, hornmad.
#921. Envy. —
N. envy; enviousness &c. adj.; rivalry; jalousie de
milier[Fr]; illwill, spite.
V. envy, covet, burst
with envy.
Adj. envious, invidious,
covetous; alieni appetens[Lat].
Phr. “base envy
withers at another’s joy” [Thomson]; caeca
invidia
est [Lat][Livy]; multa petentibus desunt multa [Lat][Horace];
summa petit livor [Lat][Ovid].
%
SECTION
IV. MORAL AFFECTIONS
1. MORAL OBLIGATIONS %
#922. Right. —
N. right; what ought to be, what should be; fitness
&c. adj.; summum jus[Lat].
justice, equity; equitableness
&c. adj.; propriety; fair play,
impartiality, measure for measure, give and take,
lex talionis[Lat].
Astraea[obs3], Nemesis,
Themis.
scales of justice, evenhanded
justice, karma; suum cuique[Lat]; clear
stage, fair field and no favor, level playing field.
morals &c. (duty) 926;
law &c. 963; honor &c. (probity) 939; virtue
&c. 944.
V. be right &c. adj.;
stand to reason.
see justice done, see
one righted, see fair play; do justice to;
recompense &c. (reward) 973; bold the scales even,
give and take; serve one right, put the saddle on
the right horse; give every one his due, give the
#923. Wrong. —
N. wrong; what ought not to be, what should not be;
malum in se[Lat]; unreasonableness, grievance; shame.
injustice; tort [Law];
unfairness &c. adj.; iniquity, foul play.
partiality, leaning,
bias; favor, favoritism; nepotism, party spirit,
partisanship; bigotry.
undueness &c. 925; wrongdoing
(vice) 945; unlawfulness &c. 964.
robbing Peter to pay
Paul &c. v.; the wolf and the lamb; vice &c. 945.
“a custom more
honored in the breach than the observance” [Hamlet].
V. be wrong &c. adj.;
cry to heaven for vengeance.
do wrong &c. n.; be
inequitable &c. adj.; favor, lean towards;
encroach upon, impose upon; reap where one has not
sown; give an inch and take an ell, give an inch and
take an mile; rob Peter to pay Paul.
Adj. wrong, wrongful;
bad, too bad; unjust, unfair; inequitable,
unequitable[obs3]; unequal, partial, one-sided; injurious,
tortious[Law].
objectionable; unreasonable,
unallowable, unwarrantable,
unjustifiable; improper, unfit; unjustified &c. 925;
illegal &c. 964; iniquitous; immoral &c. 945.
in the wrong, in the
wrong box.
Adv. wrongly &c. adj.
Phr. it will not do.
— p. 320 —
#924. Dueness.
— N. due, dueness; right, privilege, prerogative,
prescription, title, claim, pretension, demand, birthright.
immunity, license, liberty, franchise; vested interest,
vested right.
sanction, authority,
warranty, charter; warrant &c. (permission) 760;
constitution &c. (law) 963; tenure; bond &c. (security)
771.
claimant, appellant;
plaintiff &c. 938.
V. be due &c. adj. to,
be the due &c. n. of; have right to, have
title to, have claim to; be entitled to; have a claim
upon; belong to &c. (property) 780.
deserve, merit, be worthy
of, richly deserve.
demand, claim; call
upon for, come upon for, appeal to for;
revendicate[obs3], reclaim; exact; insist on, insist
upon; challenge; take one’s stand, make a point
of, require, lay claim to, assert, assume, arrogate,
#925. [Absence of right.]
Undueness. — N. undueness &c. adj.; malum
prohibitum[Lat]; impropriety; illegality &c. 964.
falseness &c. adj.;
emptiness of title, invalidity of title;
illegitimacy.
loss of right, disfranchisement,
forfeiture.
usurpation, tort, violation,
breach, encroachment, presumption,
assumption, seizure; stretch, exaction, imposition,
lion’s share.
usurper, pretender.
V. be undue &c. adj.;
not be due &c. 924.
infringe, encroach,
trench on, exact; arrogate, arrogate to oneself;
give an inch and take an ell; stretch a point, strain
a point; usurp, violate, do violence to.
disfranchise, disentitle,
disqualify; invalidate.
relax &c. (be lax) 738;
misbehave &c. (vice) 945; misbecome[obs3].
Adj. undue; unlawful
&c. (illegal) 964; unconstitutional; illicit;
unauthorized, unwarranted, disallowed, unallowed[obs3],
unsanctioned, unjustified; unentitled[obs3], disentitled,
unqualified, disqualified; unprivileged, unchartered.
illegitimate, bastard,
spurious, supposititious, false; usurped.
tortious [Law].
undeserved, unmerited,
unearned; unfulfilled.
forfeited, disfranchised.
improper; unmeet, unfit,
unbefitting, unseemly; unbecoming,
misbecoming[obs3]; seemless[obs3]; contra bonos mores[Lat];
not the thing, out of the question, not to be thought
of; preposterous, pretentious, would-be.
Phr. filius nullius.
— p. 321 —
#926. Duty. —
N. duty, what ought to be done, moral obligation,
accountableness[obs3], liability, onus, responsibility;
bounden duty, imperative duty; call, call of duty;
accountability.
allegiance, fealty,
tie engagement &c. (promise) 768; part; function,
calling &c. (business) 625.
morality,, morals, decalogue;
case of conscience; conscientiousness
&c. (probity) 939; conscience, inward monitor, still
small voice within, sense of duty, tender conscience,
superego; the hell within [P. L.]. dueness &c.
924; propriety, fitness, seemliness, amenability, decorum,
gr/to prepon/gr; the thing, the proper thing;
the right thing to do, the proper thing to do.
[Science of morals]
ethics, ethology.; deontology[obs3],
aretology[obs3]; moral philosophy, ethical philosophy;
casuistry, polity.
observance, fulfillment,
discharge, performance, acquittal,
satisfaction, redemption; good behavior.
V. be the duty of; be
incumbent &c. adj. on, be responsible &c. adj.;
behoove, become, befit, beseem; belong to, pertain
to; fall to one’s lot; devolve on; lie upon,
lie on one’s head, lie at one’s door; rest
with, rest on the shoulders of. take upon oneself
&c. (promise) 768; be bound to, become bound to, be
sponsor for, become sponsor for; incur a responsibility
&c. n.; be under an obligation, stand under an obligation,
lie under an obligation; have to answer for, owe to
it oneself.
impose a duty, &c. n.;
enjoin, require, exact; bind, bind over; saddle
with, prescribe, assign, call upon, look to, oblige.
enter upon a duty, perform
a duty, observe a duty, fulfill a duty,
discharge a duty, adhere to a duty, acquit oneself
of a duty, satisfy a duty, enter upon an obligation,
perform an obligation, observe an obligation, fulfill
an obligation, discharge an obligation, adhere to an
obligation, acquit oneself of an obligation, satisfy
an obligation; act one’s part, redeem one’s
pledge, do justice to, be at one’s post; do duty;
do one’s duty &c. (be virtuous) 944.
be on one’s good
behavior, mind one’s P’s and Q’s.
Adj. obligatory, binding;
imperative, peremptory; stringent &c.
(severe) 739; behooving &c. v.; incumbent on, chargeable
on; under obligation; obliged by, bound by, tied by;
saddled with.
due to, beholden to,
bound to, indebted to; tied down; compromised &c.
(promised) 768; in duty bound.
amenable, liable, accountable,
responsible, answerable.
right, meet &c. (due)
924; moral, ethical, casuistical, conscientious,
ethological.
Adv. with a safe conscience,
as in duty, bound, on one’s own
responsibility, at one’s own risk, suo periculo[Lat];
in foro conscientiae[Lat]; quamdiu se bene gesserit[Lat].
Phr. dura lex sed lex[Lat];
dulce et decorum est pro patria mori[Lat];
honos habet onus[Lat]; leve fit quod bene fertur onus
[Lat][Ovid]; loyaute m’oblige[Fr]; “simple
duty bath no place for fear” [Whittier]; “stern
daughter of the voice of God” [Wordsworth]; “there
is a higher law than the Constitution” [Wm.
Seward].
#927. Dereliction
of Duty. — N. dereliction of duty; fault
&c.
(guilt) 947; sin &c. (vice) 945; non-observance, non-performance;
neglect, relaxation, infraction, violation, transgression,
failure, evasion; dead letter.
V. violate; break, break
through; infringe; set aside, set at naught;
encroach upon, trench upon; trample on, trample under
foot; slight, neglect, evade, renounce, forswear,
repudiate; wash one’s hands of; escape, transgress,
fail.
call to account &c.
(disapprobation) 932.
#927a. Exemption.
— N. exemption, freedom, irresponsibility,
immunity, liberty, license, release, exoneration,
excuse, dispensation, absolution, franchise, renunciation,
discharge; exculpation &c. 970. V. be exempt
&c. adj.
exempt, release, acquit,
discharge, quitclaim, remise, remit; free,
set at liberty, let off, pass over, spare, excuse,
dispense with, give dispensation, license; stretch
a point; absolve &c. (forgive) 918; exonerate &c.
(exculpate) 970; save the necessity.
Adj. exempt, free, immune,
at liberty, scot-free; released &c. v.;
unbound, unencumbered; irresponsible, unaccountable,
not answerable; excusable.
Phr. bonis nocet quisquis
pepercerit malis [Lat][Syrus].
— p. 322 —
% 2. Moral Sentiments %
#928. Respect.
— N. respect, regard, consideration; courtesy
&c. 894;
attention, deference, reverence, honor, esteem, estimation,
veneration, admiration; approbation &c. 931.
homage, fealty, obeisance,
genuflection, kneeling prostration;
obsequiousness &c. 886; salaam, kowtow, bow, presenting
arms, salute.
respects, regards, duty,
devoirs, egards.
devotion &c. (piety)
987.
V. respect, regard;
revere, reverence; hold in reverence, honor,
venerate, hallow; esteem &c. (approve of) 931; think
much of; entertain respect for, bear respect for;
look up to, defer to; have a high opinion of, hold
a high opinion of; pay attention, pay respect &c. n.
to; do honor to, render honor to; do the honors,
hail; show courtesy &c. 894; salute, present arms;
do homage to, pay homage to; pay tribute to, kneel
to, bow to, bend the knee to; fall down before, prostrate
oneself, kiss the hem of one’s garment; worship
&c. 990.
keep one’s distance,
make room, observe due decorum, stand upon
ceremony.
command respect, inspire
respect; awe, inspire awe, impose, overawe,
dazzle.
Adj. respecting &c.v.;
respectful, deferential, decorous, reverential,
obsequious, ceremonious, bareheaded, cap in hand,
on one’s knees; prostrate &c. (servile) 886.
respected &c.v.; in
high esteem, in high estimation; time-honored,
venerable, emeritus.
Adv. in deference to;
with all respect, with all due respect, with
due respect, with the highest respect; with submission.
saving your grace, saving
your presence; salva sit reverentia[Lat];
#929. Disrespect.
— N. disrespect, disesteem, disestimation[obs3];
disparagement &c. (dispraise) 932, (detraction) 934.
irreverence; slight,
neglect, spretae injuria formae [Lat][Vergil],
superciliousness &c. (contempt) 930.
vilipendency|, vilification,
contumely, affront, dishonor, insult,
indignity, outrage, discourtesy &c. 895; practical
joking; scurrility, scoffing, sibilance, hissing,
sibilation; irrision[obs3]; derision; mockery; irony
&c. (ridicule) 856; sarcasm.
hiss, hoot, boo, gibe,
flout, jeer, scoff, gleek|, taunt, sneer, quip,
fling, wipe, slap in the face.
V. hold in disrespect
&c. (despise) 930; misprize, disregard, slight,
trifle with, set at naught, pass by, push aside, overlook,
turn one’s back upon, laugh in one’s sleeve;
be disrespectful &c. adj., be discourteous &c. 895;
treat with disrespect &c.n.; set down, put down, browbeat.
dishonor, desecrate;
insult, affront, outrage.
speak slightingly of;
disparage &c. (dispraise) 932; vilipend[obs3],
vilify, call names; throw dirt, fling dirt; drag through
the mud, point at, indulge in personalities; make
mouths, make faces; bite the thumb; take by the beard;
pluck by the beard; toss in a blanket, tar and feather.
have in derision; hold
in derision; deride, scoff, barrack, sneer,
laugh at, snigger, ridicule, gibe, mock, jeer, hiss,
hoot, taunt, twit, niggle[obs3], gleek|!, gird, flout,
fleer[obs3]; roast, turn into ridicule; burlesque
&c. 856; laugh to scorn &c. (contempt) 930; smoke;
fool; make game of, make a fool of, make an April
fool of[obs3]; play a practical joke; lead one a dance,
run the rig upon, have a fling at, scout; mob.
