The conquest of Aru seems never to have been thoroughly effected by the kings of Achin.  Paduka Sri carried his arms thither and boasted of having obtained some victories.

1613.

In 1613 he subdued Siak in its neighbourhood.  Early in the same year he sent an expedition against the kingdom of Johor (which had always maintained a political connexion with Aru) and, reducing the city after a siege of twenty-nine days, plundered it of everything moveable, and made slaves of the miserable inhabitants.  The king fled to the island of Bintang, but his youngest brother and coadjutor was taken prisoner and carried to Achin.  The old king of Johor, who had so often engaged the Portuguese, left three sons, the eldest of whom succeeded him by the title of Iang de per-tuan.*

(Footnote.  This is not an individual title or proper name, but signifies the sovereign or reigning monarch.  In like manner Rega Bongsu signifies the king’s youngest brother, as Raja Muda does the heir apparent.)

The second was made king of Siak, and the third, called Raja Bongsu, reigned jointly with the first.  He it was who assisted the Hollanders in the first siege of Malacca, and corresponded with Prince Maurice.  The king of Achin was married to their sister, but this did not prevent a long and cruel war between them.  A Dutch factory at Johor was involved in the consequences of this war, and several of that nation were among the prisoners.  In the course of the same year however the king of Achin thought proper to establish Raja Bongsu on the throne of Johor, sending him back for that purpose with great honours, assisting him to rebuild the fort and city, and giving him one of his own sisters in marriage.

1615.

In 1615 the king of Achin sailed to the attack of Malacca in a fleet which he had been four years employed in preparing.  It consisted of above five hundred sail, of which a hundred were large galleys, greater than any at that time built in Europe, carrying each from six to eight hundred men, with three large cannon and several smaller pieces.  These galleys the orang kayas were obliged to furnish, repair, and man, at the peril of their lives.  The soldiers served without pay, and carried three months provision at their own charge.  In this great fleet there were computed to be sixty thousand men, whom the king commanded in person.  His wives and household were taken to sea with him.  Coming in sight of the Portuguese ships in the afternoon, they received many shot from them but avoided returning any, as if from contempt.  The next day they got ready for battle, and drew up in form of a half moon.  A desperate engagement took place and lasted without intermission till midnight, during which the Portuguese admiral was three times boarded, and repeatedly on fire.  Many vessels on both sides were also in flames and afforded light to continue the combat.  At length the Achinese gave way, after losing fifty sail of different sizes,