The Mafulu eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 349 pages of information about The Mafulu.

The Mafulu eBook

This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 349 pages of information about The Mafulu.
East, Koita da a au no yai yau South-east, Mailu ia ga noa gea aea omoa

It is interesting here to note the agreement in the forms of the first and second persons singular, with a wide difference in the other pronouns.  Similar words for these two pronouns occur in other Papuan languages as e.g., Kai (Finschhafen) no, Kelana Kai nai, “I,” and Bongu and Bogadjim (Astrolabe Bay), ni, Kelana Kai ne, “thou.”

The widespread use of a suffix, used when the pronoun is emphatic, is noteworthy.  The possessive case also is formed as in some other Papuan languages by a suffix added to the root of the pronoun. Cf.—­

My.  Thy.  His.  Our.  Your.  Their. 
Fuyuge nau(le) nu(le) u(le) diu(le) yu(le) ta(le)
naula(ne) nula(ne) ula(ne) diula(ne) yula(ne) tala(ne)
Kambisa narando nurando hurando —­ —­ haruando Tauata neve nie omene nanene nuvene otene Kovio nemai nimai pimai —­ —­ —­ Oru-Lopiko nema nima pima daema alima valoma Toaripi arave ave areve elave eve ereve Binandele nato ito ounda, kaenato itomane omida
owanda

Sometimes the simple form of the pronoun is prefixed to the noun in Tauata to indicate the possessive, as in Namau and Koita.  Tauata na ate, Koita di omote, Namau, na uku, “my head.”

The numerals also show great differences.  As far as “three” they appear as follows: 

Fuyuge.          Korona.          Sikitbe.         Afoa.            Tauata.          Kovio.               Oru Lopiko.
1.  fida(ne)        fida(ne)        fidana          koane           kone            uniuni              konepu
2.  gegeto          gegeda          iuara           atolowai        atoloai         karaala             kalotolo
3.  gegeto m’inaa   gegeda-fidane   iuara-minda     atolowai-itime  atoloai-laina   naralavievi-napuevi konekhalavi

Some of these words have other meanings.  Thus Fuyuge 2, gegeto is given also as “few.”  In Tauata 1, kone duplicated as konekone is “few,” whilst onioni, means “alone.”  In Oru Lopiko 1, konepu compares with onionipu, “few.”

These numerals are all different from Mailu, Koita, Binandele, Toaripi and Namau.

Mailu.       Koita.         Binandele.     Toaripi.     Namau.           Kiwai.
1.  omu         kobua, igagu  da            farakeka    monou           nao
2.  ava         abu           tote          orakoria    morere          netowa.
3.  aiseri      abi-gaga      tamonde       oroisoria   morere-monou    netowa-naobi

The vocabulary shows very few agreements, and there is very little evidence in support of a connection of any one of these dialects with its neighbours.  The following correspondences may be purely accidental.

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The Mafulu from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.