Adj. disrespectful;
aweless, irreverent; disparaging &c. 934;
insulting &c.v.; supercilious, contemptuous, patronizing
&c. (scornful) 930; rude, derisive, sarcastic; scurrile,
scurrilous; contumelious.
unrespected[obs3], unworshiped[obs3],
unenvied[obs3], unsaluted[obs3];
unregarded[obs3], disregarded.
Adv. disrespectfully
&c. adj.
— p. 323 —
#930. Contempt.
— N. contempt, disdain, scorn, sovereign
contempt;
despisal[obs3], despiciency[obs3]; despisement[obs3];
vilipendency|!, contumely; slight, sneer, spurn, by-word;
despect[obs3].
contemptuousness &c.
adj.; scornful eye; smile of contempt; derision
&c. (disrespect) 929. despisedness[obs3][State of
being despised].
V. despise, contemn,
scorn, disdain, feel contempt for, view with a
scornful eye; disregard, slight, not mind; pass by
&c. (neglect) 460.
look down upon; hold
cheap, hold in contempt, hold in disrespect;
— p. 324 —
#931. Approbation.
— N. approbation; approval, approvement[obs3];
sanction, advocacy; nod of approbation; esteem, estimation,
good opinion, golden opinions, admiration; love &c.
897; appreciation, regard, account, popularity, gr/kudos/gr,
credit; repute &c. 873; best seller.
commendation, praise;
laud, laudation; good word; meed of praise,
tribute of praise; encomium; eulogy, eulogium[obs3];
eloge[Fr], panegyric; homage, hero worship; benediction,
blessing, benison.
applause, plaudit, clap;
clapping, clapping of hands; acclaim,
acclamation; cheer; paean, hosannah; shout of applause,
peal of applause, chorus of applause, chorus of praise
&c.; Prytaneum.
V. approve; approbate[obs3][1],
think good, think much of, think well
of, think highly of; esteem, value, prize; set great
store by, set great store on.
do justice to, appreciate;
honor, hold in esteem, look up to, admire;
like &c. 897; be in favor of, wish Godspeed; hail,
hail with satisfaction.
stand up for, stick
up for; uphold, hold up, countenance, sanction;
clap on the back, pat on the back; keep in countenance,
indorse; give credit, recommend; mark with a white
mark, mark with a stone.
commend, belaud[obs3],
praise, laud, compliment; pay a tribute,
bepraise[obs3]; clap the hands; applaud, cheer, acclamate[obs3],
encore; panegyrize[obs3], eulogize, cry up, proner[Fr],
puff; extol, extol to the skies; magnify, glorify,
exalt, swell, make much of; flatter &c. 933; bless,
[note 1][Obsolete in England except in legal writings, but surviving in the United States chiefly in a technical sense for license. C.O.S.M.]. — p. 324 —
#932. Disapprobation.
— N. disapprobation, disapproval;
improbation[obs3]; disesteem, disvaluation[obs3],
displacency[obs3]; odium; dislike &c. 867.
dispraise, discommendation[obs3];
blame, censure, obloquy; detraction
&c. 934; disparagement, depreciation; denunciation;
condemnation &c. 971; ostracism; black list.
animadversion, reflection,
stricture, objection, exception, criticism;
sardonic grin, sardonic laugh; sarcasm, insinuation,
innuendo; bad compliment, poor compliment, left-handed
compliment.
satire; sneer &c. (contempt)
930; taunt &c. (disrespect) 929; cavil,
carping, censoriousness; hypercriticism &c. (fastidiousness)
868.
reprehension, remonstrance,
expostulation, reproof, reprobation,
admonition, increpation[obs3], reproach; rebuke, reprimand,
castigation, jobation[obs3], lecture, curtain lecture,
blow up, wigging, dressing, rating, scolding, trimming;
correction, set down, rap on the knuckles, coup de
bec[Fr], rebuff; slap, slap on the face; home thrust,
hit; frown, scowl, black look.
— p. 325 —
#933. Flattery.
— N. flattery, adulation, gloze; blandishment,
blandiloquence[obs3]; cajolery; fawning, wheedling
&c.v.; captation[obs3], coquetry, obsequiousness,
sycophancy, flunkeyism[obs3], toadeating[obs3], tuft-hunting;
snobbishness.
incense, honeyed words,
flummery; bunkum, buncombe; blarney, placebo,
butter; soft soap, soft sawder[obs3]; rose water.
voice of the charmer,
mouth honor; lip homage; euphemism; unctuousness
&c. adj.
V. flatter, praise to
the skies, puff; wheedle, cajole, glaver[obs3],
coax; fawn upon, faun upon; humor, gloze, soothe,
pet, coquet, slaver, butter; jolly [U.S.]; bespatter,
beslubber[obs3], beplaster[obs3], beslaver[obs3];
lay it on thick, overpraise; earwig, cog, collogue[obs3];
truckle to, pander to, pandar to[obs3], suck up to,
kiss the ass of [vulgar], pay court to; court; creep
into the good graces of, curry favor with, hang on
the sleeve of; fool to the top of one’s bent;
lick the dust.
lay the flattering unction
to one’s soul, gild the pill, make things
pleasant.
overestimate &c. 482;
exaggerate &c. 549.
Adj. flattering &c.v.;
adulatory; mealy-mouthed, honey-mouthed;
honeyed; smooth, smooth-tongued; soapy, oily, unctuous,
blandiloquent[obs3], specious; fine-spoken, fair spoken;
plausible, servile, sycophantic, fulsome; courtierly[obs3],
courtier-like.
Adv. ad captandum[Lat].
#934. Detraction.
— N. detraction, disparagement, depreciation,
vilification, obloquy, scurrility, scandal, defamation,
aspersion, traducement, slander, calumny, obtrectation[obs3],
evil-speaking, backbiting, scandalum magnatum[Lat].
personality, libel,
lampoon, skit, pasquinade; chronique
scandaleuse[Fr]; roorback [U.S.].
sarcasm, cynicism; criticism
(disapprobation) 932; invective &c. 932;
envenomed tongue; spretae injuria formae[Lat].
personality, libel,
lampoon, skit, pasquinade; chronique
scandaleuse[Fr]; roorback [U.S.].
detractor &c. 936.
V. detract, derogate,
decry, deprecate, depreciate, disparage; run
down, cry down; backcap [obs3][U.S.]; belittle; sneer
at &c. (contemn) 930; criticize, pull to pieces, pick
a hole in one’s coat, asperse, cast aspersions,
blow upon, bespatter, blacken, vilify, vilipend[obs3];
avile|; give a dog a bad name, brand, malign; muckrake;
backbite, libel, lampoon, traduce, slander, defame,
calumniate, bear false witness against; speak ill
of behind one’s back.
fling dirt &c. (disrespect)
929; anathematize &c. 932; dip the pen in
gall, view in a bad light.
impugn[disparage
the motives of]; assail, attack &c. 716; oppose &c.
708; denounce, accuse &c. 938.
Adj. detracting &c.v.;
defamatory, detractory[obs3], derogatory,
deprecatory; catty; disparaging, libelous; scurrile,
scurrilous; abusive; foul-spoken, foul-tongued, foul-mouthed;
slanderous; calumnious, calumniatory[obs3]; sarcastic,
sardonic; sarcastic, satirical, cynical.
critical &c. 932.
Phr. “damn with
faint praise, assent with civil leer; and without
sneering, teach the rest to sneer” [Pope]; another
lie nailed to the counter; “cut men’s
throats with whisperings” [B. Jonson]; “foul
whisperings are abroad” “soft-buzzing
slander” [Macbeth][Thomson]; “virtue itself
’scapes not calumnious strokes” [Hamlet].
— p. 326 —
#935. Flatterer.
— N. flatterer, adulator; eulogist, euphemist;
optimist, encomiast, laudator[Lat], whitewasher.
toady, toadeater[obs3];
sycophant, courtier, Sir Pertinax
MacSycophant; flaneur[Fr], proneur[Fr]; puffer, touter[obs3],
claqueur[Fr]; clawback[obs3], earwig, doer of dirty
work; parasite, hanger-on &c. (servility) 886.
yes-man, suckup, ass-kisser
[vulgar], brown-noser [vulgar], teacher’s
pet.
Phr. pessimum genus
inimicorum laudantes [Lat][Tacitus].
#936. Detractor.
— N. detractor, reprover; censor, censurer;
cynic,
critic, caviler, carper, word-catcher, frondeur; barracker[obs3].
defamer, backbiter,
slanderer, Sir Benjamin Backbite, lampooner,
satirist, traducer, libeler, calumniator, dawplucker[obs3],
Thersites[obs3]; Zoilus; good-natured friend [satirically];
reviler, vituperator, castigator; shrew &c. 901; muckraker.
disapprover, laudator
temporis acti [Lat][Horace].
Adj. black-mouthed,
abusive &c. 934.
— vindication and advocacy together?? —
#937. Vindication.
— N. vindication, justification, warrant;
exoneration, exculpation; acquittal &c. 970; whitewashing.
extenuation; palliation,
palliative; softening, mitigation.
reply, defense; recrimination
&c 938.
apology, gloss, varnish;
plea &c. 617; salvo; excuse, extenuating
circumstances; allowance, allowance to be made; locus
paenitentiae[Lat].
apologist, vindicator,
justifier; defendant &c. 938.
justifiable charge,
true bill.
v. justify, warrant;
be an excuse &c. n.for; lend a color, furnish a
handle; vindicate; exculpate, disculpate[obs3]; acquit
&c. 970; clear, set right, exonerate, whitewash; clear
the skirts of.
extenuate, palliate,
excuse, soften, apologize, varnish, slur, gloze;
put a gloss, put a good face upon; mince; gloss over,
bolster up, help a lame dog over a stile.
advocate, defend, plead
one’s cause; stand up for, stick up for, speak
up for; contend for, speak for; bear out, keep in
countenance, support; plead &c, 617; say in defense;
plead ignorance; confess and avoid, propugn[obs3],
put in a good word for.
take the will for the
deed, make allowance for, give credit for, do
justice to; give one his due, give the Devil his due.
make good; prove the
truth of, prove one’s case; be justified by the
event.
Adj. vindicated, vindicating
&c v.; exculpatory; apologetic.
excusable, defensible,
pardonable; venial, veniable[obs3]; specious,
plausible, justifiable.
Phr. “honi sot
qui mal y pense”; “good wine needs no bush.”
#938. Accusation.
— N. accusation, charge, imputation, slur,
inculpation, exprobration[obs3], delation; crimination;
incrimination, accrimination[obs3], recrimination;
tu quoque argument[Lat]; invective &c. 932.
denunciation, denouncement;
libel, challenge, citation, arraignment;
impeachment, appeachment[obs3]; indictment, bill of
indictment, true bill; lawsuit &c. 969; condemnation
&c. 971.
gravamen of a charge,
head and front of one’s offending, argumentum
ad
hominem[Lat]; scandal &c. (detraction) 934; scandalum
magnatum[Lat].
accuser, prosecutor,
plaintiff; relator, informer; appellant.
accused, defendant,
prisoner, perpetrator, panel, respondent;
litigant.
V. accuse, charge, tax,
impute, twit, taunt with, reproach.
brand with reproach;
stigmatize, slur; cast a stone at, cast a slur
on; incriminate, criminate; inculpate, implicate;
call to account &c. (censure) 932; take to blame,
take to task; put in the black book.
inform against, indict,
denounce, arraign; impeach, appeach[obs3];
have up, show up, pull up; challenge, cite, lodge
a complaint; prosecute, bring an action against &c.
969; blow upon.
charge with, saddle
with; lay to one’s door, lay charge; lay the
blame
on, bring home to; cast in one’s teeth, throw
— p. 327 — % 3. MORAL CONDITIONS %
#939. Probity.
— N. probity, integrity, rectitude; uprightness
&c.
adj.; honesty, faith; honor; bonne foi[Fr], good faith,
bona fides[Lat]; purity, clean hands.
fairness &c. adj.; fair
play, justice, equity, impartiality,
principle, even-handedness; grace.
constancy; faithfulness
&c. adj.; fidelity, loyalty; incorruption,
incorruptibility.
trustworthiness &c.
adj.; truth, candor, singleness of heart; veracity
&c. 543; tender conscience &c. (sense of duty) 926.
punctilio, delicacy,
nicety; scrupulosity, scrupulousness &c. adj.;
scruple; point, point of honor; punctuality.
dignity &c, (repute)
873; respectability, respectableness &c. adj;
gentilhomme[Fr], gentleman; man of honor, man of his
word; fidus Achates[Lat][obs3], preux chevalier[Fr],
galantuomo[It]; truepenny[obs3], trump, brick; true
Briton; white man * [U.S.].
court of honor, a fair
field and no favor; argumentum ad
verecundiam[Lat].
