emperor and encouraging them with large gifts of money, he began the pursuit of the fugitives.  And he overtook them at the city of Membresa, three hundred and fifty stades distant from Carthage.  There both armies made camp and prepared themselves for battle, the forces of Belisarius making their entrenchment at the River Bagradas, and the others in a high and difficult position.  For neither of them saw fit to enter the city, since it was without walls.  And on the day following they joined battle, the mutineers trusting in their numbers, and the troops of Belisarius despising their enemy as both without sense and without generals.  And Belisarius, wishing that these thoughts should be firmly lodged in the minds of his soldiers, called them all together and spoke as follows:—­

“The situation, fellow-soldiers, both for the emperor and for the Romans, falls far short of our hopes and of our prayers.  For we have now come to a combat in which even the winning of the victory will not be without tears for us, since we are fighting against kinsmen and men who have been reared with us.  But we have this comfort in our misfortune, that we are not ourselves beginning the battle, but have been brought into the conflict in our own defence.  For he who has framed the plot against his dearest friends and by his own act has dissolved the ties of kinship, dies not, if he perishes, by the hands of his friends, but having become an enemy is but making atonement to those who have suffered wrong.  And that our opponents are public enemies and barbarians and whatever worse name one might call them, is shewn not alone by Libya, which has become plunder under their hands, nor by the inhabitants of this land, who have been wrongfully slain, but also by the multitude of Roman soldiers whom these enemies have dared to kill, though they have had but one fault to charge them with—­loyalty to their government.  And it is to avenge these their victims that we have now come against them, having with good reason become enemies to those who were once most dear.  For nature has made no men in the world either friends or opponents to one another, but it is the actions of men in every case which, either by the similarity of the motives which actuate them unite them in alliance, or by the difference set them in hostility to each other, making them friends or enemies as the case may be.  That, therefore, we are fighting against men who are outlaws and enemies of the state, you must now be convinced; and now I shall make it plain that they deserve to be despised by us.  For a throng of men united by no law, but brought together by motives of injustice, is utterly unable by nature to play the part of brave men, since valour is unable to dwell with lawlessness, but always shuns those who are unholy.  Nor, indeed, will they preserve discipline or give heed to the commands given by Stotzas.  For when a tyranny is newly organized and has not yet won that authority which self-confidence gives, it