wisdom, friendship; but we need not be disturbed by the variety of expression,—­these words have all the same meaning.  ’I should like to know at what in your opinion the legislator should aim.’  Hear me, then.  There are two mother forms of states—­one monarchy, and the other democracy:  the Persians have the first in the highest form, and the Athenians the second; and no government can be well administered which does not include both.  There was a time when both the Persians and Athenians had more the character of a constitutional state than they now have.  In the days of Cyrus the Persians were freemen as well as lords of others, and their soldiers were free and equal, and the kings used and honoured all the talent which they could find, and so the nation waxed great, because there was freedom and friendship and communion of soul.  But Cyrus, though a wise general, never troubled himself about the education of his family.  He was a soldier from his youth upward, and left his children who were born in the purple to be educated by women, who humoured and spoilt them.  ‘A rare education, truly!’ Yes, such an education as princesses who had recently grown rich might be expected to give them in a country where the men were solely occupied with warlike pursuits.  ‘Likely enough.’  Their father had possessions of men and animals, and never considered that the race to whom he was about to make them over had been educated in a very different school, not like the Persian shepherd, who was well able to take care of himself and his own.  He did not see that his children had been brought up in the Median fashion, by women and eunuchs.  The end was that one of the sons of Cyrus slew the other, and lost the kingdom by his own folly.  Observe, again, that Darius, who restored the kingdom, had not received a royal education.  He was one of the seven chiefs, and when he came to the throne he divided the empire into seven provinces; and he made equal laws, and implanted friendship among the people.  Hence his subjects were greatly attached to him, and cheerfully helped him to extend his empire.  Next followed Xerxes, who had received the same royal education as Cambyses, and met with a similar fate.  The reflection naturally occurs to us—­How could Darius, with all his experience, have made such a mistake!  The ruin of Xerxes was not a mere accident, but the evil life which is generally led by the sons of very rich and royal persons; and this is what the legislator has seriously to consider.  Justly may the Lacedaemonians be praised for not giving special honour to birth or wealth; for such advantages are not to be highly esteemed without virtue, and not even virtue is to be esteemed unless it be accompanied by temperance.  ‘Explain.’  No one would like to live in the same house with a courageous man who had no control over himself, nor with a clever artist who was a rogue.  Nor can justice and wisdom ever be separated from temperance.  But considering these qualities with reference to the honour and dishonour