V. be honorable &c.
adj.; deal honorably, deal squarely, deal
impartially, deal fairly; speak the truth &c. (veracity)
543; draw a straight furrow; tell the truth and shame
the Devil, vitam impendere vero[Lat]; show a proper
spirit, make a point of; do one’s duty &c. (virtue)
944.
redeem one’s pledge
&c. 926; keep one’s promise, be as good as one’s
promise, be as good as one’s word; keep faith
with, not fail.
give and take, audire
alteram partem[Lat], give the Devil his due, put
the saddle on the right horse.
redound to one’s
honor.
Adj. upright; honest,
honest as daylight; veracious &c. 543; virtuous
&c. 944; honorable; fair, right, just, equitable,
impartial, evenhanded, square; fair and aboveboard,
open and aboveboard; white * [U.S.].
constant, constant as
the northern star; faithful, loyal, staunch;
true, true blue, true to one’s colors, true
to the core, true as the needle to the pole; “marble-constant”
[Antony and Cleopatra]; true-hearted, trusty, trustworthy;
as good as one’s word, to be depended on, incorruptible.
straightforward &c.
(ingenuous) 703; frank, candid, open-hearted.
— p. 328 —
#940. Improbity.
— N. improbity[obs3]; dishonesty, dishonor;
deviation from rectitude; disgrace &c. (disrepute)
874; fraud &c. (deception) 545; lying &c. 544; bad
faith, Punic faith; mala fides[Lat], Punica fides[Lat];
infidelity; faithlessness &c. adj.; Judas kiss, betrayal.
breach of promise, breach
of trust, breach of faith; prodition|,
disloyalty, treason, high treason; apostasy &c. (tergiversation)
607; nonobservance &c. 773.
shabbiness &c. adj.;
villainy, villany[obs3]; baseness &c. adj.;
abjection, debasement, turpitude, moral turpitude,
laxity, trimming, shuffling.
perfidy; perfidiousness
&c. adj.; treachery, double dealing;
unfairness &c. adj.; knavery, roguery, rascality,
foul play; jobbing, jobbery; graft, bribery; venality,
nepotism; corruption, job, shuffle, fishy transaction;
barratry, sharp practice, heads I win tails you lose;
mouth honor &c. (flattery) 933.
V. be dishonest &c.
adj.; play false; break one’s word, break one’s
faith, break one’s promise; jilt, betray, forswear;
shuffle &c. (lie) 544; live by one’s wits, sail
near the wind.
disgrace oneself, dishonor
oneself, demean oneself; derogate, stoop,
grovel, sneak, lose caste; sell oneself, go over to
the enemy; seal one’s infamy.
Adj. dishonest, dishonorable;
unconscientious, unscrupulous;
fraudulent &c. 545; knavish; disgraceful &c. (disreputable)
974; wicked &c. 945.
false-hearted, disingenuous;
unfair, one-sided; double, double-
hearted, double-tongued, double-faced; timeserving[obs3],
crooked, tortuous,insidious, Machiavelian, dark, slippery;
fishy; perfidious, treacherous, perjured.
infamous, arrant, foul,
#941. Knave. —
N. knave, rogue; Scapin[obs3], rascal; Lazarillo de
Tormes; bad man &c. 949; blackguard &c. 949; barrater[obs3],
barrator[obs3]; shyster [U.S..].
traitor, betrayer, archtraitor[obs3],
conspirator, Judas, Catiline;
reptile, serpent, snake in the grass, wolf in sheep’s
clothing, sneak, Jerry Sneak, squealer*, tell-tale,
mischief-maker; trimmer, fence-sitter, renegade &c.
(tergiversation) 607; truant, recreant; sycophant &c.
(servility) 886.
#942. Disinterestedness.
— N. disinterestedness &c. adj.; generosity;
liberality, liberalism; altruism; benevolence &c.
906; elevation, loftiness of purpose, exaltation,
magnanimity; chivalry, chivalrous spirit; heroism,
sublimity.
self-denial, self-abnegation,
self-sacrifice, self-immolation, self-
control &c. (resolution) 604; stoicism, devotion,
martyrdom, suttee.
labor of love.
V. be disinterested
&c. adj.; make a sacrifice, lay one’s head on
the
block; put oneself in the place of others, do as one
would be done by, do unto others as we would men should
do unto us.
Adj. disinterested;
unselfish; self-denying, self-sacrificing, self-
devoted; generous.
handsome, liberal, noble,
broad-minded; noble-minded, high-minded;
princely, great, high, elevated, lofty, exalted, spirited,
stoical, magnanimous; great-hearted, large-hearted;
chivalrous, heroic, sublime.
unbought, unbribed[obs3];
uncorrupted &c. (upright) 939.
Phr. non vobis solum[Lat].
#943. Selfishness.
— N. selfishness &c. adj.; self-love, self-
indulgence, self-worship, self-interest; egotism,
egoism; amour propre[Fr],&c. (vanity) 880; nepotism.
worldliness &c. adj.;
world wisdom.
illiberality; meanness
&c. adj.
time-pleaser, time-server;
tuft-hunter, fortune-hunter; jobber,
worldling; egotist, egoist, monopolist, nepotist;
dog in the manger, charity that begins at home; canis
in praesepi[Lat], “foes to nobleness,”
temporizer, trimmer.
— p. 329 —
#944. Virtue. —
N. virtue; virtuousness &c. adj.; morality; moral
rectitude; integrity &c. (probity) 939; nobleness
&c. 873.
morals; ethics &c. (duty)
926; cardinal virtues.
merit, worth, desert,
excellence, credit; self-control &c.
(resolution) 604; self-denial &c. (temperance) 953.
well-doing; good actions,
good behavior; discharge of duty,
fulfillment of duty, performance of duty; well-spent
life; innocence &c. 946.
V. be virtuous &c. adj.;
practice virtue &c.n.; do one’s duty, fulfill
one’s duty, perform one’s duty, discharge
one’s duty; redeem one’s pledge, keep
one’s promise &c. 926; act well, act one’s
part; fight the good fight; acquit oneself well; command
one’s passions, master one’s passions;
keep in the right path.
set an example, set
a good example; be on one’s good behavior, be
on
one’s best behavior.
Adj. virtuous, good;
innocent &c. 946; meritorious, deserving, worthy,
desertful[obs3], correct; dutiful, duteous; moral;
right, righteous, right-minded; well-intentioned,
creditable, laudable, commendable, praiseworthy; above
all praise, beyond all praise; excellent, admirable;
sterling, pure, noble; whole-souled[obs3].
exemplary; matchless,
peerless; saintly, saint-like; heaven-born,
angelic, seraphic, godlike.
Adv. virtuously &c,
adj.; e merito[Lat].
Phr. esse quam videri
bonus malebat [Lat][Sallust]; Schonheit vergeht
Tugend besteht[Ger]; “virtue the greatest of
all monarchies” [Swift]; virtus laudatur et
alget [Lat][obs3][Juvenal]; virtus vincit invidiam[Lat].
#945. Vice. —
N. vice; evil-doing, evil courses; wrongdoing;
wickedness, viciousness &c. adj.; iniquity, peccability[obs3],
demerit; sin, Adam|!; old Adam[obs3], offending Adam[obs3].
immorality, impropriety,
indecorum, scandal, laxity, looseness of
morals; enphagy[obs3], dophagy[obs3], exophagy[obs3];
want of principle, want of ballast; obliquity, backsliding,
infamy, demoralization, pravity[obs3], depravity,
[Note 1 — Most of these adjectives are applicable both to the act and to the agent.]. — p. 330 —
#946. Innocence.
— N. innocence; guiltlessness &c. adj.;
incorruption, impeccability.
clean hands, clear conscience,
mens sibi conscia recti [Lat][Vergil].
innocent, lamb, dove.
V. be innocent &c. adj;
nil conscire sibi nulla pallescere culpa
[Lat][Horace].
acquit &c. 970; exculpate
&c. (vindicate) 937.
Adj. innocent, not guilty;
unguilty[obs3]; guiltless, faultless,
sinless, stainless, bloodless, spotless; clear, immaculate;
rectus in curia[Lat]; unspotted, unblemished, unerring;
undefiled &c. 939; unhardened[obs3], Saturnian; Arcadian
&c. (artless) 703[obs3].
inculpable, unculpable[obs3];
unblamed, unblamable[obs3]; blameless,
unfallen[obs3], inerrable[obs3], above suspicion;
irreproachable, irreprovable[obs3], irreprehensible[obs3];
unexceptionable, unobjectionable, unimpeachable; salvable[obs3];
venial &c. 937.
harmless; inoffensive,
innoxious[obs3], innocuous; dove-like, lamb-
like; pure, harmless as doves; innocent as a lamb,
innocent as the babe unborn; “more sinned against
than sinning” [Lear].
virtuous &c. 944; unreproved[obs3],
unimpeached, unreproached[obs3].
Adv. innocently &c.
adj.; with clean hands; with a clear conscience,
with a safe conscience.
Phr. murus aeneus conscientia
sana [Lat][obs3][Horace].
#947. Guilt. —
N. guilt, guiltiness; culpability; criminality,
criminousness[obs3]; deviation from rectitude &c.
(improbity) 940[obs3]; sinfulness &c. (vice) 945.
misconduct, misbehavior,
misdoing, misdeed; malpractice, fault, sin,
error, transgression; dereliction, delinquency; indiscretion,
lapse, slip, trip, faux pas[Fr], peccadillo; flaw,
blot, omission; failing, failure; break, bad break
|![U.S.], capital crime, delictum[Lat].
offense, trespass; misdemeanor,
misfeasance, misprision; malefaction,
malfeasance, malversation; crime, felony.
enormity, atrocity,
outrage; deadly sin, mortal sin; “deed without
a
name” [Macbeth].
corpus delicti.
Adj. guilty, to blame,
culpable, peccable[obs3], in fault, at fault,
censurable, reprehensible, blameworthy, uncommendable,
illaudable[obs3]; weighed in the balance and found
wanting; exceptionable. Adv. in flagrante delicto[Lat];
red-handed, in the very act, with one’s hand
in the cookie jar.
Phr. cui prodest scelus
in fecit [Lat][Seneca]; culpam paena premit
comes [Lat][Horace]; “O would the deed were
good!” [Richard II]; “responsibility prevents
crimes” se judice nemo nocens absolvitur [Lat][Burke;][Juvenal];
“so many laws argues so many sins” [Paradise
Lost]. — p. 331 —
#948. Good Man.
— N. good man, honest man, worthy.
good woman, perfect
lady, Madonna.
model, paragon &c. (perfection)
650; good example; hero, heroine,
demigod, seraph, angel; innocent &c. 946; saint &c.
(piety) 987; benefactor &c. 912; philanthropist &c.
#949. Bad Man.
— N. bad man, wrongdoer, worker of iniquity;
evildoer
&c. 913; sinner; the wicked &c. 945; bad example.
villain, rascal, scoundrel,
miscreant, budmash[obs3], caitiff|!;
wretch, reptile, viper, serpent, cockatrice, basilisk,
urchin; tiger|!, monster; devil &c. (demon) 980; devil
incarnate; demon in human shape, Nana Sahib; hellhound,
hellcat; rakehell[obs3].
bad woman, jade, Jezebel.
scamp, scapegrace, rip,
runagate, ne’er-do-well, reprobate, scalawag,
scallawag.
rou[French], rake;
Sadist; skeesicks*[obs3], skeezix* [obs3][U.S.];
limb; one who has sold himself to the devil, fallen
angel, ame damnee[Fr], vaurien[obs3], mauvais sujet[Fr],
loose fish, sad dog; rounder*; lost sheep, black sheep;
castaway, recreant, defaulter; prodigal &c. 818.
rough, rowdy, hooligan,
tough, ugly customer, mean mother [coll.],
ruffian, bully, meanie [jocular]; Jonathan Wild; hangman.
incendiary, arsonist,
fire bug [U.S.].
thief &c. 792; murderer,
terrorist &c. 361.
