Now, all this brings us to the last step in the evolution of a perfect hypocrite out of a simple formalist.  The perfect and finished hypocrite is not your commonplace and vulgar scoundrel of the playwright and the penny-novelist type; the finest hypocrite is a character their art cannot touch.  ‘The worst of hypocrites,’ Rutherford goes on to say, ’is he who whitens himself till he deceives himself.  It is strange that a man hath such power over himself.  But a man’s heart may deceive his heart, and he may persuade himself that he is godly and righteous when he knows nothing about it.’  ‘Preaching in a certain place,’ says Boston, ’after supper the mistress of the house told me how I had terrified God’s people.  This was by my doctrine of self-love, self-righteousness, self-ends, and such like.  She restricted hypocrites to that sort that do all things to be seen of men, and harped much on this—­how can one be a hypocrite who hates hypocrisy in other people? how can one be a hypocrite and not know it?  All this led me to see the need of such doctrine.’  And if only to show you that this is not the dismal doctrine of antediluvian Presbyterians only, Canon Mozley says:  ’The Pharisee did not know that he was a Pharisee; if he had known it he would not have been a Pharisee.  He does not know that he is a hypocrite.  The vulgar hypocrite knows that he is a hypocrite because he deceives others, but the true Scripture hypocrite deceives himself.’  And the most subtle teacher of our century, or of any century, has said:  ’What is a hypocrite?  We are apt to understand by a hypocrite one who makes a profession of religion for secret ends without practising what he professes; who is malevolent, covetous, or profligate, while he assumes an outward sanctity in his words and conduct, and who does so deliberately, deceiving others, and not at all self-deceived.  But this is not what our Saviour seems to have meant by a hypocrite; nor were the Pharisees such.  The Pharisees deceived themselves as well as others.  Indeed, it is not in human nature to deceive others for any long time without in a measure deceiving ourselves also.  When they began, each in his turn, to deceive the people, they were not at the moment self-deceived.  But by degrees they forgot that outward ceremonies avail nothing without inward purity.  They did not know themselves, and they unawares deceived themselves as well as the people.’  What a terrible light, as of the last day itself, does all that cast upon the formalisms and the hypocrisies of which our own religious life is full!  And what a terrible light it casts on those miserable men who are complete and finished in their self-deception!  For the complete and finished hypocrite is not he who thinks that he is better than all other men; that is hopeless enough; but the paragon of hypocrisy is he who does not know that he is worse than all other men.  And in his stone-blindness to himself, and consequently to all reality and inwardness and spirituality in