* I have shown, from a careful examination of the bas- reliefs, that the Egyptians must have landed, not on the coast itself, as was at first believed, but in the estuary of a river, and this observation has been accepted as decisive by most Egyptologists; besides this, newly discovered fragments show the presence of a hippopotamus.  Since then I have sought to identify the landing-place of the Egyptians with the most important of the creeks mentioned by the Graeco-Roman merchants as accessible for their vessels, viz. that which they called the Elephant River, near to the present Ras el-Fil.

The huts of the inhabitants were of circular shape, each being surmounted with a conical roof; some of them were made of closely plaited osiers, and there was no opening in any of them save the door.  They were built upon piles, as a protection from the rise of the river and from wild animals, and access to them was gained by means of moveable ladders.  Oxen chewing the cud rested beneath them.  The natives belonged to a light-coloured race, and the portraits we possess of them resemble the Egyptian type in every particular.  They were tall and thin, and of a colour which varied between brick-red and the darkest brown.  Their beards were pointed, and the hair was cut short in some instances, while in others it was arranged in close rows of curls or in small plaits.  The costume of the men consisted of a loin-cloth only, while the dress of the women was a yellow garment without sleeves, drawn in at the waist and falling halfway below the knee.

The royal envoy landed under an escort of eight soldiers and an officer, but, to prove his pacific intentions, he spread out upon a low table a variety of presents, consisting of five bracelets two gold necklaces, a dagger with strap and sheath complete, a battle-axe, and eleven strings of glass beads.

[Illustration:  303.jpg A VILLAGE ON THE BANK OF THE RIVER, WITH LADDERS OF INCENSE]

     Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from a photograph.

The inhabitants, dazzled by the display of so many valuable objects, ran to meet the new-comers, headed by their sheikh, and expressed a natural astonishment at the sight of the strangers.  “How is it,” they exclaimed, “that you have reached this country hitherto unknown to men?  Have you come down by way of the sky, or have you sailed on the waters of the Tonutir Sea?  You have followed the path of the sun, for as for the king of the land of Egypt, it is not possible to elude him, and we live, yea, we ourselves, by the breath which he gives us.”  The name of their chief was Parihu, who was distinguished from his subjects by the boomerang which he carried, and also by his dagger and necklace of beads:  his right leg, moreover, appears to have been covered with a kind of sheath composed of rings of some yellow metal, probably gold.* He was accompanied by his wife Ati, riding on an ass, from which she alighted in order to gain a closer view of the strangers.  She was endowed with a type of beauty much admired by the people of Central Africa, being so inordinately fat that the shape of her body was scarcely recognisable under the rolls of flesh which hung down from it.  Her daughter, who appeared to be still young, gave promise of one day rivalling, if not exceeding, her mother in size.**