The bear was a formidable prowler around the settlements, killing young cattle, making havoc in the sheepfold, and depredating upon the barn and farm yard.  He was a dangerous antagonist, of immense strength in his arms and claws.  Sometimes he was reached effectually by the gun, but the trap was mainly relied upon to secure him.  His skin made him a valuable prize, and he supplied other beneficial uses.  The earliest and rudest method of trapping a bear was as follows:  A place was selected in the woods, where two large fallen and mouldering trees were side by side within two or three feet of each other.  The space between them would be roofed over by throwing branches and boughs across them, and closed up at one end.  The other end would be left open.  A gun was placed inside, heavily loaded, the muzzle towards the open end; to the trigger a cord was fastened running along by the barrel of the gun, passing over a cross-bar, and hanging down directly before the muzzle, baited with a piece of fresh meat.  The bear, ranging in the woods at night, would be attracted by the smell of meat, and come snuffing around.  At the open end, he would see the bait, rush in, seize it between his jaws, pull the cord, discharge the gun, and his head and breast be torn to pieces.  The men engaged in the enterprise would remain awake in some neighboring house, waiting and listening, with the extremest interest, for the report of the gun to announce their success.  At the break of day, they would gather to the spot, and participate in the profit of the capture.  After a while, iron or steel traps were introduced.  They would be skilfully baited and set, and fastened to a tree by a chain.  The whole was covered over with light soil and leaves.  The bear would make for the bait.  The weight of his paw would spring the trap.  The iron-teeth would hold him fast till the morning.  In his suffering and exasperation, it would require considerable effort to despatch him.  In catching bears, as well as foxes, much skill and art were needed.  They were each very wary and cautious; and, where iron was used in the traps, some scent was necessary to disguise the smell of the metal.  All appearance of having been disturbed had to be removed from the ground.  Trapping became quite a science, and was a pursuit of much importance.

Wolves were perhaps the most destructive of the beasts of prey.  Although not so large or strong as bears, they were far more fierce and rapacious.  Bears could be tamed, but wolves not.  Bears were not dangerous, unless provoked, or suffering from hunger, or alarmed for the safety of their young.  It was thought that kind treatment would awaken strong attachment in them, but wolves were always snarling and ferocious.  They roamed mostly in packs, and would kill sheep, lambs, and poultry long after hunger was appeased.  The farmers regarded them as their great enemy.  A long and deep trench would be dug, lined with slippery logs, from which the bark had