[person who violates
the criminal law] culprit, delinquent, crook,
hoodlum, hood, criminal, thug, malefactor, offender,
perpetrator, perp [coll.]; disorderly person, misdemeanant[Law];
outlaw; scofflaw; vandal; felon[convicted criminal];
convict, prisoner, inmate, jail bird, ticket of leave
man; multiple offender.
blackguard, polisson[obs3],
loafer, sneak; rapscallion,
rascallion[obs3]; cullion[obs3], mean wretch, varlet,
kern[obs3], ame-de-boue[Fr], drole[obs3]; cur, dog,
hound|!, whelp|!, mongrel|!; lown|!, loon, runnion[obs3],
outcast, vagabond; rogue &c. (knave) 941; ronian[obs3];
scum of the earth, riffraff; Arcades ambo[obs3].
Int. sirrah[obs3]!
Phr. Acherontis
pabulum[obs3]; gibier de potence[Fr].
#950. Penitence.
— N. penitence, contrition, compunction,
repentance,
remorse; regret &c. 833.
self-reproach, self-reproof,
self-accusation, self-condemnation, self-
humiliation; stings of conscience, pangs of conscience,
qualms of conscience, prickings of conscience[obs3],
twinge of conscience, twitch of conscience, touch
of conscience, voice of conscience; compunctious visitings
of nature[obs3].
acknowledgment, confession
&c. (disclosure) 529; apology &c. 952;
recantation &c. 607; penance &c. 952; resipiscence|!.
awakened conscience,
deathbed repentance, locus paenitentiae[Lat],
stool of repentance, cuttystool[obs3].
penitent, repentant,
Magdalen, prodigal son, “a sadder and a wiser
man” [Coleridge].
V. repent, be sorry
#951. Impenitence.
— N. impenitence, irrepentance[obs3],
recusance[obs3]; lack of contrition.
hardness of heart, seared
conscience, induration, obduracy.
V. be impenitent &c.
adj.; steel the heart, harden the heart; die
game, die and make no sign, die unshriven, die without
benefit of clergy.
Adj. impenitent, uncontrite,
obdurate; hard, hardened; seared,
recusant; unrepentant; relentless, remorseless, graceless,
shriftless[obs3].
lost, incorrigible,
irreclaimable.
unreconstructed, unregenerate,
unreformed; unrepented[obs3],
unreclaimed[obs3], unatoned.
— p. 332 —
#952. Atonement.
— N. atonement, reparation; compromise,
composition;
compensation &c. 30; quittance, quits; expiation,
redemption, reclamation, conciliation, propitiation;
indemnification, redress.
amends, apology, amende
honorable[obs3], satisfaction; peace offering,
sin offering, burnt offering; scapegoat, sacrifice.
penance, fasting, maceration,
sackcloth and ashes, white sheet,
shrift, flagellation, lustration[obs3]; purgation,
purgatory.
V. atone, atone for;
expiate; propitiate; make amends, make good;
reclaim, redeem, repair, ransom, absolve, purge, shrive,
do penance, stand in a white sheet, repent in sackcloth
and ashes, wear a hairshirt.
set one’s house
in order, wipe off old scores, make matters up; pay
the forfeit, pay the penalty.
apologize, beg pardon,
fair l’amende honorable[Fr], give satisfaction;
come down on one’s knees, fall down on one’s
knees, down on one’s marrow bones.
% 4. MORAL PRACTICE %
#953. Temperance.
— N. temperance, moderation, sobriety, soberness.
forbearance, abnegation;
self-denial, self-restraint, self-control &c.
(resolution) 604.
frugality; vegetarianism,
teetotalism, total abstinence; abstinence,
abstemiousness; Encratism[obs3], prohibition; system
of Pythagoras, system of Cornaro; Pythagorism, Stoicism.
vegetarian; Pythagorean,
gymnosophist[obs3].
#954. Intemperance.
— N. intemperance; sensuality, animalism,
carnality; tragalism[obs3]; pleasure; effeminacy,
silkiness; luxury, luxuriousness; lap of pleasure,
lap of luxury; free living.
indulgence; high living,
wild living, inabstinence[obs3], self-
indulgence; voluptuousness &c. adj.; epicurism, epicureanism;
sybaritism; drug habit.
dissipation; licentiousness
&c. adj.; debauchery; crapulence[obs3].
revels, revelry; debauch,
carousal, jollification, drinking bout,
wassail, saturnalia, orgies; excess, too much.
Circean cup.
[drugs of abuse:
list] bhang, hashish, marijuana, pot [coll.], hemp
[coll.], grass [coll.]; opium, cocaine, morphine,
heroin; LSD[abbr], lysergic acid diethylamide[Chem][Chem];
phencyclidine, angel dust, PCP; barbiturates; amphetamines,
speed [coll.].
V. be intemperate &c.
adj.; indulge, exceed; live well, live high,
live high on the fat of the land, live it up, live
high on the hog; give a loose to indulgence &c. n.;
wallow in voluptuousness &c. n.; plunge into dissipation.
revel; rake, live hard,
run riot, sow one’s wild oats; slake one’s
appetite, slake one’s thirst; swill; pamper.
Adj. intemperate,inabstinent[obs3];
sensual, self-indulgent;
voluptuous, luxurious, licentious, wild, dissolute,
rakish, fast, debauched.
brutish, crapulous[obs3],
swinish, piggish.
Paphian, Epicurean,
Sybaritical; bred in the lap of luxury, nursed in
the lap of luxury; indulged, pampered; full-fed, high-fed.
Phr. “being full
of supper and distempering draughts” [Othello].
#954a. Sensualist. — N. Sybarite, voluptuary, Sardanaphalus, man of pleasure, carpet knight; epicure, epicurean, gourmet, gourmand; pig, hog; votary of Epicurus, swine of Epicurus; sensualist; Heliogabalus; free liver, hard liver; libertine &c. 962; hedonist; tragalist[obs3].
#955. Asceticism.
— N. asceticism, puritanism, sabbatarianism[obs3];
cynicism|!, austerity; total abstinence; nephalism[obs3].
mortification, maceration,
sackcloth and ashes, flagellation; penance
&c. 952; fasting &c. 956; martyrdom.
ascetic; anchoret[obs3],
anchorite; martyr; Heautontimorumenos[obs3];
hermit &c. (recluse) 893; puritan, sabbatarian[obs3],
cynic, sanyasi[obs3], yogi.
Adj. ascetic, austere,
puritanical; cynical; over-religious; acerbic.
— p. 333 —
#956. Fasting.
— N. fasting; xerophagy[obs3]; famishment,
starvation.
fast, jour maigre[Fr];
fast day, banyan day; Lent, quadragesima[obs3];
Ramadan, Ramazan; spare diet, meager diet; lenten
diet, lenten entertainment; soupe maigre[Fr], short
commons, Barmecide feast[obs3]; short rations.
V. fast, starve, clem|,
famish, perish with hunger; dine with Duke
Humphrey[obs3]; make two bites of a cherry.
Adj. lenten, quadragesimal[obs3];
unfed[obs3]; starved &c.v.; half-
starved; fasting &c. v.; hungry &c. 865.
#957. Gluttony.
— N. gluttony; greed, avarice; greediness
&c. adj.;
voracity.
epicurism; good living,
high living; edacity[obs3], gulosity[obs3],
crapulence[obs3]; guttling[obs3], guzzling; pantophagy[obs3].
good cheer, blow out;
feast &c. (food) 298; gastronomy, batterie de
cuisine[Fr].
epicure, bon vivant,
gourmand; glutton, cormorant, hog, belly god,
Apicius[obs3], gastronome; gourmet &c. 954a, 868.
v. gormandize, gorge;
overgorge[obs3], overeat oneself; engorge, eat
one’s fill, cram, stuff; guttle[obs3], guzzle;
bolt, devour, gobble up; gulp &c. (swallow food) 298;
raven, eat out of house and home.
have the stomach of
an ostrich; play a good knife and fork &c.
(appetite) 865.
pamper.
Adj. gluttonous, greedy;
gormandizing &c.v.; edacious[obs3],
omnivorous, crapulent[obs3], swinish.
avaricious &c. 819;
selfish &c. 918.
pampered; overfed, overgorged[obs3].
Phr. jejunus raro stomachus
vulgaria temnit [Lat][Horace].
#958. Sobriety.
— N. sobriety; teetotalism.
temperance &c. 953.
water-drinker; hydropot|!;
prohibitionist; teetotaler, teetotalist;
abstainer, Good Templar, band of hope.
V. take the pledge.
Adj. sober, sober as
a judge.
#959. Drunkenness.
— N. drunkenness &c. adj.; intemperance;
drinking
&c. v.; inebriety[obs3], inebriation; ebriety[obs3],
ebriosity[obs3]; insobriety; intoxication; temulency[obs3],
bibacity[obs3], wine bibbing; comtation[obs3], potation;
deep potations, bacchanals, bacchanalia, libations;
bender* [U.S.].
oinomania[obs3], dipsomania;
delirium tremens; alcohol, alcoholism;
mania a potu[Fr].
drink; alcoholic drinks;
blue ruin*, grog, port wine; punch, punch
bowl; cup, rosy wine, flowing bowl; drop, drop too
much; dram; beer &c. (beverage) 298; aguardiente[obs3];
apple brandy, applejack; brandy, brandy smash [U.S.];
chain lightning*, champagne, cocktail; gin, ginsling[obs3];
highball [U.S.], peg, rum, rye, schnapps [U.S.], sherry,
sling [U.S.], uisquebaugh[Irish], usquebaugh, whisky,
xeres[obs3].
drunkard, sot, toper,
tippler, bibber[obs3], wine-bibber, lush; hard
drinker, gin drinker, dram drinker; soaker*, sponge,
tun; love pot, toss pot; thirsty soul, reveler, carouser,
Bacchanal, Bacchanalian; Bacchal[obs3], Bacchante[obs3];
— p. 334 —
#960. Purity. —
N. purity; decency, decorum, delicacy; continence,
chastity, honesty, virtue, modesty, shame; pudicity[obs3],
pucelage[obs3], virginity.
vestal, virgin, Joseph,
Hippolytus; Lucretia, Diana; prude.
Adj. pure, undefiled,
modest, delicate, decent, decorous; virginibus
puerisque[Lat]; simon-pure; chaste, continent, virtuous,
honest, Platonic.
virgin, unsullied; cherry
[coll.].
Phr. “as chaste
as unsunn’d snow” [Cymbeline]; “a
soul as white as
heaven” [Beaumonth & Fl.]; “’tis
Chastity, my brother, Chastity” [Milton]; “to
the pure all things are pure” [Shelley].
#961. Impurity.—
N. impurity; uncleanness &c. (filth) 653;
immodesty; grossness &c. adj.; indelicacy, indecency;
impudicity[obs3]; obscenity, ribaldry, Fescennine,
smut, bawdry[obs3], double entente, equivoque[Fr].
concupiscence, lust,
carnality, flesh, salacity; pruriency, lechery,
lasciviency[obs3], lubricity; Sadism, sapphism[obs3].
incontinence, intrigue,
faux pas[Fr]; amour, amourette[obs3];
gallantry; debauchery, libertinish[obs3], libertinage[obs3],
fornication; liaison; wenching, venery, dissipation.
seduction; defloration,
defilement, abuse, violation, rape; incest.
prostitution, social
evil, harlotry, stupration[obs3], whoredom,
concubinage, cuckoldom[obs3], adultery, advoutry[obs3],
crim[abbr]. con.; free love.
seraglio, harem; brothel,
bagnio[obs3], stew, bawdyhouse[obs3], cat
house, lupanar[obs3], house of ill fame, bordel[obs3],
bordello.
V. be impure &c. adj.;
intrigue; debauch, defile, seduce; prostitute;
abuse, violate, deflower; commit adultery &c.n.
Adj. impure; unclean
&c. (dirty) 653; not to be mentioned to ears
polite; immodest, shameless; indecorous, indelicate,
indecent; Fescennine; loose, risque [French], coarse,
gross, broad, free, equivocal, smutty, fulsome, ribald,
obscene, bawdy, pornographic.
concupiscent, prurient,
lickerish[obs3], rampant, lustful; carnal,
carnal-minded; lewd, lascivious, lecherous, libidinous,
erotic, ruttish, salacious; Paphian; voluptuous; goatish,
must, musty.
unchaste, light, wanton,
licentious, debauched, dissolute; of loose
character, of easy virtue; frail, gay, riggish[obs3],
incontinent, meretricious, rakish, gallant, dissipated;
no better than she should be; on the town, on the
streets, on the pave, on the loose.
adulterous, incestuous,
bestial.
#962. Libertine.
