[Footnote 105:  James Saumarez, Lord de Saumarez, G.C.B.  Born, 1757.  Commander, 1781.  Captain, 1782.  Captain of Russell in Rodney’s action, 1782.  Knighted for capture of frigate Reunion, 1793.  Captain of Orion in Bridport’s action, at St. Vincent, and at the Nile (when he was second in command).  Rear-Admiral and Baronet, 1801.  Defeated French and Spaniards off Cadiz, July 12th, 1801.  Vice-Admiral, 1805.  Vice-Admiral of England and a peer, 1831.  Died, 1836.]

[Footnote 106:  Ante, p. 183.]

[Footnote 107:  Probably Prudent, 64.  There was no President in the fleet.]

[Footnote 108:  The times and general movements are put together from Hood’s Journal and the Log of the Canada, published by the Navy Records Society.  “Letters of Lord Hood,” pp. 64, 86.]

[Footnote 109:  When ships were in order of battle, or column, close to the wind, if they all tacked at the same time they would still be ranged on the same line but steering at an angle to it, on the opposite tack.  This formation was called bow and quarter line, because each vessel had a comrade off its bow—­to one side and ahead—­and one off its quarter—­to one side but astern.  The advantage of this, if heading towards the enemy, was that by tacking again together they would be at once again in column, or line ahead, the customary order of battle.]

[Footnote 110:  Illustrations of other phases of this battle can be found in Mahan’s “Influence of Sea Power upon History,” pp. 470, 472.]

[Footnote 111:  White, “Naval Researches.”]

[Footnote 112:  Sharp up by the starboard braces, the wind being on the starboard quarter.  This emptied the aftersails of wind, neutralizing their effect, and, by causing the ship to move more slowly, kept her longer abreast an anchored opponent.]

[Footnote 113:  White, “Naval Researches.”]

[Footnote 114:  Ante, p. 164.]

[Footnote 115:  Seven hundred and twenty feet.  For ships of the line of that day this would make the interval between each two about four ships’ length.  At five knots speed this distance would be covered in something over a minute.]

[Footnote 116:  Probably not over one or two hundred yards from the enemy.]

[Footnote 117:  The position, in the French order, of the ships taken in the battle, is shown by the crosses in Positions 4, 5, 6.]

[Footnote 118:  Canada’s log, 8.15; reduced to Hood’s times, which are generally followed.]

[Footnote 119:  Ante, p. 200 (note).]

[Footnote 120:  This mishap occurred to three French vessels.]

[Footnote 121:  Ross, “Life of Saumarez,” i. 71.]

[Footnote 122:  Circular pieces of wood which cap the top of the masts.]

[Footnote 123:  Letters of Lord Hood, p. 103.  Navy Records Society.]

[Footnote 124:  Mundy, “Life of Rodney,” ii. 234.]