CONJ.  III CONJ.  IV
ACTIVE
PRESENT rege:ns capie:ns audie:ns
ruling taking hearing
FUTURE re:ctu:rus captu:rus audi:tu:rus
about to rule about to take about to hear

PASSIVE
PERFECT   re:ctus             captus              audi:tus
ruled, having    taken, having     heard, havinh
been ruled       been taken        been heard
FUTURE[2] regendus           capiendus           audiendus
to be ruled      to be taken       to be heard

[Footnote 1:  Review Sec. 203.]

[Footnote 2:  The future passive participle is often called the
gerundive.]

a. The present active and future passive participles are formed
from the present stem, and the future active and perfect passive
participles are formed from the participial stem.

b. The present active participle is formed by adding -ns to the present stem.  In -io:  verbs of the third conjugation, and in the fourth conjugation, the stem is modified by the addition of -e:-, as capi-e:-ns\, audi-e:-ns\.  It is declined like an adjective of one ending of the third declension. (Cf.  Sec. 256.)

amans, loving
BASE amant- STEM amanti-

SINGULAR                     PLURAL
MASC.  AND FEM.   NEUT.         MASC.  AND FEM.       NEUT. 
Nom.  ama:ns          ama:ns       amante:s            amantia
Gen.  amantis         amantis      amantium            amantium
Dat.  amanti:          amanti:       amantibus           amantibus
Acc.  amantem         ama:ns       amanti:s or -e:s  amantia
Abl.  amanti:          amanti:       amantibus           amantibus
or -e         or -e

(1) When used as an adjective the ablative singular ends in -i:;
when used as a participle or as a substantive, in -e.

(2) In a similar way decline monens\, regens\, capiens\, audiens\.

c. The future active participle is formed by adding -u:rus to the
base of the participial stem.  We have already met this form combined
with esse\ to produce the future active infinitive. (Cf.  Sec. 206.)

    d. For the perfect passive participle see Sec. 201.  The future
    passive participle or gerundive is formed by adding -ndus to the
    present stem.

    e. All participles in -us are declined like bonus\.

f. Participles agree with nouns or pronouns like adjectives.

g. Give all the participles of the following verbs:  curo\,
iubeo\, sumo\, iacio\, munio\.

375. Participles of Deponent Verbs.  Deponent verbs have the participles of the active voice as well as of the passive; consequently every deponent verb has four participles, as,