Architectural, belong to Architecture.

     Sculptural, belonging to Sculpture.

[Illustration:  GATHERING TURPENTINE BY SCRAPING.]

[Illustration:  DISTILLING TURPENTINE.]

With whom may the School of British Sculptors be considered as commencing?

With Banks, born in 1738, and Bacon, born in 1740; these were in every respect English artists.  But the most eminent worker in the art which that country has yet produced, was John Flaxman, born in 1755.  Our own country also may boast of sculptors of superior talents, and from the beautiful specimens of the art which have appeared, the attainment of a high degree of excellence in it is to be anticipated.

     Attainment, the act of arriving at or reaching.

     Anticipated, expected, foreseen.

Give me a short account of this art in Germany, France, and Spain.

In these countries, as in England and the United States, during their early history, many of the best works were executed by Italians.  Germany appears to have made little progress in sculpture before the seventeenth century; since that period, it has produced sculptors of some eminence, although it is more celebrated for its writers on the art, than for artists of eminence in its practice.  In France, sculptors of some talent are mentioned as early as the sixteenth century.  Girardon and Puget were the most celebrated artists of this period.  Spanish history gives a long list of native sculptors, from the commencement of the same century, but many of them are but little known beyond their own country.  Berruguete, a pupil of Michael Angelo, appears to have founded the first regular school of the art.  Paul de Cespides, and in the eighteenth century, Philip de Castro, were the most eminent among them.

When was the use of Money first introduced?

It is not known with certainty:  there is, however, reason to believe that both gold and silver were very early used as money in Egypt and Asia:  it was afterwards introduced into Carthage and Greece; whence it was brought to Rome; and from that city spread gradually westward, through all the Roman dominions.  Before the use of money was introduced, the only means of trade was by barter, or the exchange of one commodity for another, a custom long retained by uncivilized nations.  In time, however, men discovered the necessity of something which would enable them to trade with greater facility; the first mention of money is in the time of Abraham, who, we are told in the Bible, paid “four hundred sides of silver of common current money,” for a burying place.

     Current, generally received, passing from hand to hand.

Where was Carthage?

Carthage, now Tunis, was a commercial city, situated on the Northern Coast of Africa, which long contended for the dominion of the Mediterranean with the Romans; but, after three wars, it was taken and destroyed by the Roman general, Scipio Africanus, in the year 251 before Christ.