To whom did King Charles the Second owe a large sum of money?  How did he pay his debt?  What did the king name the country?  What does the name mean?  What has been found there?  What is said about the Friends or Quakers?  What did Penn want the land here for?  How were the Quakers then treated in England?  What did Penn do in 1682?  Tell what the king said to Penn and what Penn replied.  What city did Penn begin to build here?  What does Philadelphia mean?  What did Penn and the Indians do?  What did the English general do about the great elm in the Revolution?  Tell about Penn’s dinner with the Indians.  Did the Indians trouble the Quakers?  What is said of the growth of Philadelphia?  What was done there in the Revolution?  Tell what you can about Penn’s last days.  Where is he buried?

GENERAL JAMES OGLETHORPE[1]
(1696-1785).

102.  The twelve English colonies in America; General Oglethorpe makes a settlement in Georgia.—­We have seen[2] that the first real colony or settlement made in America by the English was in Virginia in 1607.  By the beginning of 1733, or in about a hundred and twenty-five years, eleven more had been made, or twelve in all.  They stretched along the seacoast, from the farthest coast of Maine to the northern boundary of Florida, which was then owned by the Spaniards.[3]

The two colonies farthest south were North Carolina and South Carolina.  In 1733 James Oglethorpe, a brave English soldier, who afterward became General Oglethorpe, came over here to make a new settlement.  This new one, which made just thirteen[4] in all, was called Georgia in honor of King George the Second, who gave a piece of land for it, on the seacoast, below South Carolina.

[Illustration:  Map of Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina.]

[Footnote 1:  Oglethorpe (O’gel-thorp).]

[Footnote 2:  See paragraph 37.]

[Footnote 3:  Because the Spaniards had settled it in 1565; see paragraph 30.]

[Footnote 4:  These thirteen colonies or settlements were:  First, the four New England colonies (New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode island; Maine was then part of Massachusetts, and Vermont was claimed by both New Hampshire and New York).  Secondly, four middle colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, with Delaware).  Thirdly, five southern colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia).]

103.  What it was that led General Oglethorpe to make this new settlement.—­General Oglethorpe had a friend in England who was cast into prison for debt.  There the unfortunate man was so cruelly treated that he fell sick and died, leaving his family in great distress.

The General felt the death of his friend so much that he set to work to find out how other poor debtors lived in the London prisons.  He soon saw that great numbers of them suffered terribly.  The prisons were crowded and filthy.  The men shut up in them were ragged and dirty; some of them were fastened with heavy chains, and a good many actually died of starvation.