[l] A dove (Calcophops indica).  Similar beliefs held by the Tagalog were mentioned by Juan de Plasencia in 1589.  See BLAIR and ROBERTSON, Vol.  VII, p. 189.

DWELLINGS—­HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS.

The houses found in the coast villages line well marked streets and differ in few respects from those built by the Christianized natives throughout the Islands.  Even in the more isolated districts the effect of this outside influence is marked.  However, we can state with confidence that village life is a new idea to the Bagobo.  He has, from time immemorial, built his home near to his fields, and there he and his family reside, except during festivals or when extreme danger threatens.  At such times all go to the house of the local ruler and there unite in the festivities or the common defense.

The smaller dwellings have but one room, the floor of which is raised several feet above the ground and supported by many piles.  A part of the latter extend five of[sic] six feet above the floor and form supports for the side and cross-beams.  From the center of the room lighter poles project eight or ten feet above the cross-beams and form the main supports for the ridge timber.  From beams at the end and sides of the room similar pieces run to this central ridge; below this they are joined together, at intervals, by means of horizontal poles and cross-beams.  To this framework are lashed strips of palma brava, supports for a covering of closely laid runo, on which rests the final topping of flattened bamboo.  The ridge pole is always at a sufficient height above the floor to give the roof a steep peak, and is of such length that, at the top, the side roof overhangs the ends.  The roof generally rises in two pitches and always extends past the sides of the room.

In house building, the roof, which is made first, is raised to the desired height, thus serving as a shelter for the workers until the structure is complete (Plate XIII).  Resting on the cross-beams, just below the rafters, a number of loose boards are laid to form a sort of attic or storage room where all unused articles, and odds and ends are allowed to accumulate.

The sides of the room, which are of flattened bamboo, are about six feet in height, and extend only to within a foot of the roof.  In the walls small peep holes are cut so that the inhabitants can look outside without being seen (Plate XIV).

The flooring, which is generally made of strips of palma brava, is in two levels, forming a narrow elevated platform at one end of the room on which a part of the family sleep.

The furniture of this house is very scanty.  Near to the door is the “stove” (Fig. 8)—­a bed of ashes in which three stones are sunk to form a support for the pots and jars and nearby stand a few native jars and sections of bamboo filled with water.  On a hanger above the fire may be found articles of food, seeds, and the like, which need protection from flies and insects.  Against the wall is a bamboo rack (Fig. 9), filled with Chinese plates, or half cocoanut shells which serve as dishes.  Near to the stove is a rice mortar standing on its own wooden pedestal which reaches to the ground (Fig. 10).