[8] For the history of the Parliamentary struggle, cf. 
      Clarkson’s and Copley’s histories.  The movement was checked in
      the House of Commons in 1789, 1790, and 1791.  In 1792 the
      House of Commons resolved to abolish the trade in 1796.  The
      Lords postponed the matter to take evidence.  A bill to
      prohibit the foreign slave-trade was lost in 1793, passed the
      next session, and was lost in the House of Lords.  In 1795,
      1796, 1798, and 1799 repeated attempts to abolish the trade
      were defeated.  The matter then rested until 1804, when the
      battle was renewed with more success.

  [9] Statute 46 George III., ch. 52, 119; 47 George III.,
      sess.  I. ch. 36.

 [10] Sparks, Diplomatic Correspondence, X. 154.

 [11] Fox to Hartley, June 10, 1783; quoted in Bancroft,
      History of the Constitution of the United States, I. 61.

 [12] Amer.  State Papers, Foreign, III.  No. 214, p. 151.

 [13] British and Foreign State Papers, 1815-6, pp. 886, 937
      (quotation).

 [14] Ibid., pp. 890-1.

 [15] British and Foreign State Papers, 1815-6, p. 887. 
      Russia, Austria, and Prussia returned favorable replies: 
      Ibid., pp. 887-8.

 [16] Ibid., p. 889.

 [17] She desired a loan, which England made on this condition: 
      Ibid., pp. 921-2.

 [18] Ibid., pp. 937-9.  Certain financial arrangements
      secured this concession.

 [19] Ibid., pp. 939-75

 [20] Amer.  State Papers, Foreign, III.  No. 271, pp. 735-48;
      U.S.  Treaties and Conventions (ed. 1889), p. 405.

 [21] This was inserted in the Treaty of Paris, Nov. 20, 1815: 
      British and Foreign State Papers, 1815-6, p. 292.

 [22] Ibid., 1816-7, pp. 33-74 (English version, 1823-4, p.
      702 ff.).

 [23] Cf. Ibid., 1817-8, p. 125 ff.

 [24] This was the first meeting of the London ministers of the
      powers according to agreement; they assembled Dec. 4, 1817,
      and finally called a meeting of plenipotentiaries on the
      question of suppression at Aix-la-Chapelle, beginning Oct. 24,
      1818.  Among those present were Metternich, Richelieu,
      Wellington, Castlereagh, Hardenberg, Bernstorff, Nesselrode,
      and Capodistrias.  Castlereagh made two propositions:  1.  That
      the five powers join in urging Portugal and Brazil to abolish
      the trade May 20, 1820; 2.  That the powers adopt the principle
      of a mutual qualified Right of Search.  Cf. British and
      Foreign State Papers, 1818-9, pp. 21-88; Amer.  State Papers,
      Foreign, V. No. 346, pp. 113-122.

 [25] For cases, see 1 Acton, 240, the “Amedie,” and 1
      Dodson, 81, the “Fortuna;” quoted in U.S.  Reports, 10
      Wheaton, 66.