=Seedlac Varnish.=—­Wash 3 oz. of seedlac in several waters; dry it and powder it coarsely.  Dissolve it in one pint of rectified spirits of wine; submit it to gentle heat, shaking it as often as convenient, until it appears dissolved.  Pour off the clear part, and strain the remainder.

=Patent Varnish for Wood or Canvas.=—­Take 1 gallon spirits of turpentine, 21/4 lbs. asphaltum.  Put them into an iron kettle on a stove, and dissolve the gum by heat.  When it is dissolved and a little cool, add 1 pint copal varnish and 1 pint boiled linseed-oil.  When entirely cool it is ready for use.  For a perfect black add a little lamp-black.

=Copal Varnish.=—­Dissolve the copal, broken in pieces, in linseed-oil, by digestion, the heat being almost sufficient to boil the oil.  The oil should be made drying by the addition of quick-lime.  This makes a beautiful transparent varnish.  It should be diluted with oil of turpentine; a very small quantity of copal, in proportion to the oil, will be found sufficient.

=Carriage Varnish.=—­Take 19 oz. gum sandarach, 91/2 oz. orange shellac, 121/2 oz. white resin, 18 oz. turpentine, 5 pints alcohol.  Dissolve and strain.  Use for the internal parts of carriages and similar purposes.  This varnish dries in ten minutes.

=Transparent Varnish.=—­Take 1 gallon alcohol, 2 lbs. gum sandarach, 1/2 lb. gum mastic.  Place them in a tin can.  Cork tight and shake frequently, placing the can in a warm place.  When dissolved it is ready for use.

=Crystal Varnish for Maps, etc.=—­Mix together 1 oz.  Canada balsam and 2 oz. spirits of turpentine.  Before applying this varnish to a drawing or a painting in water-colours the paper should be placed on a stretcher, sized with a thin solution of isinglass in water, and dried.  Apply the varnish with a soft camel’s-hair brush.

=A Black Varnish.=—­Mix a small quantity of gas-black with the brown hard varnish previously mentioned.  The black can be obtained by boiling a pot over a gas-burner, so that it almost touches the burner, when a fine jet-black will form at the bottom, which remove and mix with the varnish, and apply with a brush.

=A Black Polish= can be made in the same way:  after wetting the rubber, just touch it with the black.  Place the linen cover over, touch it with oil, and it is ready for work.

=Varnish for Iron.=—­Take 2 lbs. pulverised gum asphaltum, 1/4 lb. gum benzoin, 1 gallon spirits of turpentine.  To make this varnish quickly, keep in a warm place, and shake often till it is dissolved.  Shade to suit with finely-ground ivory-black.  Apply with a brush.  This varnish should be used on iron-work exposed to the weather.  It is also well adapted for inside work, such as iron furniture, where a handsome polish is desired.

=Varnish for Tools.=—­Take 2 oz. tallow, 1 oz. resin; melt together, and strain while hot to remove the specks which are in the resin.  Apply a slight coat on the tools with a brush, and it will keep off the rust for any length of time.