[418:3] “Epistle to the Romans.”

[419:1] Euseb. v. 21.

[419:2] See Period II. sec. i. chap. v. p. 354.

[419:3] Paul was certainly at Rome before Peter, and according to the reading of some copies of Irenaeus, in the celebrated passage, lib. iii. c. 3.  Sec. 2, the Church of Rome is said to have been founded by “Paul and Peter” (see Stieren’s “Irenaeus,” i. 428); but Ignatius here uses the style of expression current in the third century, and speaks of “Peter and Paul.”

[419:4] In the Epistle to Polycarp, Ignatius says, “If a man be able in strength to continue in chastity, (i.e. celibacy,) for the honour of the body of our Lord, let him continue without boasting.”  Here the word in the Greek is [Greek:  hagneia].  But this word is applied in the New Testament to Timothy, who may have been “the husband of one wife.”  See 1 Tim. iv, 12, and v. 2.  It is also applied by Polycarp, in his Epistle, to married women.  “Let us teach your (or our) wives to walk in the faith that is given to them, both in love and purity” ([Greek:  agape kai hagneia]).—­Epistle to the Philippians, Sec. 4.  See also “The Shepherd of Hermas,” book ii. command. 4; Cotelerius, i. 87.

[420:1] This is very evident from the recently discovered work of Hippolytus, as well as from other writers of the same period.  See Bunsen’s “Hippolytus,” i. p. 312.

[420:2] Euseb. vii. 30.

[420:3] Some have supposed that this was the church of Antioch, but it is not likely that Paul would have cared to retain the church when deserted by the people.  Besides, the building is called, not the church, but “the house of the Church” ([Greek:  tes ekklesias oikos]).

[420:4] If the reading adopted by Junius, and others, of a passage in the 4th chapter of his Epistle be correct, Polycarp must have been a married man, and probably had a family.  “Let us teach our wives to walk in the faith that is given to them, both in love and purity,.... and to bring up their children in the instruction and fear of the Lord.”  See Jacobson’s “Pat.  Apost.” ii. 472, note.

[421:1] Period II. sec. iii. chap. vii.

[421:2] See his “Epistle to the Corinthians,” c. 42, 44, 47, 54.

[421:3] See Westcott on the “Canon,” pp. 262, 264, 265.

[421:4] “In the estimation of those able and apostolical men who, in the second century, prepared the Syriac version of the New Testament for the use of some of the Oriental Churches, the bishop and presbyter of the apostolic ordination were titles of the same individual.  Hence in texts wherein the Greek word episcopos, ‘bishop,’ occurs, it is rendered in their version by the Syriac word ‘Kashisha,’ presbyter.”—­Etheridge’s Syrian Churches and Gospels, pp. 102, 103.

[421:5] The use of the word catholic in the “Seven Epistles,” edited by Ussher, is sufficient to discredit them.  See “Epist. to Smyrnaeans,” Sec. 8.  The word did not come into use until towards the close of the second century.  See Period II. sec. iii, chap, viii., and p. 337, note.