Navy, and Navies, Washington’s remark that to them belonged “the
          casting vote” in the War of American Independence, 4, 147;
    exercised on two decisive occasions, by Arnold on Lake
          Champlain, 1776, and by de Grasse at Yorktown, 1781, 4, 7,
          9, 168, 176, 178, 179, 184;
    decisive influence also in American War of Secession, 4;
    present and future dependence upon, of Monroe Doctrine and of
          question of Asiatic Immigration, 4, 5;
    military explanation for this “casting vote,” 5;
    Pacific question essentially one of, 5;
    military reasons for general dominant effect of, in War of
          Independence, 6, 114;
    British, saves Canada for Great Britain, 12;
    specific effect, on ultimate result of the general war, exerted
          by American, on Lake Champlain, 1776, 12, 13, 14, 25;
    inadequacy of British, to demands upon it, 29, 30, 59, 62, 79,
          82, 99, 116, 117, 120, 127, 148, 189, 193, 226;
    British, in operations at New York, 1776, 40, 44, 47;
    in Burgoyne’s advance, 1777, 51;
    misuse of British, to divide the land forces, 51, 52, 114, 115,
          152;
    subsidiary operations of British, 56, in the Carolinas, 151, in
          Virginia, 170;
    under Howe, though inadequate, saves Army under Clinton, 63, 64,
          and also New York, 64-68, and subsequently Narragansett
          Bay with army division at Newport, 72, 77;
    tone of French, as indicated by Government instructions, and
          action of officers, 83, 89, 91, 92, 166, 235;
    effect of seasonal conditions upon operations of, in Europe and
          in America, 98, 100, 113, 115, 147, 149, 159;
    in East Indies, 251;
    inefficiency of Spanish, 116, 125, 147, 189, 231, 232.

  Nelson, mentioned or quoted, 38, 39, 109, 126, 132, 140, 155, 160,
          202, 225, 226, 243.

  New Jersey, Washington crosses from New York into, 45;
    operations in, 1776, 46-49;
    impracticable to British, in 1777, and consequent effect upon
          Howe’s course, 51, 52, 56;
    retreat of British from Philadelphia through, 1778, 63, 64.

  Newport, Rhode Island, taken possession of by British, 47;
    importance of, 48;
    siege of, by Americans and French, 70, 73, 77;
    abandoned by British, 115;
    occupied by French, 150, 155, 170, 173, 174, 179.  See
          Narragansett Bay.

  New York, water communications between St. Lawrence and, 7, 8;
    British occupy harbor of, 1776, 38;
    operations around, 1776, 39-46;
    harbor, approaches, and fortifications about, 40-42;
    Washington abandons, 45, 46;
    British occupy, 45;
    British forces in, unable to cooeperate with those in
          Philadelphia, 56, 63;
    Lord Howe’s preparations to defend, 64-67;
    d’Estaing’s failure to attack, 67, 68;
    Rodney goes from West Indies to, 150, 152, 159.