Galba on recovering from his illness made ready a still larger force and at the beginning of spring pushed forward into Macedonia.  When the two leaders drew near each other they [Sidenote:  FRAG. 57^3] BOTH PITCHED CAMP AND CONDUCTED SKIRMISHES OF THE HORSE AND LIGHT-ARMED TROOPS.  WHEN THE ROMANS TRANSFERRED THEIR CAMP TO A CERTAIN SPOT FROM WHICH THEY COULD GET FOOD MORE EASILY, PHILIP DECIDED THAT THEY HAD SHIFTED POSITION OUT OF FEAR OF HIM; THEREFORE HE ATTACKED THEM UNEXPECTEDLY WHILE THEY WERE ENGAGED IN PLUNDERING AND KILLED A FEW OF THEM.  AND GALBA ON PERCEIVING THIS MADE A SORTIE FROM THE CAMP, ATTACKED HIM AND SLEW MANY MORE IN RETURN.  PHILIP, THEN, IN VIEW OF HIS DEFEAT AND THE FACT THAT HE WAS WOUNDED, WITHDREW JUST AFTER NIGHTFALL.  GALBA, HOWEVER, DID NOT FOLLOW HIM UP BUT RETIRED TO APOLLONIA.  APUSTIUS WITH THE RHODIANS AND WITH ATTALUS CRUISED ABOUT AND SUBJUGATED MANY OF THE ISLANDS.

About the same time [Sidenote:  FRAG. 57^4] HAMILCAR, A CARTHAGINIAN WHO HAD MADE A CAMPAIGN WITH MAGO IN ITALY AND REMAINED THERE UNNOTICED, AFTER A TERM OF QUIET CAUSED THE GAULS AS SOON AS THE MACEDONIAN WAR BROKE OUT TO REVOLT FROM THE ROMANS; THEN WITH THE REBELS HE MADE AN EXPEDITION AGAINST THE LIGURIANS AND WON OVER SOME OF THEM ALSO.  THEY FOUGHT WITH LUCIUS FURIUS THE PRAETOR, WERE DEFEATED, AND SENT ENVOYS ABOUT PEACE.  THE LIGURIANS OBTAINED THIS, but it was not granted to the others.  Instead, Aurelius the consul, who was jealous of the praetor’s victory, led a new campaign against them.

[Sidenote:  B.C. 199 (a.u. 555)] The succeeding year a great deal of havoc was wrought by Hamilcar and the Gauls.  They conquered the praetor Gnaeus Baebius, overran the territory which was in alliance with the Romans, besieged Placentia, and capturing it razed it to the ground.

IX, 16.—­To return to the campaign in Greece and Macedonia—­Publius Villius the consul was encamped opposite Philip, who had occupied in advance the passes of Epirus through which are the entrances to Macedonia.  Philip had extended a wall across the entire mountain region in between and held a formidable position, [Sidenote:  B.C. 198 (a.u. 556)] but the consul Titus Flamininus[38] at the conclusion of winter got around the circumvallation with a few followers by a narrow path.  And appearing suddenly on higher ground he terrified Philip, who thought that the whole army of Titus had come up through the pass.  Hence he fell back into Macedonia at once.  The consul did not pursue him, but assumed control of the cities in Epirus.  He also went into Thessaly and detached a good part of it from Philip and then retired into Phocis and Boeotia.  While he was besieging Elatea his brother Lucius Flamininus in company with Attalus and the Rhodians was subduing the islands.  Finally, after the capture of Cenchrea, they learned that envoys had been sent to the Achaeans to see about an alliance and they despatched some themselves in turn, the Athenians associating in the embassy.  And at first the opinions of the Achaeans were divided, some wanting to vote their alliance to Philip and some to the Romans; eventually, however, they voted assistance to the latter.  And they joined in an expedition against Corinth, where they succeeded in demolishing portions of the wall, but retired after losses suffered through sallies of the citizens.