But it would have been easy and natural for the state to secure to the workers a degree of economic assurance and protection not otherwise possible.  It would have been possible, too, for the workers’ organizations, recognized by and co-operating with the state, to have undertaken, in a large degree, the control of the conditions of their own employment which labor organizations everywhere are demanding and gradually gaining.  The best features of “Guild Socialism” could nowhere have been so easily adopted.[70] But instead of effort in these directions, we find the Bolsheviki resorting to the Taylor System of Scientific Management enforced by an individual dictator whose word is final and absolute, to disobey whom is treason!  There is not a nation in the world with a working-class movement of any strength where it would be possible to introduce the industrial servitude here described: 

The most conscious vanguard of the Russian proletariat has already turned to the problem of increasing labor discipline.  For instance, the central committee of the Metallurgical Union and the Central Council of the Trades Unions have begun work on respective measures and drafts of decrees.  This work should be supported and advanced by all means. We should immediately introduce piece work and try it out in practice.  We should try out every scientific and progressive suggestion of the Taylor System; we should compare the earnings with the general total of production, or the exploitation results of railroad and water transportation, and so on.

The Russian is a poor worker in comparison with the workers of the advanced nations, and this could not be otherwise under the regime of the Czar and other remnants of feudalism.  The last word of capitalism in this respect, the Taylor System—­as well as all progressive measures of capitalism—­combine the refined cruelty of bourgeois exploitation and a number of most valuable scientific attainments in the analysis of mechanical motions during work, in dismissing superfluous and useless motions, in determining the most correct methods of the work, the best systems of accounting and control, etc.  The Soviet Republic must adopt valuable and scientific and technical advance in this field. The possibility of Socialism will be determined by our success in combining the Soviet rule and the Soviet organization of management with the latest progressive measures of capitalism.  We must introduce in Russia the study and the teaching of the Taylor System and its systematic trial and adaptation.  While working to increase the productivity of labor, we must at the same time take into account the peculiarities of the transition period from capitalism to Socialism, which require, on one hand, that we lay the foundation for the Socialist organization of emulation, and, on the other hand, require the use of compulsion so that the slogan of the dictatorship of the proletariat should