3.  Busau.  Among the Mandaya at the north end of Davao Gulf this spirit is also known as Tuglinsau, Tagbusau, or Mandangum.  He looks after the welfare of the bagani, or warriors, and is in many respects similar to Mandarangan of the Bagobo.[1] He is described as a gigantic man who always shows his teeth and is otherwise of ferocious aspect.  A warrior seeing him is at once filled with a desire to kill.  By making occasional offerings of pigs and rice it is usually possible to keep him from doing injury to a settlement, but at times these gifts fail of their purpose and many people are slain by those who serve him.

[1] p. 106.

4.  OMAYAN, OR KALALOA NANG OMAY, is the spirit of the rice.  He resides in the rice fields, and there offerings are made to him before the time of planting and reaping.

5.  MUNTIANAK is the spirit of a child whose mother died while pregnant, and who for this reason was born in the ground.  It wanders through the forest frightening people but seldom assailing them.[2]

[2] The belief in a similar spirit known as Mantianak is widespread throughout the southern Philippines.

6.  Magbabaya.  Some informants stated that this is the name given to the first man and woman, who emerged from the limokon eggs.  They are now true spirits who exercise considerable influence over worldly affairs.  Other informants, including two ballyan denied any knowledge of such spirits, while still others said magbabaya is a single spirit who was made known to them at the time of the Tungud movement.[3] Among the Bukidnon who inhabit the central portion of the island the magbabaya are the most powerful of all spirits.

[3] p. 179.

7.  Kalaloa.  Each person has one spirit which is known by this name.  If this kalaloa leaves the body it decays, but the spirit goes to Dagkotanan—­“a good place, probably in the sky.”  Such a spirit can return to its former haunts for a time and may aid or injure the living, but it never returns to dwell in any other form.

In addition to those just mentioned Governor Bolton gives the following list of spirits known to the Mandaya of the Tagum river valley.  None of these were accepted by the people of Mayo district.  According to rank they are Mangkokiman, Mongungyahn, Mibucha Andepit, Mibuohn, and Ebu—­who made all people from the hairs of his head.

For the neighboring Mangwanga he gives, Likedanum as the creator and chief spirit, Dagpudanum and Macguliput as gods of agriculture, and Manamoan—­a female spirit who works the soil and presides over childbirth.  All of these are unknown to the Mandaya of the Pacific coast.