[457:3] “Adversus Praxeam,” c. 2, 3.

[458:1] “Paedagogue,” book i. c. 5, 6, 11.

[458:2] Opera, p. 74.

[458:3] “Paedagogue,” book i. c. 1.

[458:4] “Stromata,” book ii.

[458:5] Justin, Opera, p. 500.

[459:1] See Kaye’s “Clement,” pp. 431, 435.

[459:2] Epist. i. ad Donatum, Opera, p. 3.

[459:3] The philosophers, according to Justin, maintained a general, but denied a particular providence.  Dial, with Trypho, Opera, p. 218.  Some who call themselves Christians adopt this portion of the pagan theology.

[460:1] “Non facti solum, verum et voluntatis delicta vitanda, et poenitentia purganda esse.”—­Tertullian, De Paenitentia, c. iii.

[460:2] “Hoc enim pretio Dominus veniam addicere instituit.”—­Tert.  De Paenit. c. vi.

[460:3] Clemens Alexandrinus, “Strom.” book vi.

[460:4] “Sufficiat martyri propria delicta purgasse.”—­Tertullian, De Pudicitia, c. 22.

[460:5] See Kaye’s “Tertullian,” p. 431.  Origen speaks of the baptism of blood (martyrdom) rendering us purer than the baptism of water.  Opera, ii. p. 473.

[460:6] Epist. lxxvi.  Opera, p. 322.

[460:7] Epist. lv. p. 181.

[461:1] Ps. cxix 18, 19.

[463:1] See the Apology of Athenagoras, secs. 3, 10; and Minucius Felix, c. 10.

[463:2] “Nostrae columbae etiam domus simplex, in editis semper et apertis, et ad lucem.”—­Tertullian, Advers.  Valent. c. 3.

[463:3] Life of Alexander Severus, by Lampridius, c. 49.

[464:1] See Kennett’s “Antiquities of Rome,” p. 41.

[464:2] Bingham has proved, by a variety of testimonies, that such was the order of the ancient service.  See his “Origines,” iv. 383, 400, 417.  The early Christians thus literally obeyed the commandment—­“Come before his presence with singing;” “Enter into his gates with thanksgiving, and into his courts with praise.”—­(Ps. c. 2, 4.).

[464:3] See 1 Cor. xiv. 26.  See also Euseb. v. 28.

[464:4] At the end of his “Paedagogue.”  This hymn to the Saviour was composed by Clement himself.

[465:1] Euseb. vii. 30.

[465:2] See Bingham, i. p. 383.  Edit.  London, 1840.

[465:3] Chrysostom in Psalm cxlix.  See Bingham, ii. 485.

[466:1] [Greek:  hose dunamis.] See Origen, “Contra Celsum,” iii. 1 and 57; Opera, i. 447, 485.

[466:2] “Apol.” ii. p. 98.

[466:3] “Suspicientes Christiani manibus expansis denique sine monitore, quia de pectore oramus.”—­Apol. c. 30.  The omission of a single word, when repeating the heathen liturgy, was considered a great misfortune.  Chevallier says, speaking of this expression sine monitore—­“There is probably an allusion to the persons who were appointed, at the sacrifices of the Romans, to prompt the magistrates, lest they should incidentally omit a single word in the appropriate formulae, which would have vitiated the whole proceedings.”—­Translation of the Epistles of Clement, &c., p. 411, note.