“Nature has given us for barriers the Alps and the two seas.  Avarice, envy, and pride, have opened these natural defences to the Cimbri, the Huns, the Goths, the Gauls, and the Spaniards.  How often have we recited the words of Virgil:—­

    “’Impius haec tam culta novalia miles habebit,
    Barbarus has segetes.’

“Athens and Lacedemon had between them a species of rivalship similar to yours:  but their forces were not by any means so nearly balanced.  Lacedemon had an advantage over Athens, which put it in the power of the former to destroy her rival, if she had wished it; but she replied, ’God forbid that I should pull out one of the eyes of Greece!’ If this beautiful sentiment came from a people whom Plato reproaches with their avidity for conquest and dominion, what still softer reply ought we not to expect from the most modest of nations!

“Amidst the movements which agitate you, it is impossible for me to be tranquil.  When I see one party cutting down trees to construct vessels, and others sharpening their swords and darts, I should think myself guilty if I did not seize my pen, which is my only weapon, to counsel peace.  I am aware with what circumspection we ought to speak to our superiors; but the love of our country has no superior.  If it should carry me beyond bounds, it will serve as my excuse before you, and oblige you to pardon me.

“Throwing myself at the feet of the chiefs of two nations who are going to war, I say to them, with tears in my eyes, ’Throw away your arms; give one another the embrace of peace! unite your hearts and your colours.  By this means the ocean and the Euxine shall be open to you.  Your ships will arrive in safety at Taprobane, at the Fortunate Isles, at Thule, and even at the poles.  The kings and their people will meet you with respect; the Indian, the Englishman, the AEthiopian, will dread you.  May peace reign among you, and may you have nothing to fear!’ Adieu! greatest of dukes, and best of men!”

This letter produced no effect.  Andrea Dandolo, in his answer to it, alleges the thousand and one affronts and outrages which Venice had suffered from Genoa.  At the same time he pays a high compliment to the eloquence of Petrarch’s epistle, and says that it is a production which could emanate only from a mind inspired by the divine Spirit.

During the spring of this year, 1351, Petrarch put his last finish to a canzone, on the subject still nearest to his heart, the death of his Laura, and to a sonnet on the same subject.  In April, his attention was recalled from visionary things by the arrival of Boccaccio, who was sent by the republic of Florence to announce to him the recall of his family to their native land, and the restoration of his family fortune, as well as to invite him to the home of his ancestors, in the name of the Florentine republic.  The invitation was conveyed in a long and flattering letter; but it appeared, from the very contents of