author would so fain have had; of the youthful ardour which she had once actually possessed; of the ideas and cults to which she was sincerely enough devoted; of the instruction and talent which unquestionably distinguished her.  And it is not, I think, fanciful to discover in this heroine, with all her “Empire” artifice and convention, all her smack of the theatre and the salon, a certain live quiver and throb, which, as has been already hinted, may be traced to the combined working in Madame de Stael’s mind and heart of the excitements of foreign travel, the zest of new studies, new scenes, new company, with the chill regret for lost or passing youth and love, and the chillier anticipation of coming old age and death.  It is a commonplace of psychology that in shocks and contrasts of this kind the liveliest workings of the imagination and the emotions are to be expected.  If we once establish the contact and complete the circle, and feel something of the actual thrill that animated the author, we shall, I think, feel disposed to forgive Corinne many things—­from the dress and attitude which recall that admirable frontispiece of Pickersgill’s to Miss Austen’s Emma, where Harriet Smith poses in rapt attitude with “schall” or scarf complete, to that more terrible portrait of Madame de Stael herself which editors with remorseless ferocity will persist in prefixing to her works, and especially to Corinne.  We shall consent to sweep away all the fatras and paraphernalia of the work, and to see in the heroine a real woman enough—­loving, not unworthy of being loved, unfortunate, and very undeserving of her ill fortune.  We shall further see that besides other excuses for the mere guide-book detail, the enthusiasm for Italy which partly prompted it was genuine enough and very interesting as a sign of the times—­of the approach of a period of what we may call popularised learning, culture, sentiment.  In some respects Corinne is not merely a guide-book to Italy; it is a guide-book by prophecy to the nineteenth century.

The minor characters are a very great deal less interesting than Corinne herself, but they are not despicable, and they set off the heroine and carry out what story there is well enough.  Nelvil of course is a thing shreddy and patchy enough.  He reminds us by turns of Chateaubriand’s Rene and Rousseau’s Bomston, both of whom Madame de Stael of course knew; of Mackenzie’s Man of Feeling, with whom she was very probably acquainted; but most of no special, even bookish, progenitor, but of a combination of theoretic deductions from supposed properties of man in general and Englishman in particular.  Of Englishmen in particular Madame de Stael knew little more than a residence (chiefly in emigre society) for a short time in England, and occasional meetings elsewhere, could teach her.  Of men in general her experience had been a little unfortunate.  Her father had probity, financial skill, and, I suppose, a certain