255.  Such, then, are the principal points to be kept in view in the edifice itself.  Of the mode of uniting it with the near features of foliage and ground, it would be utterly useless to speak:  it is a question of infinite variety, and involving the whole theory of composition, so that it would take up volumes to develop principles sufficient to guide us to the result which the feeling of the practiced eye would arrive at in a moment.  The inequalities of the ground, the character and color of those inequalities, the nature of the air, the exposure, and the consequent fall of the light, the quantity and form of near and distant foliage, all have their effect on the design, and should have their influence on the designer, inducing, as they do, a perfect change of circumstance in every locality.  Only one general rule can be given, and that we repeat.  The house must not be a noun substantive, it must not stand by itself, it must be part and parcel of a proportioned whole:  it must not even be seen all at once; and he who sees one end should feel that, from the given data, he can arrive at no conclusion respecting the other, yet be impressed with a feeling of a universal energy, pervading with its beauty of unanimity all life and all inanimation, all forms of stillness or motion, all presence of silence or of sound.

256.  Thus, then, we have reviewed the most interesting examples of existing villa architecture, and we have applied the principles derived from those examples to the landscape of our own country.  Throughout, we have endeavored to direct attention to the spirit, rather than to the letter, of all law, and to exhibit the beauty of that principle which is embodied in the line with which we have headed this concluding paper; of being satisfied with national and natural forms, and not endeavoring to introduce the imaginations, or imitate the customs, of foreign nations, or of former times.  All imitation has its origin in vanity, and vanity is the bane of architecture.  And, as we take leave of them, we would, once for all, remind our English sons of Sempronius “qui villas attollunt marmore novas,” novas in the full sense of the word,—­and who are setting all English feeling and all natural principles at defiance, that it is only the bourgeois gentilhomme who will wear his dressing-gown upside down, “parceque toutes les personnes de qualite portent les fleurs en en-bas.”

OXFORD, October, 1838.