— N. libertine; voluptuary &c. 954a; rake,
debauchee, loose fish, rip, rakehell[obs3], fast man;
intrigant[obs3], gallant, seducer, fornicator, lecher,
satyr, goat, whoremonger, paillard[obs3], adulterer,
gay deceiver, Lothario, Don Juan, Bluebeard[obs3];
chartered libertine.
adulteress, advoutress[obs3],
courtesan, prostitute, strumpet, harlot,
whore, punk, fille de joie[Fr]; woman, woman of the
town; streetwalker, Cyprian, miss, piece[Fr]; frail
sisterhood; demirep, wench, trollop, trull[obs3],
baggage, hussy, drab, bitch, jade, skit, rig, quean[obs3],
mopsy[obs3], slut, minx, harridan; unfortunate, unfortunate
female, unfortunate woman; woman of easy virtue &c.
(unchaste) 961; wanton, fornicatress[obs3]; Jezebel,
Messalina, Delilah, Thais, Phryne, Aspasia[obs3],
Lais, lorette[obs3], cocotte[obs3], petite dame, grisette[obs3];
demimonde; chippy* [obs3][U.S.]; sapphist[obs3]; spiritual
wife; white slave.
concubine, mistress,
doxy[obs3], chere amie[Fr], bona roba[It].
pimp, procurer; pander,
pandar[obs3]; bawd, conciliatrix[obs3],
procuress[obs3], mackerel, wittol|.
— p. 335 —
% 5. INSTITUTIONS
%
#963. Legality.
— N. legality; legitimacy, legitimateness.
legislature; law, code,
corpus juris[Lat], constitution,
pandect[obs3], charter, enactment, statute, rule;
canon &c. (precept) 697; ordinance, institution, regulation;
bylaw, byelaw; decree &c. (order) 741; ordonnance[obs3];
standing order; plebiscite &c. (choice) 609.
legal process; form,
formula, formality; rite, arm of the law; habeas
corpus; fieri facias[Lat].
[Science of law] jurisprudence,
nomology[obs3]; legislation,
codification.
equity, common law;
lex[Lat], lex nonscripta[Lat][obs3]; law of
nations, droit des gens[Fr], international law, jus
gentium[Lat]; jus civile[Lat]; civil law, canon law,
crown law, criminal law, statute law, ecclesiastical
law, administrative law; lex mercatoria[Lat].
constitutionalism, constitutionality;
justice &c. 922.
[institution for deciding
questions of law] court, tribunal &c. 966.
[person who presides
at a court or tribunal] judge &c. 967.
[specialist in questions
of law] lawyer, attorney, legal counsel &c.
968.
V. legalize; enact,
ordain; decree &c. (order) 741; pass a law, enact
a regulation; legislate; codify, formulate; regulate.
Adj. legal, legitimate;
according to law; vested, constitutional,
chartered, legalized; lawful &c. (permitted) 760;
statutable[obs3], statutory; legislatorial, legislative;
regulatory, regulated.
Adv. legally &c. adj.;
in the eye of the law; de jure[Lat].
Phr. ignorantia legis
neminem excusat[Latin: ignorance of the law is
no excuse]; “where law ends tyranny begins”
[Earl of Chatham].
#964. [Absence or violation
of law.] Illegality. — N. lawlessness;
illicitness; breach of law, violation of law, infraction
of the law; disobedience &c. 742; unconformity &c.
83.
arbitrariness &c. adj.;
antinomy, violence, brute force, despotism,
outlawry.
mob law, lynch law,
club law, Lydford law, martial law, drumhead law;
coup d’etat[Fr]; le droit du plus fort[Fr];
argumentum baculinum[obs3][Lat].
illegality, informality,
unlawfulness, illegitimacy, bar sinister.
trover and conversion[Law];
smuggling, poaching; simony.
[person who violates
the law] outlaw, bad man &c. 949.
v. offend against the
law; violate the law, infringe the law, break
the law; set the law at defiance, ride roughshod over,
drive a coach and six through a statute; ignore the
law, make the law a dead letter, take the law into
one’s own hands.
smuggle, run, poach.
Adj. illegal[contrary
to law], unlawful, illegitimate; not allowed,
prohibited &c. 761; illicit, contraband; actionable.
unwarranted, unwarrantable;
unauthorized; informal, unofficial;
injudicial[obs3], extrajudicial.
lawless, arbitrary;
despotic, despotical[obs3]; corrupt, summary,
irresponsible; unanswerable, unaccountable.
[of invalid or expired
law] expired, invalid; unchartered,
unconstitutional; null and void; a dead letter.
[in absence of law]
lawless, unregulated
Adv. illegally &c. adj.;
with a high hand, in violation of law.
#965. Jurisdiction.
[Executive.] — N. jurisdiction, judicature,
administration of justice, soc; executive, commission
of the peace; magistracy &c. (authority) 737.
judge &c. 967; tribunal
&c. 966; municipality, corporation, bailiwick,
shrievalty[Brit]; lord lieutenant, sheriff, shire
reeve, shrieve[obs3], constable; selectman; police,
police force, the fuzz [sarcastic]; constabulary,
bumbledom[obs3], gendarmerie[Fr].
officer, bailiff, tipstaff,
bum-bailiff, catchpoll, beadle; policeman,
cop [coll.], police constable, police sergeant; sbirro[obs3],
alguazil[obs3], gendarme, kavass[obs3], lictor[obs3],
mace bearer, huissier[Fr], bedel[obs3]; tithingman[obs3].
press gang; exciseman[obs3],
gauger, gager[obs3], customhouse officer,
douanier[Fr].
coroner, edile[obs3],
aedile[obs3], portreeve[obs3], paritor|; posse
comitatus[Lat].
bureau, cutcherry[obs3],
department, secretariat.
[extension of jurisdiction]
long arm of the law, extradition.
V. judge, sit in judgment;
extradite.
Adj.
executive, administrative, municipal; inquisitorial,
causidical[obs3]; judicatory[obs3], judiciary, judicial;
juridical.
Adv. coram judice[Lat].
— p. 336 —
#966. Tribunal.
— N. tribunal, court, board, bench, judicatory[obs3];
court of justice, court of law, court of arbitration,
administrative court; inquisition; guild.
justice seat; judgment
seat, mercy seat; woolsack[obs3]; bar of
justice; dock; forum, hustings, bureau, drumhead;
jury box, witness box.
senate house, town hall,
theater; House of Commons, House of Lords;
statehouse [U.S.], townhouse.
assize, eyre; wardmote[obs3],
burghmote[obs3]; barmote[obs3]; superior
courts of Westminster; court of record, court oyer
and terminer[Law], court assize, court of appeal,
court of error; High court of Judicature, High court
of Appeal; Judicial Committee of the Privy Council;
Star Chamber; Court of Chancery, Court of King’s
or Queen’s Bench, Court of Exchequer, Court
of Common Pleas, Court of Probate, Court of Arches,
Court of Admiralty; Lords Justices’ court, Rolls
court, Vice Chancellor’s court, Stannary court[obs3],
Divorce court, Family court, Palatine court, county
court, district court, police court; sessions; quarter
sessions, petty sessions; court-leet[Fr], court-baron,
court of pie poudre[Fr], court of common council;
board of green cloth.
court martial; drumhead
court martial; durbar[obs3], divan;
Areopagus[obs3]; Irota.
Adj. judicial &c. 965;
appellate.
Phr. die Weltgeschichte
ist das Weltgericht[Ger].
#967. Judge. —
N. judge; justice, justiciar[obs3], justiciary[obs3];
chancellor; justice of assize, judge of assize; recorder,
common sergeant; puisne judge, assistant judge, county
court judge; conservator of the peace, justice of
the peace; J.P.; court &c. (tribunal) 966; magistrate,
police magistrate, beak*; his worship, his honor, his
lordship.
jury, twelve men in
a box.
Lord Chancellor, Lord
Justice; Master of the Rolls, Vice Chancellor;
Lord Chief Justice, Chief Baron; Mr. Justice, Associate
Justice, Chief Justice; Baron, Baron of the Exchequer.
jurat[Lat], assessor;
arbiter, arbitrator; umpire; referee,
referendary[obs3]; revising barrister; domesman[obs3];
censor &c. (critic) 480; barmaster[obs3], ephor[obs3];
grand juror, grand juryman; juryman, talesman.
archon, tribune, praetor,
syndic, podesta[obs3], mollah[obs3], ulema,
mufti, cadi[obs3], kadi[obs3]; Rhadamanthus[obs3].
litigant &c. (accusation)
938.
V. adjudge &c. (determine)
480; try a case, try a prisoner.
Adj. judicial &c. 965.
Phr. “a Daniel
come to judgment” [Merchant of Venice].
#968. Lawyer. —
N. lawyer, attorney, legal counsel; counsel,
counsellor, counsellor at law, attorney at law; jurist,
legist[obs3], civilian, pundit, publicist, juris consult[Lat],
legal adviser, advocate; barrister, barrister at law;
King’s or Queen’s counsel; K.C.; Q.C.;
silk gown, leader, sergeant-at-law, bencher; tubman[obs3],
judge &c. 967.
bar, legal profession,
bar association, association of trial lawyers;
officer of the court; gentleman of the long robe;
junior bar, outer bar, inner bar; equity draftsman,
conveyancer, pleader, special pleader.
solicitor, proctor;
notary, notary public; scrivener, cursitor[obs3];
writer, writer to the signet; S.S.C.; limb of the
law; pettifogger; vakil[obs3].
legal beagle [coll.].
[persons accessory to
lawyers] legal secretary; legal assistant; law
student.
V. practice law, practice
at the bar, practice within the bar; plead;
call to the bar, be called to the bar, be called within
the bar; take silk; take to the law.
give legal counsel,
provide legal counsel.
Adj. learned in the
law; at the bar; forensic; esquire, esquired.
Phr. banco regis[Lat].
#969. Lawsuit.—
N. lawsuit, suit, action, cause; litigation; suit in
law; dispute &c. 713.
citation, arraignment,
prosecution, impeachment; accusation &c. 938;
presentment, true bill, indictment.
apprehension, arrest;
committal; imprisonment &c. (restraint) 751.
writ, summons, subpoena,
latitat[obs3], nisi prius[Lat]; venire,
venire facias
pleadings[Lat]; declaration,
bill, claim; proces verbal[Fr]; bill of
right, information, corpus delicti; affidavit, state
of facts; answer, reply, replication, plea, demurrer,
rebutter, rejoinder; surrebutter[obs3], surrejoinder[obs3].
— p. 337 —
#970. Acquittal.—
N. acquittal, acquitment[obs3]; clearance,
exculpation; acquittance, clearance, exoneration;
discharge &c. (release) 750; quietus, absolution,
compurgation[obs3], reprieve, respite; pardon &c.
(forgiveness) 918.
[Exemption from punishment]
impunity; diplomatic immunity; immunity;
plea bargain, deal with the prosecutor.
[in civil suits] no
cause for action; no damages.
V. acquit, exculpate,
exonerate, clear; absolve, whitewash,
assoil[obs3]; discharge, release; liberate &c. 750.
reprieve, respite; pardon
&c. (forgive) 918; let off, let off scot-
free.
drop the charges.
plea bargain, strike
a deal.
no-cause[in
civil suits][transitive]; get no-caused[intransitive].
Adj. acquitted &c. v.;
uncondemned, unpunished, unchastised.
not guilty; not proven.
not liable.
Phr. nemo bis punitur
pro codem delicto[Lat][obs3].
#971. Condemnation.—
N. condemnation, conviction, judgment, penalty,
sentence; proscription, damnation; death warrant.
attainder, attainture[obs3],
attaintment[obs3].
V. condemn, convict,
cast, bring home to, find guilty, damn, doom,
sign the death warrant, sentence, pass sentence on,
attaint, confiscate, proscribe, sequestrate; nonsuit[obs3].
disapprove &c. 932;
accuse &c. 938.
stand condemned.
Adj. condemnatory, damnatory[obs3];
guilty, condemned &c.v.; nonsuited
&c. (failure) 732[obs3]; self-convicted.
Phr. mutato nomine de
te fabula narratur[Lat]; “unrespited, unpitied,
unreprieved” [P.L.].
#972. Punishment.—
N. punishment,punition[obs3]; chastisement,
chastening; correction, castigation.
discipline, infliction,
trial; judgment; penalty &c. 974; retribution;
thunderbolt, Nemesis; requital &c. (reward) 973; penology;
retributive justice.
lash, scaffold &c. (instrument
of punishment) 975; imprisonment &c.
