Proficients in staining and imitating can make American ash so like oak that experienced judges are frequently deceived, the vein and shade of the spurious wood looking nearly as natural as the genuine.  After the veining is done, it should be coated with white hard varnish, made rather thin by adding more spirits, after which the ground can be delicately darkened if required.

=Imitation Satin-wood.=—­Take methylated spirits one quart, ground turmeric three ounces, powdered gamboge one and a-half ounces.  This mixture should be steeped to its full strength, and then strained through fine muslin, when it will be ready for use.  Apply with a sponge, and give two coats; when dry, glass-paper down with fine old paper.  This makes a good imitation for inside work.  By the addition of a little dragon’s blood an orange tint can be produced.  A yellow colour can also be given to wood by boiling hot solutions of turmeric, Persian berries, fustic, etc. but the colour is very fugitive.  A more permanent colour results from nitric acid, and last of all by the successive introduction of acetate of lead and chromate of potash.  Sulphate of iron also stains wood of a yellowish colour when used as a preservative agent, so much so, that the use of corrosive sublimate is recommended for this purpose when it is desirable to preserve the light colour.

=A Blue Stain.=—­This dye can be obtained by dissolving East Indian indigo in arsenious acid, which will give a dark blue.  A lighter blue can be obtained by hot solutions of indigo, of sulphate of copper, and by the successive introduction of pyrolignite of iron and prussiate of potash.

=A Green Stain.=—­Dissolve one ounce of Roman vitriol in a quart of boiling water, to which is added one ounce of pearlash; the mixture should then be forcibly agitated, and a small quantity of pulverised yellow arsenic stirred in.  A green is also the result of successive formations in the pores of the wood of a blue and a yellow as above indicated, and by a hot solution of acetate of copper in water.  A yellowish green may be obtained by the action of copper salts on the red prussiate of potash.

=A Purple Stain.=—­Boil one pound of logwood chips in three quarts of water, until the full strength is obtained; then add four ounces of pearlash and two ounces of powdered indigo.  When these ingredients are thoroughly dissolved, it is ready for use, either hot or cold.  A purple is also obtained by a boiling hot solution of logwood and Brazil-wood, one pound of the former and one quarter of a pound of the latter to a gallon of water.

=A Red Stain.=—­Methylated spirits one quart, Brazil-wood three ounces, dragon’s blood half an ounce, cochineal half an ounce, saffron one ounce.  Steep the whole to its full strength, and strain.  A red can also be produced by macerating red-sanders in rectified spirits of naphtha.  An orange-red colour may be obtained by the successive action of bichloride of mercury and iodide of potash, madder, and ammoniacal solutions of carmine.