people brought to the district through purchase and capture.  Another possible source of outside blood is suggested by well verified stories of castaways on the east coast of Mindanao and adjacent islands.[2] While working with the Mandaya in the region of Mayo bay the writer was frequently told that three times, in the memory of the present inhabitants, strange boats filled with strange people had been driven to their coasts by storms.  The informants insisted that these newcomers were not put to death but that such of them as survived were taken into the tribe.  These stories are given strong substantiation by the fact that only a few months prior to my visit a boat load of people from the Carolines was driven to the shores of Mayo bay and that their boat, as well as one survivor, was then at the village of Mali.  (Plate LXXII).  I am indebted to Mr. Henry Hubbel for the following explicit account of these castaways:  “One native banca of castaways arrived at Lucatan, N. E. corner of Mayo Bay, Mindanao, on January 2nd, 1909.  The banca left the Island of Uluthi for the Island of Yap, two days’ journey, on December 10th, 1908.  They were blown out of their course and never sighted land until January 2nd, twenty-two days after setting sail.  There were nine persons aboard, six men, two boys, and one woman, all natives of Yap except one man who was a Visayan from Capiz, Panay, P. I., who settled on the Island of Yap in 1889.  These people were nineteen days without food or water except what water could be caught during rain storms.  The Visayan, Victor Valenamo, died soon after his arrival, as a result of starvation.  The natives recovered at once and all traces of their starvation disappeared within two weeks.  The men were powerfully built, nearly six feet high.  Their bodies were all covered with tattoo work.  The woman was decorated even more than the men.  Fever soon took hold of these castaways and in a year’s time all died except one small boy who seems to have become acclimated and will become identified with the natives in Mati.  I took care of these people until they died.

[1] BLAIR and ROBERTSON.  The Philippine Islands, Vol.  XLIII, p. 203.

[2] FOREMAN.  The Philippine Islands, pp. 257-9.  JAGOR.  Travels in the Philippines, Ch.  XX.

“The clothing worn by the men and woman was nothing but the ‘lavalava,’ a scarf of sea-grass fiber about 18 inches wide and five feet long.  This was worn around the loins.

“The banca, which was of very curious construction, was taken to Zamboanga last year by General Pershing, to be placed in Moro Province Museum.”

After the advent of the Spaniards into their territory a considerable number of this people were converted to the Christian faith and were induced to settle in villages.  There they met and intermarried with Visayan and other emigrants who had followed the Spaniards to the South.  During the time of the Spanish rule these settlements were partially destroyed by Moro raiders, and following the Spanish-American war these attacks became so frequent that many of the inhabitants deserted their homes and returning to their mountain kinsmen again took up the old life.  The effect of this return is especially noticeable in the vicinity of Caraga where as late as 1885 there were 596 Mandaya converts.