(restraint) 751; transportation, banishment, expulsion,
exile, involuntary exile, ostracism; penal servitude,
hard labor; galleys &c. 975; beating &c.v.; flagellation,
fustigation[obs3], gantlet, strappado[obs3], estrapade[obs3],
bastinado, argumentum baculinum[Lat][obs3], stick law,
rap on the knuckles, box on the ear; blow &c. (impulse)
276; stripe, cuff, kick, buffet, pummel; slap, slap
in the face; wipe, douse; coup de grace; torture,
rack; picket, picketing; dragonnade[obs3].
capital punishment;
execution; lethal injection; the gas chamber;
hanging &c.v.; electrocution, rail-riding, scarpines[obs3];
decapitation, decollation[obs3]; garrotte, garrotto[It];
crucifixion, impalement; firing squad; martyrdom;
auto-da-fe[Fr]; noyade[obs3]; happy dispatch.
[suicide as punishment]
hara-kiri, seppuku [Japanese]; drinking the
hemlock.
V. punish; chastise,
chasten; castigate, correct, inflict punishment,
administer correction, deal retributive justice; cowhide,
lambaste*.
visit upon, pay; pay
out, serve out; do for; make short work of, give
a lesson to, serve one right, make an example of;
have a rod in pickle for; give it one.
strike &c. 276; deal
a blow to, administer the lash, smite; slap, slap
the face; smack, cuff, box the ears, spank, thwack,
thump, beat, lay on, swinge[obs3], buffet; thresh,
thrash, pummel, drub, leather, trounce, sandbag, baste,
belabor; lace, lace one’s jacket; dress, dress
down, give a dressing, trim, warm, wipe, tund[obs3],
cob, bang, strap, comb, lash, lick, larrup, wallop,
whop, flog, scourge, whip, birch, cane, give the stick,
switch, flagellate, horsewhip, bastinado, towel, rub
down with an oaken towel, rib roast, dust one’s
jacket, fustigate[obs3], pitch into, lay about one,
beat black and blue; beat to a mummy, beat to a jelly;
give a black eye.
tar and feather; pelt,
stone, lapidate[obs3]; masthead, keelhaul.
execute; bring to the
block, bring to the gallows; behead, decapitate,
guillotine; decollate; hang, turn off, gibbet, bowstring,
hang draw and quarter; shoot; decimate; burn; break
on the wheel, crucify; empale[obs3], impale; flay;
lynch; electrocute; gas, send to the gas chamber.
torture; put on, put
to the rack; picket.
banish, exile, transport,
expel, ostracize; rusticate; drum out;
dismiss, disbar, disbench[obs3]; strike off the roll,
unfrock; post.
suffer, suffer for,
suffer punishment; be flogged.
be executed, suffer
the ultimate penalty; be hanged &c., come to the
gallows, mount the gallows, swing [coll.], twist in
the wind, dance upon nothing, die in one’s shoes;
— p. 338 —
#973. Reward. —
N. reward, recompense, remuneration, meed,
guerdon[obs3], reguerdon|; price.
[payment for damage
or debt] indemnity, indemnification; quittance;
compensation; reparation, redress, satisfaction; reckoning,
acknowledgment, requital, amends, sop; atonement,
retribution; consideration, return, quid pro quo.
salvage, perquisite;
vail &c. (donation) 784[obs3].
douceur[Fr], bribe;
hush money, smart money|!; blackmail, extortion;
carcelage|; solatium[obs3].
allowance, salary, stipend,
wages, compensation; pay, payment;
emolument; tribute; batta[obs3], shot, scot; bonus,
premium, tip; fee, honorarium; hire; dasturi[obs3],
dustoori[obs3]; mileage.
crown &c. (decoration
of honor) 877.
V. reward, recompense,
repay, requite; remunerate, munerate[obs3];
compensate; fee; pay one’s footing &c. (pay)
807; make amends, indemnify, atone; satisfy, acknowledge.
get for one’s
pains, reap the fruits of.
tip.
Adj. remunerative, remuneratory;
munerary[obs3], compensatory,
retributive, reparatory[obs3]; rewarding; satisfactory.
Phr. fideli certa merces[Lat];
honor virtutis praemium [Lat][Cicero];
tibi seris tibi metis[Lat].
#974. Penalty.
— N. penalty; retribution &c. (punishment)
972; pain,
pains and penalties; weregild[obs3], wergild; peine
forte et dure[Fr]; penance &c. (atonement) 952; the
devil to pay.
fine, mulct, amercement;
forfeit, forfeiture; escheat[Law], damages,
deodand[obs3], sequestration, confiscation, premunire[Lat];
doomage [obs3][U.S.].
V. fine, mulct, amerce,
sconce, confiscate; sequestrate, sequester;
escheat[Law]; estreat[obs3], forfeit.
#975. [Instrument of
punishment.] Scourge. — N. scourge, rod,
cane,
stick; ratan[obs3], rattan; birch, birch rod; azote[obs3],
blacksnake[obs3], bullwhack [obs3][U.S.], chicote[obs3],
kurbash[obs3], quirt, rawhide, sjambok[obs3]; rod
in pickle; switch, ferule, cudgel, truncheon.
whip, bullwhip, lash,
strap, thong, cowhide, knout; cat, cat o’nine
tails; rope’s end.
pillory, stocks, whipping
post; cucking stool[obs3], ducking stool;
brank[obs3]; trebuchet[obs3], trebuket[obs3].
triangle[instruments
of torture: list], wooden horse, iron maiden,
thumbscrew, boot, rack, wheel, iron heel; chinese
water torture.
treadmill, crank, galleys.
— p. 339 — % SECTION V. RELIGIOUS AFFECTIONS
1. SUPERHUMAN BEINGS AND REGIONS %
#976. Deity. —
N. Deity, Divinity; Godhead, Godship[obs3];
Omnipotence, Providence; Heaven [metonymically].
[Quality of being divine]
divineness[obs3], divinity.
God, Lord, Jehovah,
Jahweh, Allah[obs3]; The Almighty, The Supreme
Being, The First Cause, the Prime Mover; Ens Entium[Lat];
Author of all things, Creator of all things; Author
of our being; Cosmoplast[obs3]; El; The Infinite,
The Eternal; The All-powerful, The All-wise, The All-merciful,
The All-holy.
[Attributes and perfections]
infinite power, infinite wisdom, infinite
goodness, infinite justice, infinite truth, infinite
mercy; omnipotence, omniscience, omnipresence; unity,
immutability, holiness, glory, majesty, sovereignty,
infinity, eternity.
The Trinity, The Holy
Trinity, The Trinity in Unity, The Triune God,
God the Father Son and Holy Ghost.
God the Father; The
Maker, The Creator, The Preserver.
[Functions] creation,
preservation, divine government; Theocracy,
Thearchy[obs3]; providence; ways of Providence, dealings
of Providence, dispensations of Providence, visitations
of Providence.
[Christian God:
second person] God the Son, Jesus, Christ; The
Messiah, The Anointed, The Saviour, the Redeemer,
The Mediator, The Intercessor, The Advocate, The Judge;
The Son of God, The Son of Man, The Son of David;
The Lamb of God, The Word; Logos; Emmanuel; Immanuel;
The King of Kings and Lord of Lords, The King of Glory,
The Prince of Peace, The Good Shepherd, The Way, The
Truth, The Life, The Bread of Life, The Light of the
World; The Lord our, The Sun of Righteousness; “The
Pilot of the Galilean lake” [Milton].
The Incarnation, The
Hypostatic Union.
[Functions] salvation,
redemption, atonement, propitiation, mediation,
intercession, judgment.
[Christian God:
third person] God the Holy Ghost, The Holy Spirit,
Paraclete[Theol]; The Comforter, The Spirit of Truth,
The Dove.
[Functions] inspiration,
unction, regeneration, sanctification,
consolation.
eon, aeon, special providence,
deus ex machina[Lat]; avatar.
V. create, move, uphold,
preserve, govern &c.
atone, redeem, save,
propitiate, mediate &c.
predestinate, elect,
call, ordain, bless, justify, sanctify, glorify
&c.
Adj. almighty, holy,
hallowed, sacred, divine, heavenly, celestial;
sacrosanct; all-knowing, all-seeing, all-wise; omniscient.
superhuman, supernatural;
#977. [Beneficent spirits]
Angel.— N. angel, archangel; guardian
angel; heavenly host, host of heaven, sons of God;
seraph, seraphim; cherub, cherubim.
ministering spirit,
morning star.
saint, patron saint,
Madonna; invisible helpers.
Adj. angelic, seraphic,
cherubic; saintly.
#978. [Maleficent spirits.]
Satan.— N. Satan, the Devil, Lucifer,
Mephistopheles, Ahriman[obs3], Belial; Samael, Zamiel,
Beelzebub, the Prince of the Devils.
the tempter[1]; the
evil one, the evil spirit; the Adversary; the
archenemy; the author of evil, the wicked one, the
old Serpent; the Prince of darkness, the Prince of
this world, the Prince of the power of the air; the
foul fiend, the arch fiend; the devil incarnate; the
common enemy, the angel of the bottomless pit; Abaddon[obs3],
Apollyon[obs3].
fallen angels, unclean
spirits, devils; the rulers, the powers of
darkness; inhabitants of Pandemonium; demon &c. 980.
diabolism; devilism[obs3],
devilship[obs3]; diabolology[obs3];
satanism, devil worship; manicheism; the cloven foot.
Adj. satanic, diabolic,
devilish; infernal, hellborn[obs3].
[1-The slang expressions
“the deuce, dickens, old Gentleman; old Nick,
old Scratch, old Horny, old Harry, old Gooseberry,”
have not been inserted in the text.].
— p. 340 — —
I’m not sure whether this is supposed to be number
two, but I can’t
find any other piece for it
(previous 1., next 3.).
Sampo Niskanen sampo.niskanen@iki.fi
—>
% 2. Mythological and other fabulous Deities
and Powers
% — break this into serious deities and fairies —
#979. Jupiter.—
N. god, goddess; heathen gods and goddesses;
deva[obs3]; Jupiter, Jove &c.; pantheon.
Allah[obs3], Bathala[obs3],
Brahm[obs3], Brahma[obs3], Brahma[obs3],
cloud-compeller, Devi, Durga, Kali, oread[obs3], the
Great Spirit, Ushas; water nymph, wood nymph; Yama,
Varuna, Zeus; Vishnu[Hindu deities], Siva, Shiva,
Krishna, Juggernath[obs3], Buddha; Isis[Egyptian deities],
Osiris, Ra; Belus, Bel, Baal[obs3], Asteroth &c.[obs3];
Thor[Norse deities], Odin; Mumbo Jumbo; good genius,
tutelary genius; demiurge, familiar; sibyl; fairy,
fay; sylph,, sylphid; Ariel[obs3], peri, nymph, nereid,
dryad, seamaid, banshee, benshie[obs3], Ormuzd; Oberon,
Mab, hamadryad[obs3], naiad, mermaid, kelpie[obs3],
Ondine, nixie, sprite; denizens of the air; pixy &c.
(bad spirit) 980.
mythology; heathen-mythology,
fairy-mythology; Lempriere, folklore.
Adj. god-like, fairy-like;
sylph-like; sylphic[obs3].
Phr. “you moonshine
revelers and shades of night” [Merry Wives].
#980. Demon.—
N. demon, daemon, demonry[obs3], demonology; evil
genius, fiend, familiar, daeva[obs3], devil; bad spirit,
unclean spirit; cacodemon[obs3], incubus, Eblis, shaitan[obs3],
succubus, succuba; Frankenstein’s monster; Titan,
Shedim, Mephistopheles, Asmodeus[obs3], Moloch, Belial,
Ahriman[obs3]; fury, harpy; Friar Rush.
vampire, ghoul; afreet[obs3],
barghest[obs3], Loki; ogre, ogress;
gnome, gin, jinn, imp, deev[obs3], lamia[obs3]; bogie,
bogeyman, bogle[obs3]; nis[obs3], kobold[obs3], flibbertigibbet,
fairy, brownie, pixy, elf, dwarf, urchin; Puck, Robin
Goodfellow; leprechaun, Cluricaune[obs3], troll, dwerger[obs3],
sprite, ouphe[obs3], bad fairy, nix, nixie, pigwidgeon[obs3],
will-o’-the wisp.
[Supernatural appearance]
ghost, revenant, specter, apparition,
spirit, shade, shadow, vision; hobglobin, goblin,
orc; wraith, spook, boggart[obs3], banshee, loup-garou[Fr],
lemures[obs3]; evil eye.
merman, mermaid, merfolk[obs3];
siren; satyr, faun; manito[obs3],
manitou, manitu.
possession, demonic
possession, diabolic possession; insanity &c.503.
