Spain, induced to enter the war, 1779, 3, 116;
    cruise of fleet of, in conjunction with French, 1779, 116-121;
    divergence of views between France and, 120, 121, 147, 158, 186;
    two squadrons of, dispersed or destroyed by Rodney, 122-126;
    inefficiency of navy of, 125, 126, 147, 158, 187-189;
    fruitless cruise of fleet of, in conjunction with French, 1781,
          188, 189;
    projected conquest of Jamaica, 206.

  St. Eustatius, Dutch West India Island, capture of, by British,
          1781, 160-162;
    a great trade centre in the war, prior to capture, 160.

  St. Kitts, British West India Island, attacked by French, 1782, 196;
    naval operations of Hood and de Grasse about, 196-205;
    capitulates to French, owing to lack of British land force, 205.

  St. Lawrence, River, the centre of French power in Canada, 7;
    strength of, as a military line, 7, 8; as a naval line of
          communications, closed by ice, 10, 11, but at other
          seasons controlling, 11, 12;
    relations, to the decisive naval campaign on Lake Champlain,
          1776, 15-17, 25-26.

  Ticonderoga, strong post at head of Lake Champlain, 8, 9, 13, 18,
          20, 27, 28, 46, 50;
    saved from capture in 1775, and 1776, by Arnold’s naval action
          on Lake Champlain, 9, 13, 25;
    taken by British, 1777, but reoccupied by Americans after
          Burgoyne’s surrender, 28.

  Tiller.  See “Helm.”

  Tippoo Saib, Sultan of Mysore, in India, succeeds his father,
          Hyder Ali, 1782, and continues his policy, 252.

  Tobago, British West India Island, taken by French, 167, 168.

  Trenton, battle of, 48.

  Trincomalee, harbor in Ceylon, a Dutch possession in 1780,
          captured by British, 1782, 240;
    importance, and imperfect defences, of, 240, 242, 244, 251, 252,
          255;
    taken by French, 1782, 247;
    naval battle off, between Hughes and Suffren, 247-251.

  Ushant, battle of, 83-93.

  Valcour, Island in Lake Champlain, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24;
    selected by Arnold as the position in which to await British
          advance, 1776, 15;
    description of, 19, 20;
    battle of, 20-23;
    American retreat from, 23-25.

  Washington, George, commander-in-chief of the American armies,
          expression of, that the navies had “the casting vote” in
          the War of Independence, 4, 151;
    arrangements of, for defence of New York City, 1776, 41-43;
    withdraws the exposed division on Brooklyn Heights, 43, 44;
    successive retirements of, to Harlem River, to New Jersey, and
          across Delaware River, 44-46;
    wins battle of Trenton, 1776, and recovers great part of New
          Jersey, 48, 49;