and his son, the governor of Connecticut; each varying from either of the other two.  George Burroughs, a graduate of Harvard College, wrote his own name sometimes with, and sometimes without, the s.  In our General-court records, the name of the first Captain Davenport is spelled in at least four different ways.  The Putnams sometimes wrote their name Putman.  The name of the Nurses was often written Nourse, and sometimes Nurs.

Unable to come to any reliable conclusions in reference to the general intelligence of the people of Salem Village from their orthography, etymology, syntax, or chirography, compared with their contemporaries, I can only say, that, in examining the records and papers which have come down to us, the wonder to me is that they expressed themselves so well.  I do not hesitate to say, that, in the various controversies in which they were involved, prior to and immediately after the witchcraft delusion, there is a pervading appearance of uncommon appreciation of the questions at issue, and substantial evidence that there was a solid substratum of good sense among them.

Their manners appear to have been remarkably courteous and respectful, showing the effect still remaining upon their style of intercourse and personal bearing, of the society and example of the great number of eminent, enlightened, and accomplished men and families that had resided or mingled with them during all the early period of their history.  In their deportment to each other, there was that sort of decorum which indicates good breeding.  They paid honor to gray hairs, and assigned to age the first rank in seating the congregation,—­a matter to which, before the introduction of pews as a particular property, they gave the greatest consideration.  The “seating” was to continue for a year; and a committee of persons who would command the greatest confidence was regularly appointed to report on the delicate and difficult subject.  Their report, signed by them severally, was entered in full in the parish record-book.  The invariable rule was, first, age; then, office; last, rates.  The chief seats were given to old men and women of respectable characters, without regard to their circumstances in life or position in society.  Then came the families of the minister and deacons, the parish committee and clerk, the constable of the village, magistrates, and military officers.  These were preferred, because all offices were then honorable, and held, if they were called to them, by the principal people.  Last came rates,—­that is, property.  The richest man in the parish, if not holding office, or old enough to be counted among the aged, would take his place with the residue of the congregation.  The manner in which parents were spoken of on all occasions is quite observable, not only in written documents, but ordinary conversation,—­always with tender respectfulness.  In almost all cases, the expressions used are “my honored father” or “my honored mother,” and this by persons