on both ends of the hut.  These pieces are now overlapped by the second row, and with the addition of the large piece which covers them all at the ridge pole, the roof is complete, and will stand a heavy ram with little or no leaking.  The crevices should now be stopped with moss, dried grass or clay, after which the log cabin is complete.  When the bark roof is made, additional poles may be inserted beneath as props.  They should be three or four inches in diameter, and run parallel with the ridge pole, at intervals on the slope, notches being cut to secure them.

Our engraving represents a chimney, which may be constructed if desired, but the necessity of this may be done away with by using a small camp stove, and making a small opening in the gable end of the hut for the passage of the pipe.  If it stove should not be at hand, and our amateur should decide to “rough it” to the full extent, he may build his fire-place and chimney as follows:  It will be necessary to cut away an opening in the logs at the gable end, as was done for the door and windows.  This should be about three feet square, and the fire place should be built of stone and clay, or cement, to fill the opening, and project inside the hut.

The chimney may then be built up outside in the same manner, sufficiently high to overtop the gables.

Inside the hut overhead will be found abundant room for the hanging of the skins, and any number of cross-poles may be rested across the beams.  There are facilities for the swinging of a hammock, if desired, and, in fact, a hut constructed like the foregoing is a perfect one in its way.  There are other methods of building a log cabin, but we will content ourselves with what we consider the best way of all, and pass on to the

BARK SHANTY.

This is made by first driving into the ground two forked poles seven or eight feet in height and stout enough to sustain a ridge pole of moderate size.  Against this ridge pole other poles should be rested at intervals of two feet, and sloping to the angle of forty-five degrees.  The frame-work thus formed should now be covered with bark, commencing at the ground and allowing the edge of each piece to overlap the one beneath [Page 246] after the manner of shingles, in order to shed the rain in case of storm.  Spruce or birch bark are excellent for this purpose, and the pieces may be secured with nails, and kept flat by the weight of another series of poles rested against them.  The sides of the shelter should be treated similarly, the front being usually left open to face the fire, which the trapper generally builds a few feet distant.  In constructing a bark shanty, it is well to select some spot protected from the wind, close to the foot of a mountain or in the midst of trees, always letting the open side face the direction most sheltered.

If desired, the front can be enclosed after the manner of the sides and top, but this is not required where the fire is used.