[in jest, in science]
Maxwell’s demon.
[person possessed by
a demon] demoniac.
Adj. demonic, demonical,
impish, demoniacal; fiendish, fiend-like;
supernatural, weird, uncanny, unearthly, spectral;
ghostly, ghost-like; elfin, elvin[obs3], elfish, elflike[obs3];
haunted; pokerish [obs3][U.S.].
possessed, possessed
by a devil, possessed by a demon.
Adv. demonically.
#981. Heaven.—
N. heaven; kingdom of heaven, kingdom of God; heavenly
kingdom; throne of God; presence of God; inheritance
of the saints in light.
Paradise, Eden, Zion,
abode of the blessed; celestial bliss, glory.
[Mythological heaven]
Olympus; Elysium[paradise], Elysian fields,
Arcadia[obs3], bowers of bliss, garden of the Hesperides,
third heaven; Valhalla, Walhalla (Scandinavian); Nirvana
(Buddhist); happy hunting grounds; Alfardaws[obs3],
Assama[obs3]; Falak al aflak “the highest heaven”
(Mohammedan)[Arabic][Arab].
future state, eternal
home, eternal reward.
resurrection, translation;
resuscitation &c. 660.
apotheosis, deification.
Adj. heavenly, celestial,
supernal, unearthly, from on high,
paradisiacal, beatific, elysian.
Phr. “looks through
nature up to the nature’s god” [Pope];
“the great
world;s altarstairs, that slope through darkness up
to God” [Tennyson]; “the treasury of everlasting
joy” [Henry VI]; vigeur de dessus[Fr].
#982. Hell. —
N. hell, bottomless pit, place of torment; habitation
of fallen angels; Pandemonium, Abaddon[obs3], Domdaniel;
jahannan[obs3], sheol[obs3].
hell fire; everlasting
fire, everlasting torment, eternal damnation;
lake of fire and brimstone; fire that is never quenched;
worm that never dies.
purgatory, limbo, gehenna,
abyss.
[Mythological hell]
— p. 341 —
#983. [Religious Knowledge.]
Theology.— N. theology (natural and
revealed); theogony[obs3], theosophy; divinity; hagiology,
hagiography; Caucasian mystery; monotheism; religion;
religious persuasion, religious sect, religious denomination;
creed &c. (belief) 484; article of faith, declaration
of faith, profession of faith, confession of faith.
theologue, theologian;
scholastic, divine, schoolman[obs3], canonist,
theologist[obs3]; the Fathers.
Adj. theological, religious;
denominational; sectarian &c. 984.
#983a. Orthodoxy.—
N. orthodoxy; strictness, soundness, religious
truth, true faith; truth &c. 494; soundness of doctrine.
Christianity, Christianism[obs3];
Catholicism, Catholicity; “the faith
once delivered to the saints”; hyperorthodoxy
&c. 984[obs3]; iconoclasm.
The Church; Catholic
Church, Universal Church, Apostolic Church,
Established Church; temple of the Holy Ghost; Church
of Christ, body of Christ, members of Christ, disciples
of Christ, followers of Christ; Christian, Christian
community; true believer; canonist &c. (theologian)
983; Christendom, collective body of Christians.
canons &c. (belief)
484; thirty nine articles; Apostles’ Creed, Nicene
Creed, Athanasian Creed[obs3]; Church Catechism; textuary[obs3].
Adj. orthodox, sound,
strick[obs3], faithful, catholic,
schismless[obs3], Christian, evangelical, scriptural,
divine, monotheistic; true &c. 494.
Phr. of the true faith.
#984. Heterodoxy.
[Sectarianism.]— N. heterodoxy; error &c.
495;
false doctrine, heresy, schism; schismaticism[obs3],
schismaticalness; recusancy, backsliding, apostasy;
atheism &c. (irreligion) 989[obs3].
bigotry &c. (obstinacy)
606; fanaticism, iconoclasm;
hyperorthodoxy[obs3], precisianism[obs3], bibliolatry[obs3],
sabbatarianism[obs3], puritanism; anthropomorphism;
idolatry &c. 991; superstition &c. (credulity) 486;
dissent &c. 489.
sectarism[obs3], sectarianism;
noncomformity[obs3]; secularism;
syncretism[obs3], religious sects.
protestantism, Arianism[obs3],
Adventism, Jansenism, Stundism[obs3],
Erastianism[obs3], Calvinism, quakerism[obs3], methodism,
anabaptism[obs3], Puseyism, tractarianism[obs3], ritualism,
Origenism, Sabellianism, Socinianism[obs3], Deism,
Theism, materialism, positivism, latitudinarianism
&c.
High Church, Low Church,
Broad Church, Free Church;
ultramontanism[obs3]; papism, papistry; monkery[obs3];
papacy; Anglicanism, Catholicism, Romanism; popery,
— p. 342 —
#985. Judeo-Christian
Revelation.— N. revelation, inspiration,
afflatus; theophany[obs3], theopneusty[obs3].
Word, Word of God; Scripture;
the Scriptures, the Bible; Holy Writ,
Holy Scriptures; inspired writings, Gospel.
Old Testament, Septuagint,
Vulgate, Pentateuch; Octateuch; the Law,
the Jewish Law, the Prophets; major Prophets, minor
Prophets; Hagiographa, Hagiology; Hierographa[obs3];
Apocrypha.
New Testament; Gospels,
Evangelists, Acts, Epistles, Apocalypse,
Revelations.
Talmud; Mishna, Masorah.
prophet &c. (seer) 513;
evangelist, apostle, disciple, saint; the
Fathers, the Apostolical Fathers[obs3]; Holy Men of
old, inspired penmen.
Adj. scriptural, biblical,
sacred, prophetic; evangelical,
evangelistic; apostolic, apostolical[obs3]; inspired,
theopneustic[obs3], theophneusted[obs3], apocalyptic,
ecclesiastical, canonical, textuary[obs3].
#986. Pseudo-Revelation.—
N. the Koran, the Alcoran[obs3];
Lyking[obs3], Vedas, Zendavesta, Avesta[obs3], Sastra,
Shastra, Tantra[obs3], Upanishads, Purana, Edda; Book
of Mormon.
[Non-Biblical prophets
and religious founders] Gautama, Buddha;
Zoroaster, Confucius, Bab-ed-Din[obs3], Mohammed.
[Idols] golden calf
&c. 991; Baal[obs3], Moloch, Dagon.
% 3. RELIGIOUS SENTIMENTS %
#987. Piety.—
N. piety, religion, theism, faith; religiousness,
holiness &c. adj.; saintship[obs3]; religionism[obs3];
sanctimony &c. (assumed piety) 988; reverence &c.
(respect) 928; humility, veneration, devotion; prostration
&c. (worship) 990; grace, unction, edification; sanctity,
sanctitude[obs3]; consecration.
spiritual existence,
odor of sanctity, beauty of holiness.
theopathy[obs3], beatification,
adoption, regeneration, conversion,
justification, sanctification, salvation, inspiration,
bread of life; Body and Blood of Christ.
believer, convert, theist,
Christian, devotee, pietist[obs3]; the
good, the righteous, the just, the believing, the
elect; Saint, Madonna, Notre Dame[Fr], Our Lady.
the children of God,
the children of the Kingdom, the children of the
light.
V. be pious &c. adj.;
have faith &c. n.; believe, receive Christ;
revere &c. 928; be converted &c.
convert, edify, sanctify,
keep holy, beatify, regenerate, inspire,
consecrate, enshrine.
Adj. pious, religious,
devout, devoted, reverent, godly, heavenly-
minded, humble, pure, holy, spiritual, pietistic;
saintly, saint-like; seraphic, sacred, solemn.
believing, faithful,
Christian, Catholic.
elected, adopted, justified,
sanctified, regenerated, inspired,
consecrated, converted, unearthly, not of the earth.
Phr. ne vile fano[It];
“pure-eyed Faith . . . thou hovering angel girt
with golden wings” [Milton].
— p. 343 —
#988. Impiety.—
N. impiety; sin &c. 945; irreverence; profaneness &c.
adj.; profanity, profanation; blasphemy, desecration,
sacrilege; scoffing &c.v.
[feigned piety] hypocrisy
&c. (falsehood) 544; pietism, cant, pious
fraud; lip devotion, lip service, lip reverence; misdevotion[obs3],
formalism, austerity; sanctimony, sanctimoniousness
&c. adj; pharisaism, precisianism[obs3]; sabbatism[obs3],
sabbatarianism[obs3]; odium theologicum[Lat], sacerdotalism[obs3];
bigotry &c. (obstinacy) 606, (prejudice) 481; blue
laws.
hardening, backsliding,
declension, perversion, reprobation.
sinner &c. 949; scoffer,
blasphemer; sacrilegist[obs3]; sabbath
breaker; worldling; hypocrite &c. (dissembler) 548;
Tartufe[obs3], Mawworm[obs3].
bigot; saint [ironically];
Pharisee; sabbatarian[obs3], formalist,
methodist, puritan, pietist[obs3], precisian[obs3],
religionist, devotee; ranter, fanatic, juramentado[obs3].
the wicked, the evil,
the unjust, the reprobate; sons of men, sons of
Belial, the wicked one; children of darkness.
V. be impious &c. adj.,
profane, desecrate, blaspheme, revile, scoff;
swear &c. (malediction) 908; commit sacrilege.
snuffle; turn up the
whites of the eyes; idolize.
Adj. impious; irreligious
&c. 989; desecrating &c.v.; profane,
irreverent, sacrilegious, blasphemous.
un-hallowed, un-sanctified,
un-regenerate; hardened, perverted,
reprobate.
hypocritical &c. (false)
544; canting, pietistical[obs3],
sanctimonious, unctuous, pharisaical, overrighteous[obs3],
righteous over much.
bigoted, fanatical;
priest-ridden.
Adv. under the mask
of religion, under the cloak of religion, under
the pretense of religion, under the form of religion,
under the guise of religion.
Phr. giovane santo diavolo
vecchio[It].
#989. Irreligion.—
N. irreligion[obs3], indevotion[obs3];
godlessness, ungodliness &c. adj.; laxity, quietism.
skepticism, doubt; unbelief,
disbelief; incredulity, incredulousness
&c. adj[obs3].; want of faith, want of belief; pyrrhonism;
bout &c. 485; agnosticism.
atheism; deism; hylotheism[obs3];
materialism; positivism; nihilism.
infidelity, freethinking,
antichristianity[obs3], rationalism;
neology.
[person who is not religious]
atheist, skeptic, unbeliever, deist,
infidel, pyrrhonist; giaour[obs3], heathen, alien,
gentile, Nazarene; espri fort[Fr], freethinker, latitudinarian,
rationalist; materialist, positivist, nihilist, agnostic,
somatist[obs3], theophobist[obs3].
V. be irreligious &c.
adj.; disbelieve, lack faith; doubt, question
&c. 485.
dechristianize[obs3].
Adj. irreligious; indevout[obs3];
undevout[obs3]; devoutless[obs3],
godless, graceless; ungodly, unholy, unsanctified[obs3],
unhallowed; atheistic, without God.
skeptical, freethinking;
unbelieving, unconverted; incredulous,
faithless, lacking faith; deistical; unchristian,
antichristian[obs3].
worldly, mundane, earthly,
carnal; worldly &c. minded.
Adv. irreligiously &c.
adj.
% 4. ACTS OF RELIGION %
#990. Worship.—
N. worship, adoration, devotion, aspiration, homage,
service, humiliation; kneeling, genuflection, prostration.
prayer, invocation,
supplication, rogation, intercession, orison, holy
breathing; petition &c. (request) 765; collect, litany,
Lord’s prayer, paternoster[Lat]; beadroll[obs3];
latria[obs3], dulia[obs3], hyperdulia[obs3], vigils;
revival; cult; anxious meeting, camp meeting; ebenezer,
virginal.
thanksgiving; giving
thanks, returning thanks; grace, praise,
glorification, benediction, doxology, hosanna; hallelujah,
allelujah[obs3]; Te Deum[Lat], non nobis Domine[Lat],
nunc dimittis[Lat]; paean; benschen[Ger]; Ave Maria,
O Salutaris, Sanctus[Lat], The Annunciation, Tersanctus,
Trisagion.
psalm, psalmody; hymn,
plain song, chant, chaunt, response, anthem,
motet; antiphon[obs3], antiphony.
oblation, sacrifice,
incense, libation; burnt offering, heave
offering, votive offering; offertory.
discipline; self-discipline,
self-examination, self-denial; fasting.
divine service, office,
duty; exercises; morning prayer; mass, matins,
evensong, vespers; undernsong[obs3], tierce[obs3];
holyday &c. (rites) 998.
worshipper, congregation,
communicant, celebrant.
V. worship, lift up
the heart, aspire; revere &c. 928; adore, do
service, pay homage; humble oneself, kneel; bow the
knee, bend the knee; fall down, fall on one’s
knees; prostrate oneself, bow down and worship.
pray, invoke, supplicate;
put up, offer up prayers, offer petitions;
beseech &c. (ask) 765; say one’s prayers, tell
one’s beads.
return thanks, give
thanks; say grace, bless, praise, laud, glorify,
magnify, sing praises; give benediction, lead the
choir, intone; deacon, deacon off
propitiate[U.S.], offer
sacrifice, fast, deny oneself; vow, offer
vows, give alms.
work out one’s
salvation; go to church; attend service, attend mass;
communicate &c. (rite) 998.
Adj. worshipping &c.v.;
devout, devotional, reverent, pure, solemn;
fervid &c. (heartfelt) 821.
Int. hallelujah, allelujah[obs3]!
hosanna! glory be to God! O Lord!
pray God that! God grant, God bless, God save,
God forbid! sursum corda [Lat].
Phr. “making their
lives a prayer” [Whittier]; ora et labora[Lat];
“prayers ardent open heaven” [Young].
— p. 344 —
#991. Idolatry.
— N. idolatry, idolism[obs3]; demonism[obs3],
demonolatry[obs3]; idol-worship, demon-worship, devil-worship,
fire-worship; zoolatry, fetishism, fetichism; ecclesiolatry[obs3],
heliolatry, Mariolatry, Bibliolatry[obs3].
deification, apotheosis,
canonization; hero worship.
sacrifices, hecatomb,
holocaust; human sacrifices, immolation,
mactation[obs3], infanticide, self-immolation, suttee.
idol, golden calf, graven
image, fetich, avatar, Juggernath[obs3],
lares et penates[Lat]; Baal &c. 986[obs3].
V. worship idols, worship
pictures, worship relics; deify, canonize.
Adj. idolatrous.
Phr. adorer le veau
d’or[Fr].
#992. Sorcery.—
N. sorcery; occult art, occult sciences; magic, the
black art, necromancy, theurgy, thaumaturgy[obs3];
demonology, demonomy[obs3], demonship[obs3]; diablerie[Fr],
bedevilment; witchcraft, witchery; glamor; fetishism,
fetichism, feticism[obs3]; ghost dance, hoodoo; obi,
obiism[obs3]; voodoo, voodooism; Shamanism [Esquimaux],
vampirism; conjuration; bewitchery, exorcism, enchantment,
mysticism, second sight, mesmerism, animal magnetism;
od force, odylic force[obs3]; electrobiology[obs3],
clairvoyance; spiritualism, spirit rapping, table
turning.
divination &c. (prediction)
511; sortilege[obs3], ordeal, sortes
Virgilianae[obs3]; hocus-pocus &c. (deception) 545.
V. practice sorcery
&c.n.; cast a nativity, conjure, exorcise, charm,
enchant; bewitch, bedevil; hoodoo, voodoo; entrance,
mesmerize, magnetize; fascinate &c. (influence) 615;
taboo; wave a wand; rub the ring, rub the lamp; cast
a spell; call up spirits, call up spirits from the
vasty deep; raise spirits from the dead.
Adj. magic, magical;
mystic, weird, cabalistic, talismanic,
phylacteric[obs3], incantatory; charmed &c. v.; Circean,
odylic[obs3], voodoo.
#993. Spell.—
N. spell, charm, incantation, exorcism, weird,
cabala[obs3], exsufflation|, cantrap[obs3], runes,
abracadabra, open sesame, countercharm[obs3], Ephesian
letters, bell book and candle, Mumbo Jumbo, evil eye,
fee-faw-fum.
talisman, amulet, periapt[obs3],
telesm[obs3], phylactery, philter;
fetich, fetish; agnus Dei[Latin: lamb of God];
furcula[obs3], madstone[obs3]; mascot, mascotte[obs3];
merrythought[obs3]; Om, Aum[obs3]; scarab, scarabaeus[obs3];
sudarium[obs3], triskelion, veronica, wishbone; swastika,
fylfot[obs3], gammadion[obs3].
wand, caduceus, rod,
divining rod, lamp of Aladdin[obs3]; wishing-cap,
Fortunatus’s cap.
#994. Sorcerer.—
N. sorcerer, magician; thaumaturgist[obs3],
theurgist; conjuror, necromancer, seer, wizard, witch;
hoodoo, voodoo; fairy &c. 980; lamia[obs3], hag.
warlock, charmer, exorcist,
mage[obs3]; cunning man, medicine man;
Shaman, figure flinger, ecstatica[obs3]; medium, clairvoyant,
fortune teller; mesmerist; deus ex machina[Lat];
soothsayer &c. 513.
Katerfelto, Cagliostro,
Mesmer, Rosicrucian; Circe, siren, weird
sisters.
— p. 345 —
% 5. RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS %
#995. Churchdom.—
N. church, churchdom; ministry, apostleship[obs3],
priesthood, prelacy, hierarch[obs3], church government,
christendom, pale of the church.
clericalism, sacerdotalism[obs3],
episcopalianism,
ultramontanism[obs3]; theocracy; ecclesiology[obs3],
ecclesiologist[obs3]; priestcraft[obs3], odium theologicum[Lat].
monachism[obs3], monachy[obs3];
monasticism, monkhood[obs3].
[Ecclesiastical offices
and dignities] pontificate, primacy,
archbishopric[obs3], archiepiscopacy[obs3]; prelacy;
#996. Clergy.—
N. clergy, clericals, ministry, priesthood,
presbytery, the cloth, the desk.
clergyman, divine, ecclesiastic,
churchman, priest, presbyter,
hierophant[obs3], pastor, shepherd, minister; father,
father in Christ; padre, abbe, cure; patriarch; reverend;
black coat; confessor.
dignitaries of the church;
ecclesiarch[obs3], hierarch[obs3];
ebdomarius[Lat]; eminence, reverence, elder, primate,
metropolitan, archbishop, bishop, prelate, diocesan,
suffragan[obs3], dean, subdean[obs3], archdeacon,
prebendary, canon, rural dean, rector, parson, vicar,
perpetual curate, residentiary[obs3], beneficiary,
incumbent, chaplain, curate; deacon, deaconess; preacher,
reader, lecturer; capitular[obs3]; missionary, propagandist,
Jesuit, revivalist, field preacher.
churchwarden, sidesman[obs3];
clerk, precentor[obs3], choir; almoner,
suisse[Fr], verger, beadle, sexton, sacristan; acolyth[obs3],
acolothyst[obs3], acolyte, altar boy; chorister.
[Roman Catholic priesthood]
Pope, Papa, pontiff, high priest,
cardinal; ancient flamen[obs3], flamen[obs3]; confessor,
penitentiary; spiritual director.
cenobite, conventual,
abbot, prior, monk, friar, lay brother,
beadsman[obs3], mendicant, pilgrim, palmer; canon
regular, canon secular; Franciscan, Friars minor,
Minorites; Observant, Capuchin, Dominican, Carmelite;
Augustinian[obs3]; Gilbertine; Austin Friars[obs3],
Black Friars, White Friars, Gray Friars, Crossed Friars,
Crutched Friars; Bonhomme[Fr], Carthusian, Benedictine[obs3],
Cistercian, Trappist, Cluniac, Premonstatensian, Maturine;
Templar, Hospitaler; Bernardine[obs3], Lorettine,
pillarist[obs3], stylite[obs3].
#997. Laity. —
N. laity, flock, fold, congregation, assembly,
brethren, people; society [U.S.].
temporality, secularization.
layman, civilian; parishioner,
catechumen; secularist.
V. secularize.
Adj. secular, lay, laical,
civil, temporal, profane.
#998. Rite.—
N. rite; ceremony, ritual, liturgy, ceremonial;
ordinance, observance, function, duty; form, formulary;
solemnity, sacrament; incantation &c. (spell) 993;
service, psalmody &c. (worship) 990.
ministration; preaching,
preachment; predication, sermon, homily,
lecture, discourse, pastoral.
[Christian ritual for
induction into the faith] baptism, christening,
chrism; circumcision; baptismal regeneration; font.
confirmation; imposition
of hands, laying on of hands; ordination &c.
(churchdom) 995; excommunication.
[Jewish rituals] Bar
Mitzvah, Bas Mitzvah[Fr], Bris.
Eucharist, Lord’s
supper, communion; the sacrament, the holy
sacrament; celebration, high celebration; missa cantata[Lat];
asperges[obs3]; offertory; introit; consecration; consubstantiation,
transubstantiation; real presence; elements; mass;
high mass, low mass, dry mass.
matrimony &c. 903; burial
&c. 363; visitation of the sick.
seven sacraments, impanation[obs3],
subpanation[obs3], extreme
unction, viaticum, invocation of saints, canonization,
transfiguration, auricular confession; maceration,
flagellation, sackcloth and ashes; penance &c. (atonement)
952; telling of beads, processional; thurification[obs3],
incense, holy water, aspersion.
relics, rosary, beads,
reliquary, host, cross, rood, crucifix,
pax[Lat], pyx, agnus Dei[Lat], censer, thurible, patera[obs3];
eileton[obs3], Holy Grail; prayer machine, prayer wheel;
Sangraal[obs3], urceus[obs3].
ritualism, ceremonialism;
sabbatism[obs3], sabbatarianism[obs3];
ritualist, sabbatarian[obs3].
holyday, feast, fast.
[Christian holy days]
Sabbath, Pentecost; Advent, Christmas, Epiphany;
Lent; Passion week, Holy week; Easter, Easter Sunday,
Whitsuntide; agape, Ascension Day, Candlemas[obs3],
Ash Wednesday, Good Friday, Holy Thursday; Lammas,
Martinmas, Michaelmas; All SAint’s DAy, All Souls’
Day
[Moslem holy days] Ramadan,
#999. Canonicals. — N. canonicals, vestments; robe, gown, Geneva gown frock, pallium, surplice, cassock, dalmatic[obs3], scapulary[obs3], cope, mozetta[obs3], scarf, tunicle[obs3], chasuble, alb[obs3], alba[obs3], stole; fanon[obs3], fannel[obs3]; tonsure, cowl, hood; calote[obs3], calotte[obs3]; bands; capouch[obs3], amice[obs3]; vagas[obs3], vakas[obs3], vakass[obs3]; apron, lawn sleeves, pontificals[obs3], pall; miter, tiara, triple crown; shovel hat, cardinal’s hat; biretta; crosier; pastoral staff, thurifer[obs3]; costume &c. 225.
#1000. Temple.—
N. place of worship; house of God, house of prayer.
temple, cathedral, minster[obs3],
church, kirk, chapel, meetinghouse,
bethel[obs3], tabernacle, conventicle, basilica, fane[obs3],
holy place, chantry[obs3], oratory.
synagogue; mosque; marabout[obs3];
pantheon; pagoda; joss house[obs3];
dogobah[obs3], tope; kiosk; kiack[obs3], masjid[obs3].
[clergymen’s residence]
parsonage, rectory, vicarage, manse, deanery,
glebe; Vatican; bishop’s palace; Lambeth.
altar, shrine, sanctuary,
Holy of Holies, sanctum sanctorum[Lat],
sacristy; sacrarium[obs3]; communion table, holy table,
Lord’s table; table of the Lord; pyx; baptistery,
font; piscina[obs3], stoup; aumbry[obs3]; sedile[obs3];
reredos; rood loft, rood screen.
[parts of a church:
list] chancel, quire, choir, nave, aisle,
transept, vestry, crypt, golgotha, calvary, Easter
sepulcher; stall, pew; pulpit, ambo[obs3], lectern,
reading desk, confessional, prothesis[obs3], credence,
baldachin, baldacchino[obs3]; apse, belfry; chapter
house; presbytery; anxious-bench, anxious-seat; diaconicum[Lat],
jube[obs3]; mourner’s bench, mourner’s
seat.
[exterior adjacent to
a church] cloisters, churchyard.
monastery, priory, abbey,
friary, convent, nunnery, cloister.
Adj. claustral, cloistered;
monastic, monasterial; conventual.
Phr. ne vile fano[It];
“there’s nothing ill can dwell in such
a
temple” [tempest].