of the author.  More recently we have had in a work written by Mr. Mallik, which was lately reviewed in these columns, a striking specimen of one of those pernicious by-products which are the natural and unavoidable outcome of Eastern and Western contact.  We have now to deal with a work of a very different type.  Many of the very difficult problems which Mr. Mitra discusses in his interesting series of Anglo-Indian Studies open up a wide field for differences of opinion, but whatever views may be entertained about them, all must recognise not only that no kind of exception can be taken to the general spirit in which Mr. Mitra approaches Indian subjects, but also that his observations are the result of deep reflection, and of an honest endeavour to improve rather than exacerbate racial relations.  His remarks are, therefore, well worthy of consideration.

Mr. Mitra shows a perfectly legitimate pride in the past history of his country.  He tells us how Hindu international lawyers anticipated Grotius by some thirty centuries, how the Mahabharata embodies many of the principles adopted by the Hague Conference, how India preceded Europe in her knowledge of all the arts and sciences, even including that of medicine, and how “Hindu drama was in its heyday before the theatres of England, France, or Spain could be said to exist.”  But Mr. Mitra’s ardent patriotism does not blind him to the realities of the present situation.  A very intelligent Frenchman, M. Paul Boell, who visited India a few years ago, came to the conclusion that the real Indian question was not whether the English were justified in staying in the country, but whether they could find any moral justification for withdrawing from it.  Mr. Mitra arrives at much the same conclusion as M. Boell.  “If the English were to withdraw from India to-morrow,” he says, “I fear that, notwithstanding all the peace precepts of our Mahabharata, and in spite of the stupendous philosophy and so-called fatalism of the Hindus, our Maharajahs would speedily be at each other’s throats, as they were before the pax Britannica was established there.”  Moreover, he asserts a principle of vital importance, which is but too often ignored by his countrymen, and even at times by those who sympathise with them in England.  “Education and knowledge,” he says, “can be pumped into the student, but there is no royal road for instruction in ‘capacity of management.’  A Clive, with inferior education, may be a better manager of men or of an industrial concern than the most learned student.”  In other words, character rather than intellect is the foundation not only of national but also of individual greatness—­a profound truth which is brought home every day to those who are engaged in the actual management of public affairs, especially in the East.  Mr. Mitra, moreover, makes various praiseworthy efforts to dispel certain illusions frequently nourished by some of his countrymen, and to diminish the width of the